Onan DFE Series User manual

Onon
Installation
Manual
OF
Diesel Driven
960-0601
6-88
PrintedinU.SA

SafetyPrecautions
V,
Beforeoperatingthegeneratorset,readtheOperator'sMan-
ualandbecomefamiliarwithitandtheequipment.Safeand
efficientoperationcanbeachievedonlyiftheequipmentis
properlyoperatedandmaintained.Manyaccidentsare
causedbyfailuretofollowfundamentalrulesandprecautions.
Thefollowingsymbols,foundthroughoutthismanual,alert
youtopotentiallydangerousconditionstotheoperator,ser-
vicepersonnel,ortheequipment.
This symbol warns of immediate
hazards which will result in severe
personal injury or death.
A DANGER
AWARNING
severe personal injury or death.
This symbol refers to a hazard or
unsafe practice which can result in
ACAUTION This symbol refers to a hazard or
unsafe practice which can result in
personal injury or product or property damage.
FUEL AND FUMES ARE FLAMMABLE. Fire andexplosion
can result from improper practices.
•DONOTfillfueltankswhileengineisrunning,unless
tanksareoutsidetheenginecompartment.Fuelcontact
withhotengineorexhaustisa potentialfirehazard.
•DONOTpermitanyflame,cigarette,pilotlight,spark,or
otherignitionsourcenearthegeneratorsetorfueltank.
•Fuellinesmustbeadequatelysecuredandfreeofleaks.
Fuelconnectionattheengineshouldbemadewithan
approvedflexibleline.Donotusecopperpipingon flexi-
blelinesascopperwillbecomebrittleifcontinuously
vibratedorrepeatedlybent
•Besureallfuelsupplieshavea positiveshutoffvalve.
•Donotsmokewhileservicingleadacidbatteries.Lead
acidbatteriesemita highlyexplosivehydrogengasthat
canbeignitedbyelectricalarcingorbysmoking.
EXHAUST GASES ARE DEADLY
•Provideanadequateexhaustsystemtoproperlyexpel
discharged gases. Visuallyandaudiblyinspecttheexhaust
dailyforleaksperthemaintenanceschedule.Ensurethat
exhaustmanifoldsaresecureandnot warped. Donotuse
exhaustgasestoheata compartment.
•Besurethe°unitiswellventilated.
MOVING PARTS CAN CAUSE SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY
OR DEATH
•Keepyourhands,clothing,andjewelryawayfrommoving
parts.
•Beforestartingworkonthegeneratorset,disconnect
startingbatteries,negative(-)cablefirst.Thiswillprevent
accidentalstarting.
•Makesurethatfastenersonthegeneratorsetaresecure.
Tightensupportsandclamps,keepguardsinposition
overfans,drivebelts,etc.
•Donotwearlooseclothingorjewelryinthevicinityof
movingparts,orwhileworkingonelectricalequipment.
Looseclothingandjewelrycanbecomecaughtinmoving
parts. Jewelrycanshortoutelectricalcontactsandcause
shockorburning.
•Ifadjustmentmustbemadewhiletheunitisrunning,use
extremecautionaroundhotmanifolds,movingparts,etc.
ELECTRICAL SHOCK CAN CAUSE SEVERE PERSONAL
INJURY OR DEATH
•Removeelectricpowerbeforeremovingprotectiveshields
ortouchingelectricalequipment.Userubberinsulative
matsplacedondrywoodplatformsoverfloorsthatare
metalorconcretewhenaroundelectricalequipment.Do
notweardampclothing(particularlywetshoes)orallow
skinsurfacetobedampwhenhandlingelectrical
equipment.
•Useextremecautionwhenworkingonelectricalcompo-
nents. Highvoltagescancauseinjuryordeath.DONOT
tamperwithinterlocks.
•Followallapplicablestateandlocalelectricalcodes.
Haveallelectricalinstallationsperformedbya qualified
licensedelectrician.Tagopenswitchestoavoidacciden-
talclosure.
•DONOTCONNECTGENERATORSETDIRECTLYTO
ANYBUILDINGELECTRICALSYSTEM.Hazardous vol-
tagescanflowfromthegeneratorsetintotheutilityline.
Thiscreatesa potentialforelectrocutionorproperty
damage.Connectonlythroughanapprovedisolation
switchoranapprovedparallelingdevice.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
•Coolantsunderpressurehavea higherboilingpointthan
water.DONOTopena radiatororheatexchangerpres-
surecapwhiletheengineisrunning.Allowthegenerator
settocoolandbleedthesystempressurefirst.
•Provideappropriatefireextinguishersandinstallthemin
convenientlocations.Consultthelocalfiredepartmentfor
thecorrecttypeofextinguishertouse.Donotusefoamon
•>electricalfires.UseextinguishersratedABCbyNFPA.
•Makesurethatragsarenotleftonorneartheengine.
•Removeallunnecessarygreaseandoilfromtheunit.
Accumulatedgreaseandoilcancauseoverheatingand
enginedamagewhichpresenta potentialfirehazard.
•Keepthegeneratorsetandthesurroundingareaclean
andfreefromobstructions.Removeanydebrisfromthe
setandkeepthefloorcleananddry.
•Donotworkonthisequipmentwhenmentallyorphysi-
cally fatigued, orafterconsuminganyalcoholordrugthat
makestheoperationofequipmentunsafe.
LS-8

TableofContents
SAFETYPRECAUTIONSInsideFrontCover
INTRODUCTION2
AboutthisManual2
InstallationOverview2
SPECIFICATIONS 3
MOUNTINGTHEGENERATORSET5
General5
Location5
Mounting5
AccesstoSet5
MECHANICALCONNECTIONS6
FuelSystem6
ExhaustSystem7
VentilationSystem8
CoolingSystem8
ELECTRICALCONNECTIONS11
General• 11
TransferSwitch11
ACWiring11
DCWiring14
PRESTARTPREPARATIONS16
Coolant16
Lubrication16
Fuel17
Ventilation17
Exhaust17
Electrical17
Mechanical-.17
INITIALSTARTCHECKS18
Starting18
EngineGauges18
ACMeters(IfEquipped)18
EngineMonitorIndicatorLamps18
GeneratorVoltageChecks18
GeneratorFrequency19
ExhaustSystem21
FuelSystem• 21
DCElectricalSystem21
CoolingSystem21
MechanicalAdjustments21

