Mondolfo Ferro As 944 LL User manual

As 944 LL
Code 4-132824A - 11/2017
Operator’s manual
Manuel d’utilisation
[email protected]
www.mondolfoferro.it

2 AS 944 LL User Manual
ORIGINAL LANGUAGE
Copyrighted materials. All rights reserved.
The information contained herein may be subject to modifications without prior notice.
Thank you for choosing our Tyre Changer
MONDOLFO
Dear Purchaser
Thank you for purchasing your MONDOLFO Tyre Changer.
Your Tyre Changer has been designed to provide years of safe and dependable service,
as long as it is used and maintained in accordance with the instructions provided in this
manual.
All persons who will use and/or maintain this Tyre Changer must read, understand and
follow all warnings and instructions provided in this manual, and be properly trained.
This Owner’s Manual should be considered an internal part of your Tyre Changer and
should remain with the Tyre Changer. However, nothing in this manual, and none of the
devices installed on the Tyre Changer, substitute for proper training, careful operation,
good judgement and safe work practices.
Always be sure that your Tyre Changer is in optimum working order. If you suspect that
anything is not working properly, or that a dangerous situation may exist, immediately
shut down the Tyre Changer and remedy any condition before you proceed.
If you have any questions concerning the proper use or maintenance of your Tyre Changer,
please call your authorized MONDOLFO representative.
Sincerely,
MONDOLFO
OWNER INFORMATION
Owner
Name_______________________________________________________________
Owner
Address_____________________________________________________________
Model
Number_____________________________________________________________
Serial
Number_____________________________________________________________
Date
Purchased___________________________________________________________
Date
Installed ____________________________________________________________
Service and Parts
Representative_______________________________________________________
Phone
Number_____________________________________________________________
Sales
Representative_______________________________________________________
Phone
Number_____________________________________________________________

AS 944 LL User Manual 3
TRAINING CHECKLIST
Trained Declined
Safety Precautions
Warning and Caution Labels
Pinch Points and Other Potential Hazards
Safe Operating Procedures
Maintenance and Performance Checks
Mounting Head Inspection
Adjustment and Lubrication
Maintenance, errors and instructions
Clamping
Steel / Alloy Wheels
Reverse Drop Centre Wheels
Steel Jaw Internal/External Clamping
Bead Breaking
Standard Wheels
Low Profile Wheels
Demounting
Standard Wheels with Bead Lever and Plastic Sleeve Protector
Full Seating of Mount/Demount Head to Prevent Head Failure
Bead Lubrication During Removal of Low Profile Tyres
Reverse Drop Centre Wheels
Mounting
Standard Wheels
Mounting of Stiff, Low Profile Tyres
Reverse Drop Centre Wheels
Proper Bead Lubrication for Mounting Protection
Inflation
Safety Precautions
Lubrication and Removal of Valve Core
Bead Sealing and Seating

4 AS 944 LL User Manual
Individuals and Dates Trained
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

AS 944 LL User Manual 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GETTING STARTED .........................................................................7
1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................7
1.1.a. Purpose of the manual .......................................................................................7
1.2 FOR YOUR SAFETY .........................................................................................7
1.2.a. General warning and instructions .....................................................................8
1.2.b. Decal placement...............................................................................................11
1.2.c. Electrical and pneumatic connections............................................................15
1.2.d. Technical data ...................................................................................................16
1.2.e. Air pressures......................................................................................................17
1.3 SPECIAL RIM/TYRE CONSIDERATIONS......................................................18
1.4 INTENDED USE OF THE MACHINE............................................................18
1.5 EMPLOYEE TRAINING..................................................................................18
1.6 PRE-USE CHECKS.........................................................................................18
1.7 DURING USE..................................................................................................19
2. TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND HANDLING..................................19
3. UNPACKING/ASSEMBLY ...............................................................20
4. HOISTING/HANDLING..................................................................22
4.1 INSTALLATION CLEARANCES.....................................................................22
5. AS 944 TI DESCRIPTION................................................................23
5.1 OPERATOR POSITION...................................................................................24
5.2 OVERALL DIMENSIONS...............................................................................24
5.3 EQUIPMENT COMPONENTS .......................................................................25
6. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES ............................................................27
7. BASIC PROCEDURES - USE ..........................................................27
7.1 PRELIMINARY CHECKS................................................................................28
7.2 DECIDING FROM WHICH SIDE OF THE WHEEL THE TYRE MUST BE .....
DEMOUNTED ................................................................................................28

