PFG ROTA-LOO Maxi RL2000 User manual

RL2000 Owners Manual
Compostable Batch Cycle Toilet System
Proudly manufactured in Australia by
PFG Group Victoria
87 - 93 Tramway Road Morwell Victoria 3840
www.rotaloo.com.au

CONGRATULATIONS AND THANK YOU FOR PURCHASING A ROTA-LOO 2000
The Maxi RL2000 has been designed as a public use toilet facility with capacity for high use 2 toilet pedestals
(Male and Female). It requires no water, minimal maintenance and leaves no unsanitary waste or ground
seepage so is particularly suited to environmentally sensitive and ‘out-of-the-way locations.
The rst portable composting toilet came into Australia from Sweden in the late 1970’s. From this idea the
Rota-Loo was born, and has been developed and improved over the years to become one of the best
Waterless Composting Toilet (WCT) systems in the world and have been successfully installed and operated
in thousands of places throughout Australia, New Zealand and further aeld.
Today, Waterless Composting Toilets are becoming more widely accepted and other products have
appeared on the market. With Rota-Loos installed decades ago still operating well and owners
recommending them to others, the Rota-Loo remains the simplest, most efcient and cost effective WCT
available.
We hope the Rota-Loo fullls your expectations and that it may even ignite a hidden passion to live a
sustainable lifestyle and pass on the message. If you have difculty in installing or maintaining your
Rota-Loo, please get in touch with your supplier or through our website at www.rotaloo.com.au.
Do not store your RL2000 in the open. Please store under cover.
OceanaMark
OPMK30059
AS/NZS 1546.2
PFG Group Victoria Pty Ltd
is a Quality Assured
company certied
as compliant to
ISO9001:2015
AS/NZS 1546.2:2008 is the Standard that sets out the
requirements for the design and performance of Waterless
Composting Toilets to assure of safe, effective and efcient
operation. Authorities regulating the installation of Waterless
Composting Toilets (local Councils etc) require Certication to the
Standard to approve the installation of a system like Rota-Loo
CONTENTS
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................page2
The Composting Process....................................................................................................................................page 2
How Rota-Loo Works..........................................................................................................................................page 3
A Quick Guide........................................................................................................................................................page 4
Preparation & Building Design - Space Required.....................................................................................page 4
Preparation & Building Design.........................................................................................................................page 5
Preparation & Building Design - Structural Issues, Vent System, Excess Liquid.............................page 6
Installation - Prepare Base, Install Chamber, Position Waste Chute(s) ........................................page 7
Installation - Fixing Vent Pipes .....................................................................................................................page 8
Installation - Fix Connectors, Inlet Pipe, Outlet Pipe ...........................................................................page 9
Installation - Install Fan, Install Vent Pipes ............................................................................................page 10
Installation - Excess Liquid, Excess Liquid Tank .................................................................................page 11
Operations Overview ......................................................................................................................................page 12
Operation - Start-up, Liquid & Moisture ...................................................................................................page 12
Operation - Bin Rotation, Signage, Emptying, What to put in.............................................................page 13
Operation - What NOT to put in, Cleaning Pedestal, Keeping Record.............................................page 14
Trouble Shooting...............................................................................................................................................page 15
Risk Assessment - Inspection, Storage, Access, Quality....................................................................page 17
Risk - Transfer of Ownership, No Bulking Material, Carousel Not Turned, Too Hot..................page 18
Risk - Too Cold, Too Humid, Is Removed Early, Poor Drainage, Flooding.....................................page 19
Risk - Decommissioning.................................................................................................................................page 20
Warranty..............................................................................................................................................................page 21
Appendix - Checklist, Kit Parts List, Tools List.......................................................................................Page 22

