Partec CyFlow Cube Series User manual

CyFlow®Cube
Instrument Operating Manual
CyFlow
®
Cube 6 │CyFlow
®
Cube 8 │CyFlow
®
Cube 8 Sorter

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 2/36
For in vitro diagnostic use with Partec recommended IVD reagents.
The Partec CyFlow® Cube Flow Cytometer complies with the European IVD Directive 98/79/EC and is therefore CE marked.
IVD
For in vitro diagnostic use with Partec recommended IVD reagents.
Contact Information:
Partec GmbH • Am Flugplatz 13 • D-02828 Görlitz • Germany
Tel [phone] • Fax [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
© 201
2
Partec GmbH

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
3/36
Table of Content
FOREWORD ................................................................................................................... 5
PRESENTATION............................................................................................................. 6
B ASICS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
What is the Partec CyFlow
®
Cube? ....................................................................................................................................... 6
What are the applications for which the CyFlow
®
Cube can be used? ................................................................. 6
What are topics covered by this manual? ......................................................................................................................... 6
What other manuals are available? ..................................................................................................................................... 6
What should I know before operatin the CyFlow
®
Cube? ....................................................................................... 6
I N FLOW CYTOMETRY , WHAT IS ... ............................................................................................................................................. 7
… a parameter? .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
… a one-parameter histo ram? ............................................................................................................................................. 7
… a histo ram channel? ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
… the count in a histo ram? .................................................................................................................................................... 7
… a peak? .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
… back round in a histo ram? ............................................................................................................................................... 8
The lower level (L-L) or hreshold? ..........................................................................................................................................................................8
Example of a histo ram ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Example of a dotplot ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Histo ram and dotplot in immunolo y ............................................................................................................................ 10
GETTING STARTED..................................................................................................... 10
I NSTRUMENT STARTING PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Sheath fluid level control and/or refill ............................................................................................................................. 11
Swi ching on he CyFlow
®
Cube .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
M AIN C Y V IEW
™
LOGIN WINDOW ............................................................................................................................................. 12
U SER LEVELS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12
C Y V IEW ™ M AIN P AGE .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Presentation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
CyView™ Controls ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
CHANNELS – parame er defini ion ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
PLOTS – display op ions ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
PROCCESS – ins rumen con rol .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
TYPICAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 19
S TARTING A MEASURE ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
M EASURE MODES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Continous (default selection) ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Volumetric Countin with Electrodes ............................................................................................................................... 20
Volumetric Countin with Volume ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Events in Re ion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
C LEANING P ROCEDURES ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Cleanin procedure durin Cube runnin ....................................................................................................................... 21
Cleanin procedure for switchin off ................................................................................................................................ 21
No cross contamination between samples ...................................................................................................................... 21

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 4/36
I NSTRUMENT SETTINGS ............................................................................................................................................................ 22
Measurement parameters ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Gains se ings .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Threshold se ings (T) .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Ligh source (L) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Trigger proper ies (P) .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Flow speed (S) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Plo name ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Plot properties.............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
X Log On/Y Log On ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Erosion levels ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
X/Y Channel ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Mode ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Bi Range .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
CR-Mode .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Region name ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Home Plo name .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Colour RGB ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Max coun ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Sor er region ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Colour Ga ing On ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Moving of regions wi hin a his ogram .................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Crea e a polygonal region ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Region proper ies ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Crea e a ver ical his ogram spli er ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Crea e a ver ical do plo spli er ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Crea e a horizon al do plo spli er ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Crea e a quadran assembly ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Change layou for regions ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Applying regions o o her plo s  Ga ing Func ion ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Keyboard/Mouse combinations ........................................................................................................................................... 26
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 28
B IOHAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 28
M AINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Service .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Transport and Stora e ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Disposal ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
L ASER S AFETY ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 32
Optical Standard Setup ............................................................................................................................................................ 32
The Parame ers ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
NOTES .......................................................................................................................... 35

