Motorola ZN 200 User manual

Level 1-2 Service Manual
68000201280
ZN 200
Quad-Band Wireless Telephone
ZN200
GSM 850/900, DCS 1800, and PCS1900 MHz

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
The bluetooth trademarks are owned by their proprietor and used by Motorola, Inc. under license.
Motorol, Inc. 2007.
All Rights reserved.
Mobile Devices Business,
SawgrassInternational Concourse
789 International Parkway
Room S2C

2July 03, 2008
Table of Contents ZN200
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ . . . . .4
Product Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Product Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Product Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Regulatory Agency Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Computer Program Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
About This Service Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Warranty Service Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Parts Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
General Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Controls, Indicators, and Input/Output (I/O) Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
User Interface Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Alert Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Battery Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Tools and Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Removing and Replacing the Battery Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Removing and Replacing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Removing and Replacing the Upper Module and Lower Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Removing and Replacing the Keypad PCBA Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Removing and Replacing the LCM Module and Receiver Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Removing and Replacing the Main PCBA Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Removing and Replacing the Antenna Carrier and Speaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Removing and Replacing the Camera Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Removing and Replacing the SUB PCBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) and Identification Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
SIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Manual Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Manual Test Mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Troubleshooting Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Programming: Software Upgrade and Flexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Part Number Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Exploded View Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Exploded View Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

July 03, 2008 3
Level Service Manual
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4July 03, 2008
Introduction
Introduction
Motorola®Inc. maintains a worldwide organization that is dedicated to provide responsive, full-
service customer support. Motorola products are serviced by an international network of
company-operated product care centers as well as authorized independent service firms.
Available on a contract basis, Motorola Inc. offers comprehensive maintenance and installation
programs which enable customers to meet requirements for reliable, continuous
communications.
To learn more about the wide range of Motorola service programs, contact your local Motorola
products representative or the nZN200earest Customer Service Manager.
Product Identification
Motorola products are identified by the model number on the housing. Use the entire model
number when inquiring about the product. Numbers are also assigned to chassis and kits. Use
these numbers when requesting information or ordering replacement parts.
Product Names
Product names are subject to change without notice. some product names, as well as some
frequency bands, are available only in certain market.
Product Changes
When electrical, mechanical or production changes are incorporated into Motorola products, a
revision letter is assigned to the chassis or kit affected, for example; -A, -B, or -C, and so on.
The chassis or kit number, complete with revision number is imprinted during production. The
revision letter is an integral part of the chassis or kit number and is also listed on schematic
diagrams, and printed circuit board layouts.
Regulatory Agency Compliance
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
conditions:
• This device may not cause any harmful interference, and
• this device must accept interference received, including interference that may cause undes-
ired operation
This class B device also complies with all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing
Equipment Regulations (ICES-003).
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel
brouilleur du Canada.
Computer Program Copyrights
The Motorola products described in this manual may include Motorola computer programs
stored in semiconductor memories or other media that are copyrighted with all rights reserved
worldwide to Motorola. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola,
Inc. certain exclusive rights to the copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right
to copy, reproduce, modify, decompile, disassemble, and reverse-engineer the Motorola
computer programs in any manner or form without Motorola's prior written consent.
Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or
by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license or rights under the copyrights, patents, or

July 03, 2008 5
Level Service Manual Introduction
patent applications of Motorola, except for a nonexclusive license to use the Motorola product
and the Motorola computer programs with the Motorola product.
About This Service Manual
Using this service manual and the suggestions contained in it assures proper installation,
operation, and maintenance of ZN200 telephones. Refer questions about this manual to the
nearest Customer Service Manager.
Audience
This document aids service personnel in testing and repairing ZN200 telephones. Service
personnel should be familiar with electronic assembly, testing, and troubleshooting methods,
and with the operation and use of associated test equipment.
Use of this manual assures proper installation, operation, and maintenance of Motorola products
and equipment. It contains all service information required for the equipment described and is
current as of the printing date.
Scope
This manual provides basic information relating to ZN200 telephones, and also to provide
procedures and processes for repairing the units at Level 1 and 2 service centers including:
• Unit swap out
• Repairing of mechanical faults
• Basic modular troubleshooting
• Testing and verification of unit functionality
• Initiate warranty claims and send faulty modules to Level 3 or 4 repair
centers.

