maxam RIOTRONIC X + User manual

RIOTRONIC X+
SYSTEM
User manual
July 2020
Version 1.
1

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RIOTRONIC X+
User Manual
Disclaimer:
MAXAM takes all reasonable efforts to ensure an accurate understanding of client
requirements. The information contained in this report is as accurate and up-to-date as
possible based on this understanding. MAXAM accepts no liability to any person for any
injury, loss or damage resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information contained
in this report or for any injury, loss or damage resulting from the omission of any
information in this report. No expressed or implied warranties are given other than those
implied mandatory by territory legislation.

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Table of contents:
Disclaimer: ....................................................................................................................... 1
1. Safety ........................................................................................................................ 8
2. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9
2.1. RIOTRONIC X+ Detonator .................................................................................... 10
2.1.1. Detonator Technical Specifications ..................................................... 12
2.1.2. Label.......................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3. Connector ................................................................................................. 12
2.2. RIOTRONIC X+ Accessories ................................................................................ 13
2.2.1. Safety key ............................................................................................................ 13
2.2.2. Bus-line ..................................................................................................... 14
2.2.3. Charger ..................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4. Replacement connector .......................................................................... 14
2.2.5. Equipment-PC USB cable ........................................................................ 15
2.3. RIOTRONIC SW software .................................................................................... 15
3. Operation Procedure ............................................................................................. 16
3.1. General procedure for a blast using RIOTRONIC X+ ................................... 16
3.1.1. Defining a blast plan ............................................................................... 16
3.1.2. Covering Risk Assessment ..................................................................... 16
3.1.3. Preparing the Equipment ....................................................................... 16
3.1.4. Product distribution ............................................................................... 16
3.1.5. Priming, loading and stemming the hole .............................................. 17
3.1.6. Programming and connecting ............................................................... 17
3.1.7. Testing lines, detonators and connections .......................................... 17
3.1.8. Firing the blast ........................................................................................ 18
3.1.9. Post blast inspection and solving cut-offs/misfires ........................... 18
3.1.10. Blast history/record download ............................................................. 18
3.2. Operating procedure ............................................................................................. 19
3.2.1. Blasting plan ............................................................................................ 19
3.2.2. Detonator testing ................................................................................... 20
3.2.3. Risk assessment ...................................................................................... 21

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3.2.4. Priming .................................................................................................... 22
3.2.5. Reels ......................................................................................................... 22
3.2.6. Packaged Explosives .............................................................................. 23
3.2.7. Cast Booster ............................................................................................ 23
3.2.8. Loading .................................................................................................... 24
3.2.9. Stemming ................................................................................................ 24
3.2.10. Precautions during operation .............................................................. 25
4. Best Practices ......................................................................................................... 25
4.1. Before you proceed to the blast site, make sure that ........................ 25
4.2. During logging ........................................................................................ 26
4.3. After logging ........................................................................................... 26
5. System limits for the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger .................................................... 27
5.1. Positioning of RIOTRONIC X+ Loggers ................................................ 27
5.2. Connect – Reconnect the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger to the BUS LINE .. 27
5.3. Extension of BUS LINE wire .................................................................. 27
5.4. System limits for the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster .................................... 28
5.5. General planning for connection .......................................................... 28
5.6. Before shot .............................................................................................. 28
5.7. Conditions for setting up a shot ........................................................... 28
5.8. Limiting the risk of wire damage ......................................................... 29
5.9. Limiting the risk of damaging the bus-line ......................................... 30
5.10. Limiting the risk of transient pressure ............................................... 30
6. Riotronic X+ Logger – User manual ..................................................................... 31
6.1. General information ............................................................................... 31
6.2. Device outlook ......................................................................................... 31
6.2.1. Keypad ...................................................................................................... 31
6.2.2. Display ...................................................................................................... 31
6.2.3. Charging socket ...................................................................................... 32
6.2.4. USB socket .............................................................................................. 32
6.2.5. Bus-line terminals .................................................................................. 32
6.2.6. NFC antenna ........................................................................................... 33
6.2.7. Turning device on and off ..................................................................... 33
6.2.8. Active pattern ........................................................................................ 33

