Marvell ARMADA 16 Series User manual

Marvell. Moving Forward Faster
Doc. No. MV-S400320-00, Rev. -
December 2010
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Marvell® ARMADA™ 16x
Plug Computer
Development Kit
User Manual

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Marvell® ARMADA™ 16x Plug Computer Development Kit User Manual
Doc. No. MV-S400320-00 Rev. - Copyright © 2010 Marvell
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Table of Contents
Copyright © 2010 Marvell Doc. No. MV-S400320-00 Rev. -
December 2010 Page 3
Table of Contents
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................7
1.1 GuruPlug Display (gplugD) Overview................................................................................................................7
1.2 gplugD Functionality..........................................................................................................................................7
1.3 Hardware Overview...........................................................................................................................................7
1.4 Marvell® ARMADA™ 168 Features..................................................................................................................8
1.5 Operating System Support................................................................................................................................8
2 Unpacking the gplugD ..................................................................................................................9
2.1 Kit Contents.......................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 External Connectors........................................................................................................................................12
3 Getting Started with the gplugD.................................................................................................15
3.1 Console Access ..............................................................................................................................................15
3.2 Remote Access with Secure Shell (SSH)........................................................................................................18
3.3 Using a Keyboard, Mouse, and HDMI Display................................................................................................19
3.4 Remote Access with VNC...............................................................................................................................21
4 File Systems and Partitions........................................................................................................25
4.1 Where are the microSDHC cards in /dev?......................................................................................................25
4.2 Mounting Partitions .........................................................................................................................................27
4.3 New Boot Card Setup .....................................................................................................................................29

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List of Figures
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List of Figures
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 7
2 Unpacking the gplugD....................................................................................................................... 9
3 Getting Started with the gplugD..................................................................................................... 15
Figure 1: PL-2303 USB Enumeration ..............................................................................................................15
Figure 2: COM Port Assignment......................................................................................................................16
Figure 3: TeraTerm Serial Port Setup..............................................................................................................16
Figure 4: gplugD Login Prompt........................................................................................................................17
Figure 5: U-Boot Start-Up................................................................................................................................17
Figure 6: TeraTerm SSH Setup.......................................................................................................................18
Figure 7: SSH Unrecognized Host Warning Message.....................................................................................18
Figure 8: SSH Authentication...........................................................................................................................19
Figure 9: gplugD Shutdown .............................................................................................................................20
Figure 10: System Halted Message...................................................................................................................20
Figure 11: TightVNC Server Installation ............................................................................................................21
Figure 12: TightVNC Server Password Setup ...................................................................................................21
Figure 13: Plug IP Address................................................................................................................................22
Figure 14: TightVNC View New Connection Window........................................................................................22
Figure 15: TightVNC Password Entry................................................................................................................23
Figure 16: TightVNC Viewer Screen Scaling.....................................................................................................23
Figure 17: TightVNC Server Shutdown..............................................................................................................24
4 File Systems and Partitions............................................................................................................ 25
Figure 18: /dev Directory Listing........................................................................................................................25
Figure 19: Power-On microSDHC Slot Assignment...........................................................................................26
Figure 20: Warm Boot microSDHC Assignment................................................................................................26
Figure 21: Mounting Kernel Partition on Boot microSDHC Device....................................................................27
Figure 22: Root File System Mounted on /dev/mmcblk0p2 in /etc/mtab............................................................27
Figure 23: Free Space Available on Internal 8 GB microSDHC Card................................................................28
Figure 24: USB Flash Drive on /dev/sda............................................................................................................28
Figure 25: Ubuntu “Live” Trial ............................................................................................................................29
Figure 26: Ubuntu Automounts the New microSDHC Card...............................................................................30
Figure 27: Run the GParted Partition Editor ......................................................................................................30
Figure 28: Select the New microSDHC Card Device.........................................................................................31
Figure 29: Unmount Previously Mounted Partitions...........................................................................................31
Figure 30: Delete Existing Partitions..................................................................................................................32
Figure 31: Creating a FAT16 Partition for the Linux Kernel...............................................................................32
Figure 32: FAT16 Partition Parameters.............................................................................................................33
Figure 33: ext3 Partitions Parameters ...............................................................................................................33

