PerkinElmer AAnalyst 700 User manual

A
TOMIC SPECTROMETRY
User’s Guide
AAnalyst 700
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
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ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
AAnalyst 700
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
User’s Guide

Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Release history
Trademarks
PerkinElmer is a trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.
AAnalyst, AA WinLab, Lumina, and HGA are trademarks of affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC.
Windows is a trademark and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not
specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Copyright information
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
or translated into any language without the prior written permission of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC
or one of its affiliates.
Copyright ©1998–2000 by affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Technical Documentation
PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk
D-88647 Ueberlingen, Federal Republic of Germany
Certificate No. FM 22178
PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk is registered
for the design and manufacture of
laboratory analytical equipment
under the quality requirements of
BS EN ISO 9001.
Part Number Release Publication Date
0993-5255 1
2
3
4
5
January 1998
September 1998
June1999
March 2000
September 2000

0993-5255 C-1
Chapter 1 Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety practices and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Correct use of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Electrical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Laboratory hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Laboratory ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Safe handling of chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Waste disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
UV radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
High temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Handling compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Safety practices for flame atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Safety practices for electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Safety practices for FIAS and mercury hydride systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
References for laboratory safety practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
IEC 1010 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Electrical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28
Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29
Warning Markings on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Warning markings on the rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32
Warning markings on the deuterium lamp cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
Contents
page

Contents
C-2 0993-5255
Chapter 2 Spectrometer Installation
Before you install the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Preparing the spectrometer to be moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Moving the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Connecting the burner gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Connecting the furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
To connect the drain system to the burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
To install the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Connecting cooling sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Chapter 3 Preparing the System for Analyses
Switching on the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Installing lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Installing sample trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Shutting down the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Chapter 4 Spectrometer: System Maintenance
PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Maintenance checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Spectrometer maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Cleaning the windows of the optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Maintaining the electrical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
Changing the air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Replacing the deuterium lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Maintaining the acetylene supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Chapter 5 Parts and Supplies
Parts provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
page

Contents
0993-5255 C-3
Chapter 6 Laboratory Requirements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Space requirements for the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Electrical requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Gas supply requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Burner gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Cooling the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Computer and printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Chapter 7 Spectrometer: System Description
The AAnalyst 700 Spectrometer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
The optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Switches and connectors on the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Chapter 8 Translations of Warnings
Translations of Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45
Index
Customer Service
page

Contents
C-4 0993-5255

0993-5255 1-1
Safety practices and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Correct use of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Electrical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Laboratory hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Laboratory ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Safe handling of chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Waste disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
UV radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
High temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Handling compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Safety practices for flame atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Safety practices for electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Safety practices for FIAS and mercury hydride systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
References for laboratory safety practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
IEC 1010 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Electrical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28
Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29
Warning Markings on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Warning markings on the rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32
Warning markings on the deuterium lamp cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
Safety and Regulatory Information 1
1Safety and Regulatory Information
Contents page

1-2 0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information
0993-5255 1-3
Safety practices and conventions
This instrument has been designed to comply with a wide variety of international
standards governing the safety of laboratory equipment. In routine use, the
instrument poses virtually no risk to you. If you take some simple, common-sense
precautions, you can maintain the continued safe operation of the instrument.
The guide provided with the instrument contains information and warnings that
must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
instrument in a safe condition. This advice is intended to supplement, not
supersede, the normal safety code of behavior prevailing in the country of
operation.
The information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be
practiced. Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the
responsibility of the user and the user’s organization.
Possible hazards that could harm the user or result in damage to the instrument
are clearly stated at appropriate places throughout this guide.
Any of the following safety conventions can be used throughout this guide:
This symbol alerts you to situations that could result in personal injury to yourself
or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.
This symbol alerts you to the risk of electric shock that could result in personal
injury to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.
This symbol alerts you to the risk of hot surfaces that could cause personal
injury to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

Safety/Regulatory Information
1-4 0993-5255
Correct use of the instrument
Before you install or use your instrument, and in order to get the best results, you
should be familiar with all of the instruments in the system and know how to
operate them. You should also be aware of the safety procedures in force in your
laboratory, especially those concerning atomic spectrometry instruments. Consult
the guides supplied with the instruments before you start.
If you use the instrument in a manner not specified in the guide, or if you use it
for a purpose other than that intended, you may damage the instrument, or
compromise your own, or someone else’s, safety.
This instrument should only be operated by persons who are suitably qualified
and have received adequate training.
This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause
eye damage to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.
Caution The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage
to the instrument or other equipment.
Details about these circumstances are described in a message similar to this
one.

