Ntron 7900 Series Installation and operating instructions

(Revised 2012-06-30) page 1 of 165
7900 Series
Industrial
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
User Manual &
Installation
Guide

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Industrial Gigabit Ethernet Switch Installation Guide.................................................................................................5
7900 Industrial Ethernet Switch Accessories...............................................................................................................6
Safety Warnings...........................................................................................................................................................8
SUPPORT:................................................................................................................................................................... 8
INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................................................10
SERVICING ..............................................................................................................................................................10
FRONT PANEL:........................................................................................................................................................14
APPLYING POWER (Side View)............................................................................................................................. 15
CAT5 CABLE SPECIFICATIONS...........................................................................................................................17
CONNECTING THE UNIT ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Overview of Advanced Features................................................................................................................................20
Mode of Operation..................................................................................................................................................................20
Port Mirroring .........................................................................................................................................................................20
Port Trunking ..........................................................................................................................................................................20
Quality of Service (QoS).........................................................................................................................................................20
Virtual LAN ............................................................................................................................................................................21
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ................................................................................................................................................22
SNMP Traps............................................................................................................................................................................22
IGMP Snooping ......................................................................................................................................................................22
N-Ring.....................................................................................................................................................................................23
N-Link.....................................................................................................................................................................................23
CIP ..........................................................................................................................................................................................23
DHCP......................................................................................................................................................................................23
DHCP Client ...........................................................................................................................................................................24
DHCP Relay Agent.................................................................................................................................................................24
DHCP Server...........................................................................................................................................................................24
LLDP.......................................................................................................................................................................................24
Port Security—MAC Address Based......................................................................................................................................24
XML Settings Download ........................................................................................................................................................24
Rate Limiting ..........................................................................................................................................................................24
TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................................................................................................25
Web Software Configuration ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Web Management ...................................................................................................................................................................26
Administration –System.........................................................................................................................................................29
Administration –SNMP..........................................................................................................................................................33
Administration –Fault ............................................................................................................................................................34
Administration –Slots.............................................................................................................................................................35
DHCP –Server –Setup Profiles .............................................................................................................................................36
DHCP –Server –Setup IP Maps ............................................................................................................................................38
DHCP –Server –View Bindings............................................................................................................................................43
DHCP –Relay & Local IP - Setup..........................................................................................................................................44
LLDP - Configuration.............................................................................................................................................................47
LLDP - Ports...........................................................................................................................................................................48
LLDP - Status..........................................................................................................................................................................49
LLDP - Statistics.....................................................................................................................................................................50
Ports –Configuration ..............................................................................................................................................................51
Ports –MAC Security –Learning...........................................................................................................................................54
Ports –MAC Security –Authorization List............................................................................................................................58
Ports –MAC Security –Intruder Log.....................................................................................................................................59
Ports –Mirroring.....................................................................................................................................................................60
Ports –Trunking......................................................................................................................................................................63
Ports –QOS.............................................................................................................................................................................64
Statistics –Port Statistics ........................................................................................................................................................66
Statistics –Ports Utilization ....................................................................................................................................................67
VLAN –Configuration ...........................................................................................................................................................68
Bridging –Aging Time ...........................................................................................................................................................71
Bridging –Unicast Addresses.................................................................................................................................................72
Bridging –Multicast Addresses ..............................................................................................................................................74
Bridging –Show MAC by Port...............................................................................................................................................76
RSTP –Configuration.............................................................................................................................................................78

