Micron MT9V012 User manual

MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Features
Preliminary‡
PDF: 814eb99f/Source: 8175e929 Micron Technology, Inc., reserves the right to change products or specifications without notice.
MT9V012_1.fm - Rev. B 2/05 EN 1©2004 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
‡Products and specifications discussed herein are for evaluation and reference purposes only and are subject to change by Micron without notice. Products are only warranted by Micron
to meet Micron’s production data sheet specifications.
1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
PART NUMBER: MT9V012
Features
• DigitalClarity™CMOS Imaging Technology
•Highframerate
• Superior low-light performance
•Lowdarkcurrent
• Simple two-wire serial interface
• Auto black level calibration
• Operating Modes: Snapshot and flash control, high
frame rate preview, electronic panning
• Programmable Controls: Gain, frame size/rate,
exposure, left–right and top–bottom image reversal,
window size, and panning
• DataInterfaces:parallelandlow-voltagedifferential
signaling (LVDS)
• Applications
• Cellular Phones
•PCCameras
•PDAs
• Toys and other battery-powered products
General Description
The Micron®Imaging MT9V012 is an oversize VGA-
format CMOS active-pixel digital image sensor with a
pixel array of 649H x 489V. It incorporates sophisti-
cated on-chip camera functions such as windowing,
mirroring, column and row skip modes, and snapshot
mode. It is programmable through a simple two-wire
serial interface and has very low power consumption.
The VGA CMOS image sensor features DigitalClarity—
Micron’s breakthrough low-noise CMOS imaging tech-
nology that achieves CCD image quality (based on sig-
nal-to-noise ratio and low-light sensitivity) while
maintaining the inherent size, cost, and integration
advantages of CMOS.
When operated in its default mode, the sensor gener-
ates a VGA image at 30 frames per second (fps). An on-
chip analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates a 10-
bit value for each pixel. The pixel data is output on a
10-bit output bus and qualified by an output data
clock (PIXCLK), together with LINE_VALID and
FRAME_VALID signals. A FLASH output strobe is pro-
vided to allow an external Xenon or LED light source to
synchronize with thesensor exposure time. The sensor
can be programmed by the user to control the frame
size, exposure, gain setting and other parameters.
Table 1: Key Performance Parameters
Parameter Typical Value
Optical Format 1/6-inch VGA (4:3)
Active Imager Size 2.30mm(H) x 1.77mm(V),
2.88mm Diagonal
Active Pixels 640H x 480V
Pixel Size 3.6µm x 3.6µm
Color Filter Array RGB Bayer Pattern
Shutter Type Electronic Rolling Shutter (ERS)
Maximum Data Rate/
Master Clock 13.5 MPS/27 MHz
Frame
Rate VGA (640 x 480) Programmable up to 30 fps
CIF
(352 x 288) Programmable up to 60 fps
ADC Resolution 10-bit, on-chip
Responsivity 1.0 V/lux-sec (550nm)
Dynamic Range >71dB
SNRMAX 44dB
Supply
Voltage Analog 2.50V–3.10V (2.80V nominal)
I/O and
Digital 1.70V–1.90V (1.80V nominal) or 2.50V–3.10V (2.80V nominal)
Power Consumption <55mW at 2.8V, 27 MHz,
30 fps and VGA resolution
Operating
Temperature -30°C to +70°C

PDF: 814eb99f/Source: 8175e929 Micron Technology, Inc., reserves the right to change products or specifications without notice.
MT9V012TOC.fm - Rev. B 2/05 EN 2©2004 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Table of Contents
Preliminary‡
Table of Contents
Features. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .1
General Description . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .1
Functional Overview. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .6
Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .7
Default Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..7
Serial Mode . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8
Pixel Array Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .9
Default Readout Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Output Data Format (Default Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .10
Output Data Timing (Default Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .11
Output Data Format (Serial Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Output Data Timing (Serial Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Two-Wire Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .15
Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .15
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .15
Bus Idle State. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Start Bit. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .15
Stop Bit . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .15
Slave Address. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Data Bit Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Acknowledge Bit. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .16
No-Acknowledge Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .16
Page Register . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .16
Two-Wire Serial Interface Sample Write and Read Sequences. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
16-Bit Write Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .17
16-Bit Read Sequence . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .17
8-Bit Write Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .18
8-Bit Read Sequence . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .18
Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .19
Register Description . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .21
Double-Buffered Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .21
Bad Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .21
Changes to Integration Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .22
Changes to Gain Settings. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .22
Feature Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Window Control . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .32
Window Start . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .32
Window Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Pixel Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .32
Context Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .32
Readout Modes.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .33
Column Mirror Image. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Row Mirror Image . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .33
Column and Row Skip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .33
Digital Zoom. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .34
Frame Rate Control . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .35
Minimum Horizontal Blanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .35
Valid Data Signals Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .36
LINE_VALID Signal . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .36
Integration Time. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .36
Maximum Shutter Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .37

