PCE Americas PCE-VM 3D User manual

I N S T R U C T I O N M A N U A L
Vibration Meter
PCE-VM 3D
PCE Americas Inc.
711 Commerce Way
Suite 8
Jupiter
FL-33458
USA
From outside US: +1
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]
www.pce-instruments.com/english
www.pce-instruments.com
PCE Instruments UK Ltd.
Units 12/13
Southpoint Business Park
Ensign way
Hampshire / Southampton
United Kingdom, SO31 4RF
From outside UK: +44
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]
Manual

Vibration Sensor: 3-Axis Piezoelectric accelerometer
Display: 4 digit LCD backlit
Axial Vibration: any one axis of X , Y, Z or 3 axes of XYZ
Accuracy: 5% of reading + 2 digits
Measurement Range:
Displacement: 0.001-4.000mm Equivalent Peak-Peak; 0.04-160.0 mil ,
Acceleration: 0.1-400.0 m/s Equivalent Peak; 0.3-1312 ft/s ; 0.0-40g
Velocity: 0.01-400.0 mm/s True RMS; 0.000-16.00 inch/s
Frequency Range:
Displacement: 10Hz. ~ 10kHz.
Acceleration: 10Hz. ~ 10kHz
Velocity:10Hz. ~10kHz.
Metric/ Imperial conversion
Analogue Output: AC output 0~2.0V peak full scale(load resistance: above 10k)
With Max. value hold and low battery indication
PC interface: RS232C ( Cable is not included)
Power off : Manual off at any time or auto power off is enabled by user
Operating conditions:
Temperature : 0-50 C
Humidity : below 95% RH
Power supply: 2x1.5vAA (UM-3)Battery
Size:130x70x30mm
Weight: 305g (Not including Batteries)
Standard Accessories:
* Powerful rare earth magnet .............................1pc.
* 3 Piezoelectric accelerometers in 1 sensor .........1pc.
* Stinger probe (Cone) ......................................1pc.
* Stinger probe (Ball) .........................................1pc.
* Carrying case .................................................1pc.
* Operational instruction manual ........................1pc.
Optional Accessories:
* Headphones for use as electronic stethoscope
* Cable for RS232C or USB
* Bluetooth
* Uses piezoelectric acceleration transducer to convert vibration signal.
* In accordance with ISO 2954,GB13823.3, used for periodic measurements,
to detect out-of-balance,misalignment and other mechanical faults in rotating
machines.
* Specially designed for easy on site vibration measurement of all rotating
machinery for quality control, commissioning, and predictive maintenance
purposes.
* 3 accelerators in 1 sensor for 3-axis vibration measurement.
* 3 same parameters in one display for 3 dimensional measurement or 1
dimensional measurement specified, showing 3 different parameters of
velocity, acceleration and displacement in 1 display.
* Bearing condition monitoring function.
* LCD digital display with back light.
* Lightweight and easy to use.
* Wide frequency range (10Hz.~10kHz.)
* Automatic power shut off to conserve power.
* AC output socket for headphones and recording.
* Optional headphones for use as electronic stethoscope.
2. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
1. FEATURES
2 2

3. PARTS INTRODUCTION
Figure 3.1
According to different situations, the transducers maybe fixed in the probe or
connected to the magnetic base. (see chapter 4 in detail)
4. DISPLAY INTRODUCTION
3-4 3D Vibration Sensor
3-5 Bolt
3-6 Magnetic Base
3-1 Main Body
3-2 Stinger Probe (Cone)
3-3 Stinger Probe (Ball)
X
Y
Z
3D VIBRATION SENSOR
3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6
4-1 3-axis indication
4-2 Low battery indication
4-3 Z-axis
4-4 Velocity
4-5 X-axis
4-6 Acceleration
4-7 Max value hold
4-8 Y-axis
4-9 Displacement
4-10
4-11
4-12 Auto power off is enabled
Measuring value
Measuring unit
Figure 4.1
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-11
4-14-2
4-10
4-10
SV
SV
4-12