6July 03, 2008
Introduction
Conventions
Special characters and typefaces, listed and described below, are used in this publication to
emphasize certain types of information.
Warranty Service Policy
The product is sold with the standard 12 month warranty terms and conditions. Accidental
damage, misuse, and extended warranties offered by retailers are not supported under warranty.
Non warranty repairs are available at agreed fixed repair prices.
Out of Box Failure Policy
The standard out of box failure criteria applies. Customer phones that fail very early on after the
date of sale, are to be returned to Manufacturing for root cause analysis, to guard against epidemic
criteria. Manufacturing to bear the costs of early life failure.
Product Support
Customer’s original phones will be repaired but not refurbished as standard. Appointed Motorola
Service Hubs will perform warranty and non-warranty field service for level 2 (assemblies) and
level 3 (limited PCB component). Motorola High Tech Centers will perform level 4 (full
component) repairs.
Customer Support
Customer support is available through dedicated Call Centers and in-country help desks.
Product-Service training should be arranged through the local Motorola Support Center.
Note: Emphasizes additional information pertinent to the subject matter.
Caution: Emphasizes information about actions which may result in equipment damage.
Warning: Emphasizes information about actions which may result in personal injury.

July 03, 2008 7
Level Service Manual Introduction
Parts Replacement
When ordering replacement parts or equipment, include the Motorola part number and
description used in the service manual.
When the Motorola part number of a component is not known, use the product model number
or other related major assembly along with a description of the related major assembly and of
the component in question.
In the U.S.A., to contact Motorola, Inc. on your TTY, call: 800-793-7834.
Replacement Parts Service Division (RPSD)
Website: http://businessonline.motorola.com
For EMEA spare parts call [phone].
Website: http://emeaonline.motorola.com
For Asia spare parts call [phone].
Website: http://asiaonline.motorola.com
U.S.A. Outside U.S.A.
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
FAX: [phone] FAX: [phone]

8July 03, 2008
Specifications
Specifications
General Function Specification
Frequency Range GSM 850 824-849 MHzTx
869-894 MHzRx
Frequency Range GSM 900 880-915 MHzTx
925-960 MHzRx
Frequency Range GSM 1800 1710-1785 MHzTx
1805-1880 MHzRx
Frequency Range GSM 1900 1850-1910 MHzTx
1930-1990 MHzRx
Channel Spacing 200KHz
Channels EGSM 174/DCS 374/PCS 299/ GSM850 124
(Carrier with 8 channel per carrier)
Modulation GMSK at BT=0.3
Transmitter Phase Accuracy ≦5 degrees RMS, 20 degrees peak
Duplex Spacing 45 MHz (GSM850, GSM900), 95 MHz (DCS
1800), 80MHz (PCS 1900)
Frequency Stability ±0.10 ppm of the downlink frequency (Rx)
Operating Voltage +3.2V dc to +4.2V dc (battery)
Transmit Current Drain 90 - 180 mA average talk current drain
Standby Current Drain 4.75mA (DRX2), 5.25mA (DRX9)
Temperature Range -10℃to 55℃(15℉to 130℉)
Dimensions L 105mm X W47mm X H15.94mm
Size (Volume) 80cc
Weight 113g
Battery Life, with standard 780
mAh Li-Ion Battery
GSM
Vocie Call: 245 ~ to 511 mins
Standby DRX5 = 289 hrs
All talk and standby times are approximate
and depend on network configuration, signal
strength, and features selected. Standby
times are quoted at DRX=5.
Talk time are quoted with DTX ON.
Battery Charge time 4 hours to 90% of 810 mAh capacity
Alert Volume Max 95dB @ 5 cm, 0.5 watts input
Transmitter Function Specification

