Oomlout Ardx User manual

Arduino

Experimenter’s

Guide

(ARDX)

arduino experimentation kit

TBCN

table of contents

A Few Words

About this Kit

The overall goal of this kit is fun. Beyond this, the aim is to get

you comfortable using a wide range of electronic components

through small, simple and easy circuits. The focus is to get

each circuit working then giving you the tools to figure out why.

If you encounter any problems, want to ask a question, or would

like to know more about any part, extra help is only an e-mail away [email protected].

About Open Source Hardware

All of .:oomlout:.'s projects are open source. What does this mean? It means everything

involved in making this kit, be it this guide, 3D models, or code is available for free download.

But it goes further, you're also free to reproduce and modify any of this material, then distribute

it for yourself. The catch? Quite simple; it is released under a Creative Commons (By - Share

Alike) license. This means you must credit .:oomlout:. in your design and share your

developments in a similar manner. Why? We grew up learning and playing with open source

software and the experience was good fun, we think it would be lovely if a similar experience

was possible with physical things.

(more details on the Creative Commons CC (By - Share Alike) License can be found at )

( http://tinyurl.com/2dkzmd )

About .: oomlout :.

We’re a plucky little design company focusing on producing

“delightfully fun open source products”

To check out what we are up to

http://www.oomlout.com

About Problems

We strive to deliver the highest level of quality in each and every thing we produce. If you ever

find an ambiguous instruction, a missing piece, or would just like to ask a question, we’ll try our

best to help out. You can reach us at:

[email protected]

(we like hearing about problems it helps us improve future versions)

Thanks For Choosing .:oomlout:.

.: Where to Find Everything :.

Before We Start

{ASEM} Assembling the Pieces 02

{INST} Installing the Software 03

{PROG} A Small Programming Primer 04

{ELEC} A Small Electronics Primer 06

The Circuits

{CIRC01} Getting Started - (Blinking LED) 08

{CIRC02} 8 LED Fun - (Multiple LEDs) 10

{CIRC03} Spin Motor Spin - (Transistor and Motor) 12

{CIRC04} A Single Servo - (Servos) 14

{CIRC05} 8 More LEDs - (74HC595 Shift Register) 16

{CIRC06} Music - (Piezo Elements) 18

{CIRC07} Button Pressing - (Pushbuttons) 20

{CIRC08} Twisting - (Potentiometers) 22

{CIRC09} Light - (Photo Resistors) 24

{CIRC10} Temperature - (TMP36 Temperature Sensor) 26

{CIRC11} Larger Loads - (Relays) 28

TBCN

table of contents

A Few Words

About this Kit

The overall goal of this kit is fun. Beyond this, the aim is to get

you comfortable using a wide range of electronic components

through small, simple and easy circuits. The focus is to get

each circuit working then giving you the tools to figure out why.

If you encounter any problems, want to ask a question, or would

like to know more about any part, extra help is only an e-mail away [email protected].

About Open Source Hardware

All of .:oomlout:.'s projects are open source. What does this mean? It means everything

involved in making this kit, be it this guide, 3D models, or code is available for free download.

But it goes further, you're also free to reproduce and modify any of this material, then distribute

it for yourself. The catch? Quite simple; it is released under a Creative Commons (By - Share

Alike) license. This means you must credit .:oomlout:. in your design and share your

developments in a similar manner. Why? We grew up learning and playing with open source

software and the experience was good fun, we think it would be lovely if a similar experience

was possible with physical things.

(more details on the Creative Commons CC (By - Share Alike) License can be found at )

( http://tinyurl.com/2dkzmd )

About .: oomlout :.

We’re a plucky little design company focusing on producing

“delightfully fun open source products”

To check out what we are up to

http://www.oomlout.com

About Problems

We strive to deliver the highest level of quality in each and every thing we produce. If you ever

find an ambiguous instruction, a missing piece, or would just like to ask a question, we’ll try our

best to help out. You can reach us at:

[email protected]

(we like hearing about problems it helps us improve future versions)

Thanks For Choosing .:oomlout:.

