Motorola i425e Operating and maintenance manual

Detailed Service Manual
Detailed Test Procedures
Digital Multi-Service,
425e 425t 290
Data-Capable Portable

This Page is left Blank intentionally

iii
, &
Digital Multi-Service,
Data-Capable Portable
Detailed Service Manual
Detailed Test Procedures
August 2007
290
425
e
425
t

Manual Revisions
Changes that occur after this manual is printed are described in the Field Manual Revisions (FMRs). The FMRs
provide the most current instructions and component information.
Copyright Information
The Motorola products described in this manual may include Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor
memories or other media that are copyrighted with all rights reserved worldwide to Motorola. Laws in the United
States and other countries preserve for Motorola, Inc. certain exclusive rights to the copyrighted computer programs,
including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce, modify, decompile, disassemble, and reverse-engineer the
Motorola computer programs in any manner or form without Motorola’s prior written consent. Furthermore, the
purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppels, or otherwise,
any license or rights under the copyrights, patents, or patent applications of Motorola, except for a nonexclusive
license to use the Motorola product and the Motorola computer programs with the Motorola product.
Trademarks
MOTOROLA, the Stylized M Logo, Message Mail, VibraCall, and iDEN are registered trademarks of Motorola,
Inc. ® Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
© Copyright 2007, Motorola, Inc. All rights reserved.
6880401P26-O
iv

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
6880401P26-O v
SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Product Operation
This section contains important information on the safe and efficient operation of
your mobile device. Read thisinformationbeforeusingyourintegratedmulti-service
portable radio.* When placing or receiving a phone call, hold your radio product as you would a
wireline telephone. Speak directly into the microphone.
Exposure to Radio Frequency (RF) Energy
Ifyouweara radioproductonyourbodywhentransmitting,alwaysplacetheradio
product inaMotorola approved clip, holder, holster, case or body harness. If you
do not use a body-worn accessorysuppliedorapprovedbyMotorolaandare not
using the radio product in the intended use positions along side the head in
the phone modeorinfrontofthefaceinthetwo-wayradiomode—orifyouhang
yourdevicefrom a lanyardaroundyourneck—keepthedeviceat least 2.5
centimeters (1 inch) from your body when transmitting.
Your phone contains a transmiter and receiver. Whenit is ON,itreceivesand
transmitsRFenergy.When you communicate with your phone, the system
handling your call controls the power level at which your phone transmits.
Your Motorola phone is designed to comply with localregulatoryrequirements
inyourcountry concerning exposure of human beings to RF energy.
ALL MODELS WITH FCC ID IHDT56HH1 and IHDT56HG1
Portable Radio Product Operationand
EME Exposure MEET THE GOVERNMENT’S REQUIREMENTSFOR
EXPOSURE TO RADIO WAVES.
Your Motorola radio product is designed to comply with the following national
and international standards and guidelines regarding exposure of human beings
to radiofrequency electromagneticenergy (EME):
Your wireless phone is a radio transmitter and receiver. It is designed and
manufactured nottoexceed the emission limits for exposure to radiofrequency
(RF)energysetbytheFederalCommunications Commission ofthe U.S.
Government. These limits are part of comprehensiveguidelinesandestablish
permittedlevels of RFenergy forthe generalpopulation.The guidelines are based
on standards that were developed by independentscientificorganizations through
periodic and thorough evaluation of scientific studies. The standards include a
substantialsafety margin designed to assurethe safety of all persons, regardless of
ageand health.
•United States Federal Communications Commission,Codeof Federal
Regulations; 47 CFR part 2 sub-part J.
•American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / Institute of Electrical
and ElectronicsEngineers(IEEE).C95.1-1992.
•Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).C95. 1-2005
Edition.* Theexposure standardfor wirelessmobilephonesemploys a unit of measurement
known as the SpecificAbsorptionRate, orSAR. TheSAR limitset by the FCC is
1.6W/kg.1Tests for SAR are conducted using standard operating positions
reviewed by theFCC with the phonetransmittingat its highest certified power level
in all tested frequency bands. Although the SAR is determined at the highest
certified power level, the actualSAR level of the phone while operating can be
well below the maximum value. This is because the phone is designedto
operate at multiple power levels so as to use only the power required to reach
the network. In general, the closer you are
•International CommissiononNon-IonizingRadiation Protection (ICNIRP)
1998.
•Ministryof Health (Canada).SafetyCode 6. Limits of Human
Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in the
Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz,1999.
•Australian Communications Authority Radio communications
(Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure) Standard 2003. to a wireless base station antenna, the lower the power output.
