Novell OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER 2 SP2 -... User manual

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AUTHORIZED DOCUMENTATION
OES2 SP2: Linux Tips for NetWare Administrators
Open Enterprise Server
2 SP2
November 2009
Linux
*
Tips for NetWare ® Administrators

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009
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4OES2 SP2: Linux Tips for NetWare Administrators
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Contents 5
Contents
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About This Guide 7
1What'sNew 9
2 NetWare/Linux Command Map 11
3 Other Tips 49
3.1 Common Problems and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 NCF vs. Shell Script Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3 Encryption for Linux Traditional File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

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About This Guide 7
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About This Guide
We plan to expand the information in this guide over time. However, it will never become a
substitute for the formal, intensive training that is required to become an efficient and successful
Linux administrator.
Audience
This guide is designed to help network administrators understand some of the similarities and
differences between NetWare®and Linux, and to begin working with OES-Linux
Feedback
We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other documentation
included with OES. To contact us, use the User Comments feature at the bottom of any page in the
online documentation.
Documentation Updates
For the latest version of this guide, refer to the OES 2 Documentation Web site.
Documentation Conventions
In this documentation, a greater-than symbol (>) is used to separate actions within a step and items
within a cross-reference path.
A trademark symbol (®, ™, etc.) denotes a Novell®trademark. An asterisk (*) denotes a third-party
trademark.
When a single pathname can be written with a backslash for some platforms, or a forward slash for
other platforms, the pathname is presented with a forward slash to reflect the Linux convention.
Users of platforms that require a backslash, such as NetWare, should use backslashes as required by
the software.

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What's New
1
9
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1
What's New
This guide has been updated for the OES 2 product release with a number of new command entries
in the “NetWare/Linux Command Map” on page 11 and a new chapter, “Other Tips” on page 49.

10 OES2 SP2: Linux Tips for NetWare Administrators
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NetWare/Linux Command Map
2
11
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2
NetWare/Linux Command Map
NetWare®administrators who are deploying OES-Linux are interested in finding Linux counterparts
for their favorite NetWare commands.
Table 2-1 lists mappings between many of the common NetWare commands and their Linux
counterparts with the following limitations:
Neither the list of NetWare commands nor the list of Linux counterparts is comprehensive. If
you require more detailed information, you might consider purchasing a command reference
from an industry publisher.
NetWare and Linux are completely different operating systems. Some NetWare commands
don’t have a Linux counterpart. Where counterparts don’t exist, we have attempted to provide
explanations to help you. Ultimately, however, this section is only a tool to help you get started.
It is not a substitute for the hands-on Linux training that all Linux administrators need.
The NetWare and Linux commands listed are only available when the NLMTM (NetWare) or
RPM (Linux) associated with the command is installed on the server where the command is
attempted. For some listed commands, the associated NLM programs and RPMs are not
installed by default.
For some NetWare commands, the Linux alternative is provided by functionality in either iManager
or Novell®Remote Manager (NRM). For information on Novell management utilities, see “OES
Utilities and Tools” in the OES 2 SP2: Planning and Implementation Guide.
A substantial number of alternatives are also provided through YaST (Yet another Setup Tool). They
are available in both GUI and text versions, and are accessed at a Linux command prompt by
entering
yast . For more information on YaST, see “System Configuration with YaST (http://
www.novell.com/documentation/sles10/sles_admin/data/cha_yast2.html#cha_yast2)” in the SLES
10 SP3 Installation and Administration Guide (http://www.novell.com/documentation/sles10/
sles_admin/data/book_sle_reference.html#book_sle_reference).
Table 2-1 references man pages extensively. To access a man page, enter
man command at the Linux
command prompt, where command is the Linux counterpart. After reading about the command, type
Shift+Q to return to the command prompt. Or alternatively, if you have the KDE desktop loaded,
you can view formatted man pages in the Konqueror browser. In the location bar, enter
man:/ to
view a list of categories, or enter
man:/command to view the man page for a specific command.