Page 2
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this section is to give you an overview of the use of a Waterless Composting Toilet and in
particular a Rota-Loo. It will cover the composting process, and how Rota-Loo works to ensure correct
composting and what you will need to consider in the installation of your Rota-Loo.
THE COMPOSTING PROCESS
Composting is nature’s recycling process. It is how organic material is broken down by micro-organisms to
produce a rich product called Humus, an organic fertiliser, mulch and soil conditioner made from decayed
organic material. Because human waste is an organic material, it can be composted to produce humus.
The quality of the humus from a Waterless Composting Toilet (WCT) will be inuenced by the design and
installation, the materials you are adding and climatic conditions. In a correctly installed and maintained
Rota-Loo you can create humus which is soil like in texture and smell.
There are two main groups of bacteria that can be used in
composting. Aerobic (requires oxygen) and anaerobic (no oxygen
required). Aerobic bacteria processes material faster and with
signicantly less odorous gases than anaerobic bacteria. If the
material in the bin gets too wet or compacted down, air (oxygen)
cannot circulate through the pile and aerobic bacteria will die out
and be replaced by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria are
responsible for creating odours (nitrous oxide or rotten egg gas”)
which are associated with some composting and septic systems.
To maintain aerobic decomposition, it is important to keep the moisture containment of the material below
70%, and ideally between 50% and 60%. As fecal matter is 70-80% moisture and urine about 95%, for a
WCT to work correctly there must be a method to separate the liquids from the solids.
The heat of the compost pile is also very important in composting. Depending on the temperature there
will be different dominant bacteria groups:
• Below 5°C very little activity takes place.
• From 6°C to 20°C – Psychrophilic,
• From 21°C to 45°C - Mesophilic,
• From 46°C - 71°C Thermophilic.
From the graph shown (from AS1546.2) the time for
organic material to be composted is very dependent
on the temperature. Heat will be generated by the
bacterial activity, but holding that heat and adding
to it is important for effective operation of a
waterless composting toilet system.
A realistic operation is to encourage the Mesophilic
bacteria by maintaining warmth in the WCT and
adding bulking materials to promote a loose textured
pile that allows good air ow (oxygen supply). The Carbon-Nitrogen ratio (C/N) is a further important
aspect in composting. Carbon and Nitrogen is the food required by micro organisms. The C/N Ratio can
vary from 40:1 to 25:1, but in general terms you need a lot of Carbon to a small amount of Nitrogen so for
optimum efciency some high carbon bulking materials should be added.
250
200
150
100
50
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Compost Temperature
Days to Compost
Days of Composting with relation to temperature
To learn more about naturally disposal of human
waste and how to improve the composting
process and end product, the book “The Humanure
Handbook” by Joseph Jenkins is a useful resource.

Page 3
HOW ROTA-LOO WORKS AND ENSURES EFFICIENT COMPOSTING
Rota-Loo deals with human waste using natural aerobic (requires oxygen) composting turning it to
Humus, a soil like fertiliser which can be easily disposed of. This is achieved by keeping the composting
pile dry and air circulating to provide the necessary oxygen.
The RL2000 has 8 large buckets sitting on a turntable in the Rota-Loo. Waste falls into the bucket(s)
positioned directly below the toilet pedestal(s) which allow liquids to drain away into the base. Excess
liquid may be drained away into a secondary system (see page 11). It may be worth considering including
a waterless urinal in some installations to divert some liquid away from the solids pile.
12 months. In the case of very high usage, where buckets may be rotated for use before composting is
complete, additional buckets can be supplied to allow for further composting time. Heat for composting
is generated by the bacterial activity. Retaining the heat available is important and adding extra heat will
assist the process. Using good insulation within the structure and passive solar heat are both important
methods to create and retain internal warmth.
Typical air ow through the chamber
An air-warm airow is promoted by a continuously running fan drawing
air through a vent pipe heated by solar radiation, which both dries the
composting solids and provides oxygen for the aerobic process. The fan
also ensures airow down the pedestal creating negative pressure and
controlling any odours that may occur.
When the bucket is full it is rotated within the chamber where it stays
promoting a good composting environment. Upon full rotation, bringing
the original bucket back (rotation brings it back to the pedestal),
composting should be complete and the Humus can be disposed of.
Composting time is dependent on the pile temperature, but it is generally
recommended that each bucket should stay in the Rota-Loo for at least
The design of the Rota-Loo provides a natural air-gap insulation around the bins. It is recommended that
the Rota-Loo is installed in an insulated space to help retain heat - this is particularly important in cold
climates where temperatures are regularly below 10°C. Placing the Rota-Loo in a sun-facing position and/
or in a Soltran module will improve operation.
A signicant amount of heat is lost in the airow system, so a Rota-Loo installation requirement is that
the inlet air is drawn from a warm air area, preferably through piping that acts as a solar collector (being
placed in a sunny location and painted black are the simplest methods).
When a composted bin has rotated through the
Rota-Loo chamber, it will be ready to empty
before lling again. If all has been operating
well, the result will be a soil like Humus compost
which can be used as a fertiliser in the garden.
The Soltran Principal
Clear sheeting is angled at
60 degrees with the largest
surface preferably facing
north. The rays of the sun
heats up the cool air inside,
the warm air is drawn into
the Rota-Loo by the fan
in the vent pipe. The front
of the Soltran can also be
used as the access door to
the Rota-Loo room.
State Regulaons oen spulate the disposal methods of composted
waste from a compostable toilet. Please check with your local
authority. Typically in Australia, authories require that humus from
a composng toilet be buried with 300mm of soil on top and in a
locaon that is not intended to be used for food culvaon for three
months.