Introduction
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
ThismanualprovidesinstallationinstructionsfortheOF
Seriesgeneratorsets.Thisincludesthefollowing
information:
•Mounting— Recommendationsforfasteninggener-
atorsettobaseandspacerequirementsfornormal
operationandservice.
•MechanicalConnections— Locationofconnection
pointsfor fuel, exhaust,ventilation,andcooling.
•ElectricalConnections— Locationofelectrical con-
nectionpointsforthecontrol,generator,andstarting
system. . . .
•Prestart— Checklistofitemsorproceduresneeded
topreparegeneratorsetforoperation.
•InitialStartup— Testcompletesystemloensure
properinstallation,satisfactoryperformance,and
safeoperation.iRefertoQperatorsManualfor trou-
bleshootingJ;nfor;mation.
ThismanualDOESNOTprovideapplicationinforma-
tion for selectingageneratorsetm designingthecom-
pleteinstallation.Ifitisnecessarytodesignthevarious
integratedsystems(fuel,exhaust,cooling, etc.), review
standardinstallationpractices,orspecifysystemmate-
rials, additionahinformation isrequired. Forengineerinjg
dataspecifictothe.generatorset,refertoiheOFSeries
specificationandproductdatasheets.Forgenerator
applicationinformationabout^generatorsetinstallation,
refertothefollowingOnanTechnicalBulletins.
T-009/T-017— SelectingOnanGeneratorSets
T-030— InstallationInformationfor
Liquid-CooledGenSets
BulletinT-030isa particularlyusefulinstallationrefer-
enceandisshippedwiththismanual.Bulletin
T-009/T-017isincludedintheOnanPowerSystems
Manualormaybeobtainedseparatelyonrequestfrom
anauthorizedOnandistributoj'.
INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
Theseinstallationrecommendationsapplytotypical
generatorsetinstallationswithstandardmodelgenera-
torsets.Wheneverpossible,theserecommendations
alsocoverfactorydesignedoptionsormodifications.
However,becauseofthemanyvariablesinanyinstalla-
tion, itisnotpossibletoprovidespecificrecommenda-
tionsforeverysituation.Ifthereareanyouestionsnot
answeredbythismanual,contactanOnandistributor
forassistance.
ApplicationandInstallation
Astandbypowersystemmustbecarefullyplannedand
correctlyinstalledtoensureproperoperation.This
involvestwoessentialelements:applicationandinstallation.
•Application(asitappliestogeneratorsetinstallations)
referstothedesignofthecompletestandbypower
systemthatusuallyincludespowerdistributionequip-
ment,transferswitches,ventilationequipment,mount-
ingpads,andcooling,exhaust,andfuelsystems.Each
componentmustbecorrectlydesignedsothecomplete
systemwillfunctionas intended. Applicationanddesign
isanengineeringfunctiongenerallydonebyspecifying
engineers.orothertrained,specialists.Specifying engi-
neersareresponsibleforthedesignofthecomplete
standbysystemandforselectingthematerialsandpro- •
ductsrequired.
Installationreferstotheactualset-upandassemblyof
thestandbypowersystem.Theinstallersset-upand
connectthevariouscomponentsofthesystemasspeci-
fiedinthesystemdesignplan.Thecomplexityofthe
standbysystemnormallyrequiresthespecialskillsof
qualifiedelectricians,plumbers,sheetmetalworkers,
etc.tocompletethevarioussegmentsoftheinstallation.
Thisisnecessarytoensureallcomponentsare
assembledusingstandardmethodsandpractices. Fig-
ure1 showsa typicalinstailationandTable 1 liststhe
equipmentinstallationspecifications.
Safety Considerations
Thegeneratorsethasbeemcarefullydesignedtopro^
videsafeandefficientservice.However,theoverall
safetyandreliabilityofthecompletesystemisdepend-
entonmanyfactorsoutsidethecontrolofthegenerator
setmanufacturer.Toavoidpossiblesafetyhazards,
makeallmechanicalandelectricalconnectionstothe
generatorsetexactlyasspecifiedinthismanual.All
systemsexternaltothegenerator (fuel, exhaust,electri-
cal, etc.)mustcomplywithallapplicablecodes.Make
certainallrequiredinspectionsandtestshavebeen
completedandallcoderequirementshavebeensatis-
fiedbeforecertifyingtheinstallationiscompleteand
readyforservice.

Specifications
TABLE 1.
EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS
SYSTEMS
175 DFE
FuelSystem
InletFittingSize
ReturnFittingSize
FuelPump
(LiftingCapacity
7/8-14 UNF-2A
3/4-16 djNF-2A
5feet(i:525m)
Exhaust System
ExhaustConnection
(in. pipethread)
ExhaustBackpressure
(MaximumAllowable)
5inchesNPT
41inchesH2O
3inchesHg
ElectricalSystem
StartingVoltage
Battery 24VoltsDC
Two, 12-VoltGroup8D
AWARNING
INCORRECT INSTALLATION, SERVICE OR REPLACEMENT OF PARTS CAN
RESULTIN SEVERE PERSONALINJURY AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE. SERVICE
PERSONNELMUST BE QUALIFIED TO PERFORM ELECTRICAL AND MECHAN-
ICAL COMPONENT INSTALLATION.

THIMBLE
SWEEPINGELBOW
»DUCT
35*
COOLINGAIRINLETMUSTBE
ATLEAST1-1/2TIMESLARGER
THANRADIATORDUCTOUTLET
AREAONRADIATORCOOLED
MODELS.
FLOWOFCOOLINGAIR'AND
HEATEDAIRMAYBE CON-
TROLLEDBYAUTOMATICALLY
OPERATEDLOUVERS.
RGURE 1. TYPICAL DFE INSTALLATION,