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6.3. Programming detonators ...................................................................... 34
6.3.1. Manual mode........................................................................................... 34
6.3.2. Incremental mode .................................................................................. 35
6.3.3. No delay mode ........................................................................................ 35
6.3.4. PC mode ................................................................................................... 35
6.4. Main menu ............................................................................................... 36
6.4.1. Test one det ............................................................................................. 36
6.4.2. Test range ............................................................................................... 36
6.4.3. Test pattern ............................................................................................. 37
6.4.4. Test leakage ............................................................................................. 37
6.4.5. Test resistance ........................................................................................ 37
6.4.6. List dets .................................................................................................... 37
6.4.7. Transfer data ........................................................................................... 37
6.4.8. Send.......................................................................................................... 38
6.4.9. Receive ..................................................................................................... 38
6.4.10. Program range ........................................................................................ 38
6.5. Settings .................................................................................................... 38
6.5.1. Active pattern ........................................................................................ 39
6.5.2. Connection mode .................................................................................... 39
6.5.3. Delay mode .............................................................................................. 39
6.5.4. Transfer settings.................................................................................... 39
6.5.5. System ..................................................................................................... 39
6.6. PC connection .......................................................................................... 41
6.7. Battery charging ..................................................................................... 41
6.8. Firmware uploading .............................................................................. 42
6.9. Service menu ........................................................................................... 42
6.9.1. Export log to SD ...................................................................................... 44
6.9.2. Test LCD .................................................................................................. 44
6.9.3. Test keyboard ......................................................................................... 44
6.9.4. Save battery info .................................................................................... 44
6.9.5. Save revision date .................................................................................. 44
6.9.6. Set GUI colour ......................................................................................... 44
6.10. Restarting the device ............................................................................. 44

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6.11. Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 45
6.12. Technical specification ......................................................................... 45
7. Riotronic X+ Blaster – User manual ..................................................................... 46
7.1. General information .............................................................................. 46
7.2. Device outlook .........................................................................................47
7.2.1. Keypad ......................................................................................................47
7.2.2. Display ......................................................................................................47
7.2.3. Charging socket .......................................................................................47
7.2.4. USB sockets..............................................................................................47
7.2.5. Communication antenna socket ........................................................... 48
7.2.6. Firing line terminals ............................................................................... 48
7.2.7. NFC antenna ........................................................................................... 48
7.2.8. Turning device on and off ..................................................................... 49
7.2.9. Receive data ............................................................................................ 49
7.2.10. Test blast ................................................................................................. 50
7.3. Blast procedure ....................................................................................... 51
7.3.1. Local .......................................................................................................... 51
7.3.2. Remote ..................................................................................................... 53
7.3.3. Menu ........................................................................................................ 54
7.3.4. Test remote .............................................................................................. 55
7.3.5. Copy history ........................................................................................... 56
7.4. Settings .................................................................................................... 56
7.4.1. Remote type ............................................................................................ 56
7.4.2. Transfer settings.................................................................................... 56
7.5. System ...................................................................................................... 57
7.5.1. System info .............................................................................................. 57
7.5.2. PIN settings ............................................................................................. 57
7.5.3. Time and date .......................................................................................... 57
7.5.4. Language .................................................................................................. 57
7.5.5. Brightness ................................................................................................ 57
7.5.6. Buttons beep ........................................................................................... 58
7.5.7. Reset WiFi ............................................................................................... 58
7.6. Battery charging .................................................................................... 60