Page
A QUICK GUIDE - INSTALLATION
It’s all in the planning! Read Pages 4 to 6 for a detailed guide in properly planning your installation.
For proper operation of the Rota-Loo you should consider a number of issues during the building design
stages to enable the natural composting processes the best chance to give trouble-free operation.
The design of the site and building needs to allow for:
• The location of the toilet pedestal(s) in the building as well as the required structure to have the
Rota-Loo placed below oor level.
• Space for the Rota-Loo and a rm, dry and sheltered base for it to sit.
• Adequate access to service and maintain the Rota-Loo.
• Warmth to assist the composting process by locating the Rota-Loo in a sunny place and maybe
installing insulation, particularly in cooler climates around the structures cavity
• Good ventilation to provide oxygen and evaporate liquids
• Electrical supply (240VAC or 12VDC) to the fan location
• Excess Liquid (urine) that may occur in high use areas
The Rota-Loo RL2000 is supplied as a kit containing most of the components required and can be
installed using basic building tools and materials available at plumbing suppliers or hardware shops. See
the Appendix on Page 22 for a list of supplied parts and required materials and tools. Pages 7 to 11
highlight your installation instructions.
Installation of the Rota-Loo involves:
• Positioning the Pedestal and Rota-Loo to ensure a vertical drop from the pedestal to the waste bins
• Preparing a at, level and rm base for the Rota-Loo to sit
• Installing the ventilation pipe-work, including vent pods, inlet, fan and Turbo Vent
• Connecting the Pedestal, waste chute and Rota-Loo
• Final checks before use.
4
PREPARATION & BUILDING DESIGN
Space Required
The building needs to allow easy access for the removal of the compost bins and servicing of the fan.
Because the Toilet pedestal is elevated above the Rota-Loo, situating the Rota-Loo building on a slope may
be benecial, allowing easier access to the toilet. Other considerations for the building layout:
• The Air vent inlet should be on the warm side of the building
• The vent inlet and outlet should be diametrically opposed.
• Toilet pedestals must be directly over a bucket - if 2 pedestals are to be used, they should be
located over opposite buckets.
The basic dimensions of the oor plan and minimum clearances of your building must be the same (or
larger) as that shown in the picture below to accommodate your Maxi Rota-Loo.
ASNZ 1546.2
requires that
the top of the
composting
bin must be at
least 400mm
below the toilet
seat. This
requirement is
assured with
any normal
Rota-Loo
installation.
Allow sufcient space to permit tting insulation throughout the build cavity. This is essential in cold
climates. See graph on page 2 for further information.
North
Facing Warm
air intake c. Allow good
access to the
chamber door
to rotate and
change buckets,
and to maintain
fan if required.
Vent pipe
a. From the wall to the
edge of the waste chute
hole should be 225mm
b. The centres between
each waste chute hole
can be between 1200mm
and 1400mm
a. a.
b. c.
c.
Waste chute
diameter is
250mm
1990mm chamber
diameter
1000mm
chamber
height
plus
190mm
if le on
supplied
pallet
Minimum gap between
chamber and oor
joists is 300mm.

Page
PREPARATION & BUILDING DESIGN Cont...
The Vent inlet pipe should be located on the North side and it is recommended that north facing solar
transfer be used where possible to provide heat for the Rota-Loo and Excess Liquid evaporation where
installed.
• If your Maxi is going to have a solar powered fan there needs to be northern exposure and a clear view
of the sun.
• If your Maxi is going to have an evaporative trench to handle any excess liquid your site needs to have
a patch of level diggable ground adjacent to the building. If your building is going to have a suspended
concrete oor it is best not to use the chutes as forms when pouring the slab on decking. Plan to cast
the holes about 30mm larger. They can always be grouted later.
• The drawing below shows a typical Maxi Rota-Loo installation with Excess Liquid Tank and Soltran
enclosure.
5
RL2000 Maxi
Chamber &
Buckets
Air Inlet for
Excess Liquid
Tank
Excess Liquid
Tank unit
Fan Housing
for Excess
Liquid Tank
Air Inlet for
RL2000 Maxi
Toilet Cubicle
Vent pipes for Excess Liquid
Tank and RL2000 Maxi

