Motic BA210S User manual

Instructions Manual
English
Motic Incorporation Ltd.
UL Listed Product E250223

INFINITY OPTICAL SYSTEM
An optical configuration (in which the specimen is located at
the front focal plane of the objective) gathers light transmitted
through or reflected from the central portion of the specimen
and produces a parallel bundle of rays projected along the opti-
cal axis of the microscope toward the tube lens.
A portion of the light reaching the objective originates from the
periphery of the specimen, and enters the optical system at
oblique angles, moving forward diagonally but still in parallel
bundles toward the tube lens. All of the light gathered by the
tube lens is then focused at the intermediate image plane, and
subsequently enlarged by the eyepiece.
The real merit of the infinity based system lies in its ability
to accommodate modular accessories in the optical path and
produce a flexible design.
SpecimenObjectiveTube lensIntermediate
image
EyepieceLens of eyeRetina
Optical System Using Infinity Corrected Objectives
Optical System Of A Conventional Microscope
SpecimenObjectiveTube lensIntermediate imageEyepieceLens of eyeRetina
The conventional microscope has a two-stage magnification
system. There are two lens systems, the objective and the
eyepiece, mounted at opposite end of a body tube. The objec-
tive forms an enlarged real image of the object being examined
and is called intermediate image. The intermediate is further
enlarged by the eyepiece and is seen as a virtual image of the
intermediate image. The eye can examine this final image,
situated at infinity. The total magnification of the microscope is
determined by the focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece.
CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPE

Abbe Condenser
A two-lens sub-stage condenser located below the stage of a
microscope and functions to collect light and direct it onto the
object being examined. Its high numerical aperture makes it
particularly suited for use with most medium- and high-magni-
fication objectives.
Aperture, Numerical (N.A.)
The numerical aperture is an important factor determining the
efficiency of the condenser and objective. It is represented by
the formula: (N.A. = ηsinα), where ηis the refractive index of a
medium (air, water, immersion oil etc.) between the objective
and the specimen or condenser, and αis half of the maximum
angle at which light enters or leaves the lens from or to a
focused object point on the optical axis.
Cover Glass Thickness
Transmitted light objectives are designed to image specimens
that are covered by a thin cover glass (cover slip). The thick-
ness of this small glass piece is now standardized at 0.17 mm
for most applications.
Diaphragm, Condenser
A diaphragm, which controls the effective size of the condenser
aperture. A synonym for the condenser illuminating aperture
diaphragm.
Magnification
The number of times by which the size of the image exceeds
the original object. Lateral magnification is usually meant. It is
the ratio of the distance between two points in the image to the
distance between the two corresponding points in the object.
Micrometer: um
A metric unit of length measurement
= 1x10-6 meters or 0.000001 meters
Nanometer (nm)
A unit of length in the metric system equal to 10-9 meters.
Phase–contrast (microscopy)
A form of microscopy, which converts differences in object
thickness and refractive index into differences in image ampli-
tude and intensity.
Real Viewfield
The diameter in millimetres of the object field.
Real Viewfield = Eyepiece Field of View /Objective Magnification
For example BA210:
Eyepiece field of view = 20mm
Objective magnification = 10X
Microscope Terminology
Diameter of the object field = 20/10 = 2.0mm
Diopter adjustment
The adjustment of the eyepiece of an instrument to provide ac-
commodation for the eyesight differences of individual observers.
Depth of Focus
The axial depth of the space on both sides of the image plane
within which the image is sharp. The larger the N.A. of objec-
tive, the shallower the depth of focus.
Field of View (F.O.V.)
That part of the image field, which is imaged on the observer’s
retina, and hence can be viewed at any one time. The field
of view number is now one of the standard markings of the
eyepiece.
Filter
Filters are optical elements that selectively transmit light. It
may absorb part of the spectrum, or reduce overhaul intensity
or transmit only specific wavelengths.
Immers ion Oil
Any liquid occupying the space between the object and micro-
scope objective. Such a liquid is usually required by objectives
of 3-mm focal length or less.
Resolving Power
A measure of an optical system’s ability to produce an image
which separates two points or parallel lines on the object.
Resolution
The result of displaying fine details in an image
Total Magnification
The total magnification of a microscope is the individual magni-
fying power of the objective multiplied by that of the eyepiece.
Working Distance
This is the distance between the objective front lens and the
top of the cover glass when the specimen is in focus. In most
instances, the working distance of an objective decreases as
magnification increases.
X–axis
The axis that is usually horizontal in a two-dimensional coor-
dinate system. In microscopy X-axis of the specimen stages is
considered that which runs left to right.
Y–axis
The axis that is usually vertical in a two-dimensional coordinate
system. In microscopy Y-axis of the specimen stages is consid-
ered that which runs front to back.

