Lapierre 1000 Series User manual

1000 SERIES REVERSE OSMOSIS (R. O.)
USER MANUAL
August 2023
LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT © All rights reserved – 2023

Naturally innovative
A leader in equipment and products for the maple syrup industry,
LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT distinguishes itself by its ability to
innovate and develop high-performance solutions. This is what
enables it to make significant changes in production techniques
and processes in order to increase crop yield of high quality
syrup.
LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT has a wealth of experience accumulated
over three generations of maple syrup producers. These are also
people driven by passion and a deep desire to help the industry
evolve with the utmost respect for nature.
Honoured to serve your customers
LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT is honoured to actively assist maple
syrup producers during the sugar season.
Today you have made a wise choice for at least two good
reasons: the superior quality of our products and the exceptional
quality of all our expert advisers in the region.
We sincerely appreciate your trust. And we will be happy to
serve you again in your future equipment purchases, regardless
of the size of your sugar bush.
Thank you!
Lapierre Equipment Inc.
99 Rue de l’Escale, Saint-Ludger (QC) Canada G0M 1W0
819 548.5454 | 1 833 548.5454 | [e-mail]
www.elapierre.com

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
Please note the information required below when
dealing with customer service professionals. You can
easily find this information on the data plate on your
1000 SERIES R. O. as well as on your invoice. You can
also refer to Section 1 of this manual for additional
information.
Models shown:
One pressure vessel on the left, two pressure vessels on the right.
Models shown may differ from your model.
1000 SERIES REVERSE OSMOSIS (R. O.)
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 1000 SERIES R. O.
Customer Service: 819 548.5454 | 1 833 548.5454 |[e-mail]
Model number:
Serial number:
Purchase date:
Invoice number:
We will be pleased to answer any of your questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
1000 SERIES REVERSE OSMOSIS (R. O.)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LAPIERRE naturally innovative .....................................................................C2
Important information about your 1000 Series R. O.....................................................1
SECTIONS
1. Where to find information about your equipment..................................................5
2. Safety instructions ..............................................................................6
2.1 Instructions ................................................................................6
2.2 Warning...................................................................................6
- Electricity ..............................................................................6
- Liquids .................................................................................6
- Other ..................................................................................6
2.3 Repairs and maintenance ...................................................................7
3. Identification of the 1000 Series R. O. components ................................................8
4. Installation of the equipment ................................................................... 10
4.1 What you should check when you receive your 1000 Series R. O. .............................. 10
4.1.1 1000 Series R. O. status .............................................................. 10
4.1.2 Purchase order...................................................................... 10
4.2 Installation of the membranes.............................................................. 10
4.2.1 1000 Series R. O. with one pressure vessel ............................................. 10
4.2.2 1000 Series R. O. with two pressure vessels ............................................11
4.3 Installation of the external tubing............................................................13
4.4 Connecting the main power supply to the 1000 Series R. O. .................................. 14
5. Start-up, operation and shutdown procedures.....................................................15
5.1 Standard checks before starting up the 1000 Series R. O. ......................................15
5.1.1 Checking connections for leaks and strength ............................................15
• 1000 SERIES R. O. WITH 1 OR 2 PRESSURE VESSELS: This user’s manual can be used as a reference for
models with one or two pressure vessels.
•
LATEST VERSION OF THIS USER’S MANUAL: Please refer to our website for the latest version of this user’s
manual.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
5.1.2 Checking the cartridge prefilter and membranes ........................................15
5.2 Operation of the 1000 Series R. O............................................................15
5.2.1 Reading and using flowmeter results ...................................................15
5.2.1.1 Determine the total flow rate of maple sap ........................................15
5.2.1.2 Determine the percentage of concentration with the flow rates .................... 16
5.2.1.3 Determine the percentage of concentration with the Brix degrees ..................17
5.2.2 First use of the season or use of a new membrane ......................................17
5.2.3 Concentration .......................................................................17
5.2.4 Evacuation of the concentrate (desugaring cycle) ......................................18
5.2.5 Short rinse (10 minutes) ..............................................................18
5.2.6 Long rinse (30 minutes) ............................................................. 19
5.2.7 Hot water rinse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2.8 Washing with chemicals .............................................................20
5.2.9 Drainage of the 1000 Series R. O.......................................................21
5.3 PEP test of the membrane ..................................................................21
5.3.1 Determine the reference pressure at the initial PEP test .................................22
5.3.2 Perform a PEP test..................................................................23
5.4 Closing and storage.......................................................................26
5.4.1 Short-term storage for a few days ....................................................26
5.4.2 Long-term storage for one year or more ..............................................26
5.4.3 Drainage procedures for the 1000 Series R. O..........................................27
6. Equipment cleaning............................................................................29
7. Troubleshooting kit ............................................................................30
7.1 The 1000 Series R. O. starts, but stops as soon as I release my finger from
the electric start switch ....................................................................30
7.2 The 1000 Series R. O. starts, but stops as soon as I engage the high-pressure pump.............30
7.3 I hear a rumbling in an electric motor .......................................................30
7.4 There is the presence of sugar in my filtrate ..................................................31
8. Equipment specifications.......................................................................32
9. Our warranty (Warranty certificate) .............................................................33
10. Parts and consumables.........................................................................36