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Figure 34: Apply Pending Partition Modifications ..............................................................................................34
Figure 35: Launch the Disk Utility ......................................................................................................................34
Figure 36: Mounting the FAT16 Partition...........................................................................................................35
Figure 37: Mount the ext3 Partition....................................................................................................................35
Figure 38: Launch the Terminal.........................................................................................................................36
Figure 39: Copy the Kernel zImage File to the FAT16 Partition ........................................................................36
Figure 40: Change Directory to the ext3 Partition for the Root File System ......................................................37
Figure 41: Decompress and Extract the Root File System Tarball....................................................................37
Figure 42: Safely Remove the microSDHC Card..............................................................................................38
Figure 43: Wait for Linux to Finish Before Removing the New microSDHC Card..............................................38

Introduction
GuruPlug Display (gplugD) Overview
Copyright © 2010 Marvell CONFIDENTIAL Doc. No. MV-S158458-00 Rev. -
December 7, 2010, Document Classification: Proprietary Information Page 7
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1Introduction
1.1 GuruPlug Display (gplugD) Overview
The Marvell® ARMADA™ 16x Plug Computer Development Kit User Manual describes procedures
for operating the GuruPlug1Display Development Kit, referred to throughout this document as the
“gplugD.” The gplugD device is an evaluation platform for the Marvell®ARMADA™ 168 Applications
Processor. It takes the shape of a plug computer, a small form-factor computing platform created by
Marvell that integrates a high-performance, power-efficient system-on-a-chip processor with network
connectivity, peripheral expansion, and the Linux™ operating system. The entire system is housed
in an AC-to-DC adapter that plugs into a wall outlet, thus the term “plug computer.”
The gplugD expands upon existing plug computers by incorporating a display controller with an
HDMI output for a LCD TV or monitor, extra USB ports for connecting a keyboard and mouse, and
extra flash memory storage via internal and external microSDHC card slots. Quite simply, the
gplugD is a complete computer that is smaller than a traditional desktop PC power supply.
1.2 gplugD Functionality
Unlike other plug computers, which are limited to running applications that either are non-interactive
or deliver content via terminal console or web browser, the gplugD can drive a HDMI-capable display
with both bit-mapped graphics and sound. This makes it an ideal platform for developing
energy-efficient interactive kiosks and smart displays.
Without any optimization, the gplugD running MPlayer on Linux and X11 can render 30 fps
H.264-encoded CIF (352 x 240) video with a 48 kHz AAC LC stereo audio track. While higher
performance is possible using Marvell's Integrated Performance Primitives-based (IPP) multimedia
codecs, the gplugD isnot intended to be ahigh-performance video playback device forhome theatre
applications.
The gplugD runs Debian Linux. It can access the complete range of Debian repositories with more
than 18,000 precompiled packages for armel (ARM EABI) targets. Add in projects from other Open
Source collaborative efforts and end user-developed software, and the gplugD becomes a flexible
and capable device for a wide range of applications.
1.3 Hardware Overview
Though about the same size as a typical notebook computer AC-to-DC power supply, the gplugD is
equipped with a full set of memories and peripherals:
Marvell ARMADA 168 processor (88AP168) running at 800 MHz
512 Mbytes DDR2-800 SDRAM
4-Mbit SPI boot flash holding the pre-boot loader and U-Boot
Two Class 6 microSDHC cards
•4 GB in external slot with Debian Linux 5.0
•8 GB on CPU and memory board
4 high-speed USB ports
10/100 Mbps Ethernet
HDMI 1.3 video and stereo audio output
1. GuruPlug is a registered trademark of Globalscale Technologies, Inc.