Surface
Vibration sensor
Bolt M5
Object Being tested
√
Ⅹ
Thickness 8
The bolt drills through the object being tested
4.1 Installation Principle
The testing position should show the vibration characters of the object to be
tested.
The main axis of the transducers should be consistent with the direction of
the object to be tested
The sensor should be in close contact with the object to be tested.
4.2 Install Method
Affection on
the result
Cost
Convenience
4.2.1 Installed With Bolt
Application range: Screw eye has no influence on the running of the object
being tested. Usage: Drill a screw eye 5mm deep in the object being tested.
Connect the sensor to the object by bolts (see Figure 4.2). And this is the
method that the frequency response is best.
Figure 4.2
Method
Contrast
Install with
Probe
low
When caring about
acceleration and the
vibration frequency is
higher than 1KHz, the
result will be smaller.
Best
Install with
Bolts
None
None
Not good
Install with
Magnetic base
When roughness is
worse than Ra1.6,
the result maybe
not stable
Low
Good

4.2.3 Installed With Probe
Applications Range: Frequency is less than 1KHz and vibration energy is not
small. Usage: Connect the needle to the sensor directly by using probe
groupware.(see Figure 4.4)
Hold
Vibration sensor
probe/needle
Object being tested
Surface
Forming right angles between the needle and the surface
Ⅹ
The needle makes the
surface distortion
The mass istoo small Forming bevel between the
needle and the surface
4.2.2 Installed With Magnetic Base
Figure 4.3
Application range: Magnetic, flat surface, roughness less than Ra1.6,
acceleration less than 20m/ .
Usage: connect the vibration sensor with magnetic base with the M5 bolt
included. And then place the magnetic base to the object to be tested. Please
refer the below.
2
s
Vibration transducer
Bolt M5
Magnetic base
Object being tested
Surface
The surface is slick and flat The surface is rough The surface is uneven
Figure 4.4
Ⅹ
Ⅹ
Ⅹ Ⅹ
√
√

5.1 Connecting the sensor
a. Note that this meter accepts only the supplied vibration sensor.
b. Plug the connector side of the sensor into the plug at the top of the meter.
c. The sensor can be connected to the machinery under test in three ways.
Please refer the blow.
5.2 Power ON-OFF
a. Press the POWER button to turn the meter ON or OFF.
b. The meter is equipped with an automatic power off utility that conserves
battery life. If the meter is left inactive for 30 minutes it will automatically turn
off. The automatic power off utility is enabled or disabled by pressing and hold
the volume key for 5s. The symbol ‘SV’ showing on the display indicates auto
power off utility is enabled. Otherwise, disabled if not showing ‘SV’.
5.3 How to set coordinate axis
There are 4 choices of X, Y, Z, XYZ. Any one coordinate axis of X or Y or Z with
3 parameters of velocity, acceleration and displacement showing on one
display can be selected. Or 3-axis of X-Y-Z with any one parameter of velocity
or acceleration or displacement can be selected. The currently selected
coordinate axis is shown on the meter’s LCD. Every time to press the
X / Y/ Z / XYZ key, the selected axis is changed. Please pay attention to the
axes marked on the 3 dimensional sensor. See below.
5. GETTING STARTED
Front ( A ) Z ( C )
X ( B ) Y ( D )
5.4 Function Selection
Function key is only valid in the 3-axis mode and used to select the parameter
to be measured. The currently selected parameter is shown on the meter’s
LCD. To change the parameter, just press and release the FUNCTION key.
ACC means ‘Acceleration’ measurement mode.
VEL means ‘Velocity’ measurement mode.
DISP means ‘Displacement’ measurement mode.
5.5 Unit Conversion
The currently selected unit of measure is shown on the meter’s LCD. To
change the unit of measure, press the UNIT key.
Stinger Probe Installed with bolt Magnetic Base