July 03, 2008 9
Level Service Manual Specifications
RF Power Output 32.5 dBm nominal GSM 850/ GSM 900
29.5 dBm nominal DCS 1800/PCS 1900
Output Impedance 50 ohms nominal
Spurious Emissions ≦-36 dBm from 0.1 to 1 GHz, -30 dBm from
1 to 4 GHz
Speech Coding Function Specification
Speech Coding Type Regular pulse excitation/Linear predictive
coding with long term prediction (RPE LPC
with LTP)
Bit Rate 13.0 kbps
Frame Duration 20 ms
Block Length 260 bits
Classes Class 1 bit = 182 bits/Class 2 bits = 78 bits
Bit Rate with FEC Encoding 22.8 kbps

10 July 03, 2008
Product Overview
Product Overview
Motorola ZN200 mobile telephones feature global system for mobile communications (GSM)
air interface, general packet radio service (GPRS) transport technology, and wireless application
protocol (WAP) Internet browser. The mobile telephone uses a simplified icon and graphical-
based user interface (UI) for easier operation, allows short message service (SMS) text
messaging, and include clock, alarm, datebook, calculator, and caller profiling personal
management tools. The ZN200 is a dual-band phone that allows roaming within the 900 MHz
and digital cellular system (DCS) 1800 MHz, or GSM 850/personal communication system
(PCS) 1900 MHz, depends on hardware.
ZN200 telephones support GPRS and SMS in addition to traditional circuit switched transport
technologies. GPRS, where available, provides substantial increases in mobile data
communications performance and the efficient use of radio spectrum. Data transmission rates
for GSM networks can potentially increase from the current rate of 9.6 kbps up to a theoretical
maximum of 171.2 kbps. An increased data rate is by no means the only benefit provided by
GPRS. A key advantage is the provision of a permanent virtual connection to the network. This
“always on” connection is possible because GPRS uses packet data transfer so that, for example,
email can be downloaded in “background mode.” There is no need for the user to reconnect
before requesting a service, eliminating connection set-up delays and adding convenience and
immediacy to data services access. The “virtual” nature of this connection means that network
resources are not consumed during periods when a user is not actually sending or receiving data.
The telephones are made of polycarbonate plastic. The display and speaker, as well as the 21-
key keypad, transceiver printed circuit board (PCB), microphone, charger and headphone
connectors, and power button are contained within the clamshell form-factor housing. The user-
replaceable 810 mAh Lithium Ion (LiIon) battery provides up to 511 minutes of talk time with
up to 289 hours of standby time1. The phone accepts 3V mini subscriber identity module (SIM)
cards which fit into the SIM holder under the battery. These telephones feature a 176 x 200 pixel
high-resolution color graphics display and an internal antenna.
Features
ZN200 telephones use advanced, self-contained, sealed, custom integrated circuits to perform
the complex functions required for GSM GPRS communication. Aside from the space and
weight advantage, microcircuits enhance basic reliability, simplify maintenance, and provide a
wide variety of operational functions.
Features available in this family of telephones include:
• 176 x 220 262K 1.88’ TFT LCD
•FMRadio
• MP3 Melody
• Supports SMS, concatenated SMS, MMS, instant messaging, and cell broadcast messages2
• Supports GPRS, circuit switched, and SMS networks2
• WAP 2.0
• 2M- pixel camera sensor
• Bluetooth 2.0
• Personal management tools calculator with currency converter, real time clock with date,
reminders, and caller profiling
1. All talk and standby times are approximate and depend on network configuration, signal strength, and features selected.
Standby times are quoted as a range from DRX=2 to DRX=9. Talk times are quoted as a range from DTX off to DTX on.
2. Network, subscription and SIM card or service provider dependent feature. Not available in all areas.