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Table 2-1 NetWare/Linux Command Map
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes
# Specify a line as a
comment (used in NCF
files).
#
!
Comments preceded by a pound
sign (#) are not displayed as the
shell script runs, but those preceded
by an exclamation mark (!) are
echoed.
For information about shell script
files, see Section 3.2, “NCF vs.
Shell Script Files,” on page 49.
; Specify a line as a
comment (used in NCF
files).
#
!
Comments preceded by a pound
sign (#) are not displayed as the
script runs, but those preceded by
an exclamation mark (!) are echoed.
For information about script files,
see Section 3.2, “NCF vs. Shell
Script Files,” on page 49.
ABORT REMIRROR Stop remirroring a logical
partition.
— This functionality is available
through the nsscon utility on OES-
Linux.
The nsscon utility is installed with
the Novell Storage Services RPMs
and is documented in “NSS
Console” in the OES 2 SP2: NSS
File System Administration Guide.
ACTIVATEMODULE Load or start modules that
are preloaded by the
startup.ncf file or
modules that were loaded
using the load -s
command.
chkconfig By itself, chkconfig lists all the
processes available to be loaded at
startup and their current state.
Including the name of a service (for
example, chkconfig apache2)
displays the current state: “on”
means that the service starts with
the system, “off” means the service
doesn’t start with the system, and
“unknown service” means that the
service is not installed.
For configuration options, see the
chkconfig man page.

NetWare/Linux Command Map 13
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ADD NAME SPACE Add support for storing
files for other file systems
on a NetWare volume.
yast Access YaST > Network Services
CIFS (Samba) and other protocols
are supported by specific RPMs.
For more information, see the OES2
SP2: Samba Administration Guide
NFS support is native to Linux
volumes.
If you create an NSS volume on
Linux, the name space defaults to
UNIX*. Changing the setting to
Long using either nssmu or
iManager improves performance,
especially if you plan to store
millions of files on the volume. For
more information, see “Configuring
the Name Space for an NSS
Volume” in the OES 2 SP2: NSS
File System Administration Guide.
For help with YaST, enter
yast -h
at the command prompt.
ADD SECONDARY
IPADDRESS
Add a secondary IP
address.
ip addr add For more information, see the ip
man page.
ALERT Manage NetWare alerts. — KDE System Guard includes a
Messages sensor you can add to
the Worksheet. However, this
requires that the KDE GUI is
installed and running on the server,
which consumes system resources.
ALIAS Define an alias. alias For more information, see the
alias man page.
APPLET or
APPLETVIEWER
J a v a A p p l e t V i e w e r
Usage: appletviewer
options include: -debug ,
-encoding, and -J (runtime
flag)
The -J option is non-
standard and subject to
change without notice.
appletviewer For more information, see the
appletviewer man page.
ARP Display and modify the
ARP table.
arp For more information, see the arp
man page.
BASH Use a BASH shell,
including a variety of
useful system utilities, on
NetWare.
/bin/bash The Bourne Again Shell is the
default command line interface on
most Linux systems.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

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BIND Link a communication
protocol to a network
board and its LAN driver.
ethtool
mii-tool
ip
‘For more information, see the man
page associated with each
command.
BINDERY Add or remove a bindery
context to or from the list
of all bindery contexts for
this server.
— The NetWare Bindery was obsolete
in NDS®/eDirectoryTM starting with
NetWare 4 and is not available on
OES-Linux.
BROADCAST Send messages to NCPTM
users by username or
connection number.
ncpcon send The send command only sends
messages to connections (stations),
not to usernames.
Also keep in mind that send
functionality applies to NCP
connections only. Users attached
through Samba/CIFS or some other
protocol do not receive messages
unless they also have an NCP
(Novell ClientTM) connection.
CDDVD Allow a CD or DVD disk to
function as a Novell®
Storage Services (NSS)
volume.
— Support for CDs and DVDs is
loaded automatically on Linux, and
disks are often automatically
mounted under /media when
inserted.
Removable media cannot be
accessed as NSS volumes on OES-
Linux.
CHARSET Change the code page
currently used by the
NetWare server.
yast Similar functionality is available in
YaST > System > Language and
System > Keyboard Layout options.
For help with YaST, enter
yast -h
at the command prompt.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