.: Where to Find Everything :.

Before We Start

{ASEM} Assembling the Pieces 02

{INST} Installing the Software 03

{PROG} A Small Programming Primer 04

{ELEC} A Small Electronics Primer 06

The Circuits

{CIRC01} Getting Started - (Blinking LED) 08

{CIRC02} 8 LED Fun - (Multiple LEDs) 10

{CIRC03} Spin Motor Spin - (Transistor and Motor) 12

{CIRC04} A Single Servo - (Servos) 14

{CIRC05} 8 More LEDs - (74HC595 Shift Register) 16

{CIRC06} Music - (Piezo Elements) 18

{CIRC07} Button Pressing - (Pushbuttons) 20

{CIRC08} Twisting - (Potentiometers) 22

{CIRC09} Light - (Photo Resistors) 24

{CIRC10} Temperature - (TMP36 Temperature Sensor) 26

{CIRC11} Larger Loads - (Relays) 28

Step 5: Plug In Your Arduino

Plug your Arduino in:

using the included USB cable, plug your Arduino board into a

free USB port

0302

01 ASEM

assembling the

pieces

Breadboard

x1 Arduino

3mm x 10mm bolt

x2 3mm nut

Arduino Holder

02 INST

installing

(software and hardware)

.: NOTE: :.

.: Encountering problems? :.

.: Would like more details? Using Linux? :.

.:http://tinyurl.com/r99d8u :.

Step 1: Download the software

Goto

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

And download the software for your operating system

Windows XP Mac OSX

Step 2: Unzip the Software

Unzip

arduino-00 -win.zip (

Recommended Path

c:\Program Files\

rr rr- version #)

Step 3: Shortcut Icon

Open

c:\program files\arduino-00 (

Right Click

Arduino.exe (send to>Desktop (create shortcut) )

rr\rr- version #)

Step 4: Plug In Your Arduino

Plug your Arduino in:

using the included USB cable, plug your Arduino board into a

free USB port

Wait for a box to pop up

Step 5: Add new Hardware

Skip searching the internet

(click the next box when prompted to do so)

Install from a Specific destination

(click “Install from a list or specific location (Advanced))

Choose the Location

c:\program files\arduino-00rr\drivers\FTDI USB Drivers\

Finished

Step 2: Open The .dmg

Open (mount)

arduino-00 -mac.dmg (rr rr- version #)

Step 4: Install Drivers

Goto

"Arduino" device

FTDI Drivers for Intel Macs ( _ _ ).pkg

(FTDI Drivers for PPC Macs ( __ ).pkg

Double Click & Install

rrrr

.: Putting It Together :. .: Installing the IDE :.

This is the program used to write programs for the Arduino (meta?).

It may seem a little daunting at first but once you have it installed

and start playing around, its secrets will reveal themselves

.: For an introduction to what an Arduino is visit :.

.: http://tinyurl.com/9txjmh :.

Step 3: Copy The Application

Goto

"Arduino" (in the devices section of finder)

Move

"Arduino" Application to the

"Applications" folder

Step 5: Plug In Your Arduino

Plug your Arduino in:

using the included USB cable, plug your Arduino board into a

free USB port

0302

01 ASEM

assembling the

pieces

Breadboard

x1 Arduino

3mm x 10mm bolt

x2 3mm nut

Arduino Holder

02 INST

installing

(software and hardware)

.: NOTE: :.

.: Encountering problems? :.

.: Would like more details? Using Linux? :.

.:http://tinyurl.com/r99d8u :.