Mounting theGeneratorSet
GENERAL
Mostgeneratorsetinstallationsmustbeengineeredto
ensurethegeneratorsetwillfunctionproperlyunderthe
expectedloadconditions.Usetheseinstructionsasa
generalguideonly.Followtheinstructionsof^the con-
sultingengineerwhenlocatingorinstallingany;compo-
nents. Thecompleteinstallationmustcomplywithall
localandstatebuildingcodes,fireordinances,and
otherapplicableregulations.RefertoOnanTechnical
Bulletin, T-030,forfurtherinstallationinformation.
Requirementstobeconsideredpriortoinstallation:
•Levelmountingsurface
•Adequatecoolingair
•Adequatefreshinductionair
•Dischargeofcirculatedair
•Dischargeofexhaustgases
•Electricalconnections
•Accessibilityforoperationandservicing
•Noiselevels
•Vibrationisolation
LOCATION
Generatorsetlocationisdecidedmainlybyrelatedsys-
temssuchasventilation,wiring, fuel, andexhaust.The
setshouldbelocatedasnearaspossibletothemain
powerfusebox.
Providea locationawayfromextremeambienttempera-
turesandprotectthegeneratorsetfromadverse
weatherconditions.Anoptionalhousingisavailablefor
outsideoperation.
Use 3/4-inch diameter,anchoredmountingboltsto
securethegeneratorsetskidtothefloortoprevent
movement.Securetheskidusinga flatwasherand
hexagonnutforeachbolt(seeFigure2).
HEXNUT
FLATWASHER
•12 IN.
305mm)
MOUNTING
BOLT
FIGURE2.BOLTDIAGRAM
MOUNTING
Generatorsetsaremountedonasteelskidthatprovides
propersupport.Theengine-generatorassemblyisiso-
latedfromtheskidframebyrubbermountsthatprovide
adequatevibrationisolationfornormalinstallations.For
criticalinstallations,installvibrationisolatorsbetween
theskidbaseandfoundations.
Mountthegeneratorsetona substantialandlevelbase
suchasaconcrete pad. Forproperspacingofmounting
boltsandsetmountingdimensions,seespecificgenera-
torsetspecificationsheet.
ACCESS TOSET
Planforaccesstothegeneratorsetforservicingand
provideadequatelightingaroundtheunit.Forconven-
ienceingeneralservicingsuchastheradiator,fanbelt,
andchangingthecrankcaseoil;thesurfaceofthe
mountingbaseshouldbeatleast6 inches(152mm)
abovethefloor.

Mechanical Connections
Thegenerator set mechanical:systeminstaUation
includesconnectingthe fuel, exhaust,ventilationand
coolingsystems.Beforestartinganytypeof fuel installa-
tion, Onanrecommendsaliipertinentstateandlocal
codes be compliedwithand:theinstallationmust be
inspectedbeforetheunitisput in, service. -
FUEL SYSTEM
Cumminsenginesusedonthe DF seriesgeneratorsets
normallyuseASTMNo. 2 Diesel fuel. They will, how-
ever,operateorvdceselfuelswithinthespeeificattons
delineated in the. Cumminsenginemanual.
General
In all fuelsystemtnstaiFattons,cfeantrness isot the
utmostimportance;.Makeevetyeffort to preventen-
trance*ofmoisture,,dirt or contaminants of any kind.
Cleanallfuelsystemcomponentsbeforeinstalling.
Useonlycompatibfe.metaftuetlinestoavofdelectroly-
siswhenfuel lines; mustbeburiedLNeverusegafwart.-
ized or copper fuel; tinesorfittingswtthdieseffuelas it
tendstoflakeo.ffandeortfaminatethe fuel. Useaflexibte
section of tubing;between,theengineand fuel: supply
linetowithstand.vibration.
ACAUTIOt*
Never use galvanized or copper fuel
lines,, fittings oriuettanks witftdiesel
fuel systems. Condensation in the tank and lines com-
bines with the sulfur in diesel fuel toproduce suffuric
acid. The molecufar structure of the copper or galvan-
ized lines or tanks reacts with the, acid and contami-
nates the fuel.
Anelectricsolenoidshutoftvatveinthesupplyline is
alwaysdesirabfeand!requtred!forindoorautomatic,or
remotestartmginstalfettors.Connect the sotenotd
'-wires to thebattefyigpitionictreuit to openthevalve
duringgeneratorsetoperation.
Supply Tank
Locatethefueltankascloseaspossibletothegenera-
torsetand within; theSfoot (1.5 metre}liftcapacityofthe
fuelpump if possiibfe.Choose a tankthathassufficient
capacitytokeepthegeneratormnning.continuouslyat
fullloadfor at least36hours.
AWARNING
Fuel teaks create fire andexplosion
hazards whichcanresult in severe:
personal injuryordeath. Always use flexible tubing
betweenengineandthe fuel supply toavoidlinefailure
and leaks duetovibration.The fuel system must meet
applicable codes.
Atypicalundergroundfuelsystemconsists ofa main
fueltank,ventandfillpipes,fuelsupplyline,andfuel
returnline(seeFigure 1). Ifthetankisinstalledbelowthe
liftcapabilitiesofthestandardfueltransferpump,a day
tankandauxiliarypumpwillalso be required. If an*
overheadtankis installed, a daytankandfloatvalvewill
berequired to preventfuelheadpressuresfrombeing
placedonthefuelsystemcomponents.RefertoTechni-
calBulletinT-030forexamples of fuelsupplysystems
thatrequire a daytank.
DayTank (If Used)
Daytanksarefueltransfertankswhicharousedwhen
thestandardenginefuelpumpdoesnothavethecapac-
itytodrawthefuel from: thesupplytank;orthesupply
tank is overheadandpresentsproblems of highfuel
headpressureforthefuelreturn.SeeFigure 3.
FUELPUMPRETURNLINE
(jFUSED);
INJECTOR,
FUELRETURN-
LINE
Aliimodelsrequirefuehreturn-line!
frominjectorstotank.
.fl-
FLOATTYPE.SWITCH
CONNECTTO
ACOUTPUT ' " V
VENTLINE
/
'DAY'TANK
25GAL.(20LITRE)
MINIMUMCAPACITY
FUELTRANSFER
PUMP - ELECTRIC
MOTORDRIVEN
LARGER
OVERFLOW
UNE
SUPPLY/
LINE FILL
PIPE
ll
11
li
11
II
11
UNDERGROUND
It
11
1 •
FUEL TANK
11
u
ES-1214-1
FIGURE 3. DAYTANK (TYPICAL)

