NPZ TAL-200K User manual


TELESCOPE TAЛ-200K
Service manual

2
CONTENTS
Page
. General directions 3
2. Specifications 4
3. Standard equipment 5
4. Design and principle 8
5. Optical train 3
6. Preparation for operation 6
6.. Telescope assembling 6
6.2. Telescope balancing 6
6.3. Precautionary measures 7
7. Order of operation 9
7.. Operation with telescope 9
7.2. Photographic observations 2
7.3. Telescope and atmospheric conditions 22
8. Maintenance 23
9. Rules of storage 24
0. Acceptance certificate 24
Supplement. Table of close stellar pairs for testing
image quality of the telescope 25
The telescope is subject to continuous development and improvement,
consequently it may incorporate minor changes in detail from the information
contained herein.
03.04

3
1. GENERAL DIRECTIONS
ATTENTION!
Telescope TAЛ-200K (hereinafter in the text referred to as «telescope») is
not intended for direct visual observation of Sun at full operating aperture.
Because of high light intensity an image of Sun in focus of primary mirror has a
high temperature. To avoid on overheating of corrector it is recommended to
avoid any direct observation of Sun disk.
One should remember that overheated corrector being in field of direct sunlight
can be out of order or make a turbulent air torrents in telescope tube that to reduce
considerably a quality of image.
Also if it is necessary to leave a telescope out of door (for example, to dry it) one
should orient it so that the direct sunlight do not get into the optical system.
The telescope can operate normally at the ambient temperature from 30°C
to minus 30°C.
It is a precise powerful amateur astronomer telescope. It demands a careful
handling and certain knowledge in the field of astronomy. Only in this case user
will be fully satisfied.
When buying the telescope one should pay attention to the package safety
ensured by the seal of the manufacturing plant. After unsealing the case one
should check compliance of the complete set denoted in the list of enclosure.
Prior to using the telescope one gets acquainted with its handling and order of
operation.

4
2. SPECIFICATIONS
Diameter of objective lens (operating aperture), mm 200
Focal length, mm 2000
Relative aperture :0
Magnification and angle field of view (changeable):
- with the eyepiece f’=25 mm 80x 3.3′
- with the eyepiece f’=0 mm 200x 2.5′
- with the eyepiece f’=25 mm and Barlow lens 60x 5.4′
- with the eyepiece f’=0 mm and Barlow lens 400x 6.3′
Photographic angle field of view 40′ (23.3mm)
Screening of pupil in center 2%
Resolution limit 0.6″
Pellucid capacity 3.4m
Rotation of the telescope:
in right ascension (hour-long angle) 360° (24h)
in declination 360°
Operation limit by latitude 0°-70°
Angular field of view of the finderscope 7°
Magnification of the finderscope 8x
Voltage of the supplying mains, V 220(0V)±0%
Current frequency 50Hz (60Hz)
Output voltage of the supply unit, V 2
Size of the telescope, mm:
length tube 550
height 320
Weight of the telescope, Kg 30

5
3. STANDARD EQUIPMENT
Name Qty
Telescope 
Supply unit 
Eyepiece of f’=25mm 
Finderscope 
Equatorial mounting 
Supports 3*
Tripod *
Pier *
Bundled conductors 
Higned clips 2
Control panel **
Cable for car mains **
Accessories and Parts
Eyepiece of f’=0 mm 
Barlow lens 
Reticle 
Black light filter (solar) 
Neutral light filter (gray, lunar) 
Blind 
Bushing 
Adapter 
Stopper 
Fuse link ВПT9-0.6А (220V) 
Fuse link ВПT9-0.32A (0V) 
Housing 
Service manual 
* Telescope can be completed with a metal pier or tripod
** Optional accessories

6
Fig.. General view:
 - telescope tube; 2 - equatorial mounting; 3 - pier; 4 - supports;
5 - supply unit; 6 - bundled conductor; 7 - control panel;
8 - eyepiece set; 9 - finderscope

7
Fig. 2. General view of telescope mounted on tripod:
,2 - stoppers; 3 - table

8
4. DESIGN AND PRINCIPLE
The telescope (fig., 2) consists of three basic units such as the telescope tube,
equatorial mounting, pier with supports or tripod and supply unit.
The tube 1 (fig.) is the basic part of the telescope, which embodies the optical
units such as a primary mirror, corrector, eyepiece set and finderscope.
The primary mirror 1 (fig. 3) is fastened with the bushing 2 in the center
hole. The blending tube 3 on the collet bushing prevents stray light. The mirror
is adjustable on ball hinge by means of the six screws 4.
Fig. 3. Assemble of primary mirror together with eyepiece set:
 - mirror; 2 - bushing; 3 - blending tube; 4 - screws;
5 - bushing; 6 - focusing mechanism; 7 - diagonal mirror;
8 - eyepiece; 9 - screw; 0 - back flange;  - screw