Safety/Regulatory Information
0993-5255 1-5
Electrical safety
To ensure satisfactory and safe operation of the instrument, it is essential that
the line power cord is connected to a properly installed line power outlet that
has a protective conductor (earth/ground).
Do not attempt to make internal adjustments or replacements except as
directed in the guide provided with the instrument.
Do not operate the instrument with any covers or parts removed.
Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any
adjustment, replacement, maintenance, or repair.
If, afterwards, the opened instrument must be operated for further adjustment,
maintenance, or repair, this must only be done by a skilled person who is
aware of the hazard involved.
W1.2
Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing
Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person
should be permitted to service the instrument.
Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications
to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the
instrument.
W2.1
Warning: Electrical Hazard
Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument or
disconnection of the protective conductor (earth/ground) terminal is likely to
make the instrument dangerous.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Lethal voltages are present in the instrument
–Even with the power switch off, line power voltages can still be present within
the instrument.
–When the instrument is connected to line power, terminals may be live, and
opening covers or removing parts (except those to which access can be
gained without use of a tool) is likely to expose live parts.
–Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument
has been disconnected from all voltage sources.

Safety/Regulatory Information
1-6 0993-5255
Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type for
replacement.
Do not use makeshift fuses or short-circuit the fuse holders.
Whenever it is likely that the instrument is no longer electrically safe for use,
make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unauthorized or
unintentional operation.
The instrument is likely to be electrically unsafe when it:
–Shows visible damage.
–Fails to perform the intended measurement.
–Has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions.
–Has been subjected to severe transport stresses.
Note: The spectrometer is provided with an operational on/off switch and with
a circuit breaker.
The operational on/off switch turns the instrument on and off, but it does not
disconnect the instrument from the line power supply.
The circuit breaker functions as a ‘disconnecting device’ and disconnects the
instrument entirely from the line power supply.
Further information on these two switches is provided in ‘Switches and
connectors on the spectrometer’ starting at page 7-6.

Safety/Regulatory Information
0993-5255 1-7
Operating conditions
The instrument will operate correctly under the following conditions:
Indoors.
Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a maximum
change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.
Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.
Altitude in the range 0 m to 2000 m (sea level to 6500 feet).
The location must be free of dust, smoke, and corrosive fumes.
You can store the instrument safely under the following conditions:
Ambient temperature –20 C to +60 C (–4 F to +140 F).
Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.
Altitude in the range 0 m to 12000 m (sea level to 40 000 feet).
Note: When you remove the instrument from storage and before you put it into
operation, allow it to stand for at least a day under the approved operating
conditions.
W1.3
Warning: Explosive Atmosphere
This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere.

Safety/Regulatory Information
1-8 0993-5255
Laboratory hygiene
Keep the work area scrupulously clean to avoid contaminating your samples
and to maintain a safe working environment. Clean up spilled chemicals
immediately and dispose of them properly.
Do not allow smoking in the work area. Smoking is a source of significant
contamination and also a potential route for ingesting harmful chemicals.
Do not store, handle, or consume food in the work area.
Laboratory ventilation
Toxic combustion products, metal vapor, ozone, etc., can be generated by the
system, depending on the type of analyses being performed.
You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic
products generated during instrument operation.