Page 6
PREPARATION & BUILDING DESIGN Cont...
Structural Issues
The Rota-Loo is installed sub-oor. It may be installed under a concrete slab or bearer and joist oor,
in a full or partial cellar as desired in the building design. Consider the spacing of joists or concrete slab
penetrations to allow for the waste chute. Consult a relevant Engineer to ensure support spacing and oor
spans are adequate for the size and position of the Rota-Loo.
Most Rota-Loos are installed in a location largely protected
from the elements and can sit freely on the base. If your
installation is likely to experience extremes, you may need
to consider anchoring the Rota-Loo to the ground to prevent it moving in the event of weather events.
Rota-Loo is not designed to be fully immersed in water so should not be installed where severe ooding
may occur without ood protection.
Vent System
The Rota-Loo airow requirement is provided by DWV piping (not supplied) from an inlet lter
(supplied) to a Turbo Vent (supplied) and incorporates a continuous running fan (supplied).
• The Rota-Loo 2000 comes with 2 Pods for the vent piping. These may be placed as suits the
installation. The Inlet needs to be tted low and opposite the Outlet, which will be higher.
• The fan is to be tted on the outlet side. Consider how the fan will be powered (240VAC or 12VDC)
and ensure the fan housing is accessible for maintenance.
• The air inlet (inlet Filter) needs to be located lower than the Pedestal, otherwise you will draw air
from the toilet cubicle rather than where the air inlet is located. (To draw warm air down from ceiling
cavities typically requires a second fan)
• Remember that warm air naturally rises and that sharp bends restrict airow - designing the vent
piping correctly will improve natural operation.
• Warm air holding moisture entering cold air can result in condensation. Consider insulating the outlet
vent piping, and ensuring you install the supplied condensate trap, particularly in cold climates.
Excess Liquid
Under normal conditions, all liquids should be dealt with by normal evaporation. If the installation
experiences excessive use or does not get enough heat to evaporate the liquid internally, it may be
necessary to plan to install a secondary system to handle the excess liquid. This may be a secondary
evaporating tank, which should be installed in a sunny location, or an Absorption Trench System.
Speak to your supplier or Rota-Loo for advice if you think this may be needed.
AS 1546.2 requires that access to a WCT be
prevented from unauthorised people. Consider
whether your installation needs access restriction
methods to prevent young children or vandals
from access.
North
Facing
Hot air
If a 240VAC fan is to be
installed, a standard single
GPO needs to be provided
close to the fan position and
installed according to AS/NZ
3500 & AS/NZ 3820.
If solar power is planned,
consult a solar installer to
provide a system that will
keep the fan running 24/7
- the 12 DVC fan power
consumption is 3.0W
condensate
trap

Page 7
INSTALLATION
Prepare Base for Rota-Loo Maxi 2000
• The Maxi must be placed on a level, hard dry foundation. If you don’t wish to pour concrete,
paving slabs on 100mm of compacted sand are quite adequate. In damp areas it is advisable to
put a vapour barrier (black builder’s plastic) between the sand and concrete or slabs. In addition
to this, insulation is required between the Maxi and the oor; this can be
Masonite, builders plywood or cement sheeting. The pallet on which the Rota-Loo is
delivered may serve as part of the base and insulation for the installation.
• Take the door off and remove all the bins from the Maxi and set them aside.
Position Chamber and Pedestals
1. Mark the holes in the oor of the toilet cubicle. The Maxi is normally tted with two pedestals. These
are located over diagonally opposite chambers at between 1200mm and 1400 mm centres, with a
recommended centre distance of 1350mm.
• The Pedestals must be directly above the Rota-Loo and the waste chutes must be vertical
• Ensure that the waste chute hole positions are clear of oor joists and do not impact the structural
integrity of the oor.
• Place the pedestal in position and check that with the waste chute centre lined up, there is
adequate clearance of the pedestal to walls.
2. Drill a small hole in the centre of the marked chute hole, position the Maxi under the oor and check
with a plumb bob that the hole centre aligns with the eventual centre of the chute on the top of the
Rota-Loo. Also check before you cut the holes that you don’t have to shift or trim the oor joists.
3. When the location of the waste chute centres are conrmed, cut a hole in the oor to allow the waste
chute to t through (260mm diameter)
Fit Waste Chutes to Rota-Loo Chamber
• Using the centre point determined by the plumb bob, or by inserting the waste chute through the oor,
locate the Waste Chute Flange in position on the Maxi RL2000 lid directly under the chute
• Scribe the size of the internal hole in the Waste Chute Flange
Reminder Notes:
Be careful not to install a toilet light directly above the pedestal.
The oor joists will need to be clear of the waste chute and provision should be made to secure the
waste chute to the oor joists or another part of the building structure.
Don’t cut out the Waste Chute hole in the oor
unl you are sure you have everything lined up
in case you need to adjust the posion.
Top of Rota-Loo Maxi
2000 with ange.
Scribe around hole in
ange.