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ILLUSTRATION 1 | Identification of the 1000 Series R. O. components ................................8
ILLUSTRATION 2 | Top of the pressure vessel and membrane, and orientation of the U-cup ....................11
ILLUSTRATION 3 | Identification of pressure vessels No. 1 and No. 2...................................12
ILLUSTRATION 4 | Orientation of U-cup joints in the pressure vessels .................................12
ILLUSTRATION 5 | Fluid flow and tubing connection ................................................13
ILLUSTRATION 6 | View of the wire connection .................................................... 14
ILLUSTRATION 7 | Identification of the components to be drained...................................28
TABLE OF TABLES
TABLE 1 | Total maple sap flow ................................................................. 16
TABLE 2 | Percentage of concentration with flow rates............................................ 16
TABLE 3 | Percentage of concentration with Brix degrees ..........................................17
TABLE 4 | Initial and comparative PEP tests .......................................................21
TABLE 5 | PEP test results ......................................................................25
TABLE 6 | Table of components to be drained ....................................................27
TABLE OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A | PEP test results ...................................................................37
APPENDIX B | Correction factors for filtrate temperature...........................................38
APPENDIX C | Calculation tables for total maple sap flow and percentage concentration .................39
APPENDIX D | Terminology and definitions .......................................................42
TABLE OF WARNINGS
Important information about your 1000 Series R. O.....................................................1
Protect children .................................................................................7-15
Safely installed on a horizontal and perfectly stable surface .......................................... 10
The installation of the power supply must be done by a qualified contractor ........................... 14
People near the equipment .........................................................................15
Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for the washing products .....................................20
Never use a prefilter that has been used for washing with chemicals ...................................21
Follow the safety instructions recommended by the soap manufacturer ................................21
Regularly monitor the performance of your membrane...............................................22
Comparative PEP tests should always use the same pressure as the initial PEP test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cleaning product residue on all components ........................................................29
Keep your purchase invoice........................................................................33

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 1 WHERE TO FIND INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR EQUIPMENT
When you contact our customer service professionals, it is important to have certain information about your
equipment on hand as you will be asked for it.
You can easily find this information on the data plate on your 1000 Series R. O. as well as on your invoice.
Information about the equipment Data plate
(affixed to your equipment)
Invoice
Model number ✓ ✓
Serial number ✓ ✓
Purchase date -✓
Invoice number -✓