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7.7. Firmware uploading ............................................................................... 61
7.8. Service menu ............................................................................................ 61
7.8.1. Tag read ................................................................................................... 63
7.8.2. Export dev log ......................................................................................... 63
7.8.3. Test LCD .................................................................................................. 63
7.8.4. Test keyboard ......................................................................................... 63
7.8.5. Save battery info .................................................................................... 63
7.8.6. Save revision date .................................................................................. 63
7.8.7. Set GUI colour ......................................................................................... 63
7.9. Restarting the device ............................................................................. 64
7.10. Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 64
7.11. Technical specification ......................................................................... 64
8. Riotronic X+ Remote – User manual .................................................................... 65
8.1. General information .............................................................................. 65
8.2. Device outlook ........................................................................................ 66
8.2.1. Keypad ..................................................................................................... 66
8.2.2. Display ..................................................................................................... 66
8.2.3. Charging socket ...................................................................................... 66
8.2.4. USB sockets............................................................................................. 66
8.2.5. Communication antenna socket ............................................................67
8.2.6. NFC antenna ............................................................................................67
8.3. Turning device on and off ......................................................................67
8.4. Pairing Blasters ...................................................................................... 68
8.5. Blast procedure ...................................................................................... 69
8.6. Menu ......................................................................................................... 71
8.6.1. Test remote .............................................................................................. 72
8.6.2. Copy history ............................................................................................ 73
8.6.3. Settings ..................................................................................................... 73
8.7. PC connection .......................................................................................... 77
8.8. Battery charging .................................................................................... 78
8.9. Firmware uploading .............................................................................. 78
8.10. Service menu ............................................................................................79
8.10.1. Tag read ................................................................................................... 80

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8.10.2. Export dev log ......................................................................................... 80
8.10.3. Test LCD .................................................................................................. 80
8.10.4. Test keyboard ......................................................................................... 80
8.10.5. Save battery info .................................................................................... 80
8.10.6. Save revision date .................................................................................. 80
8.10.7. Set GUI colour .......................................................................................... 81
8.11. Restarting the device .............................................................................. 81
8.12. Troubleshooting ...................................................................................... 81
8.13. Technical specification .......................................................................... 81
9. Annex ...................................................................................................................... 83
9.1. Rules of thumb in blasting design Recommendations for timing .... 83
9.2. Air blast and vibration .......................................................................... 86
9.2.1. Air blast ................................................................................................... 86
9.2.2. Face Bursting .......................................................................................... 86
9.2.3. Piston Effect ........................................................................................... 86
9.2.4. Lead holes ................................................................................................ 87
9.2.5. Vibration ................................................................................................. 87
9.3. Blast Design Parameters ....................................................................... 88
9.3.1. Blast-hole Diameter ............................................................................... 89
9.3.2. Bench Height........................................................................................... 90
9.3.3. Burden and Spacing ............................................................................... 90
9.3.4. Blast-hole Pattern (Staggered v Square) ............................................. 93
9.3.5. Subdrilling .............................................................................................. 94
9.3.6. Explosives Distribution ......................................................................... 95
9.3.7. Stemming ................................................................................................ 96
9.3.8. Primer placement ....................................................................................97
9.4. Influence of blast timing on fragmentation and heave ..................... 98
9.4.1. Spacing timing influence on fragmentation ....................................... 98
9.4.2. Burden timing influence on heave ....................................................... 99

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RIOTRONIC X+
User Manual
1. Safety
The RIOTRONIC X+ system consists of several components (Detonator, Logger, Remote,
Blaster, Bus-line, Replacement connectors, Software, etc.) that will be accurately described
in the following chapters.
The system is not only the respective hardware but the knowledge and way of working with
it, both in blast design and in blast operation. That is why training is a crucial part in the use
of the system. Every user must be properly trained and certified in its use. That includes the
use of the equipment and the general safety rules of the blasting activity.
Some safety remarks that must be considered at any time are:
 RIOTRONIC X+ electronic detonators and the parts of the system are different than
standard electric detonators. Therefore, it is not allowed to mix them together, or use
electric blasting machines or testers with RIOTRONIC X+ electronic detonators, or
RIOTRONIC X+ Blasters or RIOTRONIC X+ Loggers with electric detonators. The
results of those actions will result in failure in the blast.
 Each electronic system is different, so it is not allowed to mix detonators and devices
from different manufacturers or versions of the same systems.
 Follow standard blasting safety rules in the use of electronic initiation systems, in
addition to the specific safety rules of the system.
 Never attempt to repair or manipulate system equipment and avoid using
manipulated or failed equipment if it is detected.
 Respect the system limits in terms of the maximum number of RIOTRONIC X+
detonators per blast, per RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster and per RIOTRONIC X+ Logger.
 Follow the manufacturer´s instructions of use, and always use original bus-line and
connectors to avoid system failures.
 Always start with an appropriate risk assessment of the blast.
 Always use approved devices and hardware when using RIOTRONIC X+ electronic
detonators.
 Never connect a RIOTRONIC X+ detonator to any energy supply other than the
RIOTRONIC X+ Logger and Blaster.
 Never connect conventional electric detonators and RIOTRONIC X+ detonators to
the same circuit.
 Never connect conventional electric detonators to a RIOTRONIC X+ Logger or
Blaster.
 Never use the RIOTRONIC X+ firing system unless you have been properly trained
for its use.

