Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION... User manual

SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server
www.novell.com10
August04,2006 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration
List of Authors: Jörg Arndt, Steve Bearnson, Stefan Behlert, Frank Bodammer, James Branam,
Volker Buzek, Klara Cihlarova, Catherine Craft, Olaf Dabrunz, Stefan Dirsch, Olaf Donjak, Roman
Drahtmüller, Thorsten Dubiel, Torsten Duwe, Thomas Fehr, Stefan Fent, Werner Fink, Jakub Friedl,
Kurt Garloff, Joachim Gleißner, Todd Grant, Carsten Groß, Andreas Grünbacher, Berthold Gunreben,
Franz Hassels, Andreas Jaeger, Jana Jaeger, Denise Jewkes, Klaus Kämpf, Andi Kleen, Hubert
Mantel, Lars Marowsky-Bree, Chris Mason, Johannes Meixner, Lars Müller, Matthias Nagorni, Anas
Nashif, Siegfried Olschner, Edith Parzefall, Peter Pöml, Thomas Renninger, Hannes Reinecke, Scott
Rhoades, Thomas Rölz, Heiko Rommel, Tanja Roth, Marcus Schäfer, Thomas Schraitle, Kay Sievers,
Klaus Singvogel, Frank Sundermeyer, Elisabeth Tobiasson, Hendrik Vogelsang, Klaus G. Wagner,
Rebecca Walter, Christian Zoz
This publication is intellectual property of Novell Inc.
Its contents can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright label is visibly lo-
cated on each copy.
All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this
does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LINUX GmbH, the authors, nor the translators
shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.
Novell, the Novell logo, the N logo and SUSE are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United
States and other countries. * Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other third party
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Contents
About This Guide xv
Part I Deployment 19
1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 21
1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . 23
1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2Deployment Strategies 25
2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3Installation with YaST 35
3.1 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 TheBootScreen......................... 38
3.4 Language Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.6 LicenseAgreement........................ 42
3.7 SystemAnalysis.......................... 43
3.8 TimeZone............................ 43
3.9 Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.10 Conguration .......................... 57
3.11 GraphicalLogin.......................... 67

4Remote Installation 69
4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 78
4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
5Automated Installation 105
5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6Advanced Disk Setup 123
6.1 LVMConguration........................ 123
6.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7System Conguration with YaST 137
7.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 138
7.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
7.3 Software............................ 139
7.4 Hardware............................ 152
7.5 System............................. 158
7.6 NetworkDevices......................... 169
7.7 NetworkServices........................ 170
7.8 AppArmor ........................... 176
7.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
7.10 Miscellaneous.......................... 181
7.11 YaSTinTextMode........................ 184
7.12 Update from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
7.13 SaX2.............................. 190
7.14 Troubleshooting......................... 196
7.15 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
8Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 199
8.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
8.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
8.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Part II Administration 221
9OpenWBEM 223
9.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
9.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 230
9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
10 Multipath IO 251
10.1 Supported Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
10.2 System Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
10.3 Software Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
10.4 Using the Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
11 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 259
11.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
11.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
12 High Availability under Linux 269
12.1 ImportantTerms......................... 269
12.2 A Sample Minimum Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
12.3 Components of a High Availability Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
12.4 The Software Side of High Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
12.5 Clustering............................ 275
12.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
13 Installing a Heartbeat 2 Cluster Using YaST 279
13.1 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
13.2 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
13.3 Shared Disk System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
13.4 Installing Heartbeat 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
13.5 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 285
14.1 Overview of OCFS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
14.2 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
14.3 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
14.4 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

15 Access Control Lists in Linux 299
15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15.3 Denitions........................... 301
15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 302
15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
16 RPM—the Package Manager 311
16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 312
16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 313
16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 316
16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
17 System Monitoring Utilities 323
17.1 Debugging........................... 324
17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
17.4 Networking........................... 330
17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 332
17.6 Processes............................ 335
17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 343
18 Working with the Shell 345
18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 372
Part III System 377
19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 379
19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 380
19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 385
20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 389
20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
21 The Boot Loader 401
21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 418
21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
22 Special Features of SUSE Linux Enterprise 421
22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 428
22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
23 Virtual Machine Server 435
23.1 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
23.2 Benets of Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
23.3 Terminology........................... 438
23.4 Virtual Machine Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
23.5 Virtual Machine Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
23.6 Setting up the Virtual Machine Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
23.7 Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
23.8 Managing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
24 Printer Operation 451
24.1 Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
24.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
24.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
24.4 Conguring the Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
24.5 Conguration for Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

24.6 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
24.7 Troubleshooting......................... 466
25 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 475
25.1 The /dev Directory....................... 475
25.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
25.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
25.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
25.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
25.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 478
25.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
25.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
25.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
26 File Systems in Linux 483
26.1 Terminology........................... 483
26.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
26.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
26.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
26.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
27 The X Window System 495
27.1 X11 Setup with SaX2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
27.2 Optimizing the X Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
27.3 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
27.4 OpenGL—3D Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
28 Authentication with PAM 513
28.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
28.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
28.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
28.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
29 Power Management 521
29.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
29.2 APM.............................. 523
29.3 ACPI.............................. 524
29.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
29.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
29.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

30 Wireless Communication 547
30.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 547
Part IV Services 559
31 Basic Networking 561
31.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
31.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
31.3 NameResolution ........................ 577
31.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
31.5 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 597
31.6 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
31.7 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
32 SLP Services in the Network 619
32.1 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
32.2 Registering Your Own Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
32.3 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
32.4 ActivatingSLP.......................... 622
32.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
33 Time Synchronization with NTP 623
33.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
33.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
33.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
34 The Domain Name System 629
34.1 DNSTerminology........................ 629
34.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
34.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
34.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
34.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 646
34.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
34.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
34.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 652
34.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
35 DHCP 655
35.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

35.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
35.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
35.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
36 Using NIS 673
36.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
36.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
37 LDAP—A Directory Service 681
37.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 682
37.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
37.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
37.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
37.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
37.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
37.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
38 Samba 709
38.1 Terminology........................... 709
38.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
38.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
38.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
38.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
38.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 719
38.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
38.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
39 Sharing File Systems with NFS 725
39.1 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
39.2 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
39.3 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
39.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
40 File Synchronization 729
40.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
40.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
40.3 Introduction to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
40.4 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
40.5 Introduction to Subversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741