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 2 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
2.1 INSTRUCTIONS
• It is important to read, understand and follow the instructions and warnings contained in this user manual.
• This manual must be stored in a known place and accessible at all times by staff.
• All product operators must be familiar with the contents of this manual.
2.2 WARNING
Electricity
• Before turning On the equipment, check the power supply specifications. You will find these specifications on
the 1000 Series R. O. data sheet. Also check the specifications of the electrical circuit you intend to use. Then
make sure that the two components are compatible.
• Never connect the electrical cords to overloaded electrical circuits.
• Never use extension cords that are longer than necessary or of low gauge.
• Make sure that the electrical cords are in good working order, that they are not pinched or stripped, and that
they are not altered in any way that could affect their safe use.
• Never touch a stripped wire when it is live. Then turn Off the power and repair the equipment before turning
it back On and using it.
• The user must check the grounding circuit. Some equipment must be used or connected to other equipment
that is also equipped with a grounding circuit. Disabling or a malfunctioning of this circuit may cause equipment
operating conditions that are hazardous to its users.
• Always unplug the power cord from the equipment when it is not going to be used for a long period of time.
Liquids
• Never expose the 1000 Series R. O. to rain or excessive condensation.
• Never bring liquids into contact with the electronic components.
• Unless otherwise specified, never submerge the electrical components of this equipment.
• Never spray, wet or pour any liquid on the 1000 Series R. O. pumps.
Other
• Always keep hair, hands, and jewellery away from equipment components that are operating, or may
unexpectedly start up.
• Never place heavy objects on your equipment as their weight could damage parts of your 1000 Series R. O.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 2 Safety instructions (continued)
2.3 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE
• Stop using the equipment immediately if a malfunction is detected.
• Only LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT authorized personnel may carry out repairs on this equipment.
• Unauthorized modifications or repairs may result in hazardous operating conditions. These conditions may
also cause varying degrees of injury to users.
• Always disconnect the power supply before performing any maintenance or repairs.
• It is recommended that equipment inspections and maintenance be carried out diligently to ensure optimal
operational integrity.
• Never disassemble the electrical components of this equipment.
PROTECT CHILDREN
• Never allow children to use this equipment.
• Never leave children unattended in proximity to this equipment, whether it is switched On or not.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE 1000 SERIES R. O. COMPONENTS
Below is a list of the main components of a 1000 Series R. O.
ILLUSTRATION 1 | Identification of the 1000 Series R. O. components
11 10
9
4
5
18
8
7
6
2 3
1
1000 SERIES R. O.
2 PRESSURE VESSELS MODEL SHOWN
------------
THE EXTERNAL TUBING IS NOT SHOWN
15
14
13
12
16
17
19
20
21
22

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 3 Identification of the 1000 Series R. O. Components (continued)
No. Part Description
1High-pressure gauge
2Concentrate flowmeter
3Filtrate flowmeter
4Filtrate sampling valve
5Concentrate sampling valve
6Cartridge prefilter
7Electric start switch
8
Supply pressure gauge
9Temperature control/stop
10 Concentrate flowmeter outlet
11 Concentrate adjustment valve
12 Concentrate outlet connection
13 Filtrate outlet connection
14 High-pressure pump
15 Feed pump isolation valve
16 Maple sap or filtrate connection inlet
17 Feed pump
18 Filtrate tubes drain valves
19 Pressure vessel(s) and membrane(s) drainage valve
20 Membrane pressure vessel No. 1
21 Membrane pressure vessel No. 2
22 Filtrate flowmeter outlets

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 4 INSTALLATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
Note that your 1000 Series R. O. should ideally be installed in a heated area, away from humidity and frost. If
not, and if there is a risk of freezing, it is necessary to drain the equipment.
4.1 WHAT YOU SHOULD CHECK WHEN YOU RECEIVE YOUR
1000 SERIES R. O.
Here is a checklist to follow when you receive your 1000 Series R. O.
4.1.1 1000 Series R. O. status
• Check the condition of the R. O. as soon as it arrives.
• Although LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT applies rigorous quality control in the plant and before shipping, please
note, photograph and advise your LAPIERRE EQUIPMENT representative of any defects or imperfections that
may be observed on the day your equipment is received.
4.1.2 Purchase order
• Have the purchase order on hand.
• Make sure, by a visual count, that you have received all the items indicated on the order form such as the
membranes, the storage canisters for membranes, the wash tank and the accessories that may be included
depending on the options you chose when you placed your order.
• Also ensure that all items are in good condition.
4.2 INSTALLATION OF THE MEMBRANES
Below are the instructions for installing the membrane(s), depending on the single or dual pressure vessel
model of your 1000 Series R. O.
4.2.1 1000 Series R. O. with one pressure vessel
It is important to pay special attention to the following details when installing the membrane in the pressure
vessel of your R. O.
• In order to facilitate the insertion and the setting of the membrane in its pressure vessel, coat with a food
grade grease:
- the two O-rings installed on the contour of the pressure vessel cover,
- the U-cup installed on the membrane,
- as well as the contours of the two filtrate tubes located at each end of the membrane.
• Since your membrane has only one U-cup, make sure that:
- this one is found in the upper part of the pressure vessel,
- the installation is facing upwards, as shown in Illustration 2.
Your 1000 Series R. O. must be SAFELY INSTALLED ON A HORIZONTAL AND PERFECTLY
STABLE SURFACE. Its weight presents a real danger. If it tips or tilts, it may cause severe injury
to the operator and others in the vicinity of the equipment.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 4 Installation of the equipment (continued)
ILLUSTRATION 2 | Top of the pressure vessel and membrane, and orientation of the U-cup
4.2.2 1000 Series R. O. with two pressure vessels
Extra care is required when installing the two membranes of each pressure vessel of your 1000 Series R. O. with
two pressure vessels.
In fact, the direction in which the fluids flow in each of the pressure vessels is reversed in relation to each other.
Therefore, proceed as follows when installing your membranes.
• Identify the Nos. 1 and 2 pressure vessels of your R. O. from Illustration 3 below.
• For each membrane, coat with a food grade grease the two O-rings installed in the pressure vessel cover,
the U-cup installed on the membrane, and the contours of the two filtrate tubes located at each end of the
membrane.
• Since each membrane has only one U-cup, make sure that it is located at the top of each of the two pressure
vessels and that its orientation is as shown in Illustration 4 below, for each of the two pressure vessels:
- pressure vessel No. 1: U-cup facing up,
- pressure vessel No. 2: U-cup facing downwards.
U-CUP,
UPRIGHT INSTALLATION