6 AS 944 LL User Manual
7.3 BEAD BREAKING ..........................................................................................29
7.4 CLAMPING THE WHEEL ..............................................................................31
7.5 DEMOUNTING THE WHEEL........................................................................33
7.6 MOUNTING THE WHEEL .............................................................................35
7.7 TYRES INFLATION.........................................................................................36
7.7.a. Safety indications..............................................................................................36
7.7.b. Inflating tyres.....................................................................................................37
7.7.c. Inflating tubeless tyres .....................................................................................39
8. TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................................41
9. MAINTENANCE..............................................................................44
10. INFORMATION ABOUT SCRAPPING..........................................46
11. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION............................................46
12. INFORMATION AND WARNINGS CONCERNING HYDRAULIC
FLUID ............................................................................................... 47
13. FIREFIGHTING MEANS USABLE ...............................................48
14. GLOSSARY ....................................................................................48
15. GENERAL ELECTRIC LAYOUT DIAGRAMS...............................52
16. PNEUMATIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM................................................56

AS 944 LL User Manual 7
1. GETTING STARTED
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.a. PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL
The purpose of this manual is to provide the instructions necessary for optimum operation,
use and maintenance of your machine. If you sell this machine, please deliver this manual
to the new owner. In addition, so we can contact our customers with any necessary safety
information, please ask the new owner to complete and return to MONDOLFO the change of
ownership form attached to the previous page of this manual. Alternatively, the new owner
can send an email to [email protected].
This manual presumes that the technician has a thorough understanding of rim and tyre
identification and service. He/she must also have a thorough knowledge of the operation
and safety features of all associated tools (such as the rack, lift, or floor jack) being utilized,
and have the proper hand and power tools necessary to work in a safe manner.
The first section provides the basic information to safely operate the AS 944 TI tyre changer
family. The following sections contain detailed information about equipment, procedures,
and maintenance. “Italics” are used to refer to specific parts of this manual that provide
additional information or explanation.
Thesereferencesshouldbereadforadditionalinformationtotheinstructionsbeing presented.
The owner of the tyre changer is solely responsible for enforcing safety procedures and
arranging technical training. The tyre changer is to be operated only by a qualified and
trained technician. Maintaining records of personnel trained is solely the responsibility of
the owner or management.
The AS 944 TI tyre changer family is intended for mounting, demounting, and inflating tyres
of lightweight vehicles (cars, not trucks or motorcycles) with maximum dimensions of 41
inches in diameter and 14 inches in width.
Copies of this manual and of the documents accompanying the machine may be obtained
from MONDOLFO by specifying the type of machine and its serial number.
NOTICE: Design details are subject to change. Some illustrations may vary slightly in ap-
pearance from the machine you have.
1.2 FOR YOUR SAFETY
HAZARD DEFINITIONS
These symbols identify situations that could be detrimental to your safety and/or cause
equipment damage.
DANGER: Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.
DANGER

8 AS 944 LL User Manual
WARNING: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
CAUTION: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may
result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION
NOTICE: Used without the safety alert symbol, indicates a potentially hazardous
situation, which, if not avoided, may result in property damage.
NOTICE
1.2.a. GENERAL WARNING AND INSTRUCTIONS
Avoid Personal Injury. Carefully read, understand and follow the warnings and instructions given in this manual.
This manual is an essential part of the product. Keep it with the machine in a safe place for future reference.
WARNING
1. If the use and maintenance procedures provided in this manual are not properly
performed, or the other instructions in this manual are not followed, an accident could
occur. Throughout this manual reference is made that “an accident” could occur. Any
accident could cause you or a bystander to sustain severe personal injury or death, or
result in property damage.
2. Overinflated tyres can explode, producing hazardous flying debris that may result in
an accident.
3. Tyres and rims that are not the same diameter are “mismatched.” Never attempt to
mount or inflate any tyre and rim that are mismatched. For example, never mount a
16.5” tyre on a 16” rim and vice versa. This is very dangerous. A mismatched tyre and
rim could explode, resulting in an accident.

