Nokia A032 User manual

Wireless LAN Access Point
Advanced User Guide

ii
Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Copyright notices
Copyright © 1999, 2000. Nokia Internet Communications Inc. All rights reserved.
Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation, Finland.
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows NT are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
manufacturers.
We reserve the right to make changes and improvements to any of the products described
in this guide without prior notice. Nokia is not responsible for any loss of data, income or
any consequential damage howsoever caused.
ISSUE 2
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iii
Welcome
This guide tells you how to operate the Nokia
A032 Wireless LAN Access Point, and provides
information about configuration options,
management and performance tuning.
How to use this guide
You should first have read and followed the
instructions in the Getting Started guide.
The material in this guide is for more advanced
users and system managers who want to
customize and fine-tune the Nokia A032’s
performance.
• Using the Web manager – This describes the
web browser-based interface for
configuring and monitoring the Nokia
A032.
• Command line interface – This describes
other ways of configuring the Nokia A032.
• NID naming and security – How to use MAC
addresses to control network access.
• Using TFTP – How to upload and download
configuration files and firmware updates.
• SNMP manager – Explains the capabilities
of the Nokia A032 SNMP agent.
• Appendices – These provide more detailed
material, such as WEP security measures,
using wireless repeaters and bridges,
upgrading instructions and troubleshooting
tips.
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iv
Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Conventions used in this guide
Internet gateway information
Information relating to use of the Nokia A032
as an Internet access device, either by dial-up
or NAT, is shown with a bar on the right-hand
side of the page:
Such information includes Internet settings and
NAT addressing and firewalls.
Notes
You’ll find tips or other useful facts in side
notes throughout the manual.
Pay particular attention to notes that start with
Note or WARNING .
Text conventions
The following conventions are used throughout
this manual:
•
courier
is used for file names, or to
denote text that appears on your screen.
•
courier bold
is used to denote text that
you should type in.
• new terms are shown in italic text the first
time they appear.
•
bold
text denotes the name of a physical
button or LED on the
Nokia A032
unit (e.g.
the
alert
LED) or a button on screen that you
need to click (e.g. “click
Restart
”).
Internet Gateway
Your Nokia A032 can
transfer information
between a wired LAN
and a wireless LAN.
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Contents
v
Table of contents
Copyright notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
Using the Web manager 1
Displaying the Access Point home page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Status monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Web-based setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Command line interface 67
Accessing the command line manager (CLM) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using the CLM ‘set’ command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
CLM commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
NID naming and security 97
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Using NID names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Using TFTP 103
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Sending and fetching files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
TFTP-accessible data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
SNMP manager 117
MIB Summary – RFC1213 – MIB II (1.3.6.1.2…) . . . . . . . . 118
SNMP configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Appendix A – Data encryption and
security 127
General security overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
WEP security overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
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Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Appendix B – Wireless bridges and
repeaters 145
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Configuring for wireless bridge/repeater operation . . . . . 151
Associated CLM commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Setting up bridges using WEPGen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Appendix C – Factory defaults 157
Appendix D – Utilities CD-ROM 161
Installing the Nokia A032 utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Appendix E – Using the WEPGen utility 163
Installing the WEPGen utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Running the WEPGen utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Appendix F – Troubleshooting 175
Renewing client IP information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Startup problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Troubleshooting dial-up connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Resetting factory defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Appendix G – Upgrading 191
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Upgrading the Nokia A032 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Appendix H – NAT setup 197
Setting the NAT port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Setting NAT holes – providing external access . . . . . . . . 201
Index 203
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Using the Web manager
1
1. Using the Web manager
The Getting Started guide explained how to
perform initial configuration by putting the
Nokia A032 into Learn mode.
Now you can access all of the Nokia A032’s
setup pages from any station (wired or
wireless), using a standard browser interface,
while the Nokia A032 is in Normal mode.
This is the easiest way of configuring your
Nokia A032. The other methods available are
described in Command line interface on
page 67, Using TFTP on page 103 and
Appendix G – Upgrading .
The browser interface also provides
comprehensive status monitoring capabilities.
• Displaying the Access Point home page ,
below, explains how to access the browser-
based setup and configuration pages.
• Status monitoring on page 5 explains how
to monitor wireless link statistics, modem
and LAN activity, for example, using the
browser interface.
• Web-based setup on page 32 gives a
detailed description of every parameter
available for customizing the A032.