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 4 Installation of the equipment (continued)
ILLUSTRATION 3 | Identification of pressure vessels No. 1 and No. 2
ILLUSTRATION 4 | Orientation of U-cup joints in the pressure vessels
PRESSURE
VESSEL NO. 1
PRESSURE
VESSEL NO. 2
U-CUPS
PRESSURE VESSEL NO. 1: U-CUP FACING UP PRESSURE VESSEL NO. 2: U-CUP FACING DOWN
UPPER PARTS OF THE
PRESSURE VESSELS

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 4 Installation of the equipment (continued)
4.3 INSTALLATION OF THE EXTERNAL TUBING
To complete the installation of your 1000 Series R. O., you will need to connect the tubing for fluid flow. Below
are instructions on how to do this.
ILLUSTRATION 5 | Fluid flow and tubing connection
Fluid flow in the 1000 Series R. O.
OUTLET to
concentrate tank
OUTLET to
filtrate tank
SUPPLY from the
filtrate tank
SUPPLY from the
maple sap tank
The tank must be
installed at 12 in. (30.48 cm)
minimum from floor
External INPUT valve
for maple sap
External INPUT valve
for filtrate
OUTLET valve
to the sanitary drain
TOWARD
the flowmeter
for concentrate
INLET maple sap
or filtrate
• Maple sap ➜Prefiltered maple sap
the flo
External SUPPLY valve
from the washing tank
Connection for
1 PRESSURE VESSEL MODEL
Connection for
2 PRESSURE VESSEL MODEL
WASHING TANK
Prefilter
DRAIN
Membrane
(concentration)
Feed pump
➜ Filtrate
➜ Concentrate

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 4 Installation of the equipment (continued)
4.4 CONNECTING THE MAIN POWER SUPPLY TO THE 1000 SERIES R. O.
Below are the instructions for connecting the electrical and grounding wires in the main electrical box of the
1000 Series R. O.
• The electrical box is 240 volts, 1 phase.
• The wires shown in the picture are pre-installed at the factory.
• The electrical contractor shall connect:
- the two power wires to connectors L-1 and L-2,
- the green ground wire to the connector on the lower left side of the image.
THE INSTALLATION OF THE POWER SUPPLY MUST BE DONE BY A QUALIFIED CONTRACTOR.
The work must be carried out in accordance with the local regulations in force.
L1 L2
ILLUSTRATION 6 | View of the wire connection