•ANATEL, Brazil Regulatory Authority, Resolution303(July2,2002)
"Regulationofthe limitation of exposure to electrical, magnetic,and
electromagnetic fields in the Before a phone model is available for sale to the public, it must be tested and
certified to the FCC that isdoesnot exceedthe limitestablishedbythe
government-adopted requirement for safe exposure.Thetestsareperformedin
positions andlocations (e.g.,at the ear andworn on the body)as required by the
FCC for each model. The highestSAR value for this model phone when
tested for use at the ear is (1.35 W/kgfor i425) (1.30 W/kg for i290) andwhen
tested on the body, as described in this user guide, is (1.41 W/kg for i425)
(1.57W/kg for i290)during packetdata transmission. (Body-wornmeasurements
differ among phone models, dependinguponavailableaccessories andFCC
requirements.)2
* The information provided in this document supersedes the general safety
information in user’s guides published prior to May 1, 2006
radio frequency range between 9 kHz and 300GHz.""AttachmenttoResolution
303 from July 2, 2002.
Operational Precautions While there may be differences between the SAR levels of various phones and at
various positions, they all meet thegovernment requirement forsafe exposure.
To assure optimal radio product performance and to be sure that human exposure
to RF does not exceed the guidelines set forth in the relevant standards, always
followtheseinstructionsandprecautions : The FCC has granted an Equipment Authorization forthismodelphonewithall
reportedSAR levelsevaluated as in compliance with the FCC RF exposure
guidelines. SAR information on this model phone is on file with the FCC and
can be found under the Display Grant section of http://www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid
after searching on FCC ID IHDT56HH1 (i425) andIHDT56HG1 (i290).
Two-way radio operation
Your radio product has been designed and tested to comply with national and
international standards and guidelines regarding human exposure to RF
electromagnetic energy, when operated in the two-way mode (at the face, or at
the abdomenwhenusinganaudioaccessory)atusage factors of up to 50%
talk/50% listen.
Additional information on Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) can be found on
the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) web-site at
http://www.wow-com.com.
1 In the United States and Canada, the SAR limit for mobile phones used by the
public is 1.6 watts/kg (W/kg) averaged over one gram of tissue. The standard
incorporates a substantial margin of safety to give additional protection for the
publicand to account for anyvariations inmeasurements.
2 The SAR information reported to the FCC includes the FCC-accepted
Motorolatestingprotocol, assessment procedure, and measurement
uncertainty range for this product.
Transmit no more than the rated duty factor of 50% of the time. To transmit
(talk), push the Walkie-Talkie (WT) button. To receive calls, releasethe WT
button. Transmitting 50% of the time or less, is important because this radio
generates measurable RF energy only when transmitting(in terms ofmeasuring
for standards compliance).
When using your radio product as a traditional
two-way radio, hold the radio product in a vertical
position with the microphone one to two inches (2.5
to 5 cm) away from the lips.

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Approved Accessories
For a list of approved Motorola accessories call 1 -800-453-0920, or visit our
website at www.motorola.com/iden.
RFEnergyInterference/Compatibility
Nearly every electronic device is subject to RF energy interference from external
sources if inadequately shielded, designed or otherwise configuredforRF energy
compatibility.Insomecircumstances your handset may cause interference with
other devices.
FollowInstructions to AvoidInterference Problems
TurnOFF yourradioproductwhereposted notices instruct you to do so.
In an aircraft, turn off your radio product whenever instructed to do so by
airline staff. If your radio product offers an airplane mode or similar feature,
consult airline staff about using it in flight.
Implantable Medical Devices
If you have an implantable medical devices, such as a pacemaker or defibrillator,
consultyourphysician before using this radio product.
Personswith implantablemedicaldevicesshould observe the following
precautions:
•ALWAYS keep the phone morethan 20centimeters (8 inches) from the
implantable medical device when the phone is turned ON.
•DO NOTcarry thephone ina breastpocket;
•Use the ear opposite the implantable medical device to minimize the
potential for interference.
•TurnOFFthephoneimmediatelyif youhaveany reasontosuspectthatthe
interference is taking place.
Read and follow the directions from the manufacturer of your implantable
medicaldevice.If you have any questions about using your wireless
phone with your implantable medical device, consult your health care
provider
Hearing Aids
Some mobile devices may interfere with some hearing aids. In the event of such
interference,youmay want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer or
physician to discuss alternatives.
OtherMedicalDevices and HealthCare Facilities
If youuse any otherpersonal medicaldevices, consultyour physician or the
manufactureroryourdevice to determine if it is adequately shielded fromRF
energy. Turn off yourradio productwheninstructed to do so in hospitals or health
care facilities that may be using equipment that is sensitive to external RF
energy.
Driving Precautions
Check the laws and regulations on the use of radio products in the area where you
drive. Alwaysobey them.