AS 944 LL User Manual 9
4. Never exceed the bead setting pressure provided by the
tyre manufacturer, as stated on the sidewall of the tyre.
Carefully monitor the gauge on the air hose.
5. If tires being mounted require more than the tire manu-
facturer’s maximum bead seating pressure and , the wheel
should be removed from the tire changer, placed in an
inflation cage, and inflated per manufacturer’s instructions
6.
The use of inflation devices (e.g. guns) connected to
power sources outside of the machine is not permitted
7. Never place your head or any part of your body over a tyre during the inflation process
or when attempting to seat beads. This machine is not intended to be a restraining
device for exploding tyres, tubes or rims.
8. Always stand back from the tyre changer when inflating, never lean over.
An exploding tyre and rim may be propelled upward and outward with enough force to cause
serious injury or death.
Never mount any tyre unless the tyre size (molded into the sidewall) matches the rim size
(stamped into the rim) exactly or if the rim or tyre are defective.
Never exceed the tyre pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer.
This tyre changer is not a safety device and will not restrain exploding tyres and rims. Keep
the area clear of bystanders.
DANGER
9. Crushing Hazard. Moving Parts Present. Contact with moving parts could result in an
accident.
• Only one operator may work with the machine at a time.
• Keep all bystanders clear of tyre changer.
• Keep hands and ngers clear of rim edge during the demounting
and mounting process.
• Keep hands and ngers clear of mount/demount head during
operation.
• Keep hands, feet and other body parts away from moving parts.
• Do not use tools other than those supplied with tyre changer.
• Use proper tyre lubricate to prevent tyre binding.
• Pay attention while moving tyre/rim or lever.
Avoid Personal Injury. Carefully read, understand and follow the warnings and instructions given in this manual.
This manual is an essential part of the product. Keep it with the machine in a safe place for future reference.
WARNING

10 AS 944 LL User Manual
10. Electric Shock Hazard.
• Never hose down or power wash electric tyre changers.
• Do not operate the machine with a damaged power cord
• If an extension cord is necessary, a cord with a current rating equal to
or greater than that of the machine must be used. Cords rated for less
current than the machine can overheat, resulting in a fire.
• Care should be taken to arrange the cord so that it will not be tripped
over or pulled.
11. Risk of Eye Injury. Flying debris, dirt and fluids may be discharged
during bead seating and the inflation process. Remove any debris from
the tyre tread and wheel surfaces. Wear OSHA, CE or other approved
safety glasses during mount and demount procedures.
12.Alwaysinspectthemachine carefully beforeusingit. Missing,broken,
orwornequipment(includingwarningstickers)mustberepairedorreplaced prior to operation.
13. Never leave nuts, bolts, tools or other equipment on the machine. They may become
trapped between moving parts and cause a malfunction.
14. NEVER install or inflate tyres that are cut, damaged, rotten or worn. NEVER install a tyre
on a cracked, bent, rusted, worn, deformed or damaged rim.
15. If a tyre becomes damaged during the mounting process, do not attempt to finish mount-
ing. Remove from the service area and properly mark the tyre as damaged.
16. To inflate tyres, use short bursts while carefully monitoring the pressure, tyre, rim and
bead. NEVER exceed the tyre manufacturer’s pressure limits.
17. This equipment has internal arcing or sparking parts which should not be exposed to
flammable vapours (gasoline, paint thinners, solvents, etc.). This machine should not be
located in a recessed area or below floor level.
18. Never operate the machine if you are under the effects of alcohol,
medications and/or drugs. If you are taking prescription or over the
counter medication, you must consult a medical professional regard-
ing any side effects of the medication that could hinder your ability to
operate the machine safely.
19. Always use OSHA, CE or other approved and mandated Personal Pro-
tective Equipment (PPE) during use of the machine. See your supervisor
for more instructions.
20. Remove jewellery, watches, loose clothing, ties and restrain long hair
before using the machine.
21. Wear non-slip safety footwear when operating the tyre changer.
22. Wear proper back support and employ a proper lifting technique
when placing, moving, lifting or removing wheels from the tyre changer.