Page 8
INSTALLATION Cont...
• Remove the ange and scribe a second circle that has a radius 15mm larger than the rst.
• Cut out around the larger circle (x+15mm radius) and clean up around the hole.
• Liberally apply sealant around the edge of the hole
X
X + 15
Spread sealant on
ange liberally. TIP
Our current product is Sikaex PRO
which we have found good in sealing
polyethylene to polyethylene.
• Place the ange in the hole. Drill pilot holes and fasten in place
with the stainless steel self tapping screws provided. Check that
the Waste Chute ts vertically through the oor before nally
sealing and screwing.
• Place the Waste Chute in position and place the toilet pedestal
onto the Waste Chute. Measure the distance Y (height of
Pedestal above oor).
• Remove the Waste Chute and cut off the measured distance
from the length of the Waste Chute. NB - one end of the Chute
has a socket, which is provided for when more than one Chute
are joined together - this end should be cut off so the nal Chute
is smooth and straight.
Waste
Chute
Flange
Floor
• Replace the Waste Chute. Seal with sealant the inside pedestal lip, where the Waste Chute meets the
pedestal. Fix the pedestal to the oor.
Waste
Chute
Sealant
Sealant
Fixing Vent Pipes
Two Vent Pipe connection Pods are supplied with the Maxi RL2000:
• One with a hole cut for a 100mm DWV pipe - this is the Inlet connector
• One with a hole cut for a 150mm DWV pipe - this is the Outlet connector
• The vent pipes are not supplied with the kit as each installation will be unique. All connections are
designed to t standard 100 and 150 DWV PVC pipe.
• Keep bends in vent pipes to 45 degree - 90 degree bends are too sharp and slow the airow
unnecessarily.

Page 9
INSTALLATION Cont...
The Vents must be diagonally opposite each other (see gure adjacent)
and the fan should be installed at 45 degrees. As far as possible try to
keep the vent pipe at direct run between the fan and the vent cap or
wind turbine. Don’t snake the vent pipe all over the place! Use as few
bends as possible and also make sure there is easy access to the vent
fan and inlet lter for cleaning or replacing.
Fix the Connectors
When the position of the connectors is determined, x them to the
Rota-Loo:
Warm
air
intake
Vent pipe
Cut Out
40mm
• Place the connector on the side of the Maxi where it is to be xed.
• Scribe around the connector.
• Remove the connector and inscribe a line 40mm inside your marked line.
• With a jigsaw cut out the inner area.
• Liberally apply sealant and attach the connector to the Maxi. Drill pilot holes and x with the stainless
steel self tapping screws provided.
Inlet Pipe (100mm DWV)
• The air inlet has to be located diagonally opposite the outlet pipe, (see gure adjacent) and should be
positioned on the side of the unit approximately 200mm from the bottom. The air inlet is attached to
the 1OOmm 45º connector.
• From the connector run the air intake pipe to wherever there is a source of warm air. This might be at
the northern side of the building or from a Soltran module (the warmer the better). Do Not t a vertical
pipe from the roof space to the air intake. This may over load the fan and cause equalization of the air
ow and cause internal odour.
• A 100mm lter cap is provided in the kit - this is to go on the inlet pipe to prevent insects entering the
Rota-Loo.
Outlet Pipe (150mm DWV)
• The air outlet has to be located diagonally opposite the inlet pipe,
(see gure above) and should be positioned on the side of the unit
approximately 550mm from the bottom. The air inlet is attached to the
15Omm 45º connector.
• The Fan housing will be tted directly after the connector at the 45° of the
outlet connector.
• The vent cap and the wind turbine (supplied) have been designed to
improve the air ow. Don’t ever be tempted to substitute them with the
conventional mozzie trap as this could impact on the operation of the vent
and turbine.