July 03, 2008 11
Level Service Manual Product Overview
Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) 2.0 Compliancy
In the WAP environment, access to the Internet is initiated in wireless markup language (WML),
which is derived from hypertext markup language (HTML). The request is passed to a WAP
gateway which retrieves the information from the server in standard HTML (subsequently
filtered to WML) or directly in WML if available. The information is then passed to the mobile
subscriber via the mobile network. The ZN200’s microbrowser can be configured for baud, idle
timeout, line type, phone number, and connection type.
Caller Line Identification
Upon receipt of a call, the calling party’s phone number is compared to the phonebook. If the
number matches a phonebook entry, that name will be displayed. If there is no phonebook entry,
the incoming phone number will be displayed. In the event that no caller identification
information is available, an incoming call message is displayed.
SIM Toolkit™ - Class 2
SIM Application Toolkit is a value-added service delivery mechanism that allows GSM
operators to customize the services they offer their customers, from the occasional user who
requests sports news and traffic alerts, to a high call time business user who receives stock alerts
and checks flight times. Operators can now create their own value-added services menu quickly
and easily in the phone. The customized menu will appear as the first menu and may be updated
over-the-air with new services when customers request them.
Personal Information Management
The ZN200 telephone contains a built-in calendar with datebook reminders and phonebook.
Other Features
Detailed descriptions of the other features can be found in the appropriate ZN200 telephone user
guides listed in the Related Publications section toward the end of this manual.
Bitmap image data will download as text. If the image is larger than the screen,only part of the
image will display.
If the user receives a call while in browser mode, the browser will pause and allow the user to
resume after completing the call.
User must subscribe to a caller line identification service through their service provider.

12 July 03, 2008
General Operation
General Operation
Controls, Indicators, and Input/Output (I/O) Connectors
The ZN200 telephones’ controls are located on the front and side of the device, and on the
keyboard as shown in Figure 1. Indicators, in the form of icons, are displayed on the LCD (see
Figure 3).
Figure 1. ZN200 Telephone Controls Locations

July 03, 2008 13
Level Service Manual General Operation
Menu Navigation
ZN200 telephones are equipped with a simplified icon and graphical-based user interface. The
phone also features 6 user-definable shortcuts to menu options that are accessed by pressing the
soft keys and 4-way navigation key. See Figure 3 for details of the ZN200 menu structure. A 4-
way navigation key allows you to move easily through menus. Left soft key lets you confirm
your selection. When the up/down side key (voice activation key) is held down from a idle
display, provides a shortcut to voice dialing and voice feature launcher.
Figure 2. ZN200 Telephone Controls Locations

14 July 03, 2008
General Operation
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
The LCD provides an 832 square millimeter multi color backlit color display with user-
adjustable contrast settings for optimum readability in all light conditions. The large bit-mapped
176 x 220 pixel display.
Display animation makes the phone’s icon menu move smoothly as the user scrolls up and down.
Figure 3 shows some common icons display on the LCD
Whether a phone displays all indicators depends on the programming and services to which
the user subscribes.
Figure 3. ZN200 Display Icons

July 03, 2008 15
Level Service Manual General Operation
Figure 4. ZN200 Display Icons
Figure 5. ZN200 Display Icons