AS 944 LL User Manual 11
23. This machine may only be used, maintained or repaired by properly trained employees
of your company. Repairs should only be performed by qualified personnel. Your MON-
DOLFO service representative is the most qualified person. The employer is responsible
for determining if an employee is qualified to safely make any repairs to the machine should
repair be attempted by users.
24. The user should understand all warning decals affixed to this equipment before operating.
25. DO NOT lock the rim on the turntable during inflation.
1.2.b. DECAL PLACEMENT
No. Part Number Drawing Description
1
4-325594 DECAL, MONDOLFO LOGO
(FRONT SIDE)
2
4-325596 DECAL, MONDOLFO LOGO
(LEFT SIDE)
3
4-102679 DECAL, AS 944 TI 2V
4
35019950 DECAL, PEDALS CONTROL
5
446442 DECAL, WARNING UNDER
PRESSURE TANK
635013986 DECAL, WORKING PRESSURE
7
446598 DECAL, DISCONNECT POWER
SUPPLY
8
35017100 DECAL, CRASHING HAZARD
9
418135 DECAL, DIRECTION OF ROTA-
TION

12 AS 944 LL User Manual
No. Part Number Drawing Description
10 4-325629 DECAL, ERGO LINE
11
35017099 DECAL, TILTING BACK
HAZARD
12
35024870 DECAL, SAFETY INSTRUC-
TIONS
13
435150 DECAL, INFLATING PEDAL
14
4-102662 DECAL, CONTROL HANDLE
15 446388 DECAL, CORRECT FEEDING
NETWORK
16
446431 DECAL, HAND/FOOT
CRUSHING HAZARD
17
35023276 DECAL, EXPLOSION HAZARD
18
425211 DECAL, ELECTRIC HAZARD
19 446436 DECAL, INFLATION VALVE
20
ISO9001
Code
Serial N.
X-XXXXXXXX/XX - XX
XXXXXXXXX
QUAL. SYS. CERTIFIED
ANNO DI COSTRUZIONE /
MANUFACTURED
Mod.
V
A
kW
Hz
Ph
bar7psi
Port.max
DECAL, MODEL SERIAL NUM-
BER
21 4-103904 DECAL,LEVERLESSCONTROL

AS 944 LL User Manual 13
DANGER WARNING DECALS
part nr 35017100. Crushing Hazard.
part nr 446431. Crushing hazard.
part nr 35017099. Never stand rear the machine.
1
5
6
7
8
9
11
19
14
15
16
18
2
3
4
10
12
13
17
20
1
3
8
10
11
14 21

14 AS 944 LL User Manual
Only one operator may operate and use the machine.
part nr 446442. EXPLOSION HAZARD. Do not puncture
Danger - pressurised container.
part nr 425211A. Risk of electrical shock.
part nr 35024870. Safety instructions.
part nr 3502376. Crushing hazard.
part nr 425083. Earth ground terminal.
1.2.c. ELECTRICAL AND PNEUMATIC
CONNECTIONS
The dimensions of the electric hook-up used
must be suitably sized in relation to:
• the electric power absorbed by the machine,
indicated on its data plate (Fig. 1);
• the distance between the machine and the
ISO9001
Code
Serial N.
X-XXXXXXXX/XX - XX
XXXXXXXXX
QUAL. SYS. CERTIFIED
ANNO DI COSTRUZIONE /
MANUFACTURED
Mod.
V
A
kW
Hz
Ph
bar7psi
Port.max
2