SupplyTankLowerThanEngine:Withthisinstallation,
thedaytankisinstallednearthegeneratorsetand
withintheenginefuelpumpliftcapability,butbelowthe
fuelinjectionsystem.Installanauxiliaryfuelpumpas
closeaspossibletothesupplytanktopumpfuelfrom
thesupplytanktothedaytank.A floatswitchintheday
tankcontrolsoperationoftheauxiliaryfuelpump.
Thesupplytanktopmustbebelowthedaytanktoptoprevent
siphoningfromthefuelsupplytanktothedaytank.
Providea returnlinefromtheengineinjectionsystem
returnconnectiontothedaytank(nearthe top). Provide
adaytankoverflowlinetothesupplytankincasethe
floatswitchfailstoshutoffthefueltransferpump.
AWARNING Spilled fuel presents the hazard of
fire or explosion which can result in
severe personal injury or death. Provide an overflow
line to the supply tank from the day tank.
SupplyTankHigherThanEngine:Installthedaytank
nearthegeneratorsetandwithintheenginefuelpump
liftcapability,butbelowthefuelinjectionsystem.Use
fuellineatleastaslargeasthefuelpumpinlet.The
enginefuelreturnlinemust-enterthedaytank.
Includea shutoffsolenoidinthefuellinebetweenthe
fuelsupplytankandthedaytank.Itstopsfuelflowwhen
thegeneratorsetisoff.
RAINCAP
DRIPCAP
HOLESINENDOF
INNERSLEEVE
ROOF
9INCHMINIMUM
(230mm).
9INCHMINIMUM
(230mm)
(230mm)(230mm)
9INCHMIN, tt 9 INCHMIN
WALLORPARTITION
,1)1^/- HOLESIN
V END OF
INNERSLEEVE
DiameterolThimbleMustBe12Inches(305mm)
LargerThanDiameterofExhaustPipe EXS-1036
Engine Fuel Connections
Identificationtagsareattachedtothefuelsupplyline
andfuelreturnlineconnectionsbythefactory.Flexible
linesforconnectingbetweentheengineandthesta-
tionaryfuellinearesuppliedasstandardequipment.
RefertoTable1,SPECIFICATIONStorthefittingsizes.
EXHAUST SYSTEM
Pipeexhaustgasestotheoutsideofanyenclosure.
Locatetheexhaustoutletawayfromairinletstoavoid
exhaustgasesfromre-enteringtheenclosure.Exhaust
installationsaresubjecttovariousdetrimentalcondi-
tionssuchasextremeheat,infrequentoperation,and
lightloads.Regularlyinspecttheexhaustsystemboth
visuallyandaudiblytoensuretheentiresystemremains
fumetightandsafeforoperation.
AWARNING Inhalation of exhaust gases can
result in severe personal injury or
death. Useextreme care during installation to ensure a
tight exhaust system.
Useanapprovedthimble(Figure4)whereexhaust
pipespassthroughwallorpartitions.Refertothe
NationalFireProtectionAssociationBulletin,Volume4,
section211coveringStandardsforChimneys,Firepla-
cesandVentsforsuggestedcoderequirements.Build
accordingtothecoderequirementsineffectatthe
installationsite.
FIGURE4.EXHAUSTTHIMBLE(TYPICAL)
AWARNING Inhalation of exhaust gases can
result in severe personal injury or
death. Do not use exhaust heat to warm a room, com-
partment, or storage area.
Onanhasraincapsavailableforthedischargeendof
verticalexhaustpipes.Theraincapclampsontotheend
ofthepipeandopensduetoexhaustdischargeforce
fromthegeneratorset.Whenthegeneratorsetis
stopped, theraincapautomaticallycloses,protecting
theexhaustsystemfrom rain, snow,etc.
ACAUTION Weight applied to the engine mani-
fold can result in manifold damage.
Support the mufflerand exhaustpiping so no weight or
stress is applied to the engine exhaust manifold.
Avoidsharpbendsbyusingsweeping,longradius
elbowsandprovideadequatesupportformufflers,and
tailpipe.Pitcha horizontalrunofexhaustpipe
DOWNWARDtoallowanymoisturecondensationto
drainawayfromtheengine.Ifanexhaustpipemustbe
turnedupward,installa condensationtrapatthepoint
wheretherisebegins(seeFigure5).

IFEXHAUSTLINEMUSTBEPITCHEDUPWARD.
CONSTRUCT A TRAPOFPIPEFITTINGSAT
POINTOFRISE
AVOID
SHARP
BENDS
DRAINCONDENSATIONTRAP
PERIODICALLY
EXS-1046
FIGURES.EXHAUSTCONDENSATIONTRAP(TYPICAL)
Shield.orinsulateexhaustlines if there isa danger of
personalcontact.Allow at least 12 inches(305mm) of
clearance if thepipespasscloseto a combustiblewall
orpartition.
VENTILATION SYSTEM
Generatorsetscreateconsiderableheatthatmust be
removed by properventilation.Outdoorinstallations
rely on natural air circulation but indoorinstallations
needproperlysized and positionedvents forthe
requiredairflow.Refer to OnanTechnicalBulletin,
T-030, for additionalapplicationinformation.
Vents and Ducts
Forindoorinstallations,locatevents so incoming air
passesthrough the immediatearea of theinstallation
beforeexhausting.Installthe air outlethigherthan the
airinlet to allow for convection air movement(see Fig-
ure1 fora typicalinstallation).
Size the vents and ducts so they are largeenough to
allow the requiredflowrate ofair.The "freearea" of
ductsmust beas large asthe exposedarea ofthe
radiator.RefertotheDFEseriesProductDataSheetsfor
theairflowrequirements.
Windwillrestrictfreeairflow ifit blowsdirectlyintothe
airoutletvent.Locate the outletvent sothe effects of
windareeliminated.
Foroperationoutsidea building, a shelterhousingwith
electricallyoperatedlouvres is available asan option.
Transformersconnectedacross the generatoroutput
supplycurrent to themotors.
When the generator is operating,current inthe trans-
formersactuatethemotorsandopen the louvres. The
louvresareheldopenfortheduration of thesetopera-
tion, then are closed by returnspringswhen thesetis
shutdown.
Dampers
Dampers are used inany system to block the airflow
throughtheventswhenthegeneratorsetisnotrunning.
This is sometimesnecessary in coldclimates to keep
thegeneratorenclosure ata normaltemperature.
RadiatorSet
Radiatorsetcooling air isdrawnpasttherearoftheset
byafanwhichblowsairthroughtheradiator.Locatethe
airinlet to therear of setandnearthefloor.Make the
inletventopening 1 -1 /2 timeslargerthantheradiator.
Locatethecoolingairoutletdirectlyinfrontoftheradia-
torandascloseaspossible.Theeffectiveopeningarea
shouldbe1.3timesaslargeastheradiator area. Length
andshape of the air outletductshouldofferminimum
restriction to airflow. Usea duct of sheetmetal and
canvasbetweentheradiatorandthe air outletopening
topreventrecirculation of heated airand provide for
flexibleconnection. ^
HeatExchanger *
Heatexchangercooledsetsdonotuse a conventional
radiator.Instead, a constantlychangingwaterflow
coolstheheatexchangerwhichinturncoolstheengine
coolant.Sufficient air movementandfresh air must be
available to disperseheat radiated from theheatexchanger.
Toprovidesufficientairflow,ventilationfans maybe
required. Sizethefanstoremoveallheatrejectedtothe
roombythegenerator set, exhaustpipesandotherheat
producingequipment.Maintaining a temperature dif-
ferential of20°to 30°F (11°to170C)is usually
satisfactory.
COOLING SYSTEMS
A set mountedradiatorwithenginedrivenfan is stan-
dard onthe generator set. Optionalcoolingsystems
includeremoteradiatorcooling and heatexchanger
cooling.
Thefollowingsectionsbrieflycover the installation
requirements for eachsystem.Refer to Technical Bul-
letinT-030 for moredetailedinformation.
Standard RadiatorCooling
Thestandardradiatorcoolingsystem (see Figure 1)
uses a set mountedradiatorwith an enginedriven
pushertypefan to coolthegeneratorset. Airis pulled
fromthegeneratorendofthesetacrosstheengineand
thenforcedthrough the radiator. Anair ductadapter
flangesurroundstheradiatorgrill to allowmounting of
the air dischargeduct.Refer to thesection on Ventila-
tion for locationandsizing of ductsandvents.