Step 1: Download the software

Goto

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

And download the software for your operating system

Windows XP Mac OSX

Step 2: Unzip the Software

Unzip

arduino-00 -win.zip (

Recommended Path

c:\Program Files\

rr rr- version #)

Step 3: Shortcut Icon

Open

c:\program files\arduino-00 (

Right Click

Arduino.exe (send to>Desktop (create shortcut) )

rr\rr- version #)

Step 4: Plug In Your Arduino

Plug your Arduino in:

using the included USB cable, plug your Arduino board into a

free USB port

Wait for a box to pop up

Step 5: Add new Hardware

Skip searching the internet

(click the next box when prompted to do so)

Install from a Specific destination

(click “Install from a list or specific location (Advanced))

Choose the Location

c:\program files\arduino-00rr\drivers\FTDI USB Drivers\

Finished

Step 2: Open The .dmg

Open (mount)

arduino-00 -mac.dmg (rr rr- version #)

Step 4: Install Drivers

Goto

"Arduino" device

FTDI Drivers for Intel Macs ( _ _ ).pkg

(FTDI Drivers for PPC Macs ( __ ).pkg

Double Click & Install

rrrr

.: Putting It Together :. .: Installing the IDE :.

This is the program used to write programs for the Arduino (meta?).

It may seem a little daunting at first but once you have it installed

and start playing around, its secrets will reveal themselves

.: For an introduction to what an Arduino is visit :.

.: http://tinyurl.com/9txjmh :.

Step 3: Copy The Application

Goto

"Arduino" (in the devices section of finder)

Move

"Arduino" Application to the

"Applications" folder

// (single line comment)

It is often useful to write notes

to yourself as you go along

about what each line of code

does. To do this type two back

slashes and everything until the

end of the line will be ignored by

your program.

{ } (curly brackets)

Used to define when a block of

code starts and ends (used in

functions as well as loops)

0504

03 PROG

programming

primer

.: A Small Programming Primer:.

03 PROG

programming

primer

Arduino Programming in Brief

The Arduino is programmed in the C language. This is a quick little primer targeted at people

who have a little bit of programing experience and just need a briefing on the ideosyncrocies of

C and the Arduino IDE. If you find the concepts a bit daunting, don't worry, you can start going

through the circuits and pick up most of it along the way. For a more in depth intro the

Arduino.cc website is a great resource (the foundations page http://tinyurl.com/954pun)

Structure

void setup(){ }

All the code between the two

curly brackets will be run once

when your Arduino program

first runs.

Each Arduino program

(often called a sketch) has

two required functions

(also called routines).

Variables

void loop(){ }

This function is run after setup

has finished. After it has run

once it will be run again, and

again, until power is removed.

Syntax

;(semicolon)

Each line of code must be

ended with a semicolon (a

missing semicolon is often the

reason for a programme

refusing to compile)

One of the slightly

frustrating elements of C is

its formating requirements

(this also makes it very

powerful). If you remember

the following you should be

alright.

/* */(multi line comment)

If you have a lot to say you can

span several lines as a

comment. Everything between

these two symbols will be

ignored in your program.

A program is nothing more

than instructions to move

numbers around in an

intelligent way. Variables are

used to do the moving

long (long)

Used when an integer is not

large enough. Takes 4 bytes

(32 bits) of RAM and has a

range between -2,147,483,648

and 2,147,483,648.

int (integer)

The main workhorse, stores a

number in 2 bytes (16 bits).

Has no decimal places and will

store a value between -32,768

and 32,768.

boolean (boolean)

A simple True or False variable.

Useful because it only uses one

bit of RAM.

char (character)

Stores one character using the

ASCII code (ie 'A' = 65). Uses

one byte (8 bits) of RAM. The

Arduino handles strings as an

array of char’s

float (float)

Used for floating point math

(decimals). Takes 4 bytes (32

bits) of RAM and has a range

between -3.4028235E+38 and

3.4028235E+38.

Maths Operators

=(assignment) makes something equal to something else (eg. x =

10 * 2 (x now equals 20))

%(modulo) gives the remainder when one number is divided by

another (ex. 12 % 10 (gives 2))

+(addition)

- (subtraction)

*(multiplication)

/(division)

Operators used for

manipulating numbers.