Page 10
INSTALLATION Cont...
Installing the Fan
The fan is an important part of the Rota-Loo and ensures adequate airow
in the right direction.
The moulded fan housing is designed for both 100 and 150 DWV pipe
options. The Maxi RL2000 fan housing will be supplied ready to t to 150
DWV pipe which is the recommended pipe size for the Maxi Rota-Loo.
The fan should be specied for your power supply (240VAC, 12VDC or
24VDC) and will have been tted in the factory.
The fan can be accessed easily via the cover, which should be installed in
a location that is easily accessible for maintenance.
• Fit the fan housing at a 45° angle as close to the Rota-Loo outlet
connector as possible but tting 150 DWV pipe over the housing
spigots, sealing with Sikaex and screwing through using the stainless
steel screws provided (pre-drilled).
• Take care to ensure the fan is installed in the correct ow direction.
This should be marked on the housing and can also be found as an
arrow on the side of the fan itself.
• Connect the fan to an appropriate power source. It is designed run at all times.
Installing the Vent Pipes
When all the pipe layouts are determined and prepared, x it all together and support adequately with
appropriate brackets.
As a guide, well composted material will be soil like in texture and
appearance. It will be free of foul odours and there won’t be anything
that is recognisable as faecal matter.
Even if it passes all these tests, remember to bury it away from food
cultivation to ensure the natural process is complete.
• Make sure the vent cap is at least 600mm above the ridge line of your roof, so that
you don’t experience down drafts. Trees close to the vent cap can also cause down
draft problems even though the vent pipe may be well above the ridge line. In a
situation like this it may be necessary to use a wind turbine as well as a fan.
• The vent pipe must be insulated where it is runs up the outside of the building and in
the roof space.(not that critical in arid regions because of lower humidity) In general,
it is preferable to have the vent pipe inside the building, to reduce the possibility of
condensation of evaporating liquid. In colder areas to improve efciency, you may wish to insulate
the vent pipe even if it runs inside the toilet room. The easiest way to do this is to simply frame it into
a corner and then ll the cavity with discarded insulating material i.e., Styrofoam packing chips or
cellulose.
• Liquid is being evaporated from the Maxi all the time and if the pipe is cold, the vapour will condense
and the liquid will run back down the pipe and could short out your fan, which is why the fan should
be placed at 45 degrees. The brackets supporting the vent pipe should be large enough to go around
the pipe and insulation. In dry hot regions the vent pipe, if not insulated, may be painted black to
increase the chimney effect.
• If the vent pipe is to be tted inside the toilet room, a 150mm hole must be cut in the oor, ceiling and
through the roof. The pipe must be ashed as it passes through the roof.
• Continue the vent pipe down to the oor (drawing as above). This will support the fan motor assembly
and act as a condensation collector. Fit a 20mm drain outlet (supplied).

Page 11
INSTALLATION Cont...
Excess Liquid Equipment
Often in high use public facilities, natural evaporation of liquids in the Rota-Loo is insufcient. Or this
may occur in colder climates. In these instances the excess liquids must be drained away to keep the
composting environment dry. If your Maxi uses a solar powered fan or relies on a wind turbine, the
emergency overow outlet on your Maxi must be connected to an excess liquid tank.
Excess Liquid Tank
The Excess Liquid Tank (ELT) comes as a kit which accepts liquids drained from the Rota-Loo via the
40mm pipe outlet provided in the Rota-Loo (either side of door) The Excess Liquid tank consists of an
enclosed tank with a solar transfer top and evaporating tray. The kit comes with a vent system similar to
the Rota-Loo
• Install the ELT at on the ground next to and slightly lower then the Rota-Loo -on the North side under
a Soltran enclosure (see picture Page 5).
• Connect the Rota-Loo to the ELT via pipe (rigid or exible) between the 40mm pipe nipples.
• Connect the inlet and outlet vent pipes, fan housing and turbo vent using the same principles as those
for the Rota-Loo.
3mm Clear Glazing
100mm 45 degree
angle
Air Inlet Filter
Excess Liquid Drain
from Rota-Loo
Flange
Emergency Drain
150mm Fan
Assembly
Airow
Soltran Glazing
10mm Twin Wall
Polycarbonate
Soltran Glazing
10mm Twin Wall
Polycarbonate
Using your Rota-Loo is great for the environment... you will use less water and less energy and you’ll
return nutrients to the local eco-system. But using a Rota-Loo requires some effort and care - it is not
the same as pushing a button and having someone else look after your waste, but with a little care and
maintenance you can expect many years of trouble free operation.
PLEASE READ THIS OPERATION MANUAL CAREFULLY. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU MAINTAIN THE
ROTA-LOO PROPERLY