PDF: 814eb99f/Source: 8175e929 Micron Technology, Inc., reserves the right to change products or specifications without notice.
MT9V012TOC.fm - Rev. B 2/05 EN 3©2004 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Table of Contents
Preliminary‡
Flash Strobe. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .37
Analog Signal Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .38
Stage-by-Stage Transfer Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .39
VREFD . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .39
Gain Settings: G1, G2, G3. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .39
Offset Voltage: VOFFSET. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .39
Recommended Gain Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Black Level Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .40
Row-Wise Noise Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .41
Digital Signal Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .41
Output Enable Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .41
Power Saving Modes . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .42
Floating Inputs . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .42
Dark Row/Column Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Clock Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .44
Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .45
Propagation Delay for FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Propagation Delay for PIXCLK and DOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .49
Two-wire Serial Bus Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Mechanical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .52
Data Sheet Designation . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .53

PDF: 814eb99f/Source: 8175e929 Micron Technology, Inc., reserves the right to change products or specifications without notice.
MT9V012LOF.fm - Rev. B 2/05 EN 4©2004 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
List of Figures
Preliminary‡
List of Figures
Figure 1: Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .6
Figure 2: Typical Configuration: Default Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .7
Figure 3: Typical Configuration: Serial Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8
Figure 4: Pixel Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .9
Figure 5: Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .9
Figure 6: Imaging a Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .10
Figure 7: Spatial Illustration of Image Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .10
Figure 8: Pixel Data Timing Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .11
Figure 9: Row Timing and FRAME_VALID/LINE_VALID Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .11
Figure 10: Start of Frame: Serial Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .13
Figure 11: Start of Line: Serial Mode . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .14
Figure 12: Timing Diagram Showing a Write to Reg0x09, Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Figure 13: Timing Diagram Showing a Read from Reg0x09; Returned Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .17
Figure 14: Timing Diagram Showing a Write to Reg0x09, Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Figure 15: Timing Diagram Showing a Read from Reg0x09; Returned Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .18
Figure 16: Six Pixels in Normal and Column Mirror Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .33
Figure 17: Six Rows in Normal and Row Mirror Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .33
Figure 18: Eight Pixels in Normal and Column Skip 2X Readout Modes . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Figure 19: Sixteen Pixels in Normal and Column Skip 4X Readout Modes . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .34
Figure 20: Eight Pixels in Normal and Zoom 2X Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .34
Figure 21: LINE_VALID Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Figure 22: Xenon Flash Enabled . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .37
Figure 23: LED Flash Enabled . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Figure 24: LED Flash Enabled Following Forced Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .38
Figure 25: Analog Signal Path . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Figure 26: Propagation Delay for FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .49
Figure 27: Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and DOUT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .49
Figure 28: Serial Host Interface Start Condition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Figure 29: Serial Host Interface Stop Condition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Figure 30: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Write . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Figure 31: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .50
Figure 32: Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit Write to the Sensor . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Figure 33: Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit Read from the Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .51
Figure 34: Typical Spectral Characteristics . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .51
Figure 35: Image Center Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .52

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MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
List of Tables
Preliminary‡
List of Tables
Table 1: Key Performance Parameters. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .1
Table 2: Functional Mode Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .7
Table 3: Frame Time . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .12
Table 4: Frame—Long Integration Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Table 5: Register List and Default Value . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .19
Table 6: Register Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .23
Table 7: Offset Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .40
Table 8: Recommended Gain Settings. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .40
Table 9: Output Enable Control . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Table 10: Signal State During Standby. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .42
Table 11: On-chip Pull-ups/Pull-downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .43
Table 12: DC Electrical Characteristics: 2.50V–3.10V . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Table 13: DC Electrical Characteristics: 1.70V–1.90V . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Table 14: AC Electrical Characteristics: 2.50V–3.10V . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Table 15: AC Electrical Characteristics: 1.70V–1.90V . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