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IGMP –Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................82
IGMP –Show Group and Show Router..................................................................................................................................86
IGMP –RFilter .......................................................................................................................................................................87
N-View –Configuration..........................................................................................................................................................89
N-View –Ports........................................................................................................................................................................90
N-Ring –Configuration ..........................................................................................................................................................92
N-Ring –Advanced Configuration .........................................................................................................................................95
N-Ring –Status.......................................................................................................................................................................97
N-Link –Configuration.........................................................................................................................................................101
N-Link –Status .....................................................................................................................................................................105
CIP –Configuration..............................................................................................................................................................112
CIP –Status...........................................................................................................................................................................113
Firmware/Config –TFTP......................................................................................................................................................114
Support –Web Site and E-mail.............................................................................................................................................116
Rate Limiting Configuration .................................................................................................................................................117
User Management –Adding Users .......................................................................................................................................120
User Management –Removing Users...................................................................................................................................121
Logical View.........................................................................................................................................................................122
Configuration –Save or Reset...............................................................................................................................................123
Help –Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................125
Help –Administration...........................................................................................................................................................126
Help –DHCP ........................................................................................................................................................................127
Help –LLDP.........................................................................................................................................................................128
Help –Ports...........................................................................................................................................................................129
Help –Statistics.....................................................................................................................................................................130
Help –VLAN........................................................................................................................................................................131
Help –Bridging.....................................................................................................................................................................132
Help –RSTP .........................................................................................................................................................................133
Help –IGMP.........................................................................................................................................................................134
Help –N-View......................................................................................................................................................................135
Help –N-Ring.......................................................................................................................................................................136
Help –N-Link.......................................................................................................................................................................137
Help –CIP.............................................................................................................................................................................138
Help –Firmware/Config .......................................................................................................................................................139
Help –Rate Limiting.............................................................................................................................................................140
Help –User Management......................................................................................................................................................141
Help –Other..........................................................................................................................................................................142
CLI Commands........................................................................................................................................................143
“?” (Help) ..............................................................................................................................................................................143
Logout...................................................................................................................................................................................143
Show, Add, or Delete ARL Entries.......................................................................................................................................144
Configuration Device Operations..........................................................................................................................................145
Show or Set CIP Configuration.............................................................................................................................................146
Save or Reset the Configuration Settings..............................................................................................................................147
Show or Set IGMP Configuration.........................................................................................................................................147
Show or Set Mirror Configuration ........................................................................................................................................148
Show or Set N-Ring Configuration.......................................................................................................................................149
Show or Set N-View Configuration......................................................................................................................................149
Ping a Host............................................................................................................................................................................150
Show or Set Port Configuration ............................................................................................................................................151
Reset the Switch....................................................................................................................................................................152
Show or Set SNMP Configuration ........................................................................................................................................152
Show or Clear the Last System Error....................................................................................................................................153
Show System Information.....................................................................................................................................................153
Set or Show the System Slots Configuration ........................................................................................................................154
Set or Show the System IP Configuration.............................................................................................................................155
Show or Set System Configuration .......................................................................................................................................156
VLAN Configuration Examples .............................................................................................................................. 157
Example 1 –Basic understanding of port based VLANs......................................................................................................157
Example 2 –Basic understanding of tagged VLANs (Admit –Tagged Only) .....................................................................157
Example 3 –Basic understanding of tagged VLANs (Admit –All).....................................................................................158
Example 4 –Basic understanding of Hybrid VLANs ...........................................................................................................158

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Example 5 –Basic understanding of Overlapping VLANs...................................................................................................159
Example 6 –Basic understanding of VLANs with Multicast Filtering.................................................................................159
KEY SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................................................................................................160
Appendix A. XML Settings File Example.............................................................................................................. 162
N-TRON Limited Warranty..................................................................................................................................... 165

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Industrial Gigabit Ethernet Switch Installation Guide
7900 Series
The N-TRON 7900 Series Gigabit
Ethernet Capable Industrial Ethernet
Switch offers outstanding performance
and ease of use. It is ideally suited for
connecting Ethernet enabled industrial and
or security equipment and is a fully
managed switch.
PRODUCT FEATURES
• Full IEEE 802.3 Compliance
• Full IEEE 1613 Compliance (Electric Power Stations)
• NEMA TS1/TS2 Compliance (Traffic Control systems)
• ABS Type Approval (Maritime and Offshore Applications)
• Scalable Switch with 4 I/O Slots
• Up to twenty-four 10/100 Base-TX RJ-45 Ports
• Two Optional Gigabit ports:
o1000BaseSX/LX Ports, LC style, and/or
o1000BaseT Ports, RJ45 style
• Extended Environmental Specifications
• Autosensing 10/100 Base-TX, Duplex, and MDIX
• Offers Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
• Trunk with other N-Tron trunking capable switches
• Store & Forward Technology
• Plug and Play IGMP Support
• Rugged Din-Rail Enclosure
• Redundant Power Inputs (10-30 VDC)
• Onboard Temperature Sensor
• Configuration Backup via optional SD Card
(NTCD-128)
• Full SNMP
• Web Browser Management with detailed ring map and fault
location charting.
• Web Browsing and N-View Switch Monitoring
MODULE / SLOT OPTIONS
• 7900 CPU Module –CPU Module with 2 SFP Gigabit Ports
• 9006 TX – 6 Port 10/100 Base-TX Copper Module
• 9004 FX – 4 Port 100 Base-FX Fiber Module
• 9002 FX – 2 Port 100 Base-FX Fiber Module
MANAGEMENT FEATURES
• IGMP Snooping
• VLAN
• QoS
• Port Trunking
• Port Mirroring
• LLDP
• CIP
•802.1D-2004 Rapid Spanning Tree
• N-RING™ (N-Tron proprietary Ring Management)
• N-LINK™ (N-Tron proprietary Coupling Management)
• DHCP Server, Option 82 relay
•Port Security—MAC Address Based

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7900 Industrial Ethernet Switch Accessories
Do not use, connect, or disconnect the SD Card unless the area is known to be non-hazardous. Connection
or disconnection in an explosive atmosphere could result in an explosion.
NTCD-128
Configuration Device
Ideal for saving, or restoring switch configuration
parameters quickly without the need for a computer or
software. One configuration device per switch is
recommended.
The configuration device is inserted into the front of the 7900 CPU Module.

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Copyright, © N-Tron Corporation, 2008-2012
3101 International Drive, Building 6
Mobile, AL 36606 USA
All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission from N-Tron Corporation is prohibited, except as
allowed under copyright laws.
Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. All other product names, company names, logos or other designations mentioned
herein are trademarks of their respective owners.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. N-Tron Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with
regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event
shall N-Tron Corporation be liable for any incidental, special, indirect or consequential damages whatsoever included but not limited to lost
profits arising out of errors or omissions in this manual or the information contained herein.
Warning
Do not perform any services on the unit unless qualified to do so. Do not substitute unauthorized parts or make unauthorized modifications to
the unit.
Do not operate the unit with the top cover removed, as this could create a shock or fire hazard.
Do not block the air vents on the sides or the top of the unit.
Do not operate the equipment in the presence of flammable gasses or fumes. Operating electrical equipment in such an environment constitutes
a definite safety hazard.
Do not operate the equipment in a manner not specified by this manual.

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Safety Warnings
GENERAL SAFETY
WARNING: If the equipment is used in the manner not specified by N-Tron Corporation, the protection provided by the equipment may be
impaired.
LASER SAFETY 7900CPU with these SFPs:
1000BaseLX (NTSFP-LX-40): 40 kilometers
1000BaseLX (NTSFP-LX-80): 80 kilometers
CAUTION: CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT. Do not stare into the laser!
SUPPORT:
Contact Information
N-Tron Corporation
3101 International Drive
Building 6
Mobile, AL 36606
TEL: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Website: www.n-tron.com
Email: [e-mail]

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ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
WARNING: Disconnect the power and allow to cool 5 minutes before touching.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
WARNING: Disconnect the power cable before removing any modules, or any enclosure panel.
WARNING: Do not operate the unit with the any cover removed.
WARNING: Properly ground the unit before connecting anything else to the unit. Units not properly grounded may result in a safety risk and
could be hazardous and may void the warranty. See the grounding technique section of this user manual for proper ways to ground the unit.
WARNING: Do not work on equipment or cables during periods of lightning activity.
WARNING: Do not perform any services on the unit unless qualified to do so.
WARNING: Do not block the air vents.
WARNING: Observe proper DC Voltage polarity when installing power input cables. Reversing voltage polarity can cause permanent damage
to the unit and void the warranty.
Installation Requirements
1. WARNING: Explosion Hazard - Do not disconnect equipment unless power has been switched off or the area is known
to be non-hazardous.
2. WARNING: Install only in accordance with Local & National Codes of Authorities having jurisdiction.
3. WARNING: This equipment is suitable for use in Class I, Div. 2, Groups A, B, C, D or Non-Hazardous Locations
Only.
4. WARNING: Explosion Hazard –Substitution of Components May Impair Suitability For Class I, Div. 2.
5. WARNING: Explosion Hazard –Do not remove SD Card unless power has been disconnected or the area is known to
be free of ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
6. WARNING: Explosion Hazard –Do not remove Fiber Optic Transceivers unless power has been disconnected or the
area is known to be free of ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
7. Power must be supplied by an isolating source, and a 3.3 A max rated UL Recognized fuse must be installed
immediately before the unit.
8. Class I, Div 2 installations require that all devices connected to this product must be UL listed for the area in which it is
installed.
9. Only UL listed wiring with temperature ratings greater than 90°C permitted for Class I, Div 2 installations operating at
temperatures up to 70°C ambient.
10. Limited Operating Voltage: 12-30V for Class I, Div 2 installations.
11. Maximum operating voltage of power source shall not exceed 60 VDC including battery charging float voltage.

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PACKAGE CONTENTS
Please make sure the 7900 Series Gigabit Ethernet Switch package contains the following items:
1. 7900 Series Gigabit Ethernet Switch and other modules, filler panels, or accessories that may have been ordered.
2. Product CD
Contact your carrier if any items are damaged.
INSTALLATION
Read the following warning before beginning the installation.
WARNING
Never install or work on electrical equipment or cabling during periods of lightning activity. Never connect or disconnect power
when hazardous gasses are present.
Disconnect the power cable before removing any enclosure panel.
Do not operate the unit with any covers removed
UNPACKING
Remove all the equipment from the packaging, and store the packaging in a safe place. File any damage claims with the carrier.
CLEANING
Clean only with a damp cloth.
SERVICING
The 7900 Series is a modular based Gigabit Ethernet Switch with up to 4 slots for ports and one slot for the CPU module. Please
follow the steps below for adding, removing, or swapping modules in the 7900 series switch. Technicians performing the
following steps should wear proper anti-static equipment to protect the circuit boards. WARNING: The 7900 Series switch is
NOT hot swappable. Removing or adding modules while the power is still on can damage the equipment.
Adding or Replacing a Module:
1. Remove power from the switch.
2. Unscrew the two thumb screws for the filler panel or module that you are replacing.
3. Using both hands pull on both thumb screws to slide the filler panel or module you are replacing.
4. Align the new module such that it slides on the rails and firmly push it into the unit.
5. Screw both thumb screws down till they are finger tight.
6. Reapply the power and configure the slots on the 7900 either through the web management interface or the serial
management interface.
7. In order to verify the settings have been configured and saved correctly, you may want to view the Logical View page in
the found in the web browser interface. The dynamic illustration displayed on the Logical View page must match the
physical switch configuration respectively in order for the switch to function correctly. If not, please repeat the steps
listed above.
8. Validation of the configuration and each physical cable segment may be obtained by using
9. N-ViewOPC Server software. The software is freely distributed on the Product CD and our web site
(http://www.ntron.com/pdf/setup_nviewopc.zip). Once N-ViewOPC is installed, you should view the Ports Counter
page view each connected port. You may find it helpful to copy [Alt]+[PrintScreen] the Port Counter information for
each port and paste [Control]+[V] into a Windows document for further review. Please consult your N-View OPC
Server manual for additional information.
NOTE: Modules should be installed in slot order (from left to right). So in a 2 slot configuration Slots A and B are populated.
Empty slots must be covered with a 9000-FP to meet emission standards.

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Replacing a CPU Module:
1. Remove power from the switch.
2. Unscrew the two thumb screws for the CPU module that you are replacing.
3. Using both hands pull on both thumb screws to slide the CPU module out of the chassis.
4. Align the new CPU Module such that it slides on the rails and firmly push it into the unit.
5. Screw both thumb screws down till they are finger tight.
6. Reapply the power to the switch.
NOTE: All configuration settings are saved to the NVRAM which is stored locally on the CPU Module. If you replace the CPU
Module all settings will move with the CPU Module. You can save and download a custom configuration to a TFTP server.
The switch’s MAC Address and IP Address will also move with the CPU Module.

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DIN-Rail Mounting
Install the unit on a standard 35mm Din-Rail. Recess the unit to allow at least 5” of horizontal clearance for fiber cable bend
radius.
To mount the unit to the 35mm din-rail, place top edge of the
bracket on the back of the unit against the din-rail at a 45° upward
angle. Lower the bottom of the unit until it snaps into place.
To remove the unit from the 35mm din-rail, place a
flat head screwdriver into the release clip at the bottom of
the unit, and push down on the clip until it disengages
from the bottom of the unit from the din-rail. Lift the
bottom of the unit up at an approximate 45° upward angle
to completely remove the unit.
Most N-Tron™ products are designed to
be mounted on industry standard 35mm DIN-
Rail. However, DIN-Rail mounting may not
be suitable for all applications. Our Universal
Rack Mount Kit (P/N: URMK) may be used
to mount the 7900 Series to standard 19"
racks as an option.

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Panel Mount Mounting
Install the unit directly on a wall or sturdy panel such as a bulkhead. Recess the unit to allow at least 5” of horizontal clearance
for fiber cable bend radius.
To bulkhead mount the unit, place top edge of the bracket on the back of the unit against two screws at a 45° upward angle.
Lower the bottom of the unit until it is flush with the wall, and secure the bottom of the unit with two more screws.
To remove the unit from a wall, remove the bottom two screws that secure it to the wall and slide the unit up until the top two
screws will fit through the larger holes on the unit. The switch should then freely come away from the wall.

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FRONT PANEL:
From Left to Right:
Gigabit Ports SFP Connections
RJ45 Ports Auto sensing 10/100 Base-TX Connections
Fiber Ports 100 Base-FX Connections
Green LED lights when Power is supplied to the module and there are no faults. This light is
red when there is a fault.
NOTE: The RJ45 data port has two LED’s located at the side of the connector. The bottom LED indicates
LINK status, and the top LED indicates ACTIVITY.
LED’s: The table below describes the operating modes:
LED
Color
Description
GREEN
Power is Applied and there are no faults.
RED
Power is Applied and there is a fault.
OFF
Power is OFF
LNK
GREEN
10/100/1000Mb Link between ports
OFF
No Link between ports
ACT
GREEN
Data is active between ports
OFF
Data is inactive between ports

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APPLYING POWER (Side View)
Unscrew & Remove the DC Voltage Input Plug
from the Power Input Header
Install the DC Power Cables into the Plug
(observing polarity).
Plug the Voltage Input Plug back into the Power
Input Header.
Tightening torque for the terminal block power
plug is 0.5 Nm/0.368 Pound Foot.
Verify the Power LED stays ON (GREEN).
Note: Only 1 power supply must be connected to power for minimal operation. For redundant power
operation, V1and V2inputs must be connected to separate DC Voltage sources. This device will draw
current from both sources simultaneously. Use 16-28 gauge wire when connecting to the power supply.
Recommended 24V DC Power Supplies, similar to: N-Tron’s P/N NTPS-24-5
Input AC 100V…240V
Output DC 24V…28V
Output Current 5A
Peak Current 7.5A for 4 sec.
Power 120W
Peak Power 180W (max 4 sec.)
35 mm DIN-Rail Mountable
Dimensions: 1.57”W x 4.88”H x 4.61”D

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N-TRON SWITCH GROUNDING TECHNIQUES
The grounding philosophy of any control system is an integral part of the design. N-Tron switches are
designed to be grounded, but the user has been given the flexibility to float the switch when required. The
best noise immunity and emissions (i.e. CE) are obtained when the N-Tron switch chassis is connected to
earth ground via a drain wire. Some N-Tron switches have metal din-rail brackets that can ground the
switch if the din-rail is grounded. In some cases, N-Tron switches with metal brackets can be supplied with
optional plastic brackets if isolation is required.
Both V- legs of the power input connector are connected
to chassis internally on the PCB. Connecting a drain wire
to earth ground from one of the V- terminal plugs as
shown here will ground the switch and the chassis. The
power leads from the power source should be limited to 3
meters or less in length.
As an alternate, users can run a drain wire & lug from any of the Din-
Rail screws or empty PEM nuts on the enclosure. When using an
unused PEM nut to connect a ground lug via a machine screw, care
should be taken to limit the penetration of the outer skin by less than 1/4
in. Failure to do so may cause irreversible damage to the internal
components of the switch.
Note: Before applying power to the grounded switch, you must use a
volt meter to verify there is no voltage difference between the power
supply’s negative output terminal and the switch chassis grounding
point.
If the use of shielded cables is required, it is generally recommended to only connect the shield at one end to
prevent ground loops and interfere with low level signals (i.e. thermocouples, RTD, etc.). Cat5e cables
manufactured to EIA-568A or 568B specifications are required for use with N-Tron Switches.
In the event all Cat5e patch cable distances are small (i.e. All Ethernet devices are located the same local
cabinet and/or referenced to the same earth ground), it is permissible to use fully shielded cables terminated
to chassis ground at both ends in systems void of low level analog signals.

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CAT5 CABLE SPECIFICATIONS
Please reference the illustration below for your Cat5 cable specifications:

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CONNECTING THE UNIT
For FX/FXE units, remove the dust cap from the fiber optic connectors and connect the fiber optic
cables. The TX port on the FX/FXE models should be connected to the RX port of the far end station. The
RX port on the FX/FXE versions should be connected to the TX port of the far end station.
For 10/100 Base-TX ports, plug a Category 5E twisted pair cable into the RJ45 connector. Connect
the other end to the far end station. Verify that the LNK LED’s are ON once the connection has been
completed. To connect any other port to another Switch or Repeater, use a standard Category 5 straight
through or crossover cable.
N-Tron recommends the use of
pre-manufactured Cat5E cables to ensure
the best performance. If this is not an
option and users must terminate their own
ends on the Cat5E cables; one of the two
color coded standards shown to the right
should be utilized. If a user does not
follow one of these two color code
standards then the performance and
maximum cable distance will be reduced
significantly, and may prevent the switch
from establishing a link.
Warning: In absence of RSTP or Proprietary Ring control on the specific ports connected, creating a port
to port connection on the same switch (i.e. loop) is an illegal operation and will created a broadcast storm
which will crash the network!
SERIAL INTERFACE
The 7900 Series switches provide an EIA-232 interface accessed via a 9 pin female connector (labeled
‘COM’ on the unit). This is used to access the Command Line Interpreter (CLI). The pin-outs are shown
below:

(Revised 2012-06-30) page 19 of 165
Serial Cable
Connect the serial COM port of your PC and the 7900 Series switch using a standard straight through cable.
You will require a cable with a 9-pin or 25-pin sub-D female connector for the PC end, and a 9-pin male
sub-D connector for the 7900 Series end.
The following table shows the pin-out and the connections for both types of cable:
PC Port
25-Pin
9-Pin
7900 series
Female
Female
9-Pin Male
Signal Name
Pin #
Pin #
Pin #
Signal Name
TXD
2
3
3
RXD
RXD
3
2
2
TXD
GND
7
5
5
GND
Shielded cables and null modems are readily available from Radio Shack or a variety of computer stores.
HyperTerminal
The following configuration should be used in HyperTerminal:
Port Settings: 115200
Data Bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None

(Revised 2012-06-30) page 20 of 165
Overview of Advanced Features
Mode of Operation
Each port on the switch can be configured into different modes of operation as shown below:
Copper Ports: 100Base Fiber Ports: 1000Base Copper/Fiber Ports:
- Half Duplex - Full Duplex - Full Duplex
- Full Duplex
- Auto Negotiation
Half Duplex
In half duplex mode, the CSMA/CD media access method is the means by which two or more stations share
a common transmission medium. To transmit, a station waits (defers) for a quiet period on the medium (that
is, no other station is transmitting) and then sends the intended message in bit-serial form. If, after initiating
a transmission, the message collides with that of another station, then each transmitting station intentionally
transmits for an additional predefined period to ensure propagation of the collision throughout the system.
The station remains silent for a random amount of time (back-off) before attempting to transmit again.
Full Duplex
Full duplex operation allows simultaneous communication between a pair of stations using point-to-point
media (dedicated channel). Full duplex operation does not require that transmitters defer, nor do they
monitor or react to receive activity, as there is no contention for a shared medium in this mode.
Auto Negotiation
In Auto Negotiation mode, the port / hardware detects the mode of operation of the station that is connected
to this port and sets its mode to match the mode of the station.
Port Mirroring
A Mirroring Port is a dedicated port that is configured to receive the copies of Ethernet frames that are being
transmitted out and also being received in from any other port that is being monitored. ‘Mirrored Data Only’
can be selected and this selects for mirrored data only to be transmitted to the destination port, as opposed to
mirrored data and whatever other data is otherwise destined for the destination Port.
Port Trunking
Port Trunking is the ability to group two network ports to increase the bandwidth between two machines
(switch or any work station). This feature allows grouping of high-speed connectivity and provides
redundant connection between switches, so that a trunk can act as a single link between the switches.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of service (QoS) refers to resource reservation control mechanisms. Quality of service is the ability
to provide different priority to different applications, users, or data flows. Quality of service guarantees are
important if the network capacity is insufficient, especially for real-time streaming multimedia applications
such as voice over IP, online games and IP-TV, since these often require fixed bit rate and are delay