RemoteRadiator(Optional)
Remoteradiatorscanbelocateda horizontalora verti-
caldistance,fromanengine.Thehorizontaldistanceis
limitedbythecapabilityoftheenginedrivenwaterpump
andthemaximumexternalFrictionHeadpressure.The
verticaldistanceislimitedtothemaximumStaticHead
pressurewhichcanbeimposedoncoolantsystem
gasketsandsealswithoutleakageofcoolantfromcoo-
lantsystemcomponents.TheFrictionandStaticHead
pressuresofeachGenSetareincludedintheirProduct
DataSheet.
Thetwokeydesignconsiderationsina remoteradiator
installationaretheverticaldistance(X)fromtheengine
centerlinetotheradiatortopandthehorizontaldistance
(Y) fromtheenginefronttotheradiatorcenterline(see
Figure6).Thesedistancesdetermineifanyadditional
equipmentisrequiredsuchasa surgetank,auxiliary
pump, orhot well. Becauseofthemanydesignconsid-
erations,allremoteradiatorinstallationsmustbe engi-
neeredtoinsurethatthesystemwillfunctionproperly.
Followtheinstructionsoftheconsultingengineerwhen
installinga remoteradiatorsystem-Additionalinforma-
tioniscontainedinTechnicalBulletinT-030.
Thissystemcanreducesetenclosureairflowrequire-
mentsandnoiselevels.Properoperationdependsona
constantsupplyofrawwaterforheatremoval.Adjust
theflowtomaintainwatertemperaturebetween165°
and1950F(74°and910C)whileviewingthewater
temperaturegauge.Theenginecoolantsideofthesys-
temcanbeprotectedfromfreezing;therawwaterside
cannotbeprotected.
Allheatexchangercooledsetsmustbeconnectedtoa
pressurizedsupplyofcoldwater.Makeconnectionsto
thesetwithflexiblepipetoabsorbvibration.Onthecool
waterline,installa solenoidvalvetoshutofftheflow
whenthesetisshutdownanda rateofflowvalveto
controlenginetemperature.Thisvalvecanbeeither
manualorautomatic.Actualrateofflowwilldependon
inletwatertemperature.
Adjustthevalvetomaintainwatertemperaturebetween
165°to195°F (74°to910C)whileoperatingtheunitat
full load.
Heat Exchanger (Optional)
Thiscoolingsystemusesa shellandtubetypeheat
exchangerinsteadofthestandardradiatorandfan(see
Figure7).Enginejacketcoolantcirculatesthroughthe
shellsideoftheheatexchanger,whilethecoolingwater
ispumpedthroughthetubes.Enginecoolantandraw
waterdonotmix.Thistypeofcoolingseparationis
necessarywhentherawwatercontainsscaleforming
lime, orotherimpurities.
7PSIMINIMUM(48kPa)PRESSURECAP
FILLER
Beforefillingcoolingsystem,checkallhardwarefor
tightness.Thisincludeshoseclamps,capscrews,fit-
tingsandconnections.Useflexiblecoolantlineswith
heatexchangerorremotemountedradiator.
C
ENGINE
GENERATORSET
m
FIGURE6.REMOTERADIATORINSTALLATION
9
CS-1130

EXPANSIONTANK
DRAIN
'WATER
•IN;
MANUALORAUTOMATIC
WATER.TEMP-CONTROL.
VALVE STRAINER^ CS-1075
FIGURE 7. TYPICAL HEAT EXCHANGER
Coolant Filter
One spin-ontypexorrosion filter (Figure8)isstandard
equipment. This precharge filter is compatible with plain
waterandallethyleneglycol base permanentanti-
freeze coolants. Refertoengine manufacturer'smanual
forinstructionslfamethoxypropanal base anti-freeze is
desired. Replace>filterperiodicallyas recommended; in
MAINTENANCE section ofOperatorsManual.
COOLANTFILTER-
SHUT-OFFVALVE
SPIN-ON
COOLANTFILTER-
SHUT-OFF1VALVE
BATTERYCHARGING
ALTERNATOR
FIGURE 8. TYPICAL COOLANT FILTER;
Coolant Heater (Optional)
A coolantheateris used tokeepenginecoolant warm
whentheengine is shut down. It heats and circulates the
coolant within theengine. This reduces start-up time
and lessens engine wear caused bycold starts. Itis
electrically operatedandthermostaticallycontrolled.
ACAUTION The heater must not be operated
while the cooling system is empty or
whentheengineisrunning or, damage to theheater-will
occur.
Figure9 showsthetheheaterlineconnections.Con-
nectthe.heatertoa sourceofpowerthatwillbeon
duringthetimetheengineisnotrunning.Besurethe
voltageratingiscorrectfortheheaterelementrating.-
WATERHEATER
OUTLET
OILPLUG -- WATER
HEATER
INLET
ELEMENT
HEADAND
VALVEASSY
DRAINCOCK
FIGURE 9. TYPICAL COOLANT HEATER
10