(they work like simple

maths)

Comparison Operators

== (equal to) (eg. 12 == 10 is FALSE or 12 == 12 is TRUE)

!= (not equal to) (eg. 12 != 10 is TRUE or 12 != 12 is FALSE)

<(less than) (eg. 12 < 10 is FALSE or 12 < 12 is FALSE or 12 < 14 is TRUE)

>(greater than) (eg. 12 > 10 is TRUE or 12 > 12 is FALSE or 12 > 14 is

FALSE)

Operators used for logical

comparison

Control Structure

if(condition){ }

else if( condition ){ }

else { }

This will execute the code between

the curly brackets if the condition is

true, and if not it will test the else

if condition if that is also false the

else code will execute.

Programs are reliant on

controlling what runs

next, here are the basic

control elements (there

are many more online)

for(int i = 0; i <

#repeats; i++){ }

Used when you would like to

repeat a chunk of code a number

of times (can count up i++ or

down i-- or use any variable)

Digital

digitalWrite(pin, value);

Once a pin is set as an OUTPUT,

it can be set either HIGH (pulled

to +5 volts) or LOW (pulled to

ground).

pinMode(pin, mode);

Used to set a pins mode, pin is

the pin number you would like

to address (0-19 (analog 0-5

are 14-19). the mode can either

be INPUT or OUTPUT.

int digitalRead(pin);

Once a pin is set as an INPUT

you can use this to return

whether it is HIGH (pulled to

+5 volts) or LOW (pulled to

ground).

Analog

int analogWrite(pin,

value);

Some of the Arduino's pins support

pulse width modulation (3, 5, 6, 9, 10,

11). This turns the pin on and off very

quickly making it act like an analog

output. The value is any number

between 0 (0% duty cycle ~0v) and 255

(100% duty cycle ~5 volts).

The Arduino is a digital

machine but it has the ability to

operate in the analog realm

(through tricks). Here's how to

deal with things that aren't

digital.

int analogRead(pin);

When the analog input pins are set

to input you can read their voltage.

A value between 0 (for 0

volts) and 1024 (for 5

volts) will be

returned

.:For a full programming reference visit:.

http://tinyurl.com/882oxm

// (single line comment)

It is often useful to write notes

to yourself as you go along

about what each line of code

does. To do this type two back

slashes and everything until the

end of the line will be ignored by

your program.

{ } (curly brackets)

Used to define when a block of

code starts and ends (used in

functions as well as loops)

0504

03 PROG

programming

primer

.: A Small Programming Primer:.

03 PROG

programming

primer

Arduino Programming in Brief

The Arduino is programmed in the C language. This is a quick little primer targeted at people

who have a little bit of programing experience and just need a briefing on the ideosyncrocies of

C and the Arduino IDE. If you find the concepts a bit daunting, don't worry, you can start going

through the circuits and pick up most of it along the way. For a more in depth intro the

Arduino.cc website is a great resource (the foundations page http://tinyurl.com/954pun)

Structure

void setup(){ }

All the code between the two

curly brackets will be run once

when your Arduino program

first runs.

Each Arduino program

(often called a sketch) has

two required functions

(also called routines).

Variables

void loop(){ }

This function is run after setup

has finished. After it has run

once it will be run again, and

again, until power is removed.

Syntax

;(semicolon)

Each line of code must be

ended with a semicolon (a

missing semicolon is often the

reason for a programme

refusing to compile)

One of the slightly

frustrating elements of C is

its formating requirements

(this also makes it very

powerful). If you remember

the following you should be

alright.

/* */(multi line comment)

If you have a lot to say you can

span several lines as a

comment. Everything between

these two symbols will be

ignored in your program.

A program is nothing more

than instructions to move

numbers around in an

intelligent way. Variables are

used to do the moving

long (long)

Used when an integer is not

large enough. Takes 4 bytes

(32 bits) of RAM and has a

range between -2,147,483,648

and 2,147,483,648.

int (integer)

The main workhorse, stores a

number in 2 bytes (16 bits).

Has no decimal places and will

store a value between -32,768

and 32,768.

boolean (boolean)

A simple True or False variable.