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 This equipment is not suitable for use in locations where children are likely to be
present
 The battery cannot be replaced by the user. Please contact the RIOTRONIC
technical team in case of issues
 The Remote, Blaster & Logger content licence-exempt transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that
comply with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada’s licence-
exempt RSS(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) These devices
may not cause interference; (2) These devices must accept any interference,
including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
 The Remote, Blaster & Logger comply with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) These devices may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) these must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation
Company: MAXAM UEB, S.L.
Address: Barrio Zuazo s/n City: Galdacano Province: Vizcaya
Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone] Country: Spain
E-mail: [email protected]et
Emergency telephone
number: [phone] (Available 24 hours)
2. Introduction
The RIOTRONIC X+ system is a blasting system for electronic detonators comprised of the
following:
 RIOTRONIC X+ Electronic detonator  RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster
 RIOTRONIC X+ Logger  RIOTRONIC X+ Remote
 Bus Line  RIOTRONIC Blast design software

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Figure 1. RIOTRONIC X+ System
The RIOTRONIC X+ system uses proprietary bi-directional communication between the
RIOTRONIC X+ detonators and the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster and the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger.
This type of communication between the RIOTRONIC X+ detonators and the units:
 Allows each RIOTRONIC X+ detonator to be programmed with a unique delay.
 Ensures that tests can be executed at the shot and from the firing station.
 Controls the energy of each RIOTRONIC X+ detonator up to the moment of firing.
 Reports any anomaly to the operator, identifying the type of problem and the
RIOTRONIC X+ detonator involved
 Prevents initiation unless commanded by a RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster.
This technology makes it possible to control the precision of the firing sequence and allows
overall supervision of a correctly implemented safety procedure for blasting.
2.1. RIOTRONIC X+ Detonator
The RIOTRONIC X+ detonator is an electronic detonator and it is the main part of the
system. It consists of a connector, cable and an electronic detonator (Figure 2).
Figure 2. RIOTRONIC X+ Detonator

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The RIOTRONIC X+ detonator´s main functions are:
 Receiving, analyzing and executing commands from the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger and
Blaster.
 Carrying out a self-diagnosis when commanded by the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger or
Blaster.
 Storing enough energy to remain self-sufficient during the firing phase.
 Storing the energy required to initiate the firing element at the programmed delay
time.
 Generating the electrical impulse to initiate the firing element at the programmed
delay time.
 Continuously analyzing its environment and carrying out safety procedures if
necessary (e.g. if communication between the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster and a
RIOTRONIC X+ detonator is lost).

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2.1.1. Detonator Technical Specifications
Parameter Value
Water tightness 20 bars for 30 days
Operating Temperature -30°C to +55°C
Storage Temperature -40°C to +70°C
Detonator Strength #8 cap strength
Tensile Strength > 300N (67 Lbs)
Shelf Life 2 years (renewable depending on storage conditions)
Timing Fully programmable from 0 to 14 000 ms with increment steps
of 0,5 ms
ESD Resistance Compliant to EN 13763-13 (25 KV)
EMC Resistance Compliant to EN 13763-27
Traceability Unique ID number
Wire Copper clad steel core and High Abrasion Resistance
Polyamide insulation
2.1.2. Label
The water-resistant label includes information regarding length, lot number, a unique
traceable data matrix and the unique ID of the detonator (Figure 3).
Figure 3. RIOTRONIC X+ Detonator Label
2.1.3. Connector
The system uses a robust and glove friendly connector for extra reliability and effectiveness.
The mechanical hinge allows it to be used over an extended temperature range (Figure 4).