Page 12
OPERATIONS - OVERVIEW
Using the Rota-Loo (Page 12-13)
The Rota-Loo is used as any other toilet but care must be taken:
• Always keep the toilet seat down when not in use
• The toilet may be used to compost other waste, but only certain materials
• Do not use disinfectants to clean the toilet
• Use good quality recyclable toilet paper
Rotating the Rota-Loo (Page 13)
You will need to check regularly to make sure the waste bins do not overow - this can be done by looking
down the waste chute with a torch. When a bin is full a bin rotation needs to be done - expect
to do this several times each year depending on use:
• Cover the waste pile with a suitable material
• Rotate the bin to the left
• Empty the bin that is next to be used.
Routine Maintenance and Checks (Page 13-14)
It is recommended that each time the Bins are rotated, you:
• Check that the fan is operating and air ow is unobstructed
• Flush out the base of the Rota-Loo with a bucket of water
• Unscrew and empty the condensate cap
Trouble Shooting (Page 15-16)
Sometimes things go wrong! Most problems are due to the composting process getting too wet or out of
balance. An outline of common problems and remedies are listed in the Manual.
When emptying the Bin, use gloves, eye
protection and a dust mask to protect
yourself from any residual pathogens that
may exist.
Bury the compost under 300mm of top
soil away from where food cultivation
may occur for a 3 month period - this is
a requirement of many Authorities and
an additional safe guard against disease
transmission
OPERATIONS - OPERATING THE ROTA-LOO
Each installation will be slightly different because we all have different lifestyles and diets and we live
in different climates. Rota-Loo is designed to operate in a wide range of conditions and in most cases
composting will be effective with a minimum attention.
Start-up
• Make sure that the geotextile lter as supplied is in position in the bottom of each
bin. Mushroom or good garden compost can be used as a start-up accelerator. A
shovel full in each bin is all that is required.
• Replace the bins and door, switch on the fan and the toilet is now ready for use.
NB - A Maxi RL2000 has 8 bins marked 1 - 4 on one side and 1 - 4 on the other
side. With 2 pedestals in use, the bins should be used in sequences of 1&1, 2&2, 3&3, 4&4.
• Fit stickers (“please close the seat”) and wall signs provided to encourage proper use of the Rota-Loo.
Liquid & Moisture
The Maxi should be examined at regular intervals for excess liquid, especially during the initial period
and also during periods of cold weather. If the liquid level continues to build up, it is an indication that the
system requires more heat. During the initial period, the capacity to handle liquid by evaporation is less
than when there is a large volume of humus material. As the chamber lls up, its capacity to handle urine
is gradually increased.
If, on inspection, the composting pile is found to be too dry (target is 45%-70% moisture) then a little
water added down the pedestal may assist the composting.
It is a good idea to place a small amount of mushroom compost, potting
mix, pea straw or similar in the bottom of the bin - this will help start the
composting process more quickly