Useful because it only uses one

bit of RAM.

char (character)

Stores one character using the

ASCII code (ie 'A' = 65). Uses

one byte (8 bits) of RAM. The

Arduino handles strings as an

array of char’s

float (float)

Used for floating point math

(decimals). Takes 4 bytes (32

bits) of RAM and has a range

between -3.4028235E+38 and

3.4028235E+38.

Maths Operators

=(assignment) makes something equal to something else (eg. x =

10 * 2 (x now equals 20))

%(modulo) gives the remainder when one number is divided by

another (ex. 12 % 10 (gives 2))

+(addition)

- (subtraction)

*(multiplication)

/(division)

Operators used for

manipulating numbers.

(they work like simple

maths)

Comparison Operators

== (equal to) (eg. 12 == 10 is FALSE or 12 == 12 is TRUE)

!= (not equal to) (eg. 12 != 10 is TRUE or 12 != 12 is FALSE)

<(less than) (eg. 12 < 10 is FALSE or 12 < 12 is FALSE or 12 < 14 is TRUE)

>(greater than) (eg. 12 > 10 is TRUE or 12 > 12 is FALSE or 12 > 14 is

FALSE)

Operators used for logical

comparison

Control Structure

if(condition){ }

else if( condition ){ }

else { }

This will execute the code between

the curly brackets if the condition is

true, and if not it will test the else

if condition if that is also false the

else code will execute.

Programs are reliant on

controlling what runs

next, here are the basic

control elements (there

are many more online)

for(int i = 0; i <

#repeats; i++){ }

Used when you would like to

repeat a chunk of code a number

of times (can count up i++ or

down i-- or use any variable)

Digital

digitalWrite(pin, value);

Once a pin is set as an OUTPUT,

it can be set either HIGH (pulled

to +5 volts) or LOW (pulled to

ground).

pinMode(pin, mode);

Used to set a pins mode, pin is

the pin number you would like

to address (0-19 (analog 0-5

are 14-19). the mode can either

be INPUT or OUTPUT.

int digitalRead(pin);

Once a pin is set as an INPUT

you can use this to return

whether it is HIGH (pulled to

+5 volts) or LOW (pulled to

ground).

Analog

int analogWrite(pin,

value);

Some of the Arduino's pins support

pulse width modulation (3, 5, 6, 9, 10,

11). This turns the pin on and off very

quickly making it act like an analog

output. The value is any number

between 0 (0% duty cycle ~0v) and 255

(100% duty cycle ~5 volts).

The Arduino is a digital

machine but it has the ability to

operate in the analog realm

(through tricks). Here's how to

deal with things that aren't

digital.

int analogRead(pin);

When the analog input pins are set

to input you can read their voltage.

A value between 0 (for 0

volts) and 1024 (for 5

volts) will be

returned

.:For a full programming reference visit:.

http://tinyurl.com/882oxm

DC Motor What it Does: No. of Leads:

Spins when a current is passed through it. 2

Identifying: Things to watch out for:

This one is easy, it looks like a motor. Usually - Using a transistor or relay that is rated for

a cylinder with a shaft coming out of one the size of motor you're using.

end More Details on Wikipedia:

http://tinyurl.com/d826yh

Hobby Servo What it Does: No. of Leads:

Takes a timed pulse and converts it into an 3

angular position of the output shaft. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - The plug is not polarized so make sure it

A plastic box with 3 wires coming out one is plugged in the right way.

side and a shaft with a plastic horn out the More Details:

top. http://tinyurl.com/4zo4he

0706

04 ELEC

electronics

primer

.: A Small Electronics Primer:.

04 ELEC

electronics

primer

Electronics in Brief

No previous electronic experience is required to have fun with this kit. Here are a few details

about each component to make identifying, and perhaps understanding them, a bit easier. If at

any point you are worried about how a component is used or why its not working the internet

offers a treasure trove of advice, or we can be contacted at [email protected]

Component Details

LED

(Light Emitting Diode) What it Does: No. of Leads:

Emits light when a small current is passed 2 (one longer this one connects to positive)

through it. (only in one direction) Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Will only work in one direction

Looks like a mini light bulb. - Requires a current limiting resistor

More Details on Wikipedia:

http://tinyurl.com/zhpyv

Piezo Element

What it Does: No. of Leads:

A pulse of current will cause it to click a 2

stream of pulses will cause it to emit a tone. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Difficult to misuse.

