Motic BA410 Series User manual

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We are constantly endeavouring to improve our instruments and to adapt them to the
requirements of modern research techniques and testing methods. This involves
modification to the mechanical structure and optical design of our instruments.
Therefore, all descriptions and illustrations in this instruction manual, including all
specifications are subject to change without notice.

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INFINITY CORRECTED OPTICS
In this optical concept the light beams are parallel after leaving the objective in the
direction of the eyepieces. A second optical element, the tube lens (normally located in
the eyepiece tube) is used to converge the parallel beams, resulting in an intermediate
image. The intermediate image is focussed by the eyepieces, to provide the real image
for visual observation.
The implementation of a tube lens gives the opportunity to minimize chromatic
aberrations and other “optical defects”. Further, in “Infinity Optics” the distance between
the objective and tube lens is not as strictly fixed as in the (historically older) “Finite
Optics” of 160mm tube length.
This allows additional optical components to be inserted between the objective and tube
head.
Fluorescence attachments, discussion bridges, eye level risers and other options can be
added without affecting the image quality.
In general “Infinity Optics” provides flexibility and the opportunity to add additional
optional features.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
I Nomenclature 4
II Setting up the instrument 7
Operating environment 7
III Assembling the microscope 7
Verifying Input voltage 7
1 Mechanical stage 8
2 Specimen holder 8
3 Objectives 8
4 Condenser 9
5 Eyepiece tube 9
6 Eyepieces 10
7 Illumination 10
8 Filters 11
9 Power cord 12
IV Microscopy 12
1 Coarse and fine focusing 12
2 Coarse focus torque adjustment 12
3 Coarse focus quick stop 13
4 Stage upper limit stop adjustment 13
5 Beam splitter lever 14
6 Interpupillary distance adjustment 15
7 Diopter adjustment 15
8 Centering the condenser 16
9 Use of aperture diaphragm 17
10 Use of field diaphragm 18
11 Brightness and contrast adjustment 18
V Photomicrographic procedure 19
VI Using Oil Immersion Objectives 20
VII Troubleshooting Table 21
VIII Care and maintenance 23
IX Warning label 26

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I. Nomenclature
MOTIC BA410 (30W Halogen)

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MOTIC BA410 (Trinocular) 30W Halogen

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MOTIC BA410 30W Halogen

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II. Setting up the instrument
Avoid placing the instrument in locations exposed to direct sunlight, dust, vibration, high
temperature, high humidity and where it is difficult to unplug the power supply cord.
Operating environment
yIndoor use
yAltitude: Max 2000 meters
yAmbient temperature: 15°C to 35°C
yMaximum relative humidity: 75% for temperature up to 31ºC decreasing linearly to
50% relative humidity at 40ºC
ySupply voltage fluctuations: Not to exceed ±10% of the normal voltage
yPollution degree: 2 (in according with IEC60664)
yInstallation / Overvoltage category: 2 (in according with IEC60664)
yAir Pressure of 75kPa to 106kPa
yAvoid frost, dew, percolating water, and rain
III. Assembling the microscope
Verifying Input voltage
yThe automatic voltage selection works with a broad range of settings. However,
always use a power cord that is rated for the voltage used in your area and that has
been approved to meet local safety standards. Using the wrong power cord could
cause fire or equipment damage.
yIf using an extension cord, use only a power supply cord with a protective earth (PE)
wire.
yIn order to prevent electric shock, always turn the power supply off before connecting
the power cord.

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yElectrical Specifications:
30W Halogen Bulb
Input: 90-240V~, 80VA, 50-60Hz
Bulb: 6V 30W Halogen
Fuse: 250V T2.5A (If the original fuse is blown, please replace with specified fuse)
1. Mechanical stage
yLoosen the stage clamp screw; fit the stage into the circular dovetail mount. An
orientation notch at the back of the stage has to fit to an orientation pin at the stage
carrier. Tighten with the clamp screw facing forward.
yTorque adjustment
The torque of the y-axis and x-axis travel knobs can be adjusted by torque
adjusting knobs.
For y-axis to (+) increase or (-) decrease the torque, turn Knob Y while holding A
For x-axis to (+) increase or (-) decrease the torque, turn Knob X while holding B
2. Specimen holder
yAttach the specimen holder, using the two mounting holes. If the stage is to be used
with right right-hand controls, attach the specimen holder to the left-hand holes and
similarly, with left-hand controls to the right-hand holes.
3. Objectives
yLower the stage completely. Screw the objectives into the revolving nosepiece so
that clockwise rotation of the nosepiece brings the next higher magnification objective
into position.