When using your radio product while driving, please:
•Give full attention to driving and to the road. Using a mobile device
may be distracting. Discontinuea call ifyou can’t concentrate on driving.
•Use hands free operation, if available.
•Pull offthe roadand parkbefore making or answering a call if driving
conditions so require.
•Donotplace ahandsetintheairbag deployment area.
Responsible driving practices canbe found in the “Smart Practices While Driving”
section at the end of this guide and/or at the Motorola Web site:
www.motorola.com/callsmart.
Note: The use of wireless phones while driving maycause distraction.
Discontinue a call if you can’t concentrate on driving. Additionally, the use of
wireless devices and theiraccessories may beprohibited or restricted in certain
areas. Always obey thelaws andregulationson theuse oftheseproducts.
Operational Warnings
Obey all posted signs when using mobile devicesin public areas.
Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
Areas with potentially explosiveatmospheresareoften but not always posted,
and can include fueling areas such as below decks on boats, fuel orchemical
transferorstoragefacilities,orareaswhere the air contains chemicals or
particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders.
When you are in such area, turn off your handset,and do not remove, install, or
chargebatteries unless it is a radio product type especially qualified for usein
such areas as “Intrinsically Safe”(for example,FactoryMutual,CSA, or UL
approved). In such areas, sparks can occur and cause an explosion or fire
Batteries and Chargers
Caution: Improper treatment or use of batteries may present a danger of fire,
explosion, leakage, or other hazard. For more information, see the “Battery Use
andBattery Safety” sectionin thisuser’s guide.
Yourbattery,charger,orportable radiomay contain symbols,defined as follows:
Symbol Definition
Important safety information follows.
Do not dispose of your battery or mobile device
in a fire.
Yourbattery ormobiledevice may require
recycling in accordance with local laws. Contact
your local regulatory authorities for more
information.
6880401P26-O
vi
Do not throw your battery or mobile device in
the trash.
Your mobile device an internal lithium ion battery
Do not let your battery, charger, ormobile device
get wet.
Listening at full volume to music or voice through
a headset maydamageyour hearing
.
.

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Choking Hazards Caution About High Volume Usage
Your portable radio or its accessories may include detachable parts, which
may present a choking hazard to small children. Keep your device and its
accessories away from small children.
Listening at full volume to music or voice through a headset may
damage your hearing.
Glass Parts Repetitive Motion
Some partsof your mobile device maybe made ofglass. This glass could break if
the product is dropped on a hard surface or receives a substantial impact. If
glass breaks, do not touch or attempt to remove.Stop using your mobile device
until the glass is replaced by a qualified service center.
When you repetitively perform actions such as pressing keys or entering
finger-written characters, you may experience occasional discomfort in your
hands, arms, shoulders, neck, orotherpartsofyourbody.Ifyoucontinueto have
discomfort during or after such use, stop use and see a physician.
Seizures/Blackouts
Some people may be susceptible to epileptic seizures orblackoutswhen
exposed to flashing lights, such aswhen playingvideo games.These may occur
even if a person has never had a previous seizure or blackout
If you have experienced seizures or blackouts, or if you have a family history of
such occurrences, please consult with your physician before playing video
games or enabling a flashing-lights feature (if available) on your mobile
device. Discontinue use and consult a physician if any of the following
symptoms occur: convulsion, eye or muscle twitching, loss of awareness,
involuntary movements, or disorientation. It is always a good idea to hold the
screen away from your eyes, leave the lights on in the room, take a 15-minute
breakevery hour, and stop use if you are very tired.
Service & Repairs
If you have questions or need assistance, we’re here to help.
Go to www.motorola.com/iden/support, whereyoucan select from a number of
customer care options. You can also contact the Motorola CustomerSupport
Centerat1-800-453-0920(UnitedStates),1-877-483-2840(TTY/TDD UnitedStatesfor
hearing impaired)
6880401P26-O vii

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Battery Use & Battery Safety
•Motorola recommends you always use
Motorola-branded batteries and chargers. The warranty
does not cover damage caused by non-Motorola
batteries and/or chargers. Caution: Use of an
unqualified battery or charger may present a risk of fire,
explosion, leakage, or other hazard. Improper battery
use, or use of a damaged battery, may result in a fire,
explosion, or other hazard.
•Battery usage by children should be supervised.
•Important: Motorola mobile devices are designed
to work best with qualified batteries. If you see a
message on your display such as InvalidBatteryor Unable
toCharge, take the following steps:
•Remove the battery and inspect it to confirm that it
bears a Motorola “Original Equipment” hologram;
•If there is no hologram, the battery is not a qualified
battery;
•If there is a hologram, replace the battery and retry
charging it;
•If the message remains, contact a Motorola Authorized
Service Center.