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
5/36
Foreword
The CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual is aimed for a large spectrum of users, from beginner up
to the most skilled flower. The beginner or casual user will find the key functions and concepts to use the
Cube and its software. The confirmed flower will find an in-depth detail of the inner working and parameters
of the Cube to customize its use and obtain optimal performances.
CyView
™
for Cube 8 is the instrument operation software for the CyFlow
®
Cube 8 (CY-S-3068). New
software versions and you profit from your requests: new features and software improvements. Partec is
continuously working on CyView
™
to better fulfil your demands. If you have questions concerning this
manual or the software, find problems associated with CyView
™
or you have a good suggestion to be
included in a new version, please let us know by sending an email or a note to Partec GmbH.
For more details about the reagent kits, suitable for use with the CyFlow
®
Cube,please refer to the
respective product data sheets. There are also several Application Notes available.
If you have questions, please contact your local distributor, one of the Partec subsidiaries, or Partec in
Germany ([e-mail]).
Further details and addresses can be found on our website at:
•www.partec.com/distributors
Please do not forget to add in your request the following information:
•Serial number (serial No.) of the CyFlow
®
Cube
•Your complete contact address
This This manual contains references to names and products from Partec and other companies
which are registered trademarks or protected by copyright.
Partec GmbH, CyFlow
®
Cube8, CyView™ for Cube8, Robby
®
.
Microsoft
®
Corp.: Windows, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Paint.
Hewlett Packard
®
: Deskjet Laserjet.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 6/36
Presentation
Basics
What is the Partec CyFlow
®
Cube?
The Partec CyFlow
®
Cube is a fully equipped desktop Flow Cytometer (FCM). CyFlow
®
Cube features a
modular optical concept. This allows using different lasers as light sources and the detection of up to 8
optical channels (parameters). The CyFlow
®
Cube allows easy optimization of the optics for any application
by simple exchange of optical filters and mirrors. The CyFlow
®
Cube runs with an internal PC. Data
acquisition, instrument control, and data analysis are controlled and performed by the CyView
™
software.
What are the applications for which the CyFlow
®
Cube can be used?
Together with the software, the CyFlow
®
Cube offers automation for routine use and flexibility for research
use for practically any flow cytometric application. The applications cover:
Routine multi-colour immuno-phenotyping
Blood Cell Analysis/HIV monitoring (e.g. CD4 cell count)
Leukocyte Counting/Rare Event Analysis
Microorganism Analysis
Fermentation Control
Particle Concentration Analysis
True Volumetric Absolute Counting
Particle Size and Fluorescence Distribution Analysis
What are topics covered by this manual?
The CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual covers the basic operation and maintenance of the
CyFlow
®
Cube instrument. This manual also covers details related to the software.
What other manuals are available?
Application Notes and Service Manuals are available to get started. They contain hints to achieve the
best results.
What should I know before operating the CyFlow
®
Cube?
This manual assumes that you have basic knowledge on flow cytometry. In the best case a well
experienced "flower" is around - so let her/him help you. Basic books are available about flow cytometry
which may help you as well (e.g. Howard M. Shapiro, Practical Flow Cytometry. Wiley 2002).