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 5 START-UP, OPERATION AND SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES
5.1 STANDARD CHECKS BEFORE STARTING UP THE 1000 SERIES R. O.
Below are the steps to follow before starting up the 1000 Series R. O.
5.1.1 Checking connections for leaks and strength
Check the following connections for leaks and firmness:
• the connection for the concentrate outlet (Illustration 1 No. 12),
• the connection for the filtrate outlet (Illustration 1 No. 13),
• the connection for the maple sap or filtrate inlet (Illustration 1 No. 16),
• all other tubes that are connected to the R. O.
5.1.2 Checking the cartridge prefilter and membranes
• Make sure the cartridge prefilter (Illustration 1 No. 6) is installed and not damaged.
• Ensure that the membranes of the pressure vessels (Illustration 1 Nos. 20 and 21) are not clogged using the
PEP Test.
- Refer to Section 5.3: PEP test of the membrane for more information on this test.
5.2 OPERATION OF THE 1000 SERIES R. O.
5.2.1 Reading and using flowmeter results
The two flowmeters (Illustration 1 Nos. 2 and 3) on your R. O. are used to read the amount of liquid flowing per
minute through your R. O. when it is running. Also, it is with these results that you will easily determine the total
flow rate of maple sap processed by your R. O. In addition, they allow you to calculate the current concentration
percentage of your equipment.
Two valves are installed on these two flowmeters to collect samples of the liquids flowing through these
measuring instruments (Illustration 1 Nos. 4 and 5).
5.2.1.1 Determine the total flow rate of maple sap
To determine the total flow rate of the maple sap using the flowmeters, simply add up the flow rates of concentrate
(Illustration 1 No. 2) and filtrate (Illustration 1 No. 3) measured on the two flowmeters of the R. O.
Also be especially cautious with other PEOPLE NEAR THE EQUIPMENT, whether they are
children, family members, guests, as well as with pets.
PROTECT CHILDREN
• Never allow children to use this equipment.
• Never leave children unattended in proximity to this equipment, whether it is switched On or not.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 5 Start-up, operation and shutdown procedures (continued)
The flowmeters measure flow rates in gallons per minute (gpm) on the left and liters per minute (lpm) on the
right. Flow is measured by a float that moves up and down the flowmeter tube according to the volume of
liquid flowing per minute. The top of the float, shown in blue in the examples below, refers to the result of the
measurement, which is 2 gpm for both concentrate and filtrate in Example No. 1.
TABLE 1 | TOTAL MAPLE SAP FLOW
EXAMPLE NO. 1 EXAMPLE NO. 2
Concentrate Filtrate Concentrate Filtrate
Result: 2 gpm Result: 2 gpm Result: 1 gpm Result: 2 gpm
TOTAL FLOW OF MAPLE SAP TOTAL FLOW OF MAPLE SAP
Concentrate 2 gpm + Filtrate 2 gpm =
4 gallons per minute of maple sap
Concentrate 1 gpm + Filtrate 2 gpm =
3 gallons per minute of maple sap
This table can be found in Appendix C where you can enter your results.
5.2.1.2 Determine the percentage of concentration with the flow rates
To determine the percentage of concentration, or percentage of pure sap removed, simply divide the measured
flow rate of filtrate by the total flow rate of maple sap calculated above.
TABLE 2 | PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATION WITH FLOW RATES
PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATION WITH FLOW RATES
Example No. 1 Example No. 2
Filtrate flow rate (results from Table 1) (divided by / ÷)
Total flow rate of maple sap (results from Table 1)
2 gpm
4 gpm
2 gpm
3 gpm
% CONCENTRATION
(or pure water removed) 50% 66%
This table can be found in Appendix C where you can enter your results.