Electrical Connections
GENERAL
Thegeneratorsetelectricalsysteminstallationincludes.
connectingthe load, installingthecontrolwiring,and
connectingthebatteries.Thebatteriesshouldbe con-
nectedlasttoavoidaccidentalstartingoftheunitduring
installation.
Mostlocalregulationsrequirewiringconnectionsbe-
rnade bya licensedelectricianandtheinstallationmust
beinspectedandapprovedbeforeoperation.All con-
nections,wiresizes,etc.mustconformtotherequire-
mentsofallelectricalcodesineffectattheinstallation
site.
AWARNING Improper wiring can result in fire and
severe personal injury or death.
TRANSFER SWITCH
Iftheinstallationisforstandbyservice,atransferswitch
isrequiredforswitchingtheloadfromthenormalpower
sourcetothegeneratorset(seeFigure10).Eithera
manualorautomatictransferswitchmaybeused. Fol-
lowtheinstallationinstructionsprovidedwiththe
transferswitchwhenconnectingtheloadandcontrol
wiring. Onansuppliedtransferswitchesmatchthe
generatorrating.
AC WIRING
GeneratorVoltage Connections
Thegeneratoroutputvoltagesandmaximumcurrent
ratingisspecifiedonthegeneratornameplate.Line-to-
neutralvoltageisalwaysthelowervoltageshownonthe
nameplateandline-to-linevoltageisthehigherrating.
Generatorscanbedividedintotwogroups,reconnecti-
bleandnon-reconnectible.Thereconnectibletype
generatorcanbewiredtogiveoneofseveralpossible
voltages.Non-reconnectibletypegeneratorsproduce
onlyonespecificvoltageandcannotbewiredtogivea
differentvoltagewithoutextensivemodifications.The
followingsectionsexplaintheconnectionprocedurefor
eachvoltagecode.
Non-ReconnectibleGenerators(VoltageCodes6D,
7R,and9X):Thesegeneratorsarewiredatthefactory
fora specificvoltageandarenotintendedforreconnec-
tion. Thevoltageandcorrespondingcurrentrating
(amperes)areshownonthenameplate.
ReconnectibleGenerators(VoltageCodes15and
515): Generatorswithcodes15(for 60Hertz)and515
(for50Hertz)arethreephasegeneratorsthatcanbe
reconnectedforanyofthevoltagesshowninFigure 11.
Refertothesetnameplateforthecorrespondingcurrent
rating(amperes).
LOAD
NORMAL
SOURCE GENSET
FIGURE10.LOADTRANSFERSWITCH
(TYPICALFUNCTION)
Load Connections
The12leadgeneratorswithloadconnectionwiresARE
NOTconnectedtogetherintheoutputboxwhen
shippedfromthefactory.These12wiresarelabeledT1
throughT12andmustbebroughttogetherbeforemak-
ingloadconnections.Proceedasfollows:
1. Removetherightorleftpanelfromoutputbox..
2. Bolttheloadwirestotheappropriategeneratorlead
wiresintheoutputboxaccordingtoFigure11for
requiredvoltage.
3.Insulatetheconnections.
11

220/380VOLT, 3 PHASE, 60 HERTZ
347/600VOLT, 3 PHASE, 60 HERTZ
if-/ GENERATOR
CONNECTION.
SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM*
GENERATORCONNECTIONWIRINGDIAGRAM
(WITHCURRENTTRANSFORMERSWHENUSED)
15; 120/240•'
US/230
1TO/220
6.0.
\3:B/.T»B.
:ii5 ll!S/2:3:0
f X
1.T0/Z20 : IT.
soe
so;
12.0/20.8
uyiAo.
sis:
1:10/1.9 0.
115/20.0
nq/ios:
UT/220
6.0
60:
e>S>:
[iXK
SO:
SO
'so;
t3r TV
TIO'T6T717.Til T-41T81 T3T12TS
to. 11
C.T21
13
CT22
CT24
CT23'
TS TIO.'TI2
T3 T9
24o/*l,6.
254/440
2Z7/48.0
SIS
22X^3801
230/4Ott
2:40/4«l,6.
•2 S-4/4.4 0
6.0;
60;
6.0;
SO
50;
SO;
SO
1.a, 11
\. CT21
CT22
C T24
TIO;T li TT 2:TT.T7T4iTT. TS* T5T3,
9aC2l93.
FIGURE 11. GENERATORVOLTAGECONNEG.TIONS
12

WheninstallingsetswiththeoptionalACammeter,the
generatoroutputleadsmustberoutedthrougha current
transformerforpropermeteroperation(SeeFigure12).
Thetransformersareidentified CT21, CT22,andCT23
(threephaseonly)onthewiringdiagramandelectrical
schematics.RefertoFigure11toidentifytheoutput
leadsthatmustberoutedthrougheachtransformer.
Usea cabletietosecuretheloosetransformertothe
generatoroutputleads.
CURRENTTRANSFORMERS
FIGURE12.CURRENTTRANSFORMERS
Load Balancing
Whenconnectingloadstothegeneratorset,balance
theloadssothecurrentflowfromeachlineterminal (L1,
L2, andL3)isaboutthesame.Thisisespeciallyimpor-
tantifbothsinglephase-andthreephaseloadsare
connected. Anycombinationofsinglephaseandthree
phaseloadingcanbeusedaslongaseachlinecurrent
isaboutthesame,within10percentofmedianvalue,
andnolinecurrentexceedsthenameplateratingofthe
generator.Checkthecurrentflowfromeachlineafter
connectionsbyobservingthecontrolpanelammeter.
Grounding
Groundinginvolvesmakinga conductingconnection
betweenthemetalpartsofthegeneratorsetoroneofits
electricalcircuitsandthe earth. Thedesignandinstalla-
tionofa groundingsystemisaffectedbymanyfactors
suchastheuseofmultipletransformers,groundfault
protectionrequirements,andphysicallocationofthe
generator.Followtherecommendationsoftheconsult-
ingengineerwheninstallingthegroundingsystem.
AWARNING Confacf with electrical equipment
can result in severe personal injury
or death. It is extremely important that bonding and
equipment grounding be properly done. All metallic
parts that could become energized under abnormal
conditions must be properly grounded.
ControlHeater(Optional)
Acontrolheaterprovidesameansofhumidity/tempera-
turecontrolofthecontrolboxinteriortoprotectthe
componentsandensuretheireffectivenesswhenthe
generatorsetissubjectedtovaryingambientaircondi-
tionsduringextendedperiodsofnon-use(seeFigure
13). Theelementiscontrolledbyanadjustable
thermostat.
ES-1563-3
FIGURE13.CONTROLHEATER
13