We are constantly endeavouring to improve our instruments and
to adapt them to the requirements of modern research techniques
and testing methods. This involves modification to the mechanical
structure and optical design of our instruments.
Therefore, all descriptions and illustrations in this instruction manual,
including all specifications are subject to change without notice.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1Nomenclature
2 Setting Up The Instrument
3 Assembling The Microscope
3.1 Verifying Input Voltage
3.2 Lamp And Lamp House Cover House (Replacing The Lamp)
3.3 Illumination
3.4 Mechanical Stage
3.5 Specimen Holder
3.6 Objectives
3.7 Condenser
3.8 Eyepiece Tube
3.9 Eyepieces
3.10 Filters
3.11 Power Cord
4 Microscopy, Manipulation Of Each Component
4.1 Coarse And Fine Focusing
4.2 Coarse Focus Torque Adjustment
4.3 Coarse Focus Height Stopper
4.4 Optical Path Change-Over Slider
4.5 Interpupillary Distance Adjustment
4.6 Diopter Adjustment
4.7 Condenser (Sourced Focused (Critical) Illumination)
4.8 Use Of Aperture Diaphragm
4.9 Brightness And Contrast Adjustment
5Photomicrographic Procedure
6Using Oil Immersion Objectives
7Troubleshooting Table
8Care and Maintenance
9Warning labels
Section Page
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1. Nomenclature
Eyepiece
Diopter adjustment ring
Eyepiece lock screw
Specimen holder
Condenser focus knob
Coarse focus torque
adjustment ring
Fine focus knob
Coarse focus knob
Interpupillary distance scale
Field lens
Stage X-Axis travel knob
Stage Y-Axis travel knob
Stage
Objective
Binocular eyepiece tube
Revolving nosepiece
Condenser
aperture scale
Condenser
position lock
Condenser
aperture lever
Condenser
clamp screw

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Photo port
Optical Path
Changeover lever
Trinocular eyepiece tube
Eyepiece tube
Clamp Screw
Power switch
Brightness
control knob
Power input
Fine focus knob
Revolving nosepiece
Condenser
aperture scale
Condenser
position lock
Condenser
aperture lever
Condenser
clamp screw
BA210 Trinocular
Coarse focus height
stopper