In this kit it comes in a little black barrel, but More Details:

sometimes they are just a gold disc. http://tinyurl.com/38crmu

Potentiometer

What it Does: No. of Leads:

Produces a variable resistance dependant on 3

the angular position of the shaft. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Accidentally buying logarithmic scale.

They can be packaged in many different More Details:

form factors, look for a dial to identify. http://tinyurl.com/28pbhd

IC (Integrated Circuit)

What it Does: No. of Leads:

Packages any range of complicated 2 - 100s (in this kit there is one with 3 (TMP36) and

one with 16 (74HC595)

electronics inside, an easy to use form factor Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Proper orientation.(look for marks showing pin 1)

The part ID is written on the outside of the More Details:

package. (this sometimes requires a lot of http://tinyurl.com/87k4d

light or a magnifying glass to read)

Photo Resistor

What it Does: No. of Leads:

Produces a variable resistance dependant on 2

the amount of incident light. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Remember it needs to be in a voltage

Usually a little disk with a clear top and a divider before it provides a useful input.

curvy line underneath. More Details:

http://tinyurl.com/c2wdkw

Component Details (cont.)

Pushbutton What it Does: No. of Leads:

Completes a circuit when it is pressed 4

Identifying: Things to watch out for:

A little square with leads out the bottom and - these are almost square so can be

a button on the top. inserted 90 degrees off angle.

More Details:

http://tinyurl.com/cmts7d

0 - Black 5 - Green 20% - none

1 - Brown 6 - Blue 10% - silver

2 - Red 7 - Purple 5% - gold

3 - Orange 8 - Grey

4 - Yellow 9 - White

first digit

second digit

# of zeros

tolerance

Examples:

:green-blue-brown - 560 ohms

red-red-red - 2 200 ohms (2.2k)

Resistor Color Code Lead Clipping

Some components in this kit come with very long wire

leads. To make them more compatible with a breadboard

a couple of changes are required.

LEDs:

Clip the leads so the long lead is ~7mm long and the

short one is ~5mm

Resistors:

Bend the leads down so they are 90 degrees to the

cylinder. Then snip them so they are ~6mm long.

Other Components:

Other components may need clipping

use your discretion when doing so.

Resistors What it Does: No. of Leads:

Restricts the amount of current that can flow 2

through a circuit. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Easy to grab the wrong value (double check

the colors before using)

Cylinder with wires extending from either More Details on Wikipedia:

end. The resistance value is displayed using http://tinyurl.com/cmeqw5

a color coding system (for details see next

page)

Transistor What it Does: No. of Leads:

Uses a small current to switch or amplify a 3 (Base, Collector, Emitter)

much larger current. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Plugging in the right way round.(also a

current limiting resistor is often needed on the base pin)

Comes in many different packages but you More Details on Wikipedia:

can read the part number off the package. http://tinyurl.com/eazkn

(P2N2222AG in this kit and find a datasheet online)

Diode What it Does: No. of Leads:

The electronic equivalent of a one way 2

valve. Allowing current to flow in one Things to watch out for:

direction but not the other. - Will only work in one direction (current will

flow if end with the line is connected to ground)

Identifying: More Details on Wikipedia:

Usually a cylinder with wires extending from http://tinyurl.com/ysz57b

either end. (and an off center line indicating polarity)

DC Motor What it Does: No. of Leads:

Spins when a current is passed through it. 2

Identifying: Things to watch out for:

This one is easy, it looks like a motor. Usually - Using a transistor or relay that is rated for

a cylinder with a shaft coming out of one the size of motor you're using.

end More Details on Wikipedia:

http://tinyurl.com/d826yh

Hobby Servo What it Does: No. of Leads:

Takes a timed pulse and converts it into an 3

angular position of the output shaft. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - The plug is not polarized so make sure it

A plastic box with 3 wires coming out one is plugged in the right way.

side and a shaft with a plastic horn out the More Details:

top. http://tinyurl.com/4zo4he

0706

04 ELEC

electronics

primer

.: A Small Electronics Primer:.