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MT9V012_2.fm - Rev. B 2/05 EN 6©2004 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Functional Overview
Preliminary‡
Figure 1: Block Diagram
Functional Overview
TheMT9V012 is a progressive-scan sensor that generatesastreamofpixeldataqualified
by LINE_VALID and FRAME_VALID signals. It uses an input master clock of 27 MHz
(nominal). The data rate (pixel clock) is one half of the master clock frequency, which
means that one pixel is generated every two master clock cycles. Figure 1 shows the sen-
sor block diagram.
The coreof the sensor is an active-pixel array. The timing and control circuitry
sequences through the rows of the array, resetting and then reading each row in turn. In
the time interval between resetting a row and reading that row, the pixels in that row
integrate incident light. The exposure is controlled by varying the time interval between
reset and readout. Once a row has been read, the data from the columns is sequenced
through an analog signal chain (providing offset correction and gain), and then through
an ADC. The output from the ADC is a 10-bit valuefor each pixel in the array. The ADC
output passes through a digital processing signal chain (which provides further offset
correction, applies digital gain, and may perform pixel defect correction).
The pixel array contains optically active andlight shielded (“black”) pixels. The black
pixels are used to provide data for on-chip offset correction algorithms (“black level”
control).
The sensor contains a set of 16-bit control and status registers that can be used to con-
trol many aspects of the sensor behavior. These registers can be accessed through a two-
wire serial interface. In this document, registers are specified either by name (e.g., col-
umn start) or by register address (e.g., Reg0x04). Fields within a register are specified by
bit or by bit range (e.g., Reg0x20[0] or Reg0x0B[13:0]). Table 6, RegisterDescription, on
page 23, describes the control and status registers.
The output from the sensor is a Bayer pattern: alternate rows are a sequence of either
green/red pixels or blue/green pixels. The offset and gain stages of the analog signal
chain provide per-color control of the pixel data.
The MT9V012 supports two different functional modes of operation:
• Default mode: the sensor generates a VGA-sized image by default, with 10 parallel
data outputs per pixel, and separate LINE_VALID, FRAME_VALID, and PIXCLK out-
puts. All timing control is performed on-chip.
• Serialmode: the sensor generatesa VGA-sized image by default. Pixel data,
LINE_VALID, and FRAME_VALID are encoded into a single serial data stream that
uses a two-signal low-voltage differential signalling (LVDS) interface. All timing con-
trol is performed on-chip.
Active-Pixel
Sensor (APS)
Array
Serial
I/O
Data
Out
Sync
Signals
Timing and Control
Control Register
Analog Processing ADC

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MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Operating Modes
Preliminary‡
Operating Modes
The functional operating mode of the MT9V012 is controlled by the MODE1 and
MODE0 inputs (Table 2). These inputsshould be driven to a static logic 1 or static logic 0
level during normal operation.
Default Mode This section shows a typical configuration schematic for the MT9V012 operating in
default mode.
Figure 2: Typical Configuration: Default Mode
Notes: 1. All power supplies should be adequately decoupled.
2. Resistor value 1.5KΩis recommended, but may be greater for slower two-wire speed.
3. This pull-up resistor is not required if the controller drives a valid logic level on SCLK at all
times.
Table 2: Functional Mode Selection
Mode1 Mode0 Description
00
Selects default mode
01
Selects serial mode
10
Not used
11
Not used
VDD VAA VAAPIX
MASTER CLOCK
(27 MHz)
10µF
1.5KΩ2
1.5KΩ2, 3
STANDBY
S DATA
SCLK
RESET#
TEST
FRAME_VALID
FLASH
PIXCLK
LINE_VALID
DOUT(9:0)
CLKIN
MODE1
MODE0
1KΩ
DGND AGND
Digital
Ground Analog
Ground
Digital
Power1Analog
Power1
To
Controller
From
Controller