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2. Setting Up The Instrument
Avoid placing the instrument in locations exposed to direct sun-
light, dust, vibration, high temperature and high humidity and
where it is difficult to unplug the power supply cord.
2.1. Operating environment
Indoor use
Altitude: Max 2000 meters
Ambient temperature: 15°C to 35°C
Maximum relative humidity: 75% for temperature up to 31°C
decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40°C
Supply voltage fluctuations: Not to exceed ±10% of the
normal voltage.
Pollution degree: 2 (in according with IEC60664)
Installation / Overvoltage category: 2
(in according with IEC60664)
Air pressure of 75kPa to 106 kPa
No hoar frost, dew, percolating water, rain
3. Assembling The Microscope
3.1. Verifying Input Voltage
The automatic voltage selection works with a broad range of
settings. However, always use a power cord that is rated for the
voltage used in your area and that has been approved to meet
local safety standards. Using the wrong power cord could cause
fire or equipment damage.
In case of using the extension cord, use only a power supply
cord with a protective earth (PE) wire.
In order to prevent electric shock, always turn the power switch
on the power supply off before connecting the power cord.
Electrical Specifications:
a. Halogen
Input : 90-240V~, 38W, 50-60Hz (Hologen)
Lamp : 6V30W Halogen
Fuse : 250V T2.5A (If the original fuse is blown, please replace
with specified fuse)
b. LED
Input : 90-240V~, 6W, 50-60Hz (LED)
Lamp : 3W LED
Fuse : 250V T1A (If the original fuse is blown, please replace
with specified fuse)
3.2. Lamp and Lamp House Cover
(Replacing The Lamp)
The lamp and the lamphouse become very hot during and after
a period of operation.
Risk of burn – Do not touch the lamp during or immediately
after period of operation.
Make sure the lamp has cooled sufficiently before attempting
to replace the lamp.
a. Halogen
In order to prevent electric shock always turn the power
switch off and unplug the power cord before installing or re-
placing the lamp.
Place microscope on its back and pull back the lamp house
cover plate.
Firmly insert the lamp into the socket pinholes until it reach-
es the limit. Be careful not to tilt the lamp when mounting.
When installing the lamp, do not touch the glass surface of
the lamp with bare fingers. Doing so will cause fingerprints,
grease, etc., to burn onto the lamp surface, reducing the illu-
mination provided by the lamp. If the surface is contaminated,

9
wipe it clean using lens tissue.
Close lamp house cover plate and secure until it snaps into
position.
b. LED
1. Unscrew two hexagonal screws retaining the base plate.
2. Unscrew four Allen hex socket cap screws holding back
cover plate.
The printed circuit board is located behind the back cover plate.
3. Disconnect the LED connection cables from the power
supply printed circuit board.
4. Loosen LED board locating ring, take away LED board
locating ring.
5. Install the new LED.
6. Feed LED cable through LED board locating ring.
7. Connect the LED connection cables to the power supply
printed circuit board, then tighten LED board locating ring.
8. Fasten four Allen hex socket cap screws holding back
cover plate.

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3.8. Eyepiece Tube
Loosen the eyepiece clamp screw. Insert the round dovetail
mount on the eyepiece tube into the round dovetail mount on
the microscope arm. Tighten the eyepiece tube clamp screw to
secure the eyepiece tube in place.
3.9. Eyepieces
Use the same magnification eyepieces for both the eyes.
To lock the eyepiece, insert each eyepiece completely into
the eyepiece sleeve and tighten the clamp screws.
Twist the eyepiece (anti-clockwise or clockwise) with 20~30 de-
gree and pull the eyepieces gently out when removing the eyepiece.
3.10. Filters
Remove the collector cover and place the filter in the filter
holder located around the field lens, screw the collector cover,
taking care that dust, dirt and fingerprints do not get on the
filter and the field lens.
3.3. Illumination
a. Halogen Lamp
The quartz halogen lamp, used as a light source, has higher
luminance and colour temperature than conventional tungsten
lamps. The luminance is approximately four times greater.
As long as the lamp voltage is kept constant, the halogen
lamp maintains the same level of brightness and colour tem-
perature regardless of whether it is new or nearing the end of
its life.
b. LED
This is the first 3W microscopic illumination system with
global patent for long life, adjustable high intensity, low heat
generation, low energy consumption and safe operation.
3.4. Mechanical Stage
Remove specimen holder for fast hand scanning of slides.
Left hand and right hand operation stages for option.
3.5. Specimen Holder
Attach the specimen holder, using the two mounting holes.
3.6. Objectives
Lower the stage completely. Screw the objectives into the
revolving nosepiece so that clockwise rotation of the nosepiece
brings the next higher magnification objective into position.
3.7. Condenser
Raise the stage by turning the coarse focus knob.
Raise the condenser carrier by turning the condenser focus
knob.
Insert the condenser into the mount with aperture scale
facing forward towards the user. Secure with the condenser
clamp screw.
Turn the condenser focus knob to raise the condenser as far
as it will go.