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Safe handling of chemicals
Some chemicals used with the instrument may be hazardous or may become
hazardous after completion of an analysis.
The responsible body1must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the
surrounding workplace is safe and that instrument operators are not exposed to
hazardous levels of toxic substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the
applicable national, state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.
Venting for fumes and disposal of wastes must be in accordance with all national,
state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.
Use, store, and dispose of chemicals in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations and the applicable national, state, and/or local regulations.
Wear appropriate eye protection at all times while handling chemicals.
Depending on the types of chemicals you are handling, wear safety glasses
with side shields, or goggles, or a full-face shield.
Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves if necessary, resistant to
the chemicals you are handling.
When preparing chemical solutions, always work in a fume hood that is
suitable for the chemicals you are using.
Perform sample preparation away from the instrument to minimize corrosion
and contamination.
Clean up spills immediately using the appropriate equipment and supplies,
such as spill cleanup kits.
Do not put open containers of solvent near the instrument.
Store solvents in an approved cabinet (with the appropriate ventilation) away
from the instrument.
1. Definitions from IEC 1010-1:
Responsible body: ‘individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of
equipment, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.’
Operator: ‘person operating equipment for its intended purpose.’

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Waste disposal
Contents of waste containers
The materials that you collect in waste containers may include small amounts of
the substances that were analyzed and other chemicals used in the analyses.
If these materials are toxic, corrosive, or contain organics you may have to treat
the collected effluent as hazardous waste. Refer to your local safety regulations
for proper disposal procedures.
Disposing of defective lamps
Hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps contain small quantities
of the lamp element in a very pure form. If a lamp containing toxic elements
becomes defective or otherwise unusable, you must treat it as hazardous waste
and dispose of it accordingly. A licensed company in the chemical waste disposal
business can provide lamp disposal in accordance with environmental regulatory
requirements. Please note that PerkinElmer does not take back defective lamps for
disposal.
In addition, hollow cathode lamps and deuterium lamps are maintained under
reduced pressure. Handle and dispose of them correctly to minimize the
implosion risk.
For information, the quantities of analyte material contained in the cathodes of
hollow cathode lamps are listed in the table below:
For EDLs, the quantity of analyte material used is much less than the quantities
used in HCLs. Typically, only several milligrams of material are placed in the
EDL bulb. No PerkinElmer EDLs (System 1 or 2) contain more than 0.05 g of
analyte material.
Quantity of material
in the cathode
Single-element hollow
cathode lamps
Multi-element hollow
cathode lamps
less than 5 g
As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Dy, Er,
Eu, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, In, Ir,
K, La, Li, Mg, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr,
Pt. Re, Rh, Ru, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn,
Ta, Tb, Tm, Yb, Y
Na-K, Pt-Ru
5–10 g Ag, Al, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo,
Ni, Sb, Si, Sr, Te, V, W, Zn, Zr
Ca-Mg, Ca-Zn, Ag-Au,
Sn-Te, Ca-Mg-Zn, Ca-Mg-Al
10–15 g Cu, Fe, Hg, Nb, P, Pb, Ti, Tl all other multi-element HCLs

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UV radiation
You should be aware of the health hazard presented by UV radiation.
When the instrument is on, do not remove any covers unless specifically
instructed to do so in the guide since otherwise you may be exposed to
potentially hazardous UV radiation.
Always wear UV-absorbing eye protection when viewing any of these
sources:
–The flame, especially the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame.
–The graphite furnace when it is heated to incandescence.
–Hollow cathode or electrodeless discharge lamps.
–The deuterium background correction lamp.

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High temperatures
Burner system
The flame can generate temperatures of up to 2800 °C.
Do not touch the burner head until it has cooled to room temperature.
Graphite furnace
The HGA graphite furnace can generate temperatures of up to 3000 C.
Do not touch any part of the graphite furnace until it has cooled to room
temperature.
Do not attempt to inject a sample into the graphite tube when the furnace is
hot. You may be subjected to fumes from the sudden vaporization of the
sample, and may damage the pipet.
Quartz tube atomizer cell
The quartz tube atomizer cell (QTA-cell) used for the hydride-generation
technique (option) can reach temperatures of up to 1000 C.
Do not touch any part of the heating mantle (electrically heated systems), or
the cell holder (flame-heated systems), or the QTA-cell until they have cooled
to room temperature.