9
The corrector (fig.4) consists of secondary mirror 2 and meniscus lens
3 spaced by means of padding rings 4 in the mounting . The corrector
is adjustable on the ball hinge 5,6 by means of adjusting screws 7. The
Fig. 4. Corrector:
 - mounting; 2 - reflecting lens; 3 - meniscus; 4 - padding ring;
5 - hinge bushing; 6 - hinge ped; 7 - screw; 8 - cap

0
Fig. 5. Equatorial mounting:
 - polar axis; 2 - handle; 3 - bracket with scale of lalitudes;
4 - watch drive; 5 - handwheel of slow-mothion mechanism;
6 - circle of hour angles; 7 - bracket; 8 - screw of axis brake;
9 - declination axis; 0 - circle of declinations;
 - counterweights
corrector assembly is mounted in the telescope tube.
Eyepiece set (fig.3) consists of focussing mechanism, diagonal mirror, set of
symmetrical eyepieces f'=25mm and f'=0mm fixed in the mounting of 3.8mm
(.25”), Barlow lens mounted in the same one.
Finderscope 9 (fig.) is a telescope with 8x magnification and view field 7°.
The equatorial mounting (fig.5) consists of polar axes  and declination axis 8
perpendicular to the polar axis.


Fastened on one end of the declination axis is the saddle with hinged clips in
which the telescope tube is mounted; fastened on the other end of the axis is the
counterweights  which can move along the axis for balancing the telescope tube.
The casing of the polar axis is fastened on the bracket 3 provided with a scale
of latitudes with the help of handle 2.
The southern (lower) end of the polar axis embodies electric watch drive 4;
the northern (upper) end embodies the casing of declination axis 9.
Both axis’s are provided which a setting circles which shows an hour angle or
declination of the object visible in the telescope field of view. Setting circle 0
on the declination axis, which shows the object declination, is figured from 0 to
90° with a division value of 2°. Circle  positioned on the polar axis (the circle of
hour angles) is figured from 0 to 24 hours with a division value of 0 minutes.
The declination axis has braking screw and mechanism of slow motion, which
moves the tube in the range of ±4°. By using this mechanism it is possible to
correct the position of the object in the field of view.
Pier 3 (fig. ) consists of a pipe with three supports 4.
The tripod (fig. 2) allows to adjust a height of telescope and to fix each leg of
tripod with the help of stops  and 2. It is completed with table 3.
The supply unit 5 (fig. ) powers the watch drive tracking the celestial objects.
It is designed for 220 V/ 50 Hz (0V/60Hz) mains and activated with the key.
If the control panel is provided the car’s mains or storage battery 2 V can be
used through the car’s cable.
The control panel (fig.6) is designed to select modes of watch drive by means
of buttons 2. The watch drive provides the sun, celestial and moon speed modes.
The control panel is equipped with the local lighting which can be switched on
by button 4.

2
Fig. 6. Control Panel:
 - indicator; 2 - speed selection buttons; 3 - correction buttons;
4 - lighting button; 5 - plug

3
5. OPTICAL TRAIN
Telescope TAЛ-200K is developed on the basis of Klevzov’s original optical
train, which does not use any aspherical surfaces. Klevzov’s optical train
(fig. 7) consists of primary concave mirror  and correcting unit consisting of
two single lenses 4,5. The lens 4 is made in form of negative meniscus directed
by concave side to the observed object. The lens 5 is negative one having a
reflecting surface.
Reflecting from the primary mirror  a beam passes through correcting lenses
4,5, reflects from the reflecting surface of lens 5, passes through correcting lens
forming an image of observed object in the focal plane which is located behind
a primary mirror .
In the main the Klevzov’s optical train is an improved Kassegran optical train,
which has a spherical primary mirror and double lens corrector having a reflecting
surface that to allow reducing an aberration. A meniscus 5 corrects a spherical
aberration and coma and fully compensates a little longitudional chromatic
aberration with the help of negative lens 4. Because two lenses of corrector are
made of the same mark of glass a secondary color of system is extremely little
one, and correction of the residual aberration is perfect that to allow obtaining
an image of observed object which can be compared with the image of object
obtained with the help of mirror telescope. Besides, Klevzov’s optical train is not
subject to unadjastment.
Fig. 7. Optical train of telescope:
 - primary mirror; 2 - eyepiece; 3 - diagonal mirror- lens;
4 - secondary mirror; 5 -meniscus; 6 - viewfinder
61
2
3
45