04 ELEC

electronics

primer

Electronics in Brief

No previous electronic experience is required to have fun with this kit. Here are a few details

about each component to make identifying, and perhaps understanding them, a bit easier. If at

any point you are worried about how a component is used or why its not working the internet

offers a treasure trove of advice, or we can be contacted at [email protected]

Component Details

LED

(Light Emitting Diode) What it Does: No. of Leads:

Emits light when a small current is passed 2 (one longer this one connects to positive)

through it. (only in one direction) Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Will only work in one direction

Looks like a mini light bulb. - Requires a current limiting resistor

More Details on Wikipedia:

http://tinyurl.com/zhpyv

Piezo Element

What it Does: No. of Leads:

A pulse of current will cause it to click a 2

stream of pulses will cause it to emit a tone. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Difficult to misuse.

In this kit it comes in a little black barrel, but More Details:

sometimes they are just a gold disc. http://tinyurl.com/38crmu

Potentiometer

What it Does: No. of Leads:

Produces a variable resistance dependant on 3

the angular position of the shaft. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Accidentally buying logarithmic scale.

They can be packaged in many different More Details:

form factors, look for a dial to identify. http://tinyurl.com/28pbhd

IC (Integrated Circuit)

What it Does: No. of Leads:

Packages any range of complicated 2 - 100s (in this kit there is one with 3 (TMP36) and

one with 16 (74HC595)

electronics inside, an easy to use form factor Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Proper orientation.(look for marks showing pin 1)

The part ID is written on the outside of the More Details:

package. (this sometimes requires a lot of http://tinyurl.com/87k4d

light or a magnifying glass to read)

Photo Resistor

What it Does: No. of Leads:

Produces a variable resistance dependant on 2

the amount of incident light. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Remember it needs to be in a voltage

Usually a little disk with a clear top and a divider before it provides a useful input.

curvy line underneath. More Details:

http://tinyurl.com/c2wdkw

Component Details (cont.)

Pushbutton What it Does: No. of Leads:

Completes a circuit when it is pressed 4

Identifying: Things to watch out for:

A little square with leads out the bottom and - these are almost square so can be

a button on the top. inserted 90 degrees off angle.

More Details:

http://tinyurl.com/cmts7d

0 - Black 5 - Green 20% - none

1 - Brown 6 - Blue 10% - silver

2 - Red 7 - Purple 5% - gold

3 - Orange 8 - Grey

4 - Yellow 9 - White

first digit

second digit

# of zeros

tolerance

Examples:

:green-blue-brown - 560 ohms

red-red-red - 2 200 ohms (2.2k)

Resistor Color Code Lead Clipping

Some components in this kit come with very long wire

leads. To make them more compatible with a breadboard

a couple of changes are required.

LEDs:

Clip the leads so the long lead is ~7mm long and the

short one is ~5mm

Resistors:

Bend the leads down so they are 90 degrees to the

cylinder. Then snip them so they are ~6mm long.

Other Components:

Other components may need clipping

use your discretion when doing so.

Resistors What it Does: No. of Leads:

Restricts the amount of current that can flow 2

through a circuit. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Easy to grab the wrong value (double check

the colors before using)

Cylinder with wires extending from either More Details on Wikipedia:

end. The resistance value is displayed using http://tinyurl.com/cmeqw5

a color coding system (for details see next

page)

Transistor What it Does: No. of Leads:

Uses a small current to switch or amplify a 3 (Base, Collector, Emitter)

much larger current. Things to watch out for:

Identifying: - Plugging in the right way round.(also a

current limiting resistor is often needed on the base pin)