NetWare/Linux Command Map 15
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CLEAR STATION Clear a workstation
connection to a NetWare
server.
ncpcon
connection
list
ncpcon
connection
clear
station
ncpcon
connection
station
You can clear NCP (Novell Client)
connections using the ncpcon
connection clear
command.
The
ncpcon utility is installed with
the NCP Server RPMs and is
documented in “NCP Server
Console (NCPCON) Utility ” in the
OES 2 SP2: NCP Server for Linux
Administration Guide.
Novell Remote Manager for Linux
also provides this. For more
information, see “Using Novell
Remote Manager to Clear NCP
Connections” in the OES 2 SP2:
NCP Server for Linux
Administration Guide.
NOTE: For standard Linux (non-
NCP) connections, there is no
single command to do this.
You must discover how users are
connected to the server and then
stop the processes associated with
those connections.
For example, use the
ps command
with the U option to list processes
for the user, and then use
kill to
stop the root process for the user.
You can view how a user is
connected on Linux using the
finger command.
For more information, see the man
pages for the commands mentioned
above.
CLS Clear the console screen
and move the console
prompt to the top of the
screen.
clear
Ctrl+l
For more information, see the
clear man page.
CLUSTER … Manage clusters. — Similar commands are provided for
functionality that is currently
supported on OES-Linux.
For details, see “Console
Commands for Novell Cluster
Services” in the OES 2 SP2: Novell
Cluster Services 1.8.7 for Linux
Administration Guide.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

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COMPFIX Repair compressed
volumes.
compfix compfix is available starting with
OES SP2.
For more information, see the
compfix man page.
CONFIG View the system
information in the following
rows.
sitar
siga
Although not functionally the same
as CONFIG , both sitar and siga
produce very detailed system
reports in multiple formats, including
HTML and text.
For more information, see the siga
and sitar man pages.
For the NCP server, you can use
ncpcon config to display the
NCP server configuration
information.
Linux server information is also
available through specific Linux
commands. For example, the env
command displays all current
environment variables and their
values.
There is also a GPL utility named
supportconfig that collects system
troubleshooting information. For
more information, visit the Cool
Solutions Web site (http://
www.novell.com/coolsolutions/tools/
16106.html).
NetWare server
name
hostname
cat /etc/
hostname
For more information, see the man
pages associated with the
hostname and cat commands.
The server name also appears at
the command prompt by default.
Internal network
number (server ID)
— This is an IPXTM convention. IPX is
a legacy NetWare protocol that will
not be ported to Linux. However, it
is available on a NetWare virtual
machine running on an OES-Linux
host server.
Server up time uptime For more information, see the
uptime man page.
Loaded LAN drivers lsmod
ip
lsmod lists modules loaded in
memory, but not the module
versions.
ip shows the network card
configuration.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

NetWare/Linux Command Map 17
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Driver version
numbers
modinfo
dmesg
/var/log/
boot.msg
For more information, see the man
pages associated with each
command.
Hardware settings lsmod
ip
lsmod lists modules loaded in
memory, but not the version.
ip shows the network card
configuration.
Node (station)
addresses
ip For more information, see the ip
man page.
External network
number of the
cabling scheme
— This is an IPX convention. IPX is a
legacy NetWare protocol that will
not be ported to Linux. However, it
is available on a NetWare virtual
machine running on an OES-Linux
host server.
Board name yast This information is available in
YaST > Hardware > Hardware
Information.
For help with YaST, enter
yast -h
at the command prompt.
Frame type — This is an IPX convention. IPX is a
legacy NetWare protocol that will
not be ported to Linux. However, it
is available on a NetWare virtual
machine running on an OES-Linux
host server.
Networking protocol
for each network
board
— This is an IPX convention. IPX is a
legacy NetWare protocol that will
not be ported to Linux. However, it
is available on a NetWare virtual
machine running on an OES-Linux
host server.
Server’s eDirectory
tree and bindery
context
ndsstat
rcndsd
status
For more information, see the
ndsstat man page.
To view more rcndsd options, enter
rcndsd -help at the command
prompt.
CONLOG Capture and log console
messages.
cat /var/
log/
messages
Ctrl+F10 shows the console log in
real time.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