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
7/36
In flow cytometry, what is ...
… a parameter?
… a one-parameter histogram?
… a histogram channel?
The measured signal intensity is assigned to one of 65536 quantity classes or channels. In a one-
parameter histogram the channels are represented on the x-axis.
… the count in a histogram?
The number of cells being assigned to a given channel is referred to as channel content or simply count. In
a one-parameter histogram, the count is shown on the y-axis.
… a peak?
All cells having about equal characteristics among the analysed cell property (e.g. content of a specific
constituent like DNA), form a peak. In the case a of typical DNA histogram one peak represents the G1 and
another peak (with twice the channel value) represents the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
In case of immunolabelled cells often one peak for unlabelled (negative) and one peak for labelled
(positive) cells can be detected. Peaks can be analysed by identifying them with region markers.
In flow cytometry, parameter denotes a measured
property of the particles. Frequently, a parameter
is synonymous to an optical channel. E.g. an
instrument with 6 parameters is equipped with 6
optical detectors.
A one- parameter histogram displays the
distribution of cells among a specific property, e.g.
how many cells contain a given quantity of DNA
or bind a given number of antibody molecules.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 8/36
… background in a histogram?
Histograms sometimes show undesired signals in the lower channels, frequently called ´noise´ or
´background´. These signals may originate from cell fragments or other particles resulting from sample
preparation. In case of high signal amplification, background can also be caused by particle contaminated
sheath fluid.
The lower level (L-L) or threshold?
The lower level (L-L) threshold is a mean to suppress background signals. Signals below the lower level are
rejected from the signal acquisition. To exclude noise from a histogram already acquired, a region-gate can
be used.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
9/36
Example of a histogram
Example of a dotplot
Peaks
Number of events
Threshold of
lower limit
(L-L)
Linear
representation
of channels
Log representation
for fluorescence
A 2D dotplot presents correlated data over 2
dimensions. In the image on the right a sample of
leukocytes (after lyse of the red blood cells) is
plotted with their relative light scattering (SSC)
property against the intensity of the CD45 antigen.
The Z value represents the number of events that
have the same coordinates. 1 event will be
represented by a black point; if 10 events have
the same coordinates, the point representing
them will be grey. It will be red if more than 20
points are overlaying one another. The Z scale is
dynamic and will adapt during the measurement
to a scale of 1 (black) to the maximum overlaying
event coordinate colour coded in red.
A histogram represents a distribution of measured
signals (events) over 1 dimension. Data can be
presented on the dimensions of relative particle
size or optical particle structure (Forward Scatter
(FCS) or Side Scatter (SSC)), resp. or on their
relative fluorescence intensities in different light
colours (fluorescence parameters FL1 to FL6).
In this example, the dimension represented is the
relative size (FSC) on a logarithmic scale in X,
and the number of events on a linear scale in Y.
Two peaks are visible.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 10/36
G
M
L
Histogram and dotplot in immunology
Lysed blood 2D dotplot
Histogram and dotplot of immunological staining
Getting Started
M L
G
Pos.
Background
Neg.
Slightly pos.
Lysed blood is represented in a dot plot
presenting the FSC in X axis and SSC in Y axis.
Both axes are in a linear scale.
Three distinct groups are visible; they represent
the granulocytes (G), monocytes (M) and
lymphocytes (L).
This histogram represents the spectrum of the
cells presented in the previous dot plot stained
with antibodies anti-CD16 conjugated to
PhycoErytrin (PE). The X axis displays the
fluorescence in a 4-dec logarithmic scale and the
Y axis displays the number of events in a linear
scale.
This dot plot presents the cells fluorescence in X
on a logarithmic scale (CD45 FITC) versus SSC
in Y on a linear scale.
This data display allows an easier interpretation of
2 parametric data compared to the histogram.
Concluded from this example, the lymphocytes
are strongly stained with the anti-CD45 antibody,
the monocytes are slightly stained and the
population of granulocytes is negative.
This example is a simplification of an immune-
staining analysis by flow cytometry. It is
directed to new users, and aims to link the
histogram to the dotplot representation. To
complete the analysis, gating and statistics
are required.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
11/36
Instrument starting procedure
Sheath fluid level control and/or refill
Switching on the CyFlow
®
Cube
Main
power
switch
Waste and
sheath
fluid
On/Standby
Casual/medium expertise user:
Once the Cube started no further steps are
necessary. You can directly start your
measurements!
The power supply switch is found at the back of
the Cube next to the main supply cable. The Cube
is, in default, set in a stand-by mode. The full
activation of the Cube requires pressing lightly the
on/off tactile button on the top of the machine.
The display screen must be first lift up to access
it.
This will start the embedded computer,
automatically start the CyView™software and load
the last employed configuration.
Before switching on the machine, it is
recommended to check the levels of the sheath
fluid and waste bottles. They can be found at the
back-left of the apparatus in a sliding
compartment.
Make sure SHEATH bottle is filled with 800 ml of
clean, filtered, and degassed sheath fluid and is
closed with the screw top. In order to guarantee
highest quality of the measurements we highly
recommend use Partec Sheath Fluid (order no.
04-4007).
It is recommended to replace the sheath fluid at
least once a week or before any daily use.
When filling up the sheath fluid bottle make sure
no air bubbles are trapped in the yellow filter unit
inside the bottle!
Make sure WASTE bottle is empty and the screw
top is tightly closed.
The waste bottle must be emptied after and
before each user session. When using bio-
hazardeous samples, a volume of 50 ml of
hypochlorite 0.5% (Order No 04-4012) should be
introduce into the empty waste bottle for initial
disinfection.
Rear side of CyFlow
®
Cube showing the main
power switch and the sheath fluid and waste
bottle compartment.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 12/36
Main CyView
™
login window
The log in window allows to start the software at the USER, MAIN USER or SERVICE level.
User name
Password
Lost your login details?
Important: On each new instrument a Main User
login is already established
Login: USER (case sensitive)
Password: Cube1 (case sensitive)
Login as a standard USER:
The code will be given to you by the main user(s)
of the instrument. The main user has the rights to
define or delete users.
During start of the instrument the automated self-
testing procedures are processed:
XML-configuration:displays the correct loading
of the setting files
Searching Device: display of the correct
recognition of the connection between the
computer and the embedded electronics
Please verify that both operations are confirmed
by a green tick.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
13/36
User levels
Three different user levels exist:
SERVICE: Restricted to authorized Partec trained persons and for service purposes only
MAIN USER: Complete functionality of the instrument, method development
Main users can create new accounts of the Main User and User level
User: Applying standardized methods only
Users cannot create new accounts.
As a main user in order to create new accounts type in your Login name and password and select “User
Administration”.
To create a new MAIN USER account type in Name and Password and activate “Main user” followed by
“Build new account”.
To create a new USER account type in Name and Password followed by “Build new account”. (Main user
should be deactivated).
As User the own password can be changed by selecting the Name and placing a new Password followed
by “Change my password”.
As Main User the own password can be changed by selecting the Name and placing a new Password
followed by “Change my password”. As Main User any User account can be deleted by selecting the Name
followed by “Delete this account”. The Main User does not require the respective password to delete any
User account.
The default user account (Name: USER; Password: Cube1) can be deleted when logged in as Main User.
Please make sure at least one Main User remains in the user list in order to guarantee complete
functionality of the software.
To enter the CyView
™
software from the user administration level select “Back to login”, login with your
personal Login name followed by “Work with CyView™.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 14/36
CyView™ Main Page
Presentation
The main window will be your interface to acquire, save, re-load and analyse your data.
Instrument real time display of workload (L), on-board memory status (M), analysis volume (V) and
analysis duration (D).
Console
PC/control
board link
Fileoperations
Real time
instrument
work load
Regionstatistics Results table
Instrumentsettings
L
M
Measuremen
t interface
and
V
D
Buttons allowing to load and save data files
(.fcs data files).
Buttons dedicated to saving and retrieving
instrument settings (.xml data files or
configuration scripts).
Button for the generation of a PDF report of the
acquired data.
Console displaying the control board status.
Status of sample (high, counting phase, empty)
and of waste and sheath fluid bottles levels.
Start and Stop measure buttons.
Compensation button and random bias button.
Clear button – deletes all data during a
measurement