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Figure 4. Connector
Always use a RIOTRONIC X+ bus line to connect several RIOTRONIC X+ detonators. If two
or more rows needed to be connected to each other, use the corresponding replacement
connectors. Put the cable in a flat position inside the connector and close it completely
(Figure 5).
Figure 5. Bus line location inside the connector
The lid of the connectors has two positions when it is closed. When the RIOTRONIC X+
detonator is connected to the line the lid should be closed completely, until the second click
is heard. It is recommended that the lid is only closed until the first click is heard while a bus
line is not being used (both positions can be seen in figure 6). This will facilitate the opening
of the connector later while still protecting it against dust and rocks.
Figure 6. Completely Closed and half-closed connectors
2.2. RIOTRONIC X+ Accessories
2.2.1. Safety key
The Safety key (RFID card, in Figure 7) is used to authenticate the operator of the
RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster. RFID tag must be tapped on NFC antenna. Unique serial number
from card is stored in Blaster’s memory and Blaster’s serial number is written in card’s
memory. Blaster is equipped with NFC communication antenna. NFC is used to
communicate with Logger and read RFID card to blast authorization. NFC antenna is placed
at the left side of front panel, just above the CHARGE key.

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Figure 7. Safety key (RFID card)
2.2.2. Bus-line
The bus line (Figure 8) is used to connect separate RIOTRONIC X+ detonators as a network.
Additionally, the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger can be used to program RIOTRONIC X+ detonators
using this line and the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster needs this line to charge and fire the
detonators.
Figure 8. Bus line (With and without reel)
2.2.3. Charger
This equipment is used to charge the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster (Figure 9).
Figure 9. RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster Charger
2.2.4. Replacement connector
If the bus-line or a RIOTRONIC X+ detonator wire is broken, use a replacement connector
(Figure 10.) to reconnect the broken lines.

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Figure 10. Replacement connector
2.2.5. Equipment-PC USB cable
It is used to transfer data between RIOTRONIC X+ Logger to a computer (Figure 11)
Figure 11. USB cable
2.3. RIOTRONIC SW software
RIOTRONIC SW is the Blast Design and Simulation software for RIOTRONIC electronic
detonators developed by TAP (Technical Application Department of MAXAM Civil
Explosives).
Figure 12. RIOTRONIC Software
RIOTRONIC SW is a 2D and 3D blast design and simulation software useful for surface
blasting applications and for tunnelling blasting. It is composed of diverse modules that will
help users in the task of designing a quality shot. This is aimed to attend MAXAM blasting
activities and projects around the world with a compromise to provide tools and technology
under the standard of TAP (Technical Applications).

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3. Operation Procedure
When using RIOTRONIC X+ to carry out a blasting plan, the procedure of the operation is
different compared to a conventional one. In this chapter, a general description of the whole
operation in the application of the RIOTRONIC X+ system can be found.
3.1. General procedure for a blast using RIOTRONIC X+
The procedure described below provides a general idea about the steps and information that
a RIOTRONIC X+ blast needs. Each part has a series of tasks that must be fulfilled.
3.1.1. Defining a blast plan
 Number of holes and number of RIOTRONIC X+ detonators.
 Timing of each detonator/borehole.
 Assignation of boreholes to each RIOTRONIC X+ Logger.
 Connection order or connection path.
3.1.2.Covering Risk Assessment
 Number of people and their function.
 Distance to the firing point.
3.1.3. Preparing the Equipment
Consider the following aspects regarding the equipment:
 Charge the batteries.
 Check the security key.
 Configure the RIOTRONIC X+ Loggers with the desired configuration:
o Name of the blast.
o Connection method.
o Programming method.
 Configure the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster.
3.1.4. Product distribution
 Distribute the corresponding number of RIOTRONIC X+ detonators per hole.
 Avoid impacts, friction, exposure to heat, naked light, electromagnetic radiation
(including mobile phones), electrostatic charges.