4
The lacks of aspherical surfaces, high quality of correction of the residual
aberration in the wide range of spectrum and small length are indisputable
advantages of Klevzov’s optical system. The telescope has a possibility to achieve
that to allow satisfying all requirements of amateur astronomer.
Telescope is completed with two symmetrical eyepieces f'=25mm and
f' = 0 mm and 2x Barlow lens. For easy observation of celestial objects near by
zenith an eyepiece set of telescope is turned to optical axis of tube by 90° with
the help of diagonal mirror 3. To locate an object in the center of view field the
telescope is completed with finderscope, which consists of objective lens, reticle
with the cross and eyepiece.

5
Fig. 8. Tools and accessories:
 – cap; 2 – eyepieces; 3 – Barlow lens; 4 – light filters; 7 – blind;
8 – reticule; 9 – adapter; 0 – bushing
4
3
2
1
7
8
9
10

6
6. PREPARATION FOR OPERATION
6.1. Telescope assembling
Prior to assembling the units and parts should be cleaned from the sluicing
compound of the plant.
The telescope is assembled in the following way.
Three supports provided with captive screws are fixed to the lower end of the
pier through holes. The equatorial mounting is set on the upper end of the pier.
At the same way it is fixed on the tripod.
In order to aim the polar axis turn the equatorial mounting by the value of the
observation site latitude by means of elevation gear and latitude scale. Lock the
direction adjusted with the lock handle.
Mount the axle with the counterweight  (fig. 5) on the declination axis unit
and fasten it with the nut. Mount the clips  on the bracket and then the telescope
 in them (fig. ). The telescope tube is mounted on the supports of the saddle
and fixed by means of two clips with the help of hinged screws.
The finderscope is mounted on the tube in two rings and fixed with six set
screws available on the rings.
In transportation and storage a hole in the eyepiece tube is plugged with
a stopper which should be removed and put in the case in preparation for
operation.
For obtaining the required magnification of the telescope the respective
eyepiece or the eyepiece with Barlow lens is inserted in the eyepiece tube.
A toggle switch of the supply unit is to be set in position "0". Connect
bundled conductors 6 (fig. ) to the clock drive and to the supply unit through
a socket designated, connect a plug of cord of the supply unit to the mains of
220V/ 50Hz (0V/ 60Hz). Set the toggle switch of the supply unit in position
"I", set the toggle switch of the drive in position "I". The control panel if provided
is connected to the mounting by means of the plug 5 (fig. 6). Set the switch of
control panel operation on the mounting into "I" position. The watch drive is
activated by one of the buttons 3. When it operates the indicator lights. The switch
of autonomous operation on the mounting and the key of supply unit must be
set into "I" position previously.

7
6.2. Telescope balancing
For smooth motion of the telescope and reliable operation of the slow motion
knob it is important to balance its movable parts on the axes of the equatorial
mounting.
For this purpose one should set the telescope tube in the horizontal position
of the declination axis. Then it is necessary to remove a cover  of clock drive
(fig. 9) and screw up each of three screws 2. Holding slightly the declination
axis by handle see to it whether it remains in the indifferent equilibrium. If the
tube is not in balance, move a counterweight  (fig. 5) along the declination
axis until it will be in balance. After that one screws in the screws 2 of polar
axis that telescope tube moves by slightly pressinghand. When mounting the
various devices on the telescope, for example,acamera, it is required to balance
the telescope additionally.
6.3. Precautionary measures
The rate of the fuse link mounted in the supply unit must be in compliance
with the rate denoted under the fuse link holder.
Mount the fuse link only after complete disconnection of the supply unit
from the mains.
Connect the bundled conductors to the watch drive and supply unit when
supply unit is disconnected from the mains.