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
15/36
The CHANNELS register defines properties of PMT
channels (the parameters) present in the systems
(PMT0 – PMT7). It names the parameters (FSC, SSC,
FL1 …FLx) and defines the Color Crosstalk
Compensation.
Confirm all modifications by pressing Accept
The PLOTS register defines properties of the
graphical plots. The basic layout in terms of number of
plots, type of plots (histograms, dot plots) and position
of the plots is defined in the used Configuration
Script.
Plots are named H1 – Hx for histograms and P1 – Px
for dotplots. As specific plot is selected with the arrow
keys.
Define a Comment characterizing the plot e.g. FSC
Switch between Lin and Log scale for Xand YAxis
Define an Erosion level for dot to be displayed (z-axis
level), e.g. an Erosion level of 2 shows only dots
representing 3 and more signals
Select X-axis channel and Y-axis channel in dot plots
or X-axis channel only for histograms
Mode (function inactive)
Select histogram resolution as Bitrange, (values 6 bit
to 12 bit)
Select CR – Mode
Confirm all modifications by pressing Accept
CyView™ Controls
CHANNELS – parameter definition
PLOTS – display options

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 16/36
Properties of result calculations
It is possible to set up calculations with the COUNT of
individual regions according to the specified formula:
NumReg1 (+ - x / ) NumReg2
--------------------------------------------------x Scale
DenomReg1 (+ - x / ) DenomReg2
NumOperator defines operator between 2
numerators „+“, „-“, „x“ or „/“
DenomOperator defines operator between 2
denominators „+“, „-“, „x“ or „/“
Unit allows to add text to the result table
Scale introduces a factor to the formula
Counter results on refers to the result of a
volumetric counting
Confirm all modifications by pressing Accept
Home Plot Name defines the plot the region
refers to
Color RGB defines the region´s color and its
color in color gating
Max Count defines a maximum count for an
“Events in Region” particle limit
Sorter Region On activates region as sorter
region (only in CyFlow®Cube Sorter)
Color Gating On activates color gating for this
region
Use Delete and New to delete and create new
regions
Use arrow keys to switch between regions
RESULTS
The RESULTS register defines properties of calculated results displayed in the RESULTS table.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
17/36
The active Configuration Script
The instruments Serial Number
Total Operating Time of the instrument
Version of the instrument
Modification of the instrument
Activate Autostart function
Activates Sorter function
Defines a factor for sample Dilution
Clinic/Customer defines specific User
information
Defines sample port electrode Volume in µl
µlPerSec/mBar defines a sheath fluid flow
parameter
SW-Version specifies current software version
Mask or Positive selects the trigger parameters,
multiple trigger parameters are logical “or”
connections
Voltage of the individual optical parameters (0
volt - 999 volts) defines PMT signal amplification
Threshold defines the trigger signals cut-off level
(on 4 dec log scale)
Flow defines the speed of sample injection in µl/s
Lights on switches light sources on / off
SYSTEM - properties of the instrument
PROCCESS – instrument control