Comes in many different packages but you More Details on Wikipedia:

can read the part number off the package. http://tinyurl.com/eazkn

(P2N2222AG in this kit and find a datasheet online)

Diode What it Does: No. of Leads:

The electronic equivalent of a one way 2

valve. Allowing current to flow in one Things to watch out for:

direction but not the other. - Will only work in one direction (current will

flow if end with the line is connected to ground)

Identifying: More Details on Wikipedia:

Usually a cylinder with wires extending from http://tinyurl.com/ysz57b

either end. (and an off center line indicating polarity)

CIRC-01

Code (no need to type everything in just)

File > Examples > Digital > Blink

(example from the great arduino.cc site check it out for other ideas)

/* Blink

* Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second,

* repeatedly.

* Created 1 June 2005 By David Cuartielles

* http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Blink

* based on an orginal by H. Barragan for the Wiring i/o board

int ledPin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13

// The setup() method runs once, when the sketch starts

void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output:

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); }

// the loop() method runs over and over again,

// as long as the Arduino has power

void loop() {

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // set the LED on

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // set the LED off

delay(1000); // wait for a second

}

Not Working? (3 things to try)

More, More, More:

More details, where to buy more parts, where to ask more questions.

http://tinyurl.com/cmn5nh

Making it Better

LED Not Lighting Up?

LEDs will only work in one

direction.

Try taking it out and twisting it

180 degrees.

(no need to worry, installing it

backwards does no permanent

harm)

Changing the pin: Control the Brightness:

The LED is connected to pin 13 but we can use any of Along with digital (on/off) control the Arduino can control

the Arduino’s pins. To change it take the wire plugged some pins in an analog (brightness) fashion. (more details on

into pin 13 and move it to a pin of your choice (from 0- this in later circuits). To play around with it.

13) (you can also use analog 0-5 analog 0 is 14...) Change the LED to pin 9: (also change the wire)

ledPin = 13; -> int ledPin = 9;

Then in the code change the line:

int ledPin = 13; -> int ledPin = newpin;Replace the code inside the { }'s of loop() with this:

Then upload the sketch: (ctrl-u) analogWrite(ledPin, new number);

Change the Blink Time: (new number) = any number between 0 and 255.

Unhappy with one second on one second off? 0 = off, 255 = on, in between = different brightness

Fading:

In the code change the lines:

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); We will use another included example program. To open go to.

delay(time on); //(seconds * 1000) File > Examples > Analog > Fading

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

delay(time off); //(seconds * 1000) Then upload to your board and watch as the LED fades in and

then out.

Still No Success?

A broken circuit is no fun, send

us an e-mail and we will get

back to you as soon as we can.

[email protected]

CIRC-01

What We’re Doing:

.:Getting Started:.

.:(Blinking LED):.

LEDs (light emitting diodes) are used in all sorts of clever

things which is why we have included them in this kit. We will

start off with something very simple, turning one on and off,

repeatedly, producing a pleasant blinking effect. To get started

grab the parts listed below, pin the layout sheet to your breadboard and then plug everything in.

Once the circuit is assembled you'll need to upload the program. To do this plug the Arduino

board into your USB port. Then select the proper port in Tools > Serial Port > (the comm

port of your Arduino). Next upload the program by going to File > Upload to I/O Board

(ctrl+U). Finally bask in the glory and possibility that controlling lights offers.

If you are having trouble uploading, a full trouble shooting guide can be found here: http://tinyurl.com/89s2po

The Circuit:

Wire

10mm LED

560 Ohm Resistor

Green-Blue-Brown

2 Pin Header

CIRC-01

Breadboard sheet

Schematic:

Arduino

pin 13

LED

(light emitting diode)

resistor (560ohm)

(green-blue-brown)

gnd

(ground) (-)

Parts: Program Not Uploading

This happens sometimes,

the most likely cause is a

confused serial port, you

can change this in

tools>serial port>

.:download:.

breadboard layout sheet

http://tinyurl.com/qukhvc

.:view:.

assembling video

http://tinyurl.com/cwhx27

The Internet

longer lead