•New batteries or batteries stored for a long time may
take more time to charge.
Charging precautions: When charging your battery,
keep it near room temperature. Never expose
batteries to temperatures below 0°C (32°F) or above
45°C (113°F) when charging. Always take your mobile
device with you when you leave your vehicle
•When storing your battery, keep it in a cool, dry place.
•It is normal over time for battery life to decrease, and
for the battery to exhibit shorter runtime between
charges or require more frequent or longer
charging times.
•Avoid damage to battery and mobile device. Do not
disassemble, open, crush, bend, deform, puncture,
shred, or submerge the battery or mobile device. Avoid
dropping the battery or mobile device, especially on a
hard surface. If your battery or mobile device has
been subjected to such damage, take it to a Motorola
Authorized Service Center before using. Do not
attempt to dry it with an appliance or heat source, such
as a hair dryer or microwave oven.
•Use care when handling a charged
battery—particularly when placing it inside a pocket,
purse, or other container with metal objects. Contact
with metal objects (e.g., jewelry, keys, beaded chains)
could complete an electrical circuit (short circuit),
causing the battery to become very hot, which could
cause damage or injury.
Promptly dispose of used batteries in accordance with local regulations.
Contact your local recycling center for proper battery disposal.
Warning: Never dispose of batteries in a fire because they may explode.
6880401P26-O
viii

MODEL INFORMATION
MODEL INFORMATION
This manual applies to the following iDEN Digital Portable models:
i425 = H98XAH6JR5AN iDEN: 806- 940 MHz/ Multi-Service, Data-Capable Portable
i290 = H98XAH6JR4AN iDEN: 806- 940 MHz/ Multi-Service, Data-Capable Portable
MODEL NUMBERING SYSTEM
Typical Model Number: H 9 8 X A H 6 J R 4 A N
Position: 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3
6880401P26-O ix
Position 1 - Type of Unit
Position 12 - Unique
H = Hand-Held Portable
M = Mobile Product
Model Variations
N = Standard Package
Positions 2 and 3 - Model Series Position 11 - Version
Version Letter (Alpha)
Major Change
Position 10 - Feature
level
40 = i85s/i55sr/i50sx Products
41 = i90c Products
45 = i265 Products
48 = i80s Products
56 = i30sx/i30s Products
57 = i95cl Products
58 = i88s/i58sr Products
59 = i60c Products
62 = i205/i305 Products
63 = i530/i730/i710 Products
68 = i325pro Products
69 = i31 5plus Products
73 = i860 Products
74 = i830 Products
75 = i285 Products
72 = i930 Products
85 = i870 Products ;
83 = i580 Products ;
94 = i880/i885 Products
98 = i290 Products
1 = Basic
2 = Limited Pkg
3 = Limited Plus
4 = Intermediate
5 = Standard Pkg
6 = Standard Plus
7 = Expanded Pkg
8 = Expanded Plus
9 = Full Feature
Programmable
Position 9 - Primary System
T
Position 4 - Frequency Band
R = iDEN Shared
U = 806 to 870 MHz
X = 806 to 941 MHz
*Values given represent range only;
they are not absolute.
Position 5 - Power Level
Position 8 - Primary
Oti
A = 0 to 0.7 Watts
B = 0.7 to 0.9 Watts
C = 1.0 to 3.9 Watts
D = 4.0 to 5.0 Watts
E = 5.1 to 6.0 Watts
F = 6.1 to 10.0 Watts
N = Digital Dispatch
Q = Low Profile - Basic Display
R = Digital Multi-Service
J = TDMA Digital Dual Mode
Position 6 - Physical Packages Position 7 - Channel Spacing
F = Limited Keypad - With Display
H = Full Keypad - With Display
N = Enhanced Controls - Enhanced Display
1 = 5 kHz
2 = 6.25 kHz
3 = 10 kHz
4 = 12.5 kHz
5 = 15 kHz
6 = 25 kHz
7 = 30 kHz

MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL RECEIVER TRANMITTER
i425 FCC # IHDT56HH1
i290 FCC # IHDT56HG1 Receiver Type Direct Conversion Transmitter Type Single Conversio