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MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Operating Modes
Preliminary‡
Serial Mode This section shows a typical configuration schematic, including theball diagram and
ball description, for the MT9V012 operating in serial mode. This mode operates only at
2.5V to 3.1V VDD range.
Figure 3: Typical Configuration: Serial Mode
Notes: 1. All power supplies should be adequately decoupled.
2. Resistor value 1.5KΩis recommended, but may be greater for slower two-wire speed.
3. This pull-up resistor is not required if the controller drives a valid logic level on SCLK at all
times.
4. Connect to digital ground directly or through a 10K resistor. Some of these signals have
on-die pull-down resistors in this mode and could be left unconnected.
VDD VAA VAAPIX
MASTER CLOCK
(162 MHz)
10µF
1.5KΩ2
1.5KΩ2, 3
STANDBY
S DATA
SCLK
RESET#
TEST
FRAME_VALID4
LINE_VALID4
DOUT (9:0)4
CLKIN
MODE1
MODE0
1KΩ
DGND AGND
Digital
Ground
Digital
Ground Analog
Ground
Digital
Power1Analog
Power1
From
Controller
DOUTN
FLASH
DOUTPTo
Controller

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MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Pixel Array Structure
Preliminary‡
Pixel Array Structure
The MT9V012 pixel array is configured as 695 columns by 504 rows (shown in Figure4).
The first 34 columns and the first 14 rows of pixels are optically black, and are used for
the automatic black level adjustment (“Black Level Calibration” on page 40). The last 12
columns and the last row of pixels are also optically black. The optically active pixels are
used as follows:
A VGA image (640 columns by 480 rows) is generated, starting at row 18, column 38. A
four-pixelboundaryofactivepixelscan be enabledaroundthe image to avoidboundary
effects during color interpolation and correction. An additional row and column of
active pixels is also provided for use during horizontally- and/or vertically mirrored
readout. During mirrored readout, the region of active pixels that is used to generate the
image is offset by one pixel in each mirrored direction so that the readout always starts
on the same color pixel.
Figure 4: Pixel Array
The MT9V012 uses a Bayer color pattern, as shown in Figure 5. The even-numbered
rows contain green and red color pixels; odd-numbered rows contain blue and green
color pixels. Even-numbered columns contain green and blue color pixels; odd-num-
bered columns contain red and green color pixels.
Figure 5: Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner)
34 black columns
1 black row
14 black rows (0,0)
12 black columns
Oversize VGA
(640 x 480)
+ 4 pixel border
+1 row/column for mirroring
= 649 x 489 active pixels
Black Pixels
Column Readout Direction
.
.
.
...
Row
Readout
Direction
G1
B
G1
B
G1
B
R
G2
R
G2
R
G2
G1
B
G1
B
G1
B
R
G2
R
G2
R
G2
G1
B
G1
B
G1
B
R
G2
R
G2
R
G2
G1
B
G1
B
G1
B
Pixel
(34,14)

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MT9V012 - 1/6-Inch VGA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
Output Data Format (Default Mode)
Preliminary‡
Default Readout Order
By convention, the MT9V012 pixel array is shown with pixel (0,0) in the top right-hand
corner (see Figure 5). This reflects the actual layout of the array on the die. When the
sensor is imaging, the active surface of the sensor faces the scene, as shown in Figure 6.
When the image is read out of the sensor, it is read onerow at a time, with the rows and
columns sequenced as shown in Figure 5. By convention, data from the sensor is shown
with the first pixel read out—pixel (34,14) in the case of the MT9V012—in the top left-
hand corner (Figure 7).
Figure 6: Imaging a Scene
Output Data Format (Default Mode)
The MT9V012 image data is read out in a progressive scan. In default mode, valid image
data is surrounded by horizontal blanking and vertical blanking, as shown in Figure 7.
Theamountof horizontal blankingandverticalblankingisprogrammable;LINE_VALID
isHIGHduringtheshadedregionof the figure.FRAME_VALIDtimingisdescribedinthe
next section.
Figure 7: Spatial Illustration of Image Readout
Lens
Pixel (0,0)
Row
Readout
Order
Column Readout Order
Scene
Sensor (rear view)
P
0,0
P
0,1
P
0,2
.....................................P
0,n-1
P
0,n
P
1,0
P
1,1
P
1,2
.....................................P
1,n-1
P
1,n
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
P
m-1,0
P
m-1,1
.....................................P
m-1,n-1
P
m-1,n
P
m,0
P
m,1
.....................................P
m,n-1
P
m,n
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
VALID IMAGE HORIZONTAL
BLANKING
VERTICAL BLANKING VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
BLANKING