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CONSOLESAVE Save the System Console
screen buffer to the default
file console[n].txt in
the default path, or to the
path specified with the
loggerpath command.
— Closely related commands are:
script : makes a typescript of the
terminal session.
tee : reads from standard input and
writes to standard output
screen : a screen manager with
VT100/ANSI terminal emulation.
For more information, see the
respective man pages.
CPUCHECK Display processor
information.
cat /proc/
cpuinfo
For more information, see the cat
and cpuinfo man pages.
CSET View or set SET
parameters by category.
— See “SET” on page 41.
CX View or change the
eDirectory context.
— Use iManager to view the tree.
DELETE
SECONDARY
IPADDRESS
Delete a secondary IP
address.
ip addr del For more information, see the ip
man page.
DHCPSRVR Manage the Novell DHCP
server.
dhcpd For more information, see
“Administering and Managing
DHCP” in the OES 2 SP2: Novell
DNS/DHCP Administration Guide
for Linux.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

NetWare/Linux Command Map 19
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DISABLE LOGIN Prevent users from
logging in.
ncpcon
disable
login
You can disable login for NCP file
service access using the ncpcon
disable login
command.
The ncpcon utility is installed with
the NCP Server RPMs and is
documented in “NCP Server
Console (NCPCON) Utility ” in the
OES 2 SP2: NCP Server for Linux
Administration Guide.
IMPORTANT: You can’t disable the
general login function for externally
defined (eDirectory) users. For local
users, this is commonly done by
changing the login shell indicated in
/etc/passwd to /bin/false.
Some Linux administrators
habitually switch to single-user
mode (init 1) to accomplish this.
This causes eDirectory and other
OES services to shut down, which
is probably not desirable in most
cases, and is certainly not
equivalent to DISABLE LOGIN on
NetWare, which allows services to
continue to run even though logging
in is disabled.
DISABLE TTS Manually disable the
NetWare Transaction
Tracking System(TTS).
Primarily used only by
application developers for
testing purposes.
— TTS is not available for NSS
volumes on OES-Linux.
Journaled Linux file systems, such
as Ext3, are capable of providing
similar functionality. For example,
the
Journal mode of Ext3
journaling provides a service similar
to TTS. For a brief summary of
which file systems support
journaling, see “Major File Systems
in Linux” in the SLES 10 SP2
Installation and Administration
Guide.
For more information, search the
Web for the file systems you are
using.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes

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DISMOUNT Make a volume
unavailable to users.
ncpcon
umount
For NCP volumes, use ncpcon.
The ncpcon utility is installed with
the NCP Server RPMs and is
documented in “NCP Server
Console (NCPCON) Utility ” in the
OES 2 SP2: NCP Server for Linux
Administration Guide.
umount lets you unmount Linux
volume mount points.
DISPLAY DEVICE
STATS
Display I/O statistics for
individual devices.
iostat For more information, see the
iostat man page.
Novell Remote Manager for Linux
also provides I/O memory and port
information from the Manage
Hardware page.
DISPLAY
ENVIRONMENT
Display current search
paths and current values
of settable server
parameters.
env
echo $PATH
For more information, see the env
and echo man pages.
DISPLAY
INTERRUPTS
Display hardware interrupt
information.
yast Hardware information for each
component is available in YaST >
Hardware > Hardware Information.
For help with YaST, enter yast -h
at the command prompt.
DISPLAY IPX
NETWORKS
Display IPX network
information.
— IPX is a legacy NetWare protocol
that will not be ported to OES-Linux.
However, it is available on a
NetWare virtual machine running on
an OES-Linux host server.
DISPLAY IPX
SERVERS
Display IPX server
information.
— IPX is a legacy NetWare protocol
that will not be ported to OES-Linux.
However, it is available on a
NetWare virtual machine running on
an OES-Linux host server.
DISPLAY
MODIFIED
ENVIRONMENT
Display all non-default
server parameter settings.
— Similar functionality is not available
on OES-Linux.
NetWare Command Purpose or Subcommand Linux Command
Counterpart Alternatives and Notes