DCWIRING
RemoteControlConnections
.Provisionsaremadeinsidethecontrolboxfbraddition
-ofoptionalremote.startlng^awdaf amjs. Gonnectionsare
madeontheterminalbJook <TB1) locatedontheengine
monitoroireuitboard{A-l 1|. Connect oneor more
'•remoteswitchesacrossremoteterminalandS*/termi-
nal(SeeFigure14).
Ifthedistancebetweenvihegeneratorsetaiadremote
sstationsHSless;than?1©©01eet^305mm),use1i8gauge
strandedcopperwirei^the^^distocefe1©0Gtb^OO0feet
(305 to610 m); use.> 1$gaugestrandedoopperwire.
••«lkViimys: mfumritft&cSSto^v&finQfa^separ^chmdyift;
"ffomitheAG^powe^s<»b*es lo avoid: aindacing c\jiTenfe
^h"atrc0uldiCause5pTia>i©(nswftlwh^ecmj*©!;
RemoteMonitorConnections
Provisionsaremadeinsidethecontrolboxforaddition
ofoptionalremotemonitoring on thesegeneratorsets
employingoptionalDetector12Control(12lightpanel).
Connections are made onthe terminalblock (TB2)
locatedontheenginemonitorcircuit.board(A11).
ACAUTION Do Not install DC control wiring in the
same conduit as the AC power.'AC
voltage induced,currents can create operational prob-
lems with electronic solid-state devices.
•. i:
S^OCPOWER)
TB2
1 FAULT
2 - INPUT 1 NON-TIMED
2-
EAULT 2 • OUTPUT i ..SHUTDOWN
;:3- •
FAULT.1 - INPUT \
TIMED
-
4 FAULT
1 - OUTPUT i SHUTDOWN
5 LAMPTEST/RESET
6 OVERCRANK
7 OVERSPEED
8 • HIGHENGINETEMPERATURE
.9 : LOWOILPRESSURE
10 PRE-KIGHENGINETEMPERiATUIBE
11 PRE«WOILPRESSURE
12 SWITCHOFF
13 LOWENGINETEMPERATURE
14 LOWFUEL
- INPUT
15 LOWFUEL - OUTPUT
16 •SHUT-OOWN
ENGINE
CONTROL
•MONITOR
•All
XES-1S61
FfSURE14.REMOTECONTROLANDREMOTEMONITORCONNECTIONS
14

Battery Connections
Startingtheunitrequires24-voltbatterycurrent.Use
two12-volt(seeSPECIFICATIONS)batteriesfora nor-
malinstallation.Connectthebatteriesinseries(nega-
tivepostoffirstbatterytopositivepostofsecond)as
showninFigure15.Normalinstallationbatterycables
areincluded.Increasethecablesizeifbatteriesare
locatedremotelyfromgeneratorset.Servicethebatter-
iesasnecessary.Infrequentunituse(asinemergency
standbyservice)mayallowthebatteriestoself-
dischargetothepointwheretheycannotstarttheunit.If
installinganautomatictransferswitchthathasnobuilt-
inchargecircuit,connecta specialfloatcharger.
Ignition of explosive battery gases
can cause severe personal injury. Do
STARTINGMOTOR
SOLENOID BATTERYPOSITIVE
CONNECTION
AWARNING
not smoke while servicing batteries.
CONNECTNEGATIVECABLETO
CONVENIENTBOLTONENGINE
THECONNECTIONMUSTBECLEAN
ANDPAINTFREE
2-12VOLTBATTERIES
FIGURE15.BATTERYCONNECTIONS
15

Beforeattempting theira^itia'ls'tafting^tteseieneFator^,
be? sureitisservicediatselfre'adyffOT*oiDerationJFillSftre
coolant; I u brication:and;fu^lfs^teTns:aTid;pwm^^
riGation-andfuelsystfems.- '
mmmm
Enginecoolantisdriii^^tor^^ipwerttlB^teFre^ta'ft-
i ng, fi 11 thecoolantsystem^withlthie-reGOmmended codl-
antpertheOpera\m^Mmiia\MMN^NMN'G'£s$ee\\m,
Coolantinstructions:
LUBRICATION
EnginelubricationJissdrained•priorttorshipment.SBefore
starting, fillandprimeStheHubricatiO^
follows:
1. Remove-oil M'nlet^litfiBffrotnft^^e^aiseTlhrocrsin®
(Fig u re 16), MIsbearing^housingwith «5le"an ^engine
lubricatingidil^-replaeeiline.fsecure.
2; Fillcrankcase^to"L''f(teW)wa;r^^n--dip^ti^(Sigure
17).
3.RemoveplugSromth-eadcdffdMN
16) andconnectva"handtorrmdtONdrivenipiming
pumpfrom5a?sot»ee«ffasteaia'UI&BB^fcfig«>ilft©^h'e
plug'boss?inEfjlter.!h*oasihg-
4. PrimeantH^Bpsl^Yik^lS^smfe-'iS^^linBd.
5.Disconne£tmiteftfiotn Steel «ote'n'0id*val«eIPigure
18) , closethT^ttlewd^rawk^Tg^newSile^iri
ingan^exfei^l^infep^i^^^spsi^i^^i,
for15seconds.
6.Remove^^•nSl-^i'm^a^^weTtt.a^a^^lLig
infilterhoUSihgand^oiXiu^to1^to^?ft.'lbi(2t)itoS7
N«m).
7.ReconnebtiW.ire«to3oel^huKdff^valve.
'8. Complete«n9illfto^Hl^l3)^atk«i^^^tic1<.
•EXHAUST
CONNECTION
COI.L':SURPLYINLETLINE.'•
HDISC-'ONNECTATTHIS
'POINTTOPRIME
T—rTURBO^CHARGER
HOUSING*• .
.78342-3
FlUT-ER
FIGURE16.PRIMINGTURBOCHARGER
•OIL
03fP"STICK •:0I.LfFIL'L
FIGURE S17.. 30IUFILI.ANDiOIRSTIGK'liOCATlONS