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Filter selection:
Filter Function
ND2 (T=50%) For brightness adjustment in
photomicrography
ND4 (T=25%)
ND16 (T=6.25%)
Blue filter
(colour balance filter)
For routine microscopy and
photomicrography
Green interference (546nm) For phase contrast and contrast
adjustment with black and white
film
HE (didymium filter) For colour photomicrography
of HE stained specimen with
tungsten type film
A diffuser is built into the base of the microscope.
3.11. Power Cord
Connect the socket of the of the power cord to the AC inlet
on the rear of the base of the microscope. Plug in the other
end of the cord to an AC outlet with ground conductor.
4. Microscopy
4.1. Coarse And Fine Focusing
Focusing is carried out with the coarse and fine focus knobs
at the left and right of the microscope stand.
The direction of vertical movement of the stage corresponds
to the turning direction of the focus knobs.
One rotation of the fine focus knob moves the stage 0.2mm.
The graduation on the fine focus knob is 2 microns.
Never attempt either of the following actions, since doing so will
damage the focusing mechanism:
Rotate the left and right knob while holding the other.
Turning the coarse and fine focus knobs further than their limit.
4.2. Coarse Focus Torque Adjustment
To increase the torque, turn the torque adjustment ring
located behind the left-hand coarse focus knob in the direction
indicated by the arrow. To reduce the torque, turn the ring in
the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow.
4.3. Coarse Focus Height Stopper
The coarse focus height stopper marks the stage position at
which the specimen is in focus i.e. by restricting the movement
of the coarse focus knob.
With the specimen in focus, turn the coarse focus stopper
knurled screw anti-clockwise until it reaches the stop.
When the coarse focus stopper is in position, the stage cannot be
raised from that position. However, the fine focus knob can move
the stage regardless of the limit but will only lower the stage.
Lower the stage by using the coarse focus knob.
4.4. Optical Path Changeover Slider
The optical path change over slider of the trinocular eyepiece
tube can be used to select the amount of light distributed be-
tween the trinocular eyepiece tube and the vertical phototube.
When the change over slider is pushed in until it reaches the
limit, 100% of the light enters the observation tube. When the
changer over slider is pulled out to the limit, the ratio of light
entering the observation tube and phototube will be 20:80.

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the specimen and the light source are said to be in the field
plane. The condenser iris diaphragm controls the N.A. of the
system, and is therefore said to be located in an aperture plane
of the microscope.
4.8. Use Of Aperture Diaphragm
The condenser aperture diaphragm is provided for adjusting
the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the illuminating system of the
microscope, it decides the resolution of the image, contrast,
depth of focus and brightness.
Stopping down will lower the resolution and brightness but
increase the contrast and depth of focus.
An image with appropriate contrast can be obtained with an
aperture setting that is 2/3 of the objective N.A.
To adjust the aperture diaphragm:
- Adjust the condenser aperture diaphragm lever referring to
the condenser aperture scale, or
- by observing the diaphragm image visible on the exit pupil
inside the eyepiece tube, or
- by using a centering telescope after removing one of the eye-
pieces and focusing on the aperture diaphragm.
4.9. Brightness And Contrast Adjustment
Neutral density filters are used for brightness adjustment in
routine microscopy and photomicrography.
Green interference (546nm) for phase contrast and contrast
adjustment with black and white film.
HE (didymium filter) for colour photomicrography of the
Haematoxylin & Eosin (HE) or Fuchsin stained specimen with
tungsten type film.
4.5. Interpupillary Distance Adjustment
Before adjusting the interpupillary distance, bring a specimen
into focus using the 10x objective.
Adjust the interpupillary distance so that both the right and
left field of view become one.
This adjustment will enable the user to observe the specimen
with both eyes
4.6. Diopter Adjustment
Diopter adjustment compensates for the differences in vision
between the left and right eyes. In addition to making observa-
tion through both eyes easier, this adjustment also reduces the
extent to which focusing is lost when the objective magnifica-
tion is changed. In particular, this occurs when a low magnifi-
cation objective is used.
The left eyepiece has a separate focusing provision to com-
pensate for slight differences in the focusing of each eye.
Using the right eye only and viewing through the right-hand
eyepiece, adjust the focus with the microscope fine or coarse
adjustment until the image of the specimen is at its sharpest.
Using the left eye only and viewing through the left-hand
eyepiece with its independent diopter- focusing ring, focus until
the specimen image is at its sharpest.
The microscope should now be ready binocular viewing.
4.7. Condenser
(Sourced Focused (Critical) Illumination)
Critical illumination relies on using the sub-stage condenser
to produce a focused image of the homogeneous light source in
the plane of the specimen in order to achieve an even illumina-
tion condition over the entire field of view.
To have the light source focused in the plane of the speci-
men, an imaging disc with concentric circles (and with its
matte surface facing toward the microscope base) is placed on
the field lens and is focused on to the specimen plane. This is
achieved by moving the condenser up or down with condenser
focus knob.
The correct vertical setting of the condenser remains unal-
tered when changing magnifications.
Because the light source is imaged onto the specimen, both