In some cases, you can
only configure the
Nokia A032 from a
nominated station.
See Management
security options on
page 45.
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2
Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Displaying the Access Point home page
To display the Access Point home page:
1 If necessary, start up the Nokia A032 in
Normal mode.
2 From any wired or wireless LAN station,
start a web browser (such as Internet
Explorer).
3 Point the browser to the IP address of the
Access Point. For example:
http://192.168.0.1
You’ll see the Nokia A032 home page:
From here, you can access all of the Nokia
A032’s Status and Setup pages, as described
below.
You can return to this home page at any time
during status monitoring or configuration by
clicking
Home
in the lefthand frame.
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Using the Web manager
3
Home page features
The Home page gives a graphical indication of
the status of the Nokia A032 and allows quick
navigation to other status screens. The
components shown here will depend on your
setup.
Menu bar
Down the lefthand side of the Home page
there’s a menu bar with the following links:
•
Home
– Displays the Home page.
•
Status
– Displays a brief summary of the
A032’s current status (see Main status
screen on page 8).
•
Setup
– Allows you to enter the web-based
configuration manager (see Displaying
Setup pages on page 32 for more
information).
Graphical cues and links
The image of the A032 on the Home page gives
you a quick idea of the status of the various
interfaces. You can click different parts of the
image to view certain status pages.
See Status summary and graphical links on
page 6 for more details.
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4
Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Internet link action buttons
When dial-up Internet access is enabled, three
buttons on the Home page give you manual
control over dialing the modem:
•
Connect
– If the Internet link is down, click
this to make a connection.
•
Disconnect (Abort)
– If the Internet link is up,
click here to disconnect immediately. While
the unit is dialing or in the process of
connecting the button will display
Abort
but
the result is the same.
•
Disable (Enable)
– Sometimes you need to
prevent the unit from attempting to make
automatic connections to the Internet. You
can disable automatic dialing by entering
the management password and clicking
Disable
. After the Internet connection has
been disabled the unit will no longer
attempt to dial out when users try to access
the Internet. However, it will still be
possible to force a connection by clicking
Connect .
While automatic dialing is disabled the
button text reads
Enable
; enter the password
and click here to reenable.
Internet Gateway
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Using the Web manager
5
Status monitoring
You can use the Home page to monitor status,
manually initiate or terminate the dial-up
Internet link and navigate to other status
screens.
Navigating the Status pages
There are two ways of viewing the Status
pages:
• Clicking the
Status
link in the lefthand
menu bar
• Clicking various active parts of the image
on the Home page.
Using the Status link
Click the
Status
link in the lefthand menu bar.
• You’ll see a summary of the Nokia A032’s
status (see Main status screen on page 8).
• The menu bar will change, giving you links
to all the status pages:
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Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
The status screens are described in detail later
in this section (starting with Main status screen
on page 8).
Status summary and graphical links
The image on the Home page gives you visual
cues as to the current status of the LAN, Internet
and wireless subsystems.
As a short-cut, you can click various active
parts of the Nokia A032 image on the Home
page.
The following table summarizes these features.
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Using the Web manager
7
Active image Click to
display… Status summary indication
LAN LAN
statistics
see
page 15
If a 10baseT LAN connection is present, a beige
connector is shown.
If no connection is present, no picture is shown.
Radio Radio
statistics
see
page 11
If the radio is operating normally it will be shown
with a red check mark. If the radio is not present, or
operating incorrectly, the radio is shown with a
large red cross.
Internet When dial-up Internet access is configured, this
shows whether the modem link is currently
connected. When there is no connection, the link is
shown as a black broken line. When the unit is in the
process of dialing or connecting, the link is shown as
a solid dark green line. A successfully connected link
is indicated by a bright green line with moving
yellow bullets.
Globe Modem
statistics
see
page 19
Link to globe PPP
statistics
see
page 16
A032 unit Internals
status
see
page 30
None.
Internet Gateway
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8Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Main status screen
You see this page when you click Status in the
lefthand menu.
This gives a summary of the access point
status:
The lefthand menu changes to give links to all
the detailed status reports.
The screen provides the following information:
Field Description
Time Current date and time as set in the unit
Access Point Name The user-defined name for the unit (also appears in the
screen header)
Wireless network status This will normally indicate Up. If the radio is not present
or faulty this will indicate Down
Number of Associated
Wireless Stations
This shows how many wireless users are attached to the
Nokia A032
LAN Network status TP – 10baseT (twisted pair)
OFF – the LAN has been disabled by the user.