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 5 Start-up, operation and shutdown procedures (continued)
5.2.1.3 Determine the percentage of concentration with the Brix degrees
There is a second possibility to determine the percentage of concentration. It uses the Brix degrees of the maple
sap and the concentrate. The Brix represents the percentage of sugar in a liquid solution. It is expressed in Brix
degrees (°Brix) and each degree is equivalent to 1% sugar.
To do this, collect a sample of maple sap. Then, from the concentrate sampling valve (Illustration 1 No. 5), also
collect a sample of concentrate. Measure the sugar content of each liquid with a refractometer (not supplied).
First, divide the Brix level of the maple sap by that of the concentrate (X% below). Then subtract this result from
100% (100% - X%).
TABLE 3 | PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATION WITH BRIX DEGREES
PERCENTAGE OF CONCENTRATION WITH BRIX DEGREES
Example No. 3 Example No. 4
Brix degree of maple sap (divided by / ÷)
Brix degree of the concentrate
2
4
2
6
X%
Percentage of total liquid volume remaining 50% 33%
100% - X%
CONCENTRATION % OR PURE SAP REMOVED 50% 66%
This table can be found in Appendix C where you can enter your results.
5.2.2 First use of the season or use of a new membrane
When using for the first time this season or using a new membrane, it is important to perform a short rinse cycle
(see Section 5.2.5: Short Rinse) if you have access to potable water.
If not, use maple sap to rinse. The sap must be discarded for 5 minutes before starting the concentration cycle.
Before the filtrate can be recovered, it must also be discarded during the rinse cycle and the first 30 minutes of
the concentration cycle.
5.2.3 Concentration
Here is the checklist to follow when operating your 1000 Series R. O.
1. Close the valves that are not needed for concentration, i.e. the drain valve of the pressure vessel(s) and
membranes (Illustration 1 No. 19), and the filtrate and concentrate sampling valves (Illustration 1 Nos. 4 and 5).
2. Open the external INPUT valve for maple sap (Illustration 5) which feeds the inlet connection to the feed pump
(Illustration 1 No. 16), the feed pump isolation valve (Illustration 1 No. 15) and the concentrate adjustment
valve (Illustration 1 No. 11).
3. Turn on the R. O. by pushing the lever on the right side of the electric start switch (Illustration 1 No. 7)
upwards.
• Maintain resistance until the supply pump reaches a pressure of at least 20 psi on the supply pressure gauge
(Illustration 1 No. 8).

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Lapierre Equipment | 1000 SERIES R. O. | USER MANUAL | Version 01 - August 2023
SECTION 5 Start-up, operation and shutdown procedures (continued)
• When this value is reached, the high-pressure pump (Illustration 1 No. 14) starts and the pressure of at least
20 psi on the supply pump then keeps the pumps running.
- If the R. O. stops at the start of the high-pressure pump, close the concentrate adjustment valve
(Illustration 1 No. 11) slightly to create resistance to flow.
o Then adjust this valve to obtain the desired pressure.
o Check the concentrate and filtrate flow rates at the flowtmeters (Illustration 1, Nos 2 and 3).
4. Check for the presence of sugar in the filtrate.
• To do this, first take a filtrate sample from the flowmeter tube through the filtrate sampling valve
(Illustration 1 No. 4).
• Then measure the sugar content of the filtrate with a refractometer (not supplied).
- This filtrate must not contain any sugar (0 °Brix).
o If not, refer to the Troubleshooting Kit (see Section 7.4: There is the presence of sugar in my filtrate).
5. Concentrate until the maple sap is used up or the concentration performance decreases.
• Refer to Section 5.3: PEP test of the membrane for performance.
5.2.4 Evacuation of the concentrate (desugaring cycle)
The following is a checklist for the evacuation of the concentrate (desugaring cycle).
1. If it is on, turn off the R. O.
2. Close the external INPUT valve for maple sap (Illustration 5) which feeds the inlet connection to the feed
pump (Illustration 1 No. 16).
3. Open the external INPUT valve for filtrate (Illustration 5) which feeds the inlet connection to the feed pump
(Illustration 1 No. 16).
4. Open the concentrate adjustment valve (Illustration 1 No. 11).
5. Be sure to send the concentrate to the concentrate tank and the filtrate to the tank you have provided.
6. Start the R. O., as described in Section 5.2.3: Concentration.
7. Continue the operation until the Brix degree of the concentrate, from the concentrate flowmeter (Illustration
1 No. 2), is less than 1 °Brix.
5.2.5 Short rinse (10 minutes)
The following is a checklist for the short rinse operation.
1. Ensure that:
• the external INPUT valve for maple sap (Illustration 5) that feeds the inlet connection to the feed pump
(Illustration 1 No. 16) is closed,
• the external INPUT valve for filtrate (Illustration 5) which feeds the inlet connection to the feed pump
(Illustration 1 No. 16) is open .
2. Be sure to drain the filtrate and concentrate into the drain.
3. Turn on the R. O. by turning the lever on the right side of the electric start switch (Illustration 1 No. 7) upward.
• Maintain resistance until the supply pump reaches a pressure of at least 20 psi on the supply pressure
gauge (Illustration 1 No. 8).
• When this value is reached, the high-pressure pump (Illustration 1 No. 14) starts and the pressure of at least
20 psi on the supply pump then keeps the pumps running.