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5. Photomicrographic Procedure
To ensure vibration free operation, set the microscope on a
sturdy vibration free table or a bench with a vibration proof
device.
Pull the optical path selection lever of the trinocular eyepiece
tube all of the way out to the limit, the ratio of light entering
the observation tube and phototube will be 20:80.
For the same total magnification, select a combination of the
highest possible objective magnification and lowest possible
projection lens magnification to achieve the utmost image
definition and contrast.
To ensure optimal illumination, check the position and cen-
tring of the lamp and position of the condenser.
Select a blue filter for routine application. An additional
colour-compensating filter can also be used depending on the
colour rendition.
Adjusting the field diaphragm is important for the purpose
of limiting extraneous light that may cause flare and lower the
contrast. Stop down the diaphragm to achieve an illuminated
area slightly larger than that of the field of view.
A change of depth of focus, contrast and resolution of image
is attainable with an aperture setting that is 2/3 of the objec-
tive N.A.
6. Using Oil Immersion Objectives
Oil immersion objectives are labelled with the additional
engraving “Oil” and are to be immersed in oil between the
specimen and the front of the objective.
The immersion oil supplied by Motic is synthetic, non-fluo-
rescing and non-resining oil, with a refractive index of 1.515
Normally, cover glass must be used with oil immersion objec-
tives with a few exceptions.
Deviations from thickness are not important as a layer of im-
mersion oil acts as compensation above the cover glass.
The small bottle of oil supplied with every immersion objec-
tive facilitates application of the oil to the cover slip.
Remove any air bubbles in the nozzle of the oil container
before use.
Immersion oil must be used sparingly. After the examination,
the oil should be wiped off the objective with a lens cleaning
tissue and the residual film removed with soft cloth moistened
with petroleum benzine or absolute alcohol.
Locate the field of interest, with a lower magnification objec-
tive, swing the objective out of the light path, and add one drop
of immersion oil over the site of the specimen. Swing in the oil
immersion objective. Use the fine focus to make the image sharp.
Freedom from air bubbles must be ensured. To check for air
bubbles, remove an eyepiece, fully open the field and aperture
diaphragms, and look at the exit pupil of the objective within the
eyepiece tube. Air bubbles are recognized by presence of a sur-
rounding black ring. Bubbles may often be dislodged by moving
the slide to and fro or by slightly rocking the revolving nosepiece
back and forth. If not successful in clearing the bubbles then
the oil must be wiped off and replaced with a fresh drop.