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4. Condenser
yRaise the stage by turning the coarse focus knob.
yCompletely lower the condenser carrier by turning the condenser focus knob.
yInsert the condenser into the dovetail mount with aperture scale facing forward
towards the user. Secure it with the condenser clamp screw.
yTurn the condenser focus knob to raise the condenser as far as it will go.
1. Condenser focus knob
5. Eyepiece tube
Loosen the eyepiece tube clamp screw. Insert the round dovetail mount on the
eyepiece tube into the round dovetail mount on the microscope arm. Tighten the
eyepiece tube clamp screw to secure the eyepiece tube in place.
1. Eyepiece Tube Clamp Screw

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6. Eyepieces
yUse the same magnification eyepieces for both the eyes.
yInserting or removing the eyepieces is facilitated by twisting the eyepieces when
pushing in or pulling out.
7. Illumination
yThe quartz halogen bulb, used as a light source, has higher luminance and color
temperature than conventional tungsten bulb. The luminance is approximately four
times greater.
yAs long as the bulb voltage is kept constant, the halogen bulb maintains the same
level of brightness and color temperature regardless of whether it is new or nearing
the end of its life.

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8. Filters
yRemove the collector cover and place the filter in the filter holder located around the
field lens, screw the collector cover, taking care that dust, dirt and fingerprints do not
get on the filter and the field lens.
1. Collector Cover
yFilter selection:
Filter Function
ND2 (T=50%) For brightness adjustment in
photomicrography
Blue filter (colour balance filter) For routine microscopy and
photomicrography
Green interference (546nm) For phase contrast and contrast
adjustment with black and white film
HE (didymium filter) For colour photomicrography of HE
stained specimen with tungsten type film
yDiffuser
The lamp is pre-centred and pre-focused, saving the inconvenience of having to
make these adjustments.
The illuminating system has two plastic disks enclosed in a dustproof covering
between the collector lens and field lens, which modify the light passing through them.
One disc contains very small diameter lenses of identical curvature aligned to
efficiently enlarge the light source image at the condenser aperture. The second disc
is a minimum diffusion lemon skin filter that is used to eliminate the haze and
inference colours caused by the high uniformity of the first filter.

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9. Power cord
Connect the socket of the of the power cord to the AC inlet on the rear of the base of
the microscope. Plug in the other end of the cord to an AC outlet with ground
conductor.
IV. Microscopy
1. Coarse and fine focusing
yFocusing is carried out with the coarse and fine focus knobs at the left and right of the
microscope stand.
yThe direction of vertical movement of the stage corresponds to the turning direction of
the focus knobs.
yOne rotation of the fine focus knob moves the stage 0.1mm. The graduation on the
fine focus knob is 1 micron.
Never attempt either of the following actions, since doing so will damage the
focusing mechanism:
yRotate the left and right knob while holding the other.
yTurning the coarse and fine focus knobs further than their limit.
2. Coarse focus torque adjustment
To increase the torque, turn the torque adjustment ring located behind the left-hand
coarse focus knob in the direction indicated by the arrow. To reduce the torque, turn
the ring in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow.
1.) Fine Focus Knob
2.) Coarse Focus Knob
3.) Coarse Focus Torque Adjustment Ring

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3. Coarse Focus Quick Stop
yThe coarse focus height stop serves as a quick accessible possibility for the user to
limit the upper focus position in order to prevent a collision of the Objective with the
specimen.
yFocus on the specimen using the lowest power objective and the coarse focus knob.
Rotate the highest power objective into place. Carefully turn the coarse focus knob
raising the specimen until it is just out of focus, but the slide cover slip does not touch
the highest power objective.
Simply turn the lever in clockwise direction as shown in the picture below and lock the
actual position as upper limit.
yTo loosen the upper limit, just turn the lever in the opposite direction
1. Coarse Focus Quick Stop
4. Stage Upper Limit Stop adjustment:
(Upper Stage Limit is preset at the factory; please only adjust if necessary)
yThe Stage Upper Limit stop marks the stage position at which the specimen is in
focus i.e. by restricting the movement of the coarse focus knob.
yWith the specimen in focus, turn the stage upper limit stop knurled ring clockwise
until it reaches the stop.
yWhen the stage upper limit stop is in position, the stage cannot be raised from that
position.
However, the fine focus knob can move the stage regardless of the limit but will only
lower the stage.
yLower the stage by using the coarse focus knob anticlockwise

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1. Stage Upper Limit Stop
5. Beam Splitter Lever
yWhen the slider is pushed in, 100% of the light will enter the eyepieces. When pulled
out, the light beam will be divided as follows:
y20:80 (visual: photo; standard tube)
0:100 (visual: photo; tube for low light situations, optional tube)
yThe triple position tube (optional) is the most flexible tube by giving 2 photo positions:
y20:80 (visual: photo; for simultaneous observation by eyepiece and camera)
0:100 (visual: photo; for low light situations, e.g. fluorescence)
1. Beam Splitter Lever