n
Operational Modes Phone Frequency Range 851-870 MHz Frequency Range 806-825 MHz
Private 935-940 MHz 896-901 MHz
Group
Circuit Data
Packet Data
Moto Talk 902-928 MHz 902-928 MHz
Temperature Range Channel Spacing: Emission Designator 18K3D7W
Operating –10°C to +60° iDEN 25kHz
Storage (w/o battery) –40°C to +85°CMotoTalk 50kHz
Battery Type Lithium Ion Frequency Stability Modulation Type Quad 16QAM
Referenced to base Quad 64QAM
Recommended station 0.4 ppm Quad QPSK
Battery SNN5784A FSK
SNN5758A
Battery Voltage Sensitivity (10%)BER Frequency Stability:
Nominal 3.6 Vdc (M-16 QAM) -111 dBm Referenced to base
Range 3.0 to 4. 2 Vdc MotoTalk (3%)BER Station 0.4 ppm
(FSK) (i290 ONLY) -119 dBm
Spurious Emissions:
Dimensions (HxWxD) i425 Spurious Response Conducted -13 dBm
w/950mAh 125x 48 Immunity: -51 dBm Radiated -13 dBm
battery door x 13 mm MotoTalk Radiated -41.2 dBm
Weight: Spurious Radiation RF Pulse Avg Power:
(without battery) 67.0 gAbove 960 M <500μV/m iDEN (dynamically
216–960 MHz
<200μV/m adjusted) -6 to +28 dBm
All specifications +/- 5%. 88–216 MHz <150μV/m MotoTalk 22.6 to +28.82 dBm
30–88 MHz <100μV/m
Dimensions(HxWxD) i290
w/950mAh 125x 48 Audio Output Power Adjacent Channel
battery door x 13 mm &Speakerphone Rating Power
(Private and Group iDEN (at ±25 kHz in -55 dB
Weight: Modes only) into 18 kHz BW)
(without battery) 66.0 g 8 ohms at maximum
volume (nominal
All specifications +/- 5%. battery voltage) 500mW MotoTalk -55dB
(at ±50 kHz in 26 kHz
Distortion at Rated BW)
Audio:
Electrical Acoustical 5% Max
Acoustical 10% Max
Note: All Mototalk specifications are applicable for i290 Only
6880401P26-O
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PREFACE: Conventions Used in This Manual
PREFACE
The i425/i290 Digital Multi-Service, Data-Capable Portable Field Service Manual
contains the information necessary to identify and fix problems in the Motorola i425/i290
Digital Portable. This unit is based on digital technology and is designed to operate on iDEN
systems.
Basic and field-level service for this unit as described in this manual includes troubleshooting,
testing, board swapping, and maintenance.
Service for this unit is based on the substitution method: a faulty part is replaced by a working one,
providing quicker service to the customer. For example, if the battery is faulty, it is replaced. If
the unit requires more complete testing or service than is available at the basic level, it is sent to
the field-level service facility, serviced, and returned to the iDEN Customer Care Center (ICC).
NOTE: Before operating or testing this unit, please read the Safety and General Information
section in the front of this manual.
Who Should Use This Manual
This manual is intended for service technicians who should be familiar with the test equipment
recommended in Appendix A. To help pinpoint basic problems with the unit, first perform the
mechanical checks and self tests as described in Chapter 5; then proceed to field level
troubleshooting and testing.
How This Manual Is Organized
This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:
Chapter 1 presents the theory and technology used by the iDEN system and unit.
Chapter 2 describes how to prepare test equipment setups for the iDEN system and how to operate
the test equipment. It also contains disassembly and reassembly instructions.
Chapter 3 describes the troubleshooting procedures.
Chapter 4 contains the component board layouts, schematic diagrams and component lists.
Appendix A Provides information on ordering kits and replacement parts. It also contains lists of
recommended test equipment.