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Using the Web manager 9
The following sections explain the status
screens displayed when you click on any of the
links in the lefthand menu.
Internet Access status This shows the current state of the Internet Access port.
Possible values are:
•Disabled – Internet Access is configured off
•Down – link is disconnected
•Backoff – Link is down and in backoff mode due to
previous failure to connect. Condition will clear after
a period of time or can be overridden by a manual
dial request
•Dialing – Unit is currently dialing to the Internet
•Connecting – Unit has connected to remote modem
and is negotiating link parameters
•Up – link is active
•AIR – The NAT firewall is configured to the radio port
•LAN – The NAT firewall is configured to the LAN port
Field Description
Internet Gateway
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10 Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
Statistics screens
There are four screens of data traffic statistics
for the Nokia A032:
• Radio
• Radio detail – provides more basic
information from the PCMCIA radio card
• LAN
• PPP.
To view these screens:
1Click Statistics in the lefthand menu.
This will show Radio statistics by default.
2You can access the other screens by clicking
the appropriate links at the bottom of the
page (Show Radio, Show Radio Detail and
Show LAN).
The difference between the two sets of Radio
information is subtle but important. For
example, if the radio receives data frames
which have a bad check word, the PCMCIA
radio card will count these frames but will not
pass them on to the software in the main access
point unit. Therefore information about CRC
errors is best obtained from the radio
Management Information Base (MIB) as
described in Radio card statistics on page 13. In
practice retransmission will normally ensure
that the lost data is recovered. The A032 has
information about both the radio interface and
the LAN interface and gives a good summary of
network activity.
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Using the Web manager 11
All tables of statistics have the following fields
in common:
Radio statistics
This is the default screen displayed when you
click Statistics in the lefthand menu:
This screen shows various statistics data for the
wireless link.
The lower half of the table shows data specific
to the interface – in this case the radio.
Information is shown for the accumulated
value and for the last 10 second sample.
Field Description
Statistics last cleared This shows the time and date when the accumulated
statistics were reset to zero. Often this will be the last
time the unit was restarted.
Seconds Accumulated The number of seconds over which statistics have been
accumulated. This can be useful for computing averages.
Note that the largest value that can be displayed is
about 4 billion (232). After this, the display will start
counting from zero again.
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12 Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
The following fields are provided:
It is important to note that these statistics are
collected by the A032 based on the frames sent
between it and the PCMCIA radio card. The
PCMCIA radio card does not forward all data to
the A032 main processor. For example, CRC
errors on received frames will be ignored by the
radio card and not passed to the A032 main
processor.
Field Description
Frames Transmitted Number of data and management frames sent over link
Bytes Transmitted Number of bytes of data sent over the link
Frames Received Number of data and MAC management frames received
Data Frames Rcvd The number of frames received from the radio which are
data frames (as opposed to management frames etc.).
Data Bytes Rcvd Number of bytes in received data frames
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Using the Web manager 13
Radio card statistics
To view the raw statistics from the radio card
click Show Radio Detail at the bottom of the
radio statistics page.
To return to the Radio statistics page, click the
Back icon or click Statistics in the lefthand
menu.
This shows statistics collected by the radio card,
presented in a form that matches the MIB
definition of IEEE802.11.
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14 Nokia A032 Advanced User Guide
The meaning of the fields in this screen is given
in the following table.
The fields update regularly. Click Clear to set
them all to zero.
Field Description
aTransmitted_MPDU_Count Number of frames transmitted
aTransmitted_MSDU_Count Number of data frames transmitted
aMulticast_Transmitted_Frame_
Count
Number of Multicasts sent
aFailed_Count Frames which could not be sent after
retry
aRetry_Count Frames which were resent
aMultiple_Retry_Count Occurrences when multiple retries were
needed to send a frame
aFrame_Duplicate_Count Number of duplicate frames received
(and discarded)
aRTS_Success_Count Count of CTS received in response to RTS
aRTS_Failure_Count Count of RTS that received no response
aACK_Failure_count Number of times ACK was not received
after transmission
aReceived_Frame_Count Number of received frames
aMulticast_Received_Count Number of Multicast frames received
aFCS_Error_Count Number of frames received with
checksum errors
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