5.6 MAX HOLD
To freeze maximum values, just press the Hold key, a symbol ‘Max’ shows on
the display. The meter will hold the max value measured. To exit HOLD, press
the HOLD key again.
5.7 Filter (only valid in acceleration mode)
To diagnose faulty bearings, the high frequency 10k mode (acceleration only)
is used, and by using the optional headphones, the instrument can be used as
an electronic stethoscope and noise from abnormal bearings can be
monitored.
5.8 Analogue output
This AC signal can output to recorder or headphone to listen for any distinct
patterns or noises. Listening method will help to locate the defective
machinery or bearing quickly. Measure all machines at the same points and
compare the results. The sound volume can be adjusted by Volume key. There
are 8 levels from 1 to 8 to select. The level 1 is the lowest amplitude while the
level 8 is the maximum amplitude of output signal. To exit volume setting,
simply wait 5s for the meter to automatically switch to the normal measuring
mode.
5.9 RS-232 Serial PC Interface
The meter is equipped with an RS-232 serial data port. This interface was
designed to operate with enables the user
to capture, store and display readings on a PC. USB and Bluetooth can also
be available via RS232C interface.
FUNCTION UNIT NOTE
VEL
(RMS)
ACC
(Peak)
DISP
(Peak-Peak)
mm/s
Inch/s
g
mm
mil
ft/s 2
m/s 2
millimeters per second
inch/s inches per second
meter per second squared
g-force
feet per second squared
millimeters
one thousandth of an inch
6. AN INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
Vibration is a reliable indicator of the mechanical health or condition of a
particular machine or product. An ideal machine will have very little or no
vibration indicating that the motor, as well as peripheral devices such as
gearboxes, fans, compressors, etc.,are suitably balanced, aligned, and well
installed. In practice, a very high percentage of installations are far from ideal
, the results of misalignment and imbalance exerting added strain on
supporting components such as bearings. Eventually this leads to added stress
and wear on critical components, resulting in inefficiency, heat generation and
breakdowns. This often occurs at the most inconvenient or uneconomical

times, causing costly production down time. As parts of mechanical equipment
wear and deteriorate, the equipment vibration increases.
Monitoring the vibration of healthy mechanical equipment on an ongoing bas
is, detects any deterioration long before it becomes a critical problem,
allowing spares to be ordered in advance and maintenance to be planned
only when necessary. In this way stocks of expensive and unnecessary
spares can be reduced with obvious financial benefits.
Unscheduled breakdowns result in production losses and the faulty
equipment is usually repaired hastily to get production going as quickly as
possible. Under these stressful conditions staffs are not always able to do
repairs correctly regardless of how conscientious they are, resulting in a high
probability of further early equipment failure.
By implementing a predictive maintenance program with regular
measurements of critical factors like vibration, downtime can not only be
reduced, but planned maintenance is more effective, resulting in improved
product quality and greater productivity.
6.1 Which Parameters Should be Measured?
Acceleration, velocity, and displacement are the three tried and tested
parameters, which give accurate and repeatable results?
Velocity is the most commonly used vibration parameter. It is used for
vibration severity measurements in accordance with ISO 2372, BS 4675 or
VDI 2056, which are guidelines for acceptable vibration levels of machinery
in different power categories. See Appendix.
Acceleration has excellent high frequency measurement capabilities, and is
therefore very effective for determining faults in bearings or gearboxes.
Displacement is typically used on low-speed machines because of its good
low frequency response, and is relatively ineffective when monitoring
bearings.
6.2 Evaluating the Overall Vibration Measurements
Three general principles are commonly used to evaluate your vibration
measurement values:
ISO 2372 (10816) Standard Comparison - Compare values to the limits
established in the ISO 2372 (10816) Standard.
Trend Comparison - Compare current values with values of Baseline for the
same Points over a period of time.
Comparison with Other Machinery - Measure several machines of a similar
type under the same conditions and judge the results by mutual comparison.
If possible, you should use all three comparisons to evaluate your
machinery’s condition. ISO 2372 (10816) and trend comparisons should
always be used.
ISO 2372 (10816) Standard Comparison
The ISO 2372 (10816) Standards provide guidance for evaluating vibration
severity in machines operating in the 10 to 200 Hz (600 to 12,000 RPM)
frequency range. Examples of these types of machines are small, direct-
coupled, electric motors and pumps, production motors, medium motors,
generators, steam and gas turbines, turbo-compressors, turbo-pumps and
fans. Some of these machines can be coupled rigidly or flexibly, or connected
through gears. The axis of the rotating shaft may be horizontal, vertical or
inclined at any angle.

