Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... User manual

SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server
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May11,2007 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration
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Contents
About This Guide xv
Part I Deployment 1
1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3
1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2Deployment Strategies 7
2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3Installation with YaST 17
3.1 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3 TheBootScreen......................... 19
3.4 Language ............................ 21
3.5 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.6 LicenseAgreement........................ 24
3.7 SystemAnalysis.......................... 24
3.8 TimeZone............................ 25
3.9 Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.10 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.11 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.12 GraphicalLogin.......................... 41

4Remote Installation 43
4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 52
4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5Automated Installation 81
5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 99
6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.2 Customizing the rstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
7Advanced Disk Setup 111
7.1 LVMConguration........................ 111
7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8System Conguration with YaST 125
8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 126
8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8.3 Software............................ 127
8.4 Hardware............................ 141
8.5 System............................. 147
8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 159
8.7 NetworkServices........................ 160
8.8 AppArmor ........................... 167
8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
8.10 Virtualization.......................... 176
8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 176
8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 179
8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
8.14 SaX2.............................. 186
8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 192
8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

9Managing Software with ZENworks 193
9.1 Managing Packages from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . 194
9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 203
10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Part II Administration 225
11 OpenWBEM 227
11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 234
11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 257
12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
13 Oracle Cluster File System 2 267
13.1 Overview of OCFS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
13.2 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
13.3 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
13.4 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
14 Access Control Lists in Linux 281
14.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
14.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
14.3 Denitions........................... 283
14.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 284
14.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
14.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
15 RPM—the Package Manager 295
15.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
15.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 296

15.3 RPMandPatches........................ 297
15.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
15.5 RPMQueries.......................... 300
15.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
15.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
15.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
16 System Monitoring Utilities 307
16.1 Debugging........................... 308
16.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
16.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
16.4 Networking........................... 315
16.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 316
16.6 Processes............................ 320
16.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
16.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
16.9 TimeandDate.......................... 329
17 Working with the Shell 331
17.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
17.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
17.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
17.4 TheviEditor.......................... 358
Part III System 363
18 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 365
18.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 366
18.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
18.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
18.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
19 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 371
19.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
19.2 TheinitProcess......................... 375
19.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
20 The Boot Loader 387
20.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

20.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
20.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
20.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
20.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
20.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
20.7 Troubleshooting......................... 405
20.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
21 Special System Features 407
21.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
21.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 414
21.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
21.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
22 Virtualization 421
22.1 System and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
22.2 Virtualization Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
22.3 Installing Virtualization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
22.4 Starting the Virtualization Host Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
22.5 Managing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
22.6 Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
22.7 Windows Server 2003 Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
22.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
23 Printer Operation 435
23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 443
23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 452
24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 461
24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 461
24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 464
24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
25 File Systems in Linux 469
25.1 Terminology........................... 469
25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
26 The X Window System 481
26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
27 Authentication with PAM 495
27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
28 Power Management 503
28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
28.2 APM.............................. 505
28.3 ACPI.............................. 507
28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
29 Wireless Communication 529
29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 529
Part IV Services 541
30 Basic Networking 543
30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
30.3 NameResolution ........................ 559
30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
30.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 578
30.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
30.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
31 SLP Services in the Network 599
31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 599
31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
32 Time Synchronization with NTP 603
32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
33 The Domain Name System 609
33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 609
33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 626
33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 633
33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
34 DHCP 635
34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
35 Using NIS 653
35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

36 LDAP—A Directory Service 661
36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 662
36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
37 Samba 695
37.1 Terminology........................... 695
37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 705
37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 711
38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
39 File Synchronization 725
39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
40 The Apache HTTP Server 737
40.1 QuickStart........................... 737
40.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
40.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
40.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 756