FUELSOLENOID
FIGURE18.FUELSOLENOIDVALVELOCATION
FUEL SYSTEM
Enginefuelmaynotbeprimedatthefuelfiltersafter
shipment.Toverifyandreprimethefuelsystemperform
thefollowingprocedure:
1. Removeeachfuelfilter(Figure19)andfillwithclean
fuel.
2. Puta lightcoatoffuelonthesealinggasket.
3.Installandtightenbyhanduntilthegasketjust
touchesthefilterhead.
4. Tightenthefilteranadditionalone-halftothree-
fourthsofa turn.
SUPPLYLINE,
FILTERTO
INJECTIONPUMP FUELSUPPLY
NLET
VENTILATION
Verifyallairventsandductsareopenandfreeof
anyobstructions.Verifydampers,ifused,operate
properly.
EXHAUST SYSTEM
Checktheexhaustsystemforproperinstallation.
Verifythereisatleast12inches(305mm)clearance
betweenexhaustpipesandanycombustible
materials.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Verifyallelectricalconnectionsaresecureandall
wiringiscomplete.Replaceandsecureanyaccess
panelsthatmayhavebeenremovedduringinstall-
ation.
Battery Connections
Usetwo12-voltbatteriesfora normalinstallation.
Connectpositivebatterycablebeforeconnecting
negativebatterycabletopreventarcing.
Servicethebatteryasnecessary.Ifanautomatic
transferisnotusedorisinstalledwithouta build-in
chargecircuit,connecta separatetricklechargerto
thebattery.
Load Connections
Checkthatloadcablesfromgeneratorsetareprop-
erlyconnectedtoeithera transferswitchorcircuit
breakerpanel.
MECHANICAL CHECK
Checkthegeneratorsetforlooseordamagedcom-
ponentsandrepairorreplaceasrequired.
FUELFILTERS
FIGURE19.FUELFILTERS
17

Initial Startand Checks
Beforeputtingthegeneratorsetunderloadconditions,
verifythegeneratorsetwillperform'correctlybycheck-
ingthefollowingareas.
STARTING
MovetheRun/Stop/Remoteswitchontheengine con-
trolpaneltothe RUN; position. Ihestartershouldcrank
theengineandtheengineshouldstartwithina few
seconds.Ifaftera fewsecondsofcrankingtheengine
failstostartorstarts,runs,andthenstopsandthefault
lamplights,refertotheTroubleshootingchartinthe
OperatorsManual.
ENGINE GAUGES
Checkthefollowingwhilethegeneratorsetisoperating.
Oil Pressure Gauge
Theoilpressureshouldbeintherangeof50to70psi
(345to483kPa)whentheengineisatoperating
temperature.
Water TemperatureGauge
Thewatertemperatureshouldbeintherangeof•'T=650to
195°F(74?to91''CJdepending'ontheloadandambient
temperature.
DC Ammeter
Themaximumchargerateforthesetmountedbattery
chargingalternatoris35amperes.Chargerateshould
tapertozerofollowingstart-upasbatterybecomes
charged.
AC METERS (IF EQUIPPED)
NotetheACinstrumentsonthecontrolpanel.Thefre-
quencymeterandvoltmetershouldindicaterated
nameplatefrequencyandvoltage.Turnthecontrol
panelVoltageAdjustcontrol(ifequipped)fornameplate
voltage.UsethePhaseSelectorSwitchtoreadeachof
theline-to-linevoltages.
Ifunitdoesnothavecontrolinstrumentsora Voltage
Adjustcontrolonthefrontpanel,proceedtoGenerator
VoltageCheckssectionofthismanual.
Check thefollowingwhilethegenerator set is operating.
Frequency Meter
Thegeneratorfrequencyshouldbestableandtheread-
ingshouldbethesameasthenameplaterating(50or60
Hz).
AC Voltmeter
Turnthephaseselectorswitchtoeachline-to-line
phaseselectionshownonthevoltsscale(L1-L2on
singlephasesets:L1-L2,L2rL3,andL3-L1onthree
phasesets).ReadtheACvoltmeterusingtheupperor
lowerscaleasindicatedbythescaleindicatorlight.At
no load, theline-to-linevoltageshouldbethesameas
thesetnameplaterating.
AC Ammeter
Turnthephaseselectorswitchtoeachphaseselection
shownontheamperesscale (L1 andL2onsinglephase
sets; L1,L2,andL3onthreephasesets).Readthe
ammeterusingtheupperorlowerscaleasindicatedby
thescaleindicatorlight.At no load, thecurrentreadings
shouldbezero.Witha loadapplied,eachlinecurrent
shouldbeapproximatelythesameandnolinecurrent
shouldexceedthesetnameplaterating.
ENGINE MONITORINDICATOR LAMPS
MovetheRun/Stop/Remoteswitchontheengine
paneltothestopposition.HoldtheReset/LampTest
switchintheTestposition.Allindicatorlampsshould
light.Verifyallofthelampsareonandthenreleasethe
switch. ContactanOnandistributorifanylampsrequire
replacement.
GEN ERATOR VOLTAG E CHECKS
Generatorvoltagechecksconsistoftwopossible
proceduresdependentongeneratorsetmeters(Detec-
torACOption).
Thegeneratorvoltagemaybeadjustedwithin5%ofthe
ratednameplatevoltagethroughexternalcontrolpanel
mountedorinternalvoltageregulatormountedpotenti-
ometers.Theinternalpotentiometeralsoadjuststhe
rangeoftheexternalpotentiometer.
MovetheRun/Stop/Remoteswitchontheengine con-
trolpaneltotheRunposition.Checkthefollowingwhile
thegeneratorsetisoperating.
GeneratorVoltageAdjust(DetectorACOption)
Thisprocedurepertainstogeneratorsetsequipped
withDetectorACoptiononly.TheACoptionconsistsof
meters,switchesanda voltageadjustingR21potenti-
ometeronthecontrolfrontpanel.
1. OperatePhaseSelectorswitchtoreadgenerator
outputcurrentandvoltageandperformthefollow-
ingsteps:
A.Inserta screwdriverintotheVoltageAdjustR21
potentiometerlocatedonthefrontofthegenera-
torsetcontrolandusinga wrenchcarefully
loosenthelockingnut.
18