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 The boosters and RIOTRONIC X+ detonators must be separate from each other.
Make sure they do not drop into the hole.
3.1.5. Priming, loading and stemming the hole
 Prime the holes using the wooden cylinder provided by MAXAM to uncoil the cable.
Avoid twisting the line.
 Load and stem the holes avoiding friction between the cables and the collar of the
borehole; using a protective tool if necessary.
 Keep the connectors closed to avoid moisture inside.
 Assure the cable in the collar of the hole.
3.1.6. Programming and connecting
 Choose the corresponding connection method:
o In “Line mode”, connect the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator to the line and assign
the corresponding time.
o In “One-by-one” mode, connect each RIOTRONIC X+ detonator to the pins of
the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger and assign the corresponding time.
 Wait for the message “Detonator Programmed” to go to the next one.
 Take note of the number of detonators in the blast plan in order to easily check any
errors.
 It is recommended to write down the letter and number that are assigned to each
detonator on the Logger. This will make it easier to identify detonators on the blast
plan and their actual holes on the field.
3.1.7.Testing lines, detonators and connections
 Make sure to always use the RIOTRONIC X+ cable and the RIOTRONIC X+ bus wire
in the connections.
 If a cable or a detonator is damaged out of the collar of the hole, use the replacement
connectors to reconnect the broken lines.
 Proceed to test the lines, detonators and connections using the RIOTRONIC X+
Logger.
 Check the cables first, looking for short-circuits or open circuits.
 Measure the leakage using the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger.
 Use the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger to check the detonators for possible errors such as:
o Unconnected detonators.
o Unprogrammed detonators.
o Faulty detonators.

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3.1.8. Firing the blast
 Before firing the blast, recheck it (leakage, connected and missing detonators…) using
the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger. If an error is found on these tests do not begin the blast
procedure. Stop and solve the error first.
 NEVER use the Blaster to check the blast near the blast area. Use the Logger instead.
 Be sure that the blast area has been cleared and secured.
 Locate the firing point in a safe area and use a shelter or protection.
 Consider wind direction to avoid fumes from the blast.
 Proceed with the firing procedure:
o Secure the firing line in order to avoid the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster being
dragged by the blast-generated movement.
o Check the blast using the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger.
o Get the security key.
o Connect the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster to the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger and
download the data. If more than one RIOTRONIC X+ Logger has been used
while programming, download data from each one.
o Proceed with checking and charging.
o Once the charging operation has been completed, make sure the area is clear
and fire.
o Wait inside the protection for at least one minute to avoid fly rock. Do not
enter the blast area for at least five minutes after the blast.
3.1.9. Post blast inspection and solving cut-offs/misfires
 Make sure that fumes have disappeared.
 Check whether cut-offs or misfires have happened.
 If there are no irregular situations give the “All clear” order.
 If not, proceed with the misfire remediation procedure.
 In any case, always wait for at least FIVE minutes to step into the blast area after the
blast.
3.1.10. Blast history/record download
 Download the blast history from both the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger(s) and the
RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster(s).
 Keep them with the corresponding blast report.

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3.2. Operating procedure
3.2.1. Blasting plan
It is important to use a blast plan, as this will ensure that all detonators will be correctly
assigned their corresponding delay. This can prevent excessive ground vibration, poor
fragmentation and fly rock caused by detonators detonating out of sequence.
RIOTRONIC SW is the Blast Design and Simulation software for MAXAM electronic
detonators. It is composed of modules that will help in the design of a good shot.
It is essential to obtain blast site data before designing a blasting plan.
First, it is necessary to use 2D or 3D laser profiling to get bench profile data, which can be
used as input to the RIOTRONIC SW, and then generate a bench in the software.
Furthermore, it is needed to obtain the rock mass characterization, which can be used to
predict fragmentation.
After gathering all the information that is needed, make a blast plan (Figure 13).
Figure 13. Blast design
Print this plan to provide the Drill and Blast Engineer the necessary information and timing
of the blast holes.
Figure 14. Delay plan
If it is needed, adjust burden and spacing to meet the fragmentation needs and control the
vibration level by adjusting the delay time and MIC. Those should be done before carrying
out the blast plan.