8
Fig. 9. Watch drive:
 - worm gear wheel; 2 - cap; 3 - screw; 4 - handwheel; 5 -screw;
6 - screw; 7 - drive; 8 - screw; 9 - worm with gear wheel; 0 - worm wheel;
 - cover; 2 - screw; 3 - cover
1
2
3
4
5
6
78
9
10
11
12
13

9
7. ORDER OF OPERATION
7.1. Operation with telescope
Before mounting the telescope it is required to choose a place and prepare a
site. It must be even and solid. Mount the telescope on the site and check it for
reliable stability.
For pointing to an object the telescope should be rotated about two axes.
For rotation of the declination axis it is necessary to undo braking screw 8
(fig. 5), rotate the telescope and screw in the braking screw.
If backlash is arisen in the worm gear it is necessary to disengage drive 7
(fig. 9). For this purpose it is required to take off cover 3, slacken three screws
8, displace drive 7 upwards and fix it with screws 8. Remove handwheels 4 after
unscrewing screws 5. After that slacken screws 6 which fasten worm 9 in the
bearings. After pressing the worm to worm wheel 0 fix it with screws 6. Mount
handwheels 4 and secure them with screws 5. Then slacken screws 8, displace
the motor downwards until engagement with the toothed wheel of the worm takes
place and secure them with screws 8. Mount cover 3 on the casing.
The smoothness of rotation of toothed wheel  together with the toothed wheel
of worm 9 is checked by rotation of the handwheels, in doing so probable sliding
or jamming of the friction clutch may take place.
For its adjustment it is required to displace cap 2 and tighten or slacken three
screws 3. The friction clutch adjustment is considered to be finished if handwheels
4 rotate smoothly.
The telescope rotates about the polar axis owing to minor effort and is not fixed.
The axis is connected to the watch drive with the help of a friction mechanism.
The celestial sphere and all astronomical objects perform a complete rotation
for twenty-four hours. As a result the object in the telescope field of view displaces
constantly. The speed of its displacement increases with the increase of the
telescope magnification. Therefore, the telescope is provided with electric clock
drive 8 (fig. 5) which rotates uniformly the telescope, which follows the object.
As a result, in the process of observation the object remains constantly at the
center of the field of view.
In the process of observation it is often required to perform minor corrections
in the diurnal run of the telescope. For this purpose one makes use of handwheels
4 (fig. 9) of the polar axis or the buttons 3 (fig. 6) of the control panel. The
buttons 3 speed up or slow down the tracking speed of the watch drive relative
to the nominal providing the correction of right ascension angle. The correction
modes are activated when one of the buttons 3 is pressed continuously and the

20
indicator  blinks. If the button 3 is released the tracking speed returns to the
nominal.
The telescope has high magnifications and, hence, small fields of view,
therefore it is provided with a finderscope.
After mounting the telescope it is necessary to set parallel of the optical axes
of the telescope tube and finderscope. For this purpose one should mount a
reticle with cross into the eyepiece f'=25 mm. One should make an adjustment
by remoted object.
By operating with the set screws of rings of the finderscope one brings the
chosen remote object to the center of the finderscope field of view. This operation
is performed once. In the future before observation only a check-up of parallelism
of the telescope and finderscope optical axes is needed.
In order to avoid corrections of the declination axis during operation of the
watch mechanism it is required to set the telescope polar axis in parallel to the
celestial axis. In this case the northern (upper) end of the polar axis faces the
celestial pole positioned near Polaris (α Ursae Minoris). For visual observations
it is enough to incline the polar axis at an angle equal to the latitude of the
observing site and direct it approximately along the line the South - the North.
With such coarse setting of the telescope the object will “deviate” step by step
in declination (it is lifted or lowered in the field of view). This error is corrected
at times by means of the micrometer screw of the declination axis.
For photographic operations and in the case when the telescope can be set
stationary, the polar axis of the telescope should be set precisely. For this purpose
one observes any bright star in the East, then in the South and makes notice of
the direction of the star displacement.
If in observation of the star in the East it is displaced in the telescope field of
view so that in its tracking the upper end of the telescope tubes sinks slowly, the
north end of the polar axis should be somewhat lifted.
If the upper end of the tube is lifted step by step, the north (upper) end of the
polar axis should be lowered.
For precise setting of the axes by azimuth one observes the star near the
meridian circle (above the south point) in the same way. If in the star tracking
one has to lower slowly the upper end of the telescope tube, the north end of the
polar axis should be displaced to the West. If in the process of the star tracking
the upper end of the telescope tube is lifted, the north end of the polar axis should
be displaced to the East.
In 20-30 minutes of such observations one can set the polar axis so that
the star will remain on the cross hairs for 0-5 minutes without correction in
declination.
After precise setting of the polar axis one can set the declination and hour
circles which must help to search the objects invisible with a naked eye or even
through the finderscope.
First of all one should set the hour circle which is fixed on the polar axis. After a
fine setting of the polar axis set the declination axis horizontally. The horizontal setting
should be checked with the aid of a level. After setting of the axis one sets the hour
circle so that “0” is found against the index. Fix tile circle by means of screws.