6880401P26-O xi

PREFACE: Conventions Used in This Manual
Conventions Used in This Manual
The following conventions are used throughout this manual:
italics Used for emphasis and new terms
bold Defines menu items, fields, and buttons
c o d e Used for sample input and output
Related Publications
The following publications are available separately:
iDEN i425 Digital Multi-Service Data-Capable Phone User’s Guide NNTN7302A
iDEN i290 Digital Multi-Service Data-Capable Phone User’s Guide NNTN7308A
R-2660 Digital Communications System Analyzer Operator’s Manual 68P80386B72
6880401P26-O
xii

CONTENTS
SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION............................................v
MODEL INFORMATION ...............................................................................ix
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................x
PREFACE ...................................................................................................xi
CONTENTS ................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 .................................................................................................17
1.1 iDEN Digital Modulation Technology.........................................................................................17
1.2 iDEN Voice Compression Technology........................................................................................19
1.3 iDEN Power Management............................................................................................................20
1.4 Digital Section ...............................................................................................................................21
1.4.1 Patriot Processor .................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.2 MCU Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) ............................................................................................ 23
1.4.3 Host System Clock Synthesizer ............................................................................................................. 23
1.4.4 PATRIOT Digital Signal Processor ....................................................................................................... 24
1.4.5 DSP Phase Locked Loop (PLL)............................................................................................................. 24
1.4.6 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ............................................................................................................ 24
1.4.7 Host Memories....................................................................................................................................... 24
1.5 iDEN Transceiver Architecture..................................................................................................25
1.6 iDEN TX Path ...............................................................................................................................26
1.6.1 ROADRUNNER.................................................................................................................................... 27
1.6.2 SLEDGEHAMMER (TX) ..................................................................................................................... 27
1.6.3 BALUN.................................................................................................................................................. 28
1.6.4 RF Power Amplifier Module ................................................................................................................. 28
1.6.5 Cartesian Feedback ................................................................................................................................29
1.6.6 Level Set and Phase Training................................................................................................................. 29
1.7 iDEN Receiver Path...................................................................................................................... 31
1.7.1 Rx Front End (RX Path) ........................................................................................................................ 31
1.7.2 Sledgehammer IC (RX Path) ................................................................................................................. 31
1.7.3 Roadrunner IC (RX Path) ...................................................................................................................... 32
1.8 Frequency Generator (RF) Section.............................................................................................32
1.9 MOTOtalk [Available ONLY on i290] .......................................................................................33
Chapter 2 .................................................................................................37
PREPARING FOR FIELD LEVEL TESTING...............................................37
2.1 Preparing Equipment for Testing ...............................................................................................37
2.1.1 Calibrating Equipment ........................................................................................................................... 37
2.1.2 Checking the RF Cable .......................................................................................................................... 37
2.1.3 Strong-Signal Environments.................................................................................................................. 37
2.1.4 Protecting Static-Sensitive Devices ....................................................................................................... 37
2.1.5 Using RSS.............................................................................................................................................. 38
6880401P26-O xiii

2.2 Connecting an i290 Unit to the R-2660....................................................................................... 38
2.3 Operating the R-2660................................................................................................................... 40
2.4 i425e and i425t Disassembly Procedure...................................................................................... 41
2.4.1 Disassembly Sequence Flowchart ..........................................................................................................41
2.4.2 Battery Cover, Battery, and SIM Card Removal ....................................................................................42
2.4.3 Opening Unit and removing the Keypad Board .....................................................................................43
2.4.4 Removing Display and Main Board .......................................................................................................44
2.5 i425e and i425t Assembly Procedure .......................................................................................... 45
2.5.1 Main Board Inspection ...........................................................................................................................45
2.5.2 Back Housing Inspection........................................................................................................................46
2.5.3 Keypad Board and Popple Installation ...................................................................................................47
2.5.4 Keypad and Display Preparation ............................................................................................................48
2.5.5 Assembly of Display and Keypad Board................................................................................................49
2.5.6 Assembly of Front Housing....................................................................................................................50
2.5.7 Closing the Unit......................................................................................................................................51
2.6 i290 Disassembly Procedure ........................................................................................................ 52
2.6.1 Disassembly Sequence Flowchart ..........................................................................................................52
2.6.2 Battery Cover, Battery, and SIM Card Removal ....................................................................................53
2.6.3 Opening Unit and removing the Keypad Board .....................................................................................54
2.6.4 Removing Display and Main Board .......................................................................................................55
2.7 i290 Assembly................................................................................................................................56
2.7.1 Main Board Inspection ...........................................................................................................................56
2.7.2 Back Housing Inspection........................................................................................................................57
2.7.3 Keypad Board and Keypad Installation..................................................................................................58
2.7.4 Keypad and Display Preparation ............................................................................................................59
2.7.5 Assembly of Display and Keypad Board................................................................................................60
2.7.6 Assembly of Front Housing....................................................................................................................61