16 July 03, 2008
General Operation
Alert Settings
In addition to 35 preset ring tones, ZN200 telephones allow the user to download 5 additional
ring tones via GPRS/USB. (Availability is carrier and Network dependant). Motorola ZN200
phones incorporate the VibraCall®discreet vibrating alert that helps to avoid disturbing others
when a ringing phone is unacceptable. Alerts can be set to ring only, vibrate only, vibrate then
ring, or no ring or vibrate. Additionally, the profiling feature allows users to identify incoming
calls by a specific ringer tone.
Battery Function
Battery Charge Indicator
The telephone displays a battery charge indicator icon in the idle screen to indicate the battery
charge level. The gauge shows four levels: 100%, 66%, 33%, and Low Battery.
Battery Removal
Removing the battery causes the phone to shut down immediately and loose any pending work
(partially entered phonebook entries or outgoing messages, for example).
Operation
For detailed operating instructions, refer to the appropriate User Guide listed in the Related
Publications section toward the end of this manual.
All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive
material such as jewelry, keys, or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The conductive
material may complete an electrical circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot. Exercise care
in handling any charged battery, particularly when placing it inside a pocket, purse, or other
container with metal objects.
If the battery is removed while receiving a message, the message is lost.
To ensure proper memory retention, turn the phone OFF before removing the battery. Imme-
diately replace the old battery with a fresh battery.

July 03, 2008 17
Level Service Manual Tools and Test Equipment
Tools and Test Equipment
Table 1 lists the tools and test equipment used on ZN200 telephones. Use either the listed items
or equivalents.
Table 1. General Test Equipment and Tools
Motorola Part Number1
1. To order in North America, contact Motorola Aftermarket and Accessories Division (AAD) by phone at [phone] or
FAX [phone]. Internationally, AAD can be reached by calling [phone] or by fax [phone].
Description Application
See Table 6 Charger Used to charge battery and power
phone
0180386A82 Antistatic Mat Kit (includes 66-80387A95
antistatic mat, 66-80334B36 ground
cord, and 42-80385A59 wrist band)
Provides protection from damage to
phone caused by electrostatic discharge
(ESD)
8102430Z04 GSM/DCS Test SIM Used to enable manual test mode
6680388B67 Disassembly tool, plastic with flat and
pointed ends (manual opening tool)
Used during assembly/disassembly
6680388B01 Tweezers, plastic Used during assembly/disassembly
Philips screw driver Used during assembly/disassembly
RSX4043-A Torque Driver Used to remove and replace screws
— Torque Driver Bit T-5 Plus, Apex 440-6IP
Torx Plus or equivalent
Used with torque driver
HP34401A2
2. Not available from Motorola. To order, contact Hewlett Packard at [phone].
Digital Multimeter Used to measure battery voltage

18 July 03, 2008
Disassembly
Disassembly
This chapter serves as a guideline to help the respective service personnel in the repairing of
ZN200 up to level 2. At Level 1 stage, technician can repair those components without using
screwdriver or any special devices.
.
Removing and Replacing the Battery Door
1. Hold the battery door latch and take out the Battery cover illustrated in Figure 6.
2. To replace, align the battery door hook to the case D and press to the battery door latch.
Many of the integrated devices used in this phone are vulnerable to damage from electrostatic
discharge (ESD). Ensure adequate static protection is in place when handling, shipping, and
servicing any internal components.
Avoid stressing the plastic in any way to avoid damage to either the plastic or internal
components.
Please use tools appropriate to the specification set disassembly. Do not press the unreasonable
force at disassembly. The set may be damaged.
Figure 6. Removing the Battery Door

July 03, 2008 19
Level Service Manual Disassembly
Removing and Replacing the Battery
1. Lift the side of the battery first, then remove it from the phone. See figure 7.
2. To replace, align the battery with the battery compartment so the contacts on the battery
match the battery contacts in the phone.
3. Insert the battery, contacts side first into the battery compartment and push down followed
by the opposite edge of the battery.
4. Replace the battery door as described in the procedures.
Removing and Replacing the Upper Module and Lower Module
1. Remove the battery door and battery as described in the procedures.
All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive
material such as jewelry, keys, or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The conductive
material may complete an electrical circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot. Exercise care
in handling any charged battery, particularly when placing it inside a pocket, purse, or other
container with metal objects.
Figure 7. Removing the Battery
There is a danger of explosion if the Lithium Ion battery is replaced incorrectly. Replace only
with the same type of battery or equivalent as recommended by the battery manufacturer.
dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions.