Oberheim Xpander User manual

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Owners Manua
Daniel Sofer
First Edition June 1984
CAUTION:
To Prevent fire or shock hazard do not expose this appliance to rain or mosture. Do ret remove cover Nc
user serviceable parts inside Peter servicing to qualified service personei
WARNING.
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and dnot installed and usee proper 'y. »e. m
strict accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications, r.
nas been tested and found to comply with the limits tar aClass Acomputing device persuart to Subpa't J
of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protect on against such interference
wfien operated in acommercial environment.
Operation o* this oq.j pmc-nt "arcsocntta area is livi'iy to cease ntene'erce in which cuse tt-euser at Ins
own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to cor'ect the interference.
OBGRHGM ELECTRONICS, INC
2250 South Barrington Avenue
Los Angeles, California 90064
USA
Tel. [phone]
Telex 6631071 OBRHM
1984 Oberheim Electronics, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Table of Contents v**s..ss..ss*s±^
5Welcome to the Xpander
6Taming The Beast ("How Do IWork This? »t
a
9
11
11
11
13
13
14
14
)
Plug ft In
Power
Sound System
Controller
Picture This
Hookup Diagram
Hear Pane! Diagram
Front Pane Picture
Check it Out
Tune ft Up
Master Tune
Master transpose
Autotune Calibration
Listen To It
Selecting Patches
Auditioning Mu'tt Patches
Aucition ng Sngie Pateties
Running the Xpander From CVs? Head This
Playing Pateties
Page Theory
Primary Pages
Other Pages
Knobs And Buttons
16Programmed Xcellence
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
Using The Programmer
Selecting Single Or Mufti Patch Mode
Selecting Patches
Editing Patches
Comparing The Edited and Unedited Patch
Storing Patches
Selecting And Editing Patches While In Multi Patch Mode
Copying aPaten From One Voce To Another
Editing Several Voices Simultaneously
Getting Back To Square One
Master Reset
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Xpander Owners Manual

20 Creative Input /The Xpanded Voice
22
23
25
28
29
32
34
36
37
36
38
39
39
Single Patch Pages
VC01 and VC02
Page 1Controls
Modulation
Page 2Controls
VCF/ VGA
Moculation
Rage 2
The Xoandec Filter
VCAs
FMS LAG
Lag
FM
ENVX
Selecting an Envelope
Envelope Functions
Page 2
Creating Very Long or Unusual Envelope
Stopping An Envelope
LFOX
Selecting an LFO
LFO Controls
Waveforms
Page 2
Modulating the LFO
TRACK X
Selecting aTracking Generator
Operation
Ideas
RAMPX
Selecting aRan-p
Operation
MISC
Naming Patches
Modulation Pages
Possible Modulation Sources
Selecting Modulation
Addmg aModulation Source
Changing aModulation Source
Removsrg aModulation Source
Options
Quantized Modulation
Positive/ Negative Modulation
Mut pie Modulation
Mediation Limitation
s
3
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Xpandef Owners Manual

42 Putting It All Together
44 Mufti Patch Pages
44 VOLUME
44 PAN
45 TRANSPOSE
45 VIBControls
Page 2
46 CV/MIDI
47 ZONES
Input
1mil
Mode
Splits, Doubles, and Triples
48 MISC
Nam ng Patches
49 Master Pages
49 MASTER MULTI PAGES
49 CHAIN
Control Functions
49 MIDI
Channel
Controls
Enables
Send
Rese*
Mute
52 GATE* -
52 CASS
52 SERVICE PAGES
Voices On /Off
Service
Version
54
56
56
56
56
57
57
58
Save It (A Good Investment)
Learning To Lo¥e Your Cassette Interface
Hookup
Access
Save It
Check It
Loading In
Errors
iusesOf Er-ors
Error Messages
60
62
62
63
64
64
Synthesthesia
Basic Programming Concepts
Subtractlve Synthesis
FM Synthesis
Terms Of Modulation
Subtlety
Mathematics
Other Considerations
Choices
Modifying The Basic Patch
66 Appendices
66
70 Error Messages MIDI Controllers
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Xpander Owners Manual

Welcome to the Xpander
The Oberheim Xpander combines major innovations in analog and digital hardware with
computer software, resulting in acompact, easy to use instrument with vast capabilities.
Each of the Xpander's six voices are completely independent. They can each have adiffer
ent sound, and can be operated from different MIDI or Control Voltage based controllers
simultaneously.
Many of the Xpander's new features are made possible because of the design of the com-
puters" software, or operating instructions. Many circuits that on earlier synthesizers were
made up of transistors, resistors and even integrated circuit chips, have been replaced by
computer instructions in the Xpander. This use of computer software instead of electronic
hardware results in unprecedented flexibility and sophistication with fewer parts, which
means less cost and more reliability.
Because the Xpander has features and capabilities never before available, we recommend
that you familiarize yourself with these new functions to get the most out of your Xpander
Experiment! You'll never know what you'll discover.
!> Xpander Owners Manual

Taming The Beast ("HovvDo IWork This?")
8
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Plug It In
8Power
8Sound System
8Controller
9Picture This
9Hookup Qiagviro
9Rear sanei Diagram
10 Front pane- Dict jrc
11 Check it Out
11 Tune It Up
11 Master Tune
11 Master Transpose
11 Autotune Calibration
11 Listen To It
11 Selecting Patches
12 Auditioning Multi Patches
12 Auciticv-nq Smgie Patches
12 Running the Xpander From CVh *Read This
12 Play ng"Patches
13 Page Theory
13 Primary Pages
14 Other Pages
14Knobs And Buttons
Xpanuer Owners Manual Taming Ihe Beast

Plug It In
You need throe things before you can get any sound out of the Xpander:
POWER
The Xpander can operate on AC power between 100-130 volts or 200-260 volts. Make sure
the Xpander is set for the voltage in your location before plugging in the power. On the back
of the Xpander, next to the power outlet and power on/off switch, is arecessed switch which
selects the operating power range to 100-130 volts ("1 15") or 200-260 volts ("230").
Remove the red foil cover from the power socket and plug in the power cord to the Xpander
and the AC power source
Turn on the Xpander with the power switch next to the power socket on the back panel. Do
the displays on the Xpander light up? Does the power switch light up? If not. check your
connections.
SOUND SYSTEM
Connect the Xpander to amixing board, stereo instrument amplifier, or other sound system
using the stereo or mono mixed outputs, for now (There are also individual voice outputs on
the back panel of the Xpander We'll get into how to use them later. See the PAN Multi Patch
Page)
CONTROLLER
The Xpander needs to be connected to some other device that will tell the Xpander when
and what to play The Xpander can be controlled by anything with MIDI or Control Voltage/
Gate Outputs
To operate the Xpander from aMIDI controller such as an Oberheim OB-8 or Oberheim MIDI
Keyboard, connect the controller's MIDI OUT to the Xpander's MIDI IN. When the Xpander is
first turned on. it will receive MIDI information on all 16 MIDI channels.
To operate the Xpander using Control Voltages and Gate Outputs from the Oberheim DSX
Sequencer or other source, connect the Control Voltage and Gate Outputs of your controller
to the six pairs of CV/GATE INPUTS on the back of the Xpander.
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Cassette Interface
Input /Output for dato storage
MIDI
Any voice
In /Out/Thru
can be assigned
to any channel
Memory
Protect
Prevents changing
stored patches
Advance Chain
Advances to the next program.
When CHAIN is on, advances to the next program
in the chain (Rising edge trigger)
Pedal Inputs
2Inputs for" Footpedols
or Footsvitches
Trigger Input
Triggers Envelopes,
LFOs, Ramps from
Drum Machines ,etc
.
(Sv. itchable polarity)
CV/Gate Inputs
Six pairs
Can be assigned to any voice
Direct Outputs
One for each voice
Mixed Outputs
Stereo arid Mono
Voltage Select
1 1 5or 230 for local pow
Power Input
Connect to Grounded Outlet
Power Switch
On /Off
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Modulation Source/* Select
This row of buttons serves two functions. They are used to select modulation sources {such
as Levers or Velocity) and to select between the Envelopes, LFOs. Ramps, or Tracking Gen-
erators. The buttons can also be used to set values directly, without turning knobs
The Xpander's front pane* js divided into five sections:
/
Master Section
This section contains the Master Volume control as well as the Master Page and
Tune Page buttons.
/
/
:
•
Programmer
The Programmer is used to select and store patches
/
/
Page Modifier
fThis section is "'where the action is:* because the controls that operate each page appear
here, along with displays showing the name and current value of each control
The buttons mthis section are used as on -off switches and to access modulation pages.
The LEDs to the left of the buttons show their current function. The knobs are used to
change settings. Single/Mufti Patch Page Select
The buttons in this section select the desfred Single Patch or Multi Patch page. The block
diagrams show the available controls and modulations on the different pages.
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MODULATION SOURCE/X SELECT
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Ak^^L»i LtVt L'The LEDs adjacent to the buttons show which page is currently selected, the last eight digits,
of the Programmer section display read out the name of the page currently being displayed.
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Check It Out
TUNE IT UP Now that you've got the Xpander turned on. let's tune it. Here's how:
Press TUNE PAGE (in the Master Section) to access the tuning controls
Ihis is how the Xpander operates press abutton tor adesired page and the controls for that
page appear on the displays in the Page Modifier section.
Master Tune
Look at the Page Modifier section. The third knob is the Master Tune control Turn it to fine
tune the pitch of the Xpander. The lower display shows the master pitch "0" equals
A-440Hz. "-•is sharp, and "'is flat. The tuning range (,• 3V) covers aquarter-tone up
or down.
Master Transpose
The sixth knob in the Page Modifier section is the Master Transpose. Turn it to transpose the
entire Xpander up or down in semitone steps. You can transpose the Xpander up to two
octaves up or three octaves down.
Autotune Calibration
The expanded Auto-Tune capabilities of the Xpander are shown on the upper display Press
the button under the "ALL'" display to tune all the Xpander functions. Besides the normal
oscillator tuning, you'll notice things that have never been tuned on asynthesizer before
pulse width, filter frequency, and resonance. These automatic calibrations keep the filters as
well as oscillators in perfect tune, the resonance reliable and square waves square
Tuning isn't something you should have to do often: once when you turn it on and then
maybe once more alittle bit later. Tuning everything on the Xpander takes almost aminute to
complete, so you can tune just one function instead. Tune the oscillators for example, by
pressing "VCOS" instead of 'ALL"
LISTEN TO IT There are two kinds of sound programs in the Xpander Single Patches and Multi Patches
Single Patches store the settings for each sound, while Multi Patches combine six individual
Single Patches, along with mix, pan. and transposition into aprogrammed combination,
Iot's explore some Multi Patches and listen to some of the sounds that are possible on the
Xpander.
Selecting Patches
Programs are selected in the Programmer section of the Xpander On the Programmer dis-
play, the left most digit will show "M" for Multi Patches or S" for Single Patches, the next
digits show the patch number and name. If the display shows that you are in Single Patch
mode, press the MULTI PATCH button.
Once in the desired mode (Multi). pressing two digits on the Programmer Keypad selects a
new Multi Patch.
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Auditioning Multi Patches
Select Muiti Patch 40. The programmer display should show "M40 MODULAI" which is the
number and name of this multi patch. This patch plays itself, modulating through all sorts of
permutations Some of the other patches in the 40s (M41, M42. etc.) show off some of the
richness and flexibility that the Xpander is capable of. Try some of these patches by pressing
"41 rthen "42:' etc You can also advance to the next patch by pressing the "•"or ""
keys.
But you didn't get the Xpander just to be entertained, you got it to play. So try some of these
very playable patches.
If you are controlling the Xpander from MIDI, try Multi Patches 50 through 59 (M50-M59); if
you are controlling the Xpander from CVs and Gates, try Multi Patches 60 through 69 (M60-
M69) These patches are identical except that the 50s are programmed for MIDI while the
60s are programmed for CVs. These patches combine sounds in some basic ways. Patches
M58 and M59 also incorporate several Split Zones into their programming, so that different
sounds will play depending on the notes you play
Auditioning Single Patches
Now that you've explored some of the Muiti Patch combinations, let's listen to some of the
individual Single Patch sounds. Press the SINGLE PATCH button to select Single Patch
mode Notice the "S" on the left side of the display
Running the Xpander from CVs? Read This
Unlike the Multi Patches which can be programmed individually to MIDI or CVs, all the Single
Patches look to aMaster Multi Page for their control source When the Xpander is turned on,
it is set to receive notes played on any MIDI channel (Omni mode) If you wish to play the
Xpander from CVs. you must change this Master Page setting.
Press the MASTER PAGE button in the Master Section. Then press the CV/MIDI button
under the lower display of the Page Modifier section. (If the lower display is blank, press the
SINGLE PATCH button in the Programmer section.) Now the six knobs will enable you to
"dial in" the desired CVs Select adifferent CV for each voice
We'll get more into the Master Multi Page (and all the other ones) later. .
.
Playing Patches
In Single Patch mode all voices play one sound. These sounds can be selected by using the
Programmer Keypad, the same as mMulti Patch mode. Play the different patches to hear
some of the individual sounds of the Xpander. Some of these patches will play themselves
just as with the Multi Patches.
12 Xoancer Owners Manual Tarn no The yeast
f-

Page Theory
With an instrument as sophisticated as the Xpander, it becomes impractical to have an indi-
vidual control for every function in the synthesizer, because the result would be too many
knobs- So the Xpander utilizes six sets of controls, grouped into asystem of "pages; to con-
trol its various functions. This way. all the controls for one section of the synthesizer are
accessible at once in the Page Modifier section of the synthesizer The name ot the selected
page is always shown on the right side of the Programmer display
PRIMARY PAGES The functions of the primary pages are also shown on the right side of the panel, and can be
accessed immediately by pressing the button associated with each section of the block dia-
gram There arc two kinds of primary pages:
Single Patch pages are used to program sounds Within these pages are the controls for ail
the parameters of individual sound programs: the oscillators, filter, envelopes, modulations
FM. etc
The block diagrams on the right side of the front panel show the controls accessed from
each Single Patch page. The name of each page is printed in white next to the page selec-
tion buttons
All the functions accessed from Single Patch pages are programmed into aSingle Patch
program
Multi Patch pages control all six voices in tandem. These pages access the functions nec-
essary to control all six voices in acoordinated manner, i.e. the Single Patch assigned to
each voice, the control source assigned to each voice (CV or MIDI channel), the stereo mix
of the voices, etc
Mults Patch pages are also chosen with the buttons on the right side of the front panel (while
in Multi Patch mode) and the names of the Multi Patch pages appear in grey next to each
button. Multi Patch mode is selected with the MULTI PATCH button in the Programmer sec-
tion on the left side of the panel All the functions accessed from Multi Patch Pages are pro-
grammed into aMulti Patch program
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13 Xpander Owners Manual fairing ihe Beast

OTHER PAGES There are four other kinds of pages in the Xpander:
Knobs And Buttons
Tune Page accesses tho Master Tune control as weH as the extensive Auto-Tune and cali-
bration functions of the Xpander. The Tune Page has its own selection button in the Master
Section of the front panel. Pressing TUNE PAGE also resets all sustaining envelopes and
ramps, 'silencing*' the Xpander.
Master Page accesses the Cassette Interface for program storage and retrieval, Program
Chains, and other general housekeeping functions such as MIDI modes. Single Patch con-
trols and Gate input polarity The Master Page also has its own selection button in the Master
Section
Modulation Pages exist behind" any function that can be modulated, such as oscillator fre-
quency, filter resonance, or envelope decay. Press the button under the desired function in
the Page Modifier Section (see the 'modulation select' LED) to reveal its Modulation Page
To pop back up to the primary page, press the PAGE 2button
Adot will appear after afunctions name if it is being modulated.
Page 2accesses additional functions on most of the Single Patch pages, such as the wave-
form select on the VCO pages. To access a particular Page 2, press the PAGE 2button to
the left of the knobs. The Page 2LED will light when displaying any Page 2. Press the PAGE
2button to return to the primary page from either aPage 2or Modulation Page.
Generally, the names of the controls are on the top display in the Page Modifier Section,
while the current setting of each control is on the bottom display There are exceptions,
where switches appear on both top and bottom displays. The buttons adjacent to the dis-
plays have multiple functions, which are indicated by the Switch Mode LEDs.
Controls generally have arange of to 63 Some can be positive or negative as well Turn
the knob to change the value, or press the button above the knob (Value X) and then press
two digits in the XSelect Section
On/OM Switches are on when the display is underlined and off when not underlined
Either/Or Switches change name when pressed. These switched are always ON one way
or the other, so they are always underlined. These can also be selected by turning the knob
below the switch.
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14 Xp.incier O-A-ne^s Manna* Taming Ihe rteasi

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18
18
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19
19
19
19
Using The Programmer
Selecting Single Or Mufti Patch Mode
Selecting Patches
Editing Patches
Comparing The Ed-ted arc Unedr.ec Patch
Storing Patches
Selecting And Editing Patches While In Multi Patch Mode
Copying aPatch From One Voice To Another
Exiling Several Voices Simultaneously
Getting Back To Square One
Master Reset
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1/Xpandnr Owners Manuai Programmed Xcellence