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High-speed USB On-the-Go (OTG) micro AB port
USB mini-B connector for serial port console access
1.4 Marvell®ARMADA™ 168 Features
The gplugD is powered by the high-performance, low-power ARMADA 168 Applications Processor
that integrates a comprehensive set of peripherals for smart, interactive products. Flexible hardware
interfaces support a wide range of memory and I/O standards, and permit system designers to fine-
tune individual subsystems for cost and performance. Features of the ARMADA 168 include:
Marvell®Sheeva™ PJ1 ARMv5TE-compatible CPU core capable of operation at up to 1 GHz
•32-Kbyte direct-mapped L1 instruction cache
•32-Kbyte 4-way set associative L1 data cache
•128-Kbyte unified L2 cache
•Intel®Wireless MMX2™ compliant SIMD coprocessor
32-channel DMA Controller with 92 peripheral device request sources
NAND Flash Controller for 1.8V and 3V SLC and MLC devices
2-chip select static memory and VLIO Bus Controller
LPDDR1/DDR2/LVDDR2/DDR3 Dynamic Memory Controller
Flexible LCD Controller with hardware color conversion capable of driving up to WUXGA (1920
x 1200) class smart or dumb panels
Programmable 2D graphics accelerator with intelligent hardware color management unit
Up to 4 (e)MMC/SD/SDIO/CE-ATA Controller ports
XD, MS/MS Pro, and CompactFlash Card Controllers
CMOS video (up to 640 x 480) and still (up to 2 Mpixel) Camera Interface Controller
High-speed USB OTG and Host Controllers with integrated PHYs
10/100 Mbps fast Ethernet Controller
Dual x1 lane PCI Express Controller and PHY
Up to 3 UARTs and 2 two-wire serial interfaces
Up to 5 synchronous serial ports with I2S and SPI modes
AC '97 Audio Controller
Up to 4 independent PWM channels
Three 32-bit hardware timers
Up to 122 GPIO pins
1.5 Operating System Support
The gplugD ships with Debian Linux 5.0 which is based on the Linux 2.6.29 kernel. While not yet
released, the next version of Debian Linux presumably will be version 6.0. A kernel and root file
systemfor that can be installed on the gplugD and will be available for download at some point in the
future. The gplugD also supports Android, with a port of version 2.2 currently in development.

Unpacking the gplugD
Kit Contents
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2Unpacking the gplugD
2.1 Kit Contents
The GuruPlug Display (gplugD)DevelopmentKit comes in a compact white boxfrom Marvell partner
Globalscale Technologies, Inc.
A full complement of accessories comes with the kit, including all of the cables needed to connect to
the various I/O ports, such as HDMI…

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Ethernet...
A bendable USB extension gooseneck for a Wi-Fi or Bluetooth dongle…

Unpacking the gplugD
Kit Contents
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A pair for USB OTG (micro AB plug to standard A receptacle and micro AB plug to standard A
plug)…
And a pair of USB mini B (one for the console serial port and the other for the JTAG debug adapter).
Just like other plug computers, the gplugD can be plugged directly into a wall outlet, operating
discretely and out of the way. The desktop adapter and extension cord keep the gplugD within easy
reach of a developer's workstation and nearby peripherals.

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Debug access using JTAG is provided through the gplugD second microSDHC card slot using one
of two enclosed adapters. The first is for use with existing JTAG hardware and is a passive circuit
board that simply maps the appropriate signals to the standard 20-pin debug header. The second is
a miniature USB debug module that is based on the Future Technology Devices International
FT2232H multi-purpose high-speed USB converter chip. Software support for this hardware is in
development.
2.2 External Connectors
I/O connectors occupy three of the four sides that are perpendicular to the gplugD internal printed
circuit-board assemblies as shown in the following figures:

Unpacking the gplugD
External Connectors
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While not immediately obvious from these photographs, the printed circuit boards inside the gplugD
are mounted in such a way that the HDMI, high-speed USB, and microSDHC connectors are
inverted. Cables must be plugged in accordingly, and microSDHC cards must be inserted with
contacts up.

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Getting Started with the gplugD
Console Access
Copyright © 2010 Marvell Doc. No. MV-S400320-00 Rev. -
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3Getting Started with the gplugD
3.1 Console Access
Embedded Linux systems typically provide console access for interacting with a boot loader,
observing start-up messages, editing configuration files, and issuing commands from a shell. A
ProlificTechnologyPL-2303 USB-to-serial Bridge Controller is used for the console serial porton the
gplugD. The following instructions assume a PC running Windows XP with appropriate user rights
and a terminal program such as a recent version of TeraTerm.
1. Visit http://www.prolific.com.tw to download the PL-2303 drivers for the, then run the installer.
2. Connect an available PC USB port to the gplugD serial port (the USB mini B receptacle above
the Ethernet RJ-45 jack) using one of the enclosed USB mini B cables.
3. Power-up the plug using the desktop adapter and extension cord.
4. Wait for Windows to enumerate the PL-2303 device and load its driver as shown in Figure 1.
5. Go to the Device Manager (Start Menu --> Settings --> Control Panel --> System --> Hardware -->
Device Manager) . Expand the Ports (COM and LPT) drop-down and note the COM port
assigned to the PL-2303 (see Figure 2).
Figure 1: PL-2303 USB Enumeration