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6. Interpupillary distance adjustment
yBefore adjusting the interpupillary distance, bring a specimen into focus using the 10x
objective.
yAdjust the interpupillary distance so that both the right and left field of view become
one.
yThis adjustment will enable the user to observe the specimen with both eyes
yEyepiece tubes can be swivelled up or down to adjust the viewing height to suit
individual preference of comfort viewing. The eye height can be increased by 62mm

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7. Diopter adjustment
Every human eye is different, to adjust the Instrument to best performance
adjustment can be necessary.
Set the diopter on both eyepieces to the “0” position.
Change to 10x Magnification and focus the image of the specimen with one eye only.
Use the Eye which is most convenient for first focussing.
When the best focus position is reached, close this eye and use the other eye for the
following steps.
Correct the focus for the second eye by using only the Diopter Ring, do not use the
coarse / fine focusing knob!
Change to a higher magnification to verify the result and if necessary repeat the
procedure to match the sharpness for higher magnification.
Keep this final diopter position for all magnification / lenses. The diopter position for
each user can be recorded from the scale, so it can easily be reset.
1. Diopter scale 2. Diopter adjustment ring
8. Centering the condenser
yFully open the field of view diaphragm and condenser aperture diaphragm.
ySet the specimen on the stage with the cover glass facing up.
yBring the specimen image into focus, using the 10X objective.
yTurn the condenser focus knob to bring the field diaphragm image into focus on the
specimen plane.
yAdjust the condenser by using the condenser centering screws.
yAdjust the field diaphragm so that it is just outside the field of view for each
magnification change.

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1. Condenser Centering Screws
9. Use of aperture diaphragm
yThe condenser aperture diaphragm is provided for adjusting the numerical aperture
(N.A.) of the illuminating system of the microscope, it decides the resolution of the
image, contrast, depth of focus and brightness.
yStopping down will lower the resolution and brightness but increase the contrast and
depth of focus.
yAn image with appropriate contrast in most cases can be obtained with an aperture
diaphragm closed down to 2/3 of the maximum value.
yTo adjust the aperture diaphragm:
- adjust the condenser aperture diaphragm ring referring to the condenser aperture
scale, or
- by observing the diaphragm image visible on the exit pupil inside the eyepiece
tube, or
- by using a centering telescope after removing one of the eyepieces and focusing
on the aperture diaphragm.
yWhen swinging-out the top lens of the condenser for low magnification objectives,
open the condenser aperture diaphragm completely.

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10. Use of field diaphragm
yThe field diaphragm determines the illuminated area on the specimen. For normal
observation, the diaphragm is set slightly larger than the field of view. If the
illuminated area is set much larger than the field of view extraneous light will enter the
field of view. This will create a flare in the image and lower the contrast.
yIn case the image of the field diaphragm cannot be centered due to thick glass slides
or chambers with thick bottoms, a long working distance condenser is available for
correct Koehler illumination.
yThe diaphragm does not have any effect when the condenser top lens is swung out
of the optical path. Fully open the field diaphragm, as the N.A. of the illuminating
system will be reduced if the diaphragm is excessively stopped down.
1. Field Diaphragm Ring
11. Brightness and contrast adjustment
yNeutral density filters are used for brightness adjustment in routine microscopy and
photomicrography.
yFor phase contrast and contrast adjustment with black and white film, a Green
interference filter (546nm) is recommended.
yAn HE (didymium) filter for colour photomicrography, Haematoxylin, Eosin (HE) or
Fuchsin stained specimen with tungsten type film is available.

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V. Photomicrographic procedure
yTo ensure vibration free operation, set the microscope on a sturdy vibration free table
or a bench with a vibration proof device.
yPull the optical path selection lever of the trinocular eyepiece tube all of the way out
to the limit.
yTo ensure optimal illumination, check the position and centring of the lamp and
position of the condenser.
ySelect a blue filter for routine application. An additional colour-compensating filter
can also be used depending on the colour rendition.
yAdjusting the field diaphragm is important for the purpose of limiting extraneous light
that may cause flare and lower the contrast. Stop down the diaphragm to achieve an
illuminated area slightly larger than that of the field of view.
yA change in depth of focus, contrast and resolution of the image is attainable with an
aperture setting of 2/3 of the maximum diaphragm diameter.
Fine setting of the condenser aperture varies with the individual sample.
yFor photomicrographic procedures, refer to the manual of the specific camera being
used.