2.7.7 Closing the Unit......................................................................................................................................62
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................ 63
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................. 63
3.1 Digital Analysis Test..................................................................................................................... 63
3.2 LO Output Test............................................................................................................................. 67
3.3 RX Main VCO Test...................................................................................................................... 68
3.4 Power-Up Test (V6, FILT_B+).................................................................................................... 70
3.5 Keypad Failure Test..................................................................................................................... 71
3.6 SLEDGEHAMMER Test............................................................................................................. 72
3.7 RX Analysis Test........................................................................................................................... 74
3.8 TX Power Test .............................................................................................................................. 79
3.9 RF PA Module Test...................................................................................................................... 80
3.10 SLEDGEHAMMER TX Test .................................................................................................. 83
3.11 Earpiece Speaker Test .............................................................................................................. 86
3.12 High Audio Speaker Test ......................................................................................................... 88
3.13 Audio Loopback Level Test ..................................................................................................... 91
6880401P26-O
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3.14 Reference Oscillator Test..........................................................................................................94
3.15 DC Distribution (V2) Test ........................................................................................................96
3.16 DC Distribution (V3) Test ........................................................................................................97
3.17 DC Distribution (V4) Test ........................................................................................................98
3.18 DC Distribution (4.5V Pre-Regulator) Test............................................................................ 99
3.19 DC Distribution (V_VIB) Test ............................................................................................... 100
3.20 DC Distribution (VUSB) Test.................................................................................................101
3.21 DC Distribution (VSIM) Test.................................................................................................102
3.22 DC Distribution (VHOLD) Test.............................................................................................103
3.23 DC Distribution (VC Reg) Test..............................................................................................104
3.24 Model Assembly (MA) Test Mode Test.................................................................................105
3.25 GPS Receiver Test...................................................................................................................107
3.26 Mototalk (i290 ONLY)............................................................................................................110
Chapter 4...................................................................................................111
4.1 Component Layout Main Board – Front..................................................................................112
4.2 Component Layout Main Board – Back................................................................................... 113
4.3 Component Layout Keypad Board – Front..............................................................................114
4.4 Component Layout Keypad Board – Back...............................................................................115
4.5 MAIN PCB - Block Hierarchy...................................................................................................116
4.6 BATTERY_BLOCK - Battery Connections .........................................................................117
4.7 ACC_CONN_BLOCK - EMU Connector................................................................................118
4.8 ROADRUNNER_BLOCK - Audio Section..............................................................................119
4.9 ROADRUNNER_BLOCK - Power Section..............................................................................120
4.10 ROADRUNNER_BLOCK - Interface and A/D ...................................................................121
4.11 DIGITAL_BLOCK - JTAG Test Connector........................................................................122
4.12 DIGITAL_BLOCK - Connectors, SIM, misc.......................................................................123
4.13 DIGITAL_BLOCK - Patriot and Memory...........................................................................124
4.14 BLUETOOTH_BLOCK - Bluetooth Circuit........................................................................125
4.15 TRANSCEIVER - Xmit, Xcvr, VCO, TCXO.......................................................................126
4.16 KEYPAD BOARD - Keypad, BL, Logo, Spkr, Mic, Vib, Flex ...........................................127
4.17 Component Locations.............................................................................................................128
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APPENDIX A .......................................................................................... 139
A.1 Customer Service............................................................................................................................ 139
A.2 Replacement Parts.......................................................................................................................... 139
A.3 Domestic Orders ............................................................................................................................. 139
A.4 International Orders ...................................................................................................................... 139
A.5 Replacement Kits............................................................................................................................ 140
A.6 Recommended Test Equipment and Tools................................................................................... 141
A.7 Recommended Programming Equipment.................................................................................... 142
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
Chapter 1
iDEN SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.1 iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
The Integrated Digital Enhanced Network or iDEN of the i425/i290 operates in multiple modes: phone, private, data,
and group; and uses two digital modulation technologies: Quad QAM, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a modulation technique that transmits information by altering the
amplitude and phase of the radio frequency (RF) signal. Data is converted into complex symbols, which alter the RF
signal and transmit the information. When the signal is received, the amplitude and phase are converted back into
symbols and then into the original data.
The i425/i290 uses 16QAM only for voice and data applications. In 16QAM, there are 16 possible combinations of 4
bits. The traditional 25 kHz channel used for two-way radios is split into four QAM signals (sub-carriers) that are
transmitted simultaneously. This technique can transmit 64 Kbps in a single 25 kHz channel.
The iDEN system requires approximately 10 Kbps to transmit a compressed voice; therefore, 64 Kbps can
accommodate 6 voice channels or 3 voice channels in enhanced systems.
The signal spectrum of the Quad 16QAM is shown in Figure 2
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Frequency from Desired Channel Center (kHz)
Figure:2. Spectrum of iDEN Quad 16QAM

OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is used to allocate portions of the RF signal by dividing time into 6 slots, one for
each unit. Time allocation enables each unit to transmit its voice information without interference from another unit’s
transmission. Transmission from a unit or base station is accommodated in time-slot lengths of 15 milliseconds and
frame lengths of 90 milliseconds. See Figure 3
Note that RX (outbound) indicates base-to subscriber transmissions, (forward link); TX (inbound) indicates
subscriber-to-base transmissions, (reverse link). The RX and TX slots are paired and have a fixed offset of 19
milliseconds; their timings are synchronized by the iDEN system. The TDMA technique requires sophisticated
algorithms and a digital-signal processor (DSP) to perform voice compression/decompression and RF
modulation/demodulation.
Portable Unit
When turned on, scans for control station, then transmits one slot every six slots.