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The Programmer Section of the Xpandor is used to select and store patches The Program
mor display aiso provides information about the status of the machine.
SELECTING SINGLE OR
MULTI PATCH MODE The Single Patch and Multi Patch buttons select Single or Mufti Patch mode, and recall all
the settings from the last time you were in the mode. The left character of the display shows
an "S for Single Patch or an "M" for Multi Patch.
SELECTING PATCHES
EDITING PATCHES
Whether in Single or Multi Patch mode, anew patch can be recalled by pressing two digits
or the -or -keys on the Programmer Keypad After one digit is entered, the display
shows the digit and astar, and waits for the second digit. If asecond digit »s not entered
withm several seconds, the Xpander reverts back to the original patch number. Notice the
underlined patch number.
The patch number and name will appear in the display, as well as the Single Patches
assigned to each voice. In Single Patch mode all voices have the same patch. In Multi Patch
mode however, each voice can have adifferent Single Patch
The Expander is always in edit mode. Select pages and change functions as you like. Adot
to the right of the patch number appears if apatch is edited.
Comparing the Edited and Unedited Patch
You can compare your edited patch with its stored version by pressing the appropriate patch
mode button (SINGLE if you are editing aSingle Patch, MULTI if you are editing aMulti
Patch -realize that pressing MULTI while in Single Patch mode will switch to Multi Patch
mode). When comparing the stored patch, the patch number will flash. You can switch back
and forth between the edited version and the stored version by pressing the appropriate
patch mode button again
STORING PATCHES To store apatch, hold the STORE button. Notice that the patch number now shows two
stars. Enter the destination for your new patch on the keypad, by keying two digits while
holding the SI ORE button.
SELECTING AND EDITING
SINGLE PATCHES WHILE
IN MULTI PATCH MODE
The six PATCH EDIT buttons are used to access the individual voices and their patches.
When you press one of these PATCH EDIT buttons in Multi mode, the underline will move to
the voice whose patch is being displayed. While holding the PATCH EDI Xbutton, the name
of the Single Patch on that voice is displayed.
Selecting an individual voice causes the Xpander to enter Single Patch mode for that voice.
Use the keypad to select anew Single Patch for that voice, or use any of the same Single
Patch functions to edit, compare or store that Single Patch Pressing an already underlined
patch edit button will compare the edited patch with the one in memory Holding STORE and
selecting the destination patch number on the Keypad will store the patch.
You can switch among of the six voices' Single Patches with the PATCH EDIT buttons. The
underline in the display shows your current location, and the dot to the right of each patch
number indicates if that patch has been edited.
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Copying aPatch From One Voice To Another
You can copy aSingle Patch from one voice to another within aMulti Patch. Press the
PATCH EDIT button of the voice with the patch you want to copy, so it becomes underlined
Then hold the STORE button, and press the PATCH EDIT button of the voice you want to
copy the patch to.
Editing Several Voices Simultaneously
You can edit the Single Patches of several voices at the same time simply by pressing sev-
eral PATCH EDIT buttons at the same time. Now any editing will affect all of the underlined
voices For example, turning up the filter resonance will turn up the resonance on all the
underlined voices.
Realize that since you can edit several different patches this way. acontrol will not necessar
ily be at the same setting on all the voices. Therefore, the display shows the value of the left
most voice that you are editing at the moment. You can't edit any modulation pages
because they can vary so much from patch to patch You can't store patches in this mode,
either. (If you think you're having trouble keeping track of six different Single Patches and a
Multi Patch, think about what the computers are going through') Remember that you can
compare the entire edited Multi Patch with the unedited one. and that you can store the
Single Patches one at alime
GETTING BACK TO
SQUARF ONE
The Xpander is so flexible that it's entirely possible to lose track of who's modulating what
But there is abasic patch (called OBERHEIM") indelibly etched in the back of the Xparv
der's memory To reach it hold the STORE button and press the CLEAR button (on the right
of the XSelect selection of the front panel)
You can recall this patch from either Single Patch or Multi Patch mode. You can also edit this
patch of store it in any Single Patch location
This basic patch resembles aconventional synthesizer hookup There are only two modula-
tions: Envelope1to Filter Frequency, and Enveloped to VCA2. It can tbe erased under any
circumstances
Master Reset
There is also away to reset everything except patches: Turn the power off. then turn the
power on while holding the CLEAR button. This master reset will recall the OBERHEIM patch
as well as setting everything to its default condition
19 Xpander Owners Manual Programmed Xcellenco