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6. Launch TeraTerm, and select “ Serial port… ” from the Setup menu. Choose the COM port
assigned to the Prolific driver in the Device Manager from the “
Port” drop-down menu (Figure 3).
Figure 2: COM Port Assignment
Figure 3: TeraTerm Serial Port Setup

Getting Started with the gplugD
Console Access
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If necessary, change the baud rate to 115200, data to 8 bit, and parity to none. Click “ OK” to
apply the changes.
After the serial port is configured, start-up messages scroll by as Linux boots until the login prompt is
reached (see Figure 4).
Login as “
root” with “ nosoup4u” as the password. From this default shell, typical command line
programs are available. For example,
dpkg –l | more lists the installed software packages.
U-Boot provides a short delay before loading the Linux kernel and launching the operating system.
From the shell, enter “ reboot” to shutdown Linux and reset the chip.
7. Press any key to halt OS loading when the U-Boot start-up message appears (Figure 5).
Figure 4: gplugD Login Prompt
Figure 5: U-Boot Start-Up

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Enter “ help” to get a list of U-Boot commands. Enter “ boot” to load the kernel and start Linux.
3.2 Remote Access with Secure Shell (SSH)
Secure Shell (SSH) can be used to access the gplugD when it is connected to a network. The steps
that follow assume either (a) that the Plug has been reconfigured to use a static IP address or (b)
that its dynamically assigned IP address is known. Any client that supports Version 2 of the SSH
protocol can be used, which makes TeraTerm a particularly convenient choice for this example.
1. Select “
New connection… ” from the File menu, enter the Plug’s IP address, select the SSH radio
button, chose “
SSH2 ” from the SSH version drop-down menu, and click “ OK ” (see Figure 6).
2. When connecting to any machine not explicitly listed in its “ hosts” file, the SSH client displays a
warning message as shown in Figure 7:
Figure 6: TeraTerm SSH Setup
Figure 7: SSH Unrecognized Host Warning Message

Getting Started with the gplugD
Using a Keyboard, Mouse, and HDMI Display
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Allow TeraTerm to add the gplugD IP address to its list of known hosts, if preferred. This warning
message is displayed any time TeraTerm connects to a machine that is not listed (either via IP
address or fully-qualified domain name) in its host file. Click “
Continue .”
3. Enter “
root” and “ nosoup4u” for the user name and password, respectively, at the next prompt,
and click “
OK ” (see Figure 8).
4. At the shell prompt, type “ exit” or “ logout” to disconnect.
3.3 Using a Keyboard, Mouse, and HDMI Display
With a network connection, keyboard, mouse, and flat panel display with HDMI, the gplugD can be
used as a standalone Linux machine. Follow these steps to boot the gplugD and use the Linux
desktop:
1. With the gplugD powered down, plug in a USB mouse, USB keyboard, and a flat panel display
with a free HDMI input using the provided cable. Connect the RJ-45 jack to a wired Ethernet
network. Do not connect power to the Plug yet.
2. Turn on the display and select the HDMI input to which the gplugD is connected.
3. Connect power to the Plug NOW.
Boot time is about 40 seconds with X initializing the display around the 30-second mark. On some
flat-panel monitors and TVs, the desktop toolbar may extend below the visible screen area.
Depending on the particular display make and model, this viewing area can be adjusted by
navigating to the picture settings or adjustment menu and selecting “just scan” or disabling
overscan.
To shutdown the gplugD from the desktop, click the monitor icon in the lower left corner, select
“
Logout” , and then “ Shutdown ” (see Figure 9).
Figure 8: SSH Authentication

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Althoughthe desktopicons and toolbar disappear, nothing else onthe displayindicatesthat the Plug
has shut down. On the console, however, status messages continue to be output, with a final
“
System halted” message appearing after about 20 seconds (Figure 10).
Figure 9: gplugD Shutdown
Figure 10: System Halted Message