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Optical
Problem Possible Cause
Vignetting or uneven brightness in the field of view or
field of view only partially visible
Lamp not installed properly
Condenser not mounted correctly
Condenser is set too low
Aperture diaphragm closed too far
Revolving nosepiece not clicked into position
Trinocular eyepiece tube optical path selector lever in
intermediate position
Filter not in placed in properly
Dust or dirt in the field of view Aperture diaphragm closed too far
Condenser is set too low
Dust or dirt on specimen surface
Dust or dirt on field lens, filter, condenser or eyepiece
Poor image
(low contrast or resolution)
Condenser is set too low
Aperture diaphragm closed too far
No cover glass
Too thick or thin cover glass
Immersion oil not used on immersion procedure
Air bubbles in immersion oil
Specified immersion oil used not used
Immersion oil on dry objective
Greasy residue on eye lens
Incorrect illumination
Uneven focus Specimen holder not fixed securely on stage
Specimen not secured in position
Specimen tilted on stage surface
Image tinged yellow Lamp voltage is set too low
Blue filter is not being used
Focusing is not possible with high magnification objectives Slide is upside down
Cover glass is too thick
High magnification objectives strike the specimen when
changing over from low to high magnification
Slide is upside down
Cover glass is too thick
Eyepiece diopter not adjusted
Insufficient parfocality of objectives Eyepiece diopter not adjusted
7. Troubleshooting Table
As you use your microscope, you may occasionally experience
a problem.
The troubleshooting table below contains the majority of fre-
quently encountered problems and the possible causes.

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Electrical
Problem Possible Cause
Lamp does not light Power supply not plugged in
Lamp not installed
Lamp burnt out
Inadequate brightness Specified lamp not being used
Lamp blows out immediately Specified lamp not being used
Lamp flickers Connectors are not securely
connected
Lamp near end of service life
Lamp not securely plugged into
socket
Problem Possible Cause
No cohesion of binocular image Magnification or field of view of left and right eyepieces differ
Interpupillary distance not adjusted
Eyepiece diopter not adjusted
Eye strain or fatigue Interpupillary distance not adjusted
Diopter adjustment not made
Field of view of left and right eyepiece differ
Inadequate illumination

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8. Care And Maintenance
A. Do not disassemble
1. Disassembly may significantly affect the performance of the
instrument, and may result in electric shock or injury and will
void the terms of the warranty.
2. Never attempt to dismantle any parts other than described
in this manual. If you notice any malfunction, contact your
nearest Motic representative.
B. Cleaning the Microscope
Do not use organic solvents such as ether; alcohol or paint
thinner on painted surfaces or plastic components. Doing so
could result in discolouration of painted or plastic surfaces.
When cleaning lenses do not use any solvents other than
absolute alcohol as, they may damage lens bonding cement.
Do not use petroleum benzene when cleaning components
such as filters or lenses.
Absolute alcohol and petroleum benzene are highly flamma-
ble. Keep away from open flames and when turning the power
switch on or off.
For stubborn dirt, dampen a piece of gauze with diluted neu-
tral detergent and wipe lightly.
C. Disinfecting the Microscope
Follow the standard procedures for your laboratory.
D. When not in use
When not in use, cover the instrument with vinyl dust cover
and store in a place low in humidity where mould is not likely
to form.
Store the objectives, eyepieces and filters in a container or
desiccator with drying agent.
Proper handling of the microscope will ensure years of trouble
free service.
If repair become necessary, please contact your Motic agency
or our Technical Service direct.
Note:
If equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manu-
facturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be
impaired.
To avoid getting wet, do not use the microscope near water.
9. Warning labels
The following warning labels (or symbols) are found on the mi-
croscope, study the meaning of the warning labels (or symbols)
and always use the equipment in the safest possible manner.
The lamp and the lamphouse become very hot during and after
a period of operation.
Risk of burn – Do not touch the lamp during or immediately
after period of operation.
Make sure the lamp has cooled sufficiently before attempting
to replace the lamp.
Don’t pick up from the bottom during equipment operation.
Proper handling of the microscope will ensure
years of trouble free service.
If repair become necessary, please contact your
Motic agency or our Technical Service directly.
Indicates that the surface becomes
hot, and should not be touched with
bare hands.
Indicates that the main switch is ON.
Indicates that the main switch is OFF.
Indicates alternating current.
CAUTION! Risk of danger.
Please consult documentation in all
cases where this symbol is used.

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Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
* CCIS®is a trademark of Motic Incorporation Ltd.
Motic Incorporation Limited Copyright © 2002-2010.
All Rights Reserved.
Design changes
The manufacturer reserves the right to make
changes in instrument design in accordance
with scientific and mechanical progress, without
notice and without obligation.
Updated: August 2010