Figure 1 iDEN TDMA Format
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
1.2 iDEN Voice Compression Technology
Voice is converted into a digital bit stream by sampling the voice signal at a high rate and
converting the samples into numbers, which are represented by bits. A sample consists of 8 bits.
Approximately 8000 samples per second (64 Kbps) are required to maintain a reasonable quality.
Voice compression reduces the number of bits per second while maintaining the voice at an
acceptable quality level. The iDEN system uses a coding technique called Vector Sum Excited
Linear Prediction (VSELP) to compress voice to 4.2 or 8.0 Kbps. The compressed voice-data
bits modulate the RF signal. The compression rate is based on the type of call dispatch and
the network configuration established by the local service provider.
Adding error-correction bits to the coded-voice bits increases the required RF-transmission bit rate
to approximately 7.4 Kbps for the 4.2 Kbps voice coder and 14.8 Kbps for the 8.0 Kbps voice
coder.
RF Transmission Bursts
RF transmissions within an iDEN system occur in 15 millisecond blocks called bursts. An iDEN
base station transmits bursts continuously on each RF frequency it uses. Transmission bursts from
the stations are synchronized in time by signals received from the global positioning satellite (GPS)
system. Each burst is numbered; the number is referred to as the slot number. All bursts occurring
at a given time carry the same slot number.
Inbound transmission bursts (sent from the unit) are offset 19 milliseconds from the outbound
burst; the inbound burst begins 4 milliseconds after the end of the outbound burst. See Figure 1.
This offset in time allows the unit to appear capable of transmitting and receiving at the same time
(it actually is switching rapidly back and forth between receiving and transmitting).
In i425 iDEN receive frequency range is 851-870 MHz and the transmit frequency range is 45
MHz below the receive band at 806 to 825 MHz.
An iDEN channel is created by grouping bursts, so their slot numbers differ by the repetition rate.
For dispatch calls the i425/i290 uses a single frequency that can handle six calls using a 6:1
repetition rate with the 4.2 Kbps coder or a 3:1 repetition rate with the 8.0 kbps. The audio
quality with the 3:1 repetition rate is superior to the 6:1 rate.
The dual band unit will power up in the 800 MHz band and will use control channels, Primary
Control Channel (PCCH) and Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH). The iDEN system can operate
three voice channels simultaneously in dispatch mode on a single RF carrier at 25 kHz bandwidth.
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OVERVIEW: iDEN Digital Modulation Technology
1.3 iDEN Power Management
The Roadrunner IC is a 223 I/O MAP BGA integrated circuit (IC) and provides the following
DC distribution for the i425:
•V1 – 1.55 VDC. The V1_LDO is intended to power the external FLASH and SDRAM
memories in a Zeus-based platform, and the INDY core itself in a low tier platform.
•V2 - 2.775 VDC at 350 mA. This supply is used to power most of the RF circuits.
•V3 – 1.875 VDC TRANSCEIVER digital supply
•V4 supplies 2.8 VDC at 50 mA. Dedicated supply for the the Thermistor Bias (Battery,
Board ID) and TCXO.
•VSIM supplies 3.0 VDC at 15 mA to the SIM card
•VSBMASTER - (i425 not used)
•VHOLD - (i425 not used) 1.88 VDC
•VCO superfilter is used for the transceiver VCO’s. The SF_OUT supply is intended as the
power supply for the external VCO and the integrated Escort VCO on Sledgehammer. The
input for the VCO superfilter is V2.
•VMMC – i425 not used. (2.8V)
•SW1 – i425 not used. (1.55V)
•VVIB- 3V at maximum current of 200mA. This supply is used for Vibrator motor operation.
•SW2 – 1.875 VDC at maximum current of 250mA. This switching supply is used for
supplying Digital (Patriot, memory, Display) I/O section.
•SW3 – 5.1 VDC at maximum current of 200mA. This switching supply is used to supply for
all backlighting system (Key Pad, Display, PTT and carrier logo LED) and Microphone
biasing
The battery supplies the Raw_B+ and Filtered_B+. RAW_B+ supplies the RF PA. Filtered_B+
directly supplies Roadrunner and most of its cascaded regulators.
The unit operates with a low-level battery voltage of 3.0 VDC, nominal-level voltage of 3.6 VDC,
and high-level voltage of 4.2 VDC.
Below is the Roadrunner IC for the DC Power Distribution in the i425/i290 unit:
•Analog/digital portions of a real-time clock (RTC)
•Battery charger
•14-channel, 10-bit A/D converter
•Control logic
•SIM card level shifters
•USB/RS232 transceiver support
•Internal PMOS pass devices
•e (SPI) read/write interfaceSerial peripheral interfac
•Battery feedback switch
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