AS 944 LL User Manual 15
powersupplyhook-up point, sothatvoltagedrops
under full load do not exceed 4% (10% during start-
up) compared with the rated voltage specified on
the data plate.
- The operator must:
• t a power plug on the power supply lead in
compliance with the relevant safety standards;
• connect the machine to its own electrical con-
nection - A, Fig. 2 - and fit a differential safety
circuit-breaker with 30 mA residual current;
• t fuses to protect the power supply line, rated
as indicated on the general wiring diagram in this
manual;
• connect the machine to an industrial socket;
the machine must not be connected to domestic
sockets.
An effective grounding connection is essential for correct operation of the machine.
NOTICE
Make sure the available pressure and the rendered capacity of the compressed air system
arecompatiblewiththoserequiredfor correct machineoperation-seethe“TechnicalData”
section. For correct machine operation, the compressed air supply line must provide a
pressure range from no less than 8.5 bar to no more than 16 bar and guarantee an air flow
rate greater than the average consumption of the machine, which is equal to 187 Nl/min.
For correct equipment operation, the air produced must be suitably treated (not
above 5/4/4 according to ISO 8573-1)
NOTICE
Check that the Lubricator unit B fig. 2a contains air
lubricating oil; top up if necessary. Use SAE20 oil.
Thecustomermust provide anair cut-off valveupstre-
am of the air treatment and regulator device supplied
with the machine.
2
A
2a
B

16 AS 944 LL User Manual
Before making the electrical and pneumatic hook-ups,
make sure that the machine is configured as described
below:
- pedals A and B (if present) in fully depressed
position.
- column C vertical (not tilted).
DANGER
1.2.d TECHNICAL DATA
- Turntable clamping capacity
- internal clamping.................................................................................................... from 13”
- external clamping........................................................................................ from 10” to 24”
- Rim width ........................................................................................................ from 3.5” to 14”
- Maximum tire diameter................................................................................... 1040 mm (41”)
- Maximum tire width ........................................................................................... 360 mm (14”)
- Bead breaker aperture: ................................................................... from 45 mm to 300 mm
- Bead breaking force ...............................................................................15000 N (pressure 10 bar)
- Operating pressure ...................................................................................................8 - 10 bar
- Air operating flow ...............................................................................187 Nl/min (minimum)
- Power supply voltage ..................................................................................see table below
- Weight............................................................................................................................. 288 Kg
-Noise levels in operating conditions .................................................................< 70 dB (A)
Thenoiselevels indicated correspondto emission levelsanddo not necessarilyrepresent safe
operatinglevels.Although there isarelationshipbetween emission levelsandexposurelevels,
this cannot be used reliably to establish whether or not further precautions are necessary. The
factors which determine the level of exposure to which the operator is subject to include the
duration of the exposure, the characteristics of the workplace, other sources of noise, etc. The
permitted exposure levels may also vary according to the country. However, this information
will enable machine users to make a more accurate assessment of hazards and risks.
A
B
C

AS 944 LL User Manual 17
Model Motor rating kW Rotation
speed
rpm
Torque
Nm
Weight of electric/
electronic part kg
As 944 LL
400Volt/3ph 50Hz 0.75 8.5 1200 11.5
200/230Volt/3ph 60Hz 0.75 8.5 1200 11.5
200/230Volt/3ph 50Hz 0.75 8.5 1200 11.5
200/230Volt/1ph 50Hz 0.75 8.5 800 11.5
200/230Volt/1ph 60Hz 0.75 8.5 800 11.5
115Volt/1ph 60Hz 0.75 8.5 800 11.5
200/230Volt/1ph 50/60Hz DV 0.75 6-15 1200 10.2
115Volt/1ph 60Hz DV 0.75 6-15 1200 10.2
400Volt/3ph 50Hz DV
0.9/1,25 6-12 900 11.6
AIR MOTOR / 6.5 800 /
1.2.e. AIR PRESSURES
The machine is equipped with an internal pressure limiting valve to minimize the risk of
over inflating the tyre.
•EXPLOSION HAZARD
•Never exceed the tyre pressure recommended by the tyre
manufacturer. Never mismatch tyre size and rim size.
•Avoid personal injury or death
DANGER
1. Never exceed these pressure limitations:
• Supply line pressure (from compressor) is 220 psi (15 bar).
• Operating pressure (gauge on regulator) is 145 psi (10 bar).
Bead setting pressure (gauge on hose) is the tyre manufacturer’s maximum pressure as
stated on the sidewall of the tyre
2. Activate air inflation jets only when sealing the bead.
3. Bleed air pressure system before disconnecting supply line or other pneumatic
components. Air is stored in a reservoir for operation of inflation jets.
4. Only activate the air inflation jets if the rim securing device is locked in place and
the tyre is properly clamped (when possible).