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 18/36
Measmode allows selection of:
- Continuous analysis
- Volumetric Counting with Electrodes
- Volumetric Counting with Volume
- Events in Region
Speed values and Volume values can be
edited and stored in FCS file and Config script
Confirm all modifications by pressing Accept
SCRIPT – definition of measure modes
Schematic overwiew of the measure modes with. A flash indicates clearing of the data. User
selectable criteria in green, software-defined values in red.

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27
19/36
Typical Sample Analysis
A step by step procedure and what are the important steps in the data acquisition.
Starting a measure
Load a sample demo file (data files can be
selected from the folder
(C:/CyView_85\data\xxxxx.fcs). The respective
instrument settings are automatically loaded.
Fill a sample tube with 1.2 ml of calibration beads.
Check the tube for eventual imperfection or
contaminants (cracks, aggregates, hair) and
replace or remove, resp. if necessary.
Insert the tube into the sample port, push it up
until a distinct click is heard
Press the start button. In the console window,
information on the status of the measurement is
displayed. The script work is proceeding step by
step.
CyView™ StartPrerun
Prerun and stabilization of sample flow
Start Measure
Data acquisition
Console displaying control board status
During the data acquisition the total particle count
and the analysis rate is indicated as a sliding bar.
During the acquisition phase it is possible to
manipulate the instruments set-up e.g. by
changing samples speed, PMT voltage and
threshold levels. Use CLEAR button
to erase data after manipulations of the
instruments set-up.
By default, the continuous measure mode is pre-
selected. In this case the measurement will only
stop automatically when the sample is consumed.
An earlier stop can be realized by pressing the
STOP button . Data can be saved with
The configuration file can be saved with
Besides the Continous measure mode other
measure modes can be selected:
Volumetric counting with volume
A volume can be pre-selected
Volumetric counting with electrodes
The volumetric counting is based on the
electrode status
Events in region
A particle number can be pre-selected

CyFlow
®
Cube Instrument Operating Manual
Rev018_2012-01-27 20/36
Measure modes
The following measure modes can be selected prior to start of an analysis:
Continuous
Volumetric counting with electrodes
Volumetric counting with volume
Events in region
Continous (default selection)
This default mode will allow you to run your sample until its levels reached the stop electrode.
Volumetric Counting with Electrodes
This measuring mode uses the START and STOP electrodes of the sample port to define a fixed sample
volume. In a standard sample port this “counting volume” is 200 µl. In a pre-counting phase the sample is
acquired normally as in continuous acquisition mode. Reaching the START electrode the data are
cleared and the volumetric counting phase starts. Reaching the STOP electrode the counting procedure will
be terminated and a system cleaning cycle will be initiated automatically
Volumetric Counting with Volume
In the measure mode volumetric counting with volume the counting volume is flexible and can be pre-
selected by the user. In a first analysis phase the sample is acquired normally as in continuous acquisition
mode. Reaching the pre-selected volume the data are cleared and the volumetric counting phase starts and
the pre-selected volume will be analyzed. The volume can be used as the basis for concentration
determination.
Events in Region
The Events in Region measure mode allows to define a number of particles within a specified region to
operate as STOP condition (select the respective MaxCount function in the REGIONS register).
Advice: for the measure modes Volumetric counting with volume and Events in Region there will be a
remaining sample volume left-over within the sample tube. In this case the cleaning cycle will only be
triggered when the START button is pressed. Subsequently the data can be saved.
Be aware: for all measure modes the sample analysis automatically stops when the sample is finished (the
stop electrode is reached) even if the selected end criteria is not yet realized.
Working principle of t
he
Absolute Volumetric
Counting with Electrode