6.3 Measurement Techniques
In general, vibration of anti-friction bearings is best monitored in the load zone
of the bearing. Equipment design often limits the ability to collect data in this
zone. Simply select the Measurement Point which gives the best signal. Avoid
painted surfaces, unloaded bearing zones, housing splits, and structural gaps.
When measuring vibration with a hand-held sensor, it is very important to
collect consistent readings, paying close attention to the sensor’s position on
the machinery, the sensor’s angle to the machinery, and the contact pressure
with which the sensor is held on the machinery.
. Location - always collect at the same point on the machine. Mark locations.
. Position - Vibration should be measured in three directions:
A axial direction; H horizontal direction; V vertical direction
Please define A, H, V as X, Y, Z axes respectively.
. Angle - Always perpendicular to the surface (90°±10°).
. Pressure - Even, consistent hand pressure must be used (firm, but not so
firm as to dampen the vibration signal). For best results ,use the magnetic
base. If using the stinger/probe is the only method available to collect data, it
is best to use a punch to mark the location for the probe-tip to ensure a
consistent coupling to the housing.
7.1 When the battery symbol appears on the display, it is time to replace the
battery.7.2 Slide the Battery Cover away from the instrument and remove the
batteries.
7.3 Install batteries paying careful attention to polarity.
7. BATTERY REPLACEMENT
A. Rank of machine vibration (ISO 2372)
Vibration
Amplitude
Vibration
Velocity
V rms (mm/s)
0~0.28
0.28~0.45
0.45~0.71
0.71~1.12
1.12~1.8
1.8~2.8
2.8~4.5
4.5~7.1
7.1~11.2
11.2~18
18~28
28~45
＞45
AAAA
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
Machine sort
I II III IIII
8. APPENDIX: VIBRATION STANDARDS

Limit of rank “N” is suitable for common motor. When the request is higher
than that in the table, limit can be gotten by dividing the limit of rank 'S' with
1.6 or multiples of 1.6.
Note:
(1)“Class I” is small motor ( power less than 15 kw). “Class II” is medium
motor (power between 15 ~75kw). “Class III” is high power motor (hard base).
“Class IIII” is high power motor (stretch base).
(2)A,B,C,D are vibration Rank. “A” means good, “B” means satisfying, “C”
means not satisfying, “D” means forbidden. Vibration velocity should be taken
from the three perpendicular axes on the motor shell.
B. ISO/IS2373 Motor quality standard according as vibration velocity
Quality
rank Rev (rpm)
Normal
Good ( R)
Excellent (S)
600~3600
600~1800
1800~3600
600~1800
1800~3600
H: high of shaft (mm)
Maximum vibration velocity (rms)
(mm/s)
80＜H＜132
4.5
1.8
2.8
1.12
1.8
1.8
0.71
1.12
0.45
0.71
2.8
1.12
1.8
0.71
1.12
132＜H＜225 225＜H＜40
0
C. Maximum vibration of motor that power larger than 1 horsepower.
(NEMA MG1-12.05)
Rev (rpm)
3000~4000
1500~2999
1000~1499
≤999
25.4
38.1
50.8
63.6
Displacement
(P-P) (um)
For AC motor, rev is maximum synchronous rev. For DC motor, it is maximum
power rev. For motor in series, it is work rev.
D. Maximum vibration of high power induction drive motor.
(NEMA MG1-20.52)
National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
Establishes two standards above.
Rev (rpm)
≥3000
1500~2999
1000~1499
≤999
25.4
50.8
63.6
76.2
Displacement
(P-P) (um)

Triple
E. Troubleshooting
1. Eccentric of gear, belt
sheave and bush.
2. Shaft is not in the middle
or curving (if vibration on
the shaft direction is high).
3. Belt fault
4. Syntony
5. Reciprocate force
Vibration
frequency Most possible
reason Other possible reason Note
Imbalance
Synchronous
with *
1. Shaft is not in the middle
or curing ( if vibration on
the shaft direction is high).
2. Belt fault
3. Syntony
4. Reciprocate force
Double Mechanical loose
Not in middle
If loose is worse,
there maybe
higher multiple
frequency.
Gear fault, liquid
force, mechanical
loose, reciprocating
force.
f
s
1 x N x ( N is the tooth
number of the fault gear ).
2 x N x ( N is the paddle
number of the fault pump
or fan ).
f
s
f
s
f
s
f
s
N multiple of
f
s
1. Drive belt fault
2. Interferential vibration
3. Beat frequency
Oil film eddy
turbulence
f
s
Synchronous
with power
frequency
Armature fault
Electric fault such as rotor
broken, rotor eccentric,
there phase imbalance and
air clearance not symmetry.
Double the power
frequency Torsional impulse Seldom
High frequency
( not multiple of
)f
s
Shaft is not
lubricate
1. Cavitations and
turbulent flow.
2. Frictional force.
Amplitude and
frequency of
vibration are
always not steady
* Is the frequency according with the rev of main shaft.