18 AS 944 LL User Manual
1.3. SPECIAL RIM/TYRE CONSIDERATIONS
Wheels equipped with low tyre pressure sensors or special tyre and rim designs may require
special procedures. Consult wheels and tyre manufacturers' service manuals.
NOTICE
1.4. INTENDED USE OF THE MACHINE
This machine must be used only to remove and replace an automotive tyre on an automo-
tive rim, using the tools with which it is equipped. Any other use is improper and can result
in an accident.
The machine can not work on motorcycle wheels.
1.5. EMPLOYEE TRAINING
1. The employer is obligated to provide a programme to train all employees who service rim
wheels in the hazards involved in servicing those rim wheels and the safety procedures to be
followed. Service or servicing means the mounting and demounting of rim wheels, and related
activities such as inflating, deflating, installing, removing and handling.
• The employer shall insure that no employee services any rim wheel unless the employee
has been trained and instructed in correct procedures of servicing the type of wheel being
serviced, and in safe operating procedures.
• Information to be used in the training programme shall include, at a minimum, the applicable
information contained in this manual.
2. The employer shall ensure that each employee demonstrates and maintains the ability to
service rim wheels safely, including performance of the following tasks:
• Demounting tyres (including deation).
• Inspecting and identifying rim wheel components.
• Mounting tyres.
• Using any restraining device, cage, barrier, or other installation.
• Handling rim wheels.
• Inating the tyre.
• Understanding the necessity to stand back from the tyre changer during tyre ination and
during inspection of the rim wheel following inflation, never leaning over.
• Installing and removing rim wheels.
3. The employer shall evaluate each employee’s ability to perform these tasks and to service
rim wheels safely, and shall provide additional training as necessary to assure that each em-
ployee maintains his or her proficiency.
1.6. PRE-USE CHECKS
Before beginning work, carefully check that all components of the machine, especially rub-
ber or plastic parts, are in place, in good condition and working properly. If the inspection
reveals any damage or excessive wear, no matter how slight, immediately replace or repair
the component.

AS 944 LL User Manual 19
1.7. DURING USE
Intheevent you hearanystrange noise orfeelunusual vibration, ifacomponent or systemisnot
operating properly, or if there is anything unusual at all, stop using the machine immediately.
• Identify the cause and take any necessary remedial action.
• Contact your supervisor if necessary.
Never allow any bystander to be within 20 feet of the machine during operation.
To stop the machine in an emergency:
• disconnect the power supply plug;
• cut off the compressed air supply network by disconnecting the shut-off valve (snap coupling).
2. TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND HANDLING
Conditions for transporting the machine
The tyre changer must be transported in its original packing and stowed in the position shown
on the packing itself.
- Packing dimensions:
• width ............................................................................................................................... 1120 mm
• depth .............................................................................................................................. 1000 mm
• height ................................................................................................................................ 970 mm
- Weight of carton packing: ....................................................................................................313kg
Machine storage and shipping specifications
Temperature: -25° - +55°C.
Do not stack other goods on top of the packing or damage may result.
NOTICE
Handling
To move the packing, insert the tines of a fork-lift truck into the slots on the base of the pack-
ing itself (pallet) (Fig.3).
Before moving the machine, refer to the HOISTING/HANDLING section.
3

20 AS 944 LL User Manual
Keep the original packing in good conditions to be used if the equipment has to be
shipped in the future.
NOTICE
3. UNPACKING/ASSEMBLY
Take the utmost care when unpacking, assembling, hoisting and installing the
machine as described below. Failure to observe these instructions can damage the
machine and compromise the operator’s safety.
WARNING
Before removing the machine from the pallet, make shure the items showed below have
been removed from the pallet.
NOTICE
- Remove the upper part of the packing and make sure that the machine has not suffered
damage in transit; identify the points at which the machine is anchored to the pallet.
- The machine comprises five main units (fig.4):
1head
2 column guard
3 box with pressure
gauge and standard
equipment
4 air tank
5 body
- After removing the tower 1, it is advisable to place it in a horizontal position to prevent it
from falling and getting damaged.
4