Page 13
OPERATIONS - OVERVIEW
Room Ventilation
The fan in the Maxi, which operates continuously, will draw air down the chute from under the seat. No
odour will rise into the toilet room against the negative pressure thus created. Ventilation into the toilet
room can be by a 20mm gap under the door or preferably by a y wire grill in a ush tting door. There
is no need for a ventilating fan in the toilet room. In fact, in relatively air tight buildings a ceiling fan or
extractor can actually impede the performance of the Maxi.
If odours are apparent or liquid is building up, check the fan as it may have stopped working and airow
reduced or owing the wrong way.
Notices & Stickers
Check that Wall Signs and Toilet Seat Stickers are in place to help educate and encourage users to use the
toilet in the correct manner.
Bin Rotation
When the bin is full (the waste pile is no higher than 100mm below the top of the bin):
• Open the access door.
• Pour 2 to 3 litres of water into the bin – this can be done via the pedestal
• If available, we recommend you cover the compost with about 30mm
of mushroom compost, potting mixture, chopped straw or hay, or any
mixture of similar organic material.
• Rotate the bins one position in the clockwise direction (to the left).
• The bin now under the waste chute will be full of composted material
(unless it’s the rst use) and needs to be emptied.
• Empty the composted material in a safe place, taking care to retain the
Geo-textile lter.
• Replace the lter, return the bin to the Rota-Loo (place some mushroom
compost or potting mix in the bottom if desired) and close the door - it’s
ready to use again
Bin Emptying
Bin emptying is normally concurrent with rotating the Rota-Loo - when bin is full and rotated the bin
presented for use needs to be emptied.
Open the door, rotate the full bin as noted above and remove the bin presented. Under normal use this bin
will have been inside the Maxi tank for a minimum of 1 year. The contents will have composted, be quite
dry and have an earthy odour.
Remember that where 2 pedestals are tted, both bins should be emptied.
• Removal of bins - The bin to be emptied could be quite heavy. Pull the bin out until you can transfer it
to a hand trolley for moving to a location for disposal.
• Disposal of compost - Bury the compost under 300mm of top soil away from where food cultivation
may occur for a 3 month period - this is a requirement of many Authorities and an additional safe
guard against disease transmission
• Replacing an empty bin - Make sure that the geotextile lter is in position in the bottom of each bin.
This acts as a liquid lter. Cover the lter material with about 5cms of mushroom compost, or garden
compost or some of the compost material from the previous contents. This will act as a compost
starter. Make sure that the empty bin is placed under the pedestal, close up the door and continue use.
What to put in the Rota-Loo
• use only a good quality toilet paper (either unbleached, recycled or new white paper). Try
not use excessive amounts of toilet paper as the paper may break down slower than the
heap.
• The recommended amount of Bio-stimulant per week
IMPORTANT NOTE: Keep the seat cover closed at all times when the toilet is not in use. If you
fail to close the lid, there will be a decrease in the rate of evaporation and odour may occur.
Adding some earthworms to the full bin will further improve the
humus and speed up the composting process. If you wish to try
this, check to ensure you are using the right worms.
DO NOT USE a bin that has already been used and
the contents composted until it has been emptied.

Page 14
OPERATIONS Cont...
The following additives help to allow oxygen to ow around the solid material as well as add some carbon
rich matter ensuring that it remains aerobic and healthy so you obtain good quality compost. We
recommend that you at regularly intervals (about once a week) put down the toilet a handful of two of the
following:
• Chopped pea straw (compressed bales are at available from most garden supply shops)
• Hard vegetable peelings (ie. Potato or carrot). The peelings should be chopped to no larger than 30mm
(1”) square
• Fresh grass clippings
• Hay, Peat moss, Rice hulls, Peanut shells. Pop corn, or similar organic materials
• Wood shaving can be good but DO NOT USE PINE OR EUCALYPT as they are disinfectants!
Disinfectants kill the bacteria required for good composting.
The Rota-Loo can be used to help compost other household wastes, but please don’t expect it to do
everything. The aim is to safely handle human waste and adding other materials should be done with the
objective of improving the composting process only. Adding additional matter to the bins will ll the bins
more quickly so keep an eye on the bin levels more often. It may also mean that you will need to rotate the
bins more often, but remember that if the composting bacteria are healthy, decomposition will occur quickly.
What NOT to put in the Rota-Loo
• any burning materials such as cigarettes or matches,
• disposable nappies, tampons, wet wipes or sanitary napkins,
• plastic, rubber, metal or glass material.
• vegetable scraps, fruit scraps or meat/fat scraps, as they are subject to putrefaction and attract ies
and other vermin.
Cleaning of the Pedestal And Seat
Generally once a week, or more often if required, clean the pedestal and seat with water and if necessary,
a small amount of biodegradable detergent. No problem is caused if a small amount of water is let into
the system. Keep the use of disinfectant to a minimum and wherever possible use only biodegradable
disinfectant. When using disinfectant, use it only on a damp sponge around the pedestal and seat areas
to prevent any spillage.
Be careful that disinfectant is not allowed to go down the
chute. Should this happen, add a dose of Bio-Stimulant and
up to a small bucketful of peat moss or potting mixture into
the bin. This will help restart the bacterial activity and isolate
fresh wastes from the disinfected area. Alternatively you
can rotate the Rota-Loo. In this case add Bio-Stimulant and
bulking material to give the bacteria plenty to work on.
Keeping Record
Use the Bin Rotation Diary supplied, either on the door of the
Rota-Loo or kept in a safe and accessible place, to keep a
record of when the bins are turned and emptied.
• In the ‘clear’ triangle ll in the date that bin was lled and
rotated to the next bin
• In the ‘greyed’ triangle note the date that bin was emptied
and rotated into the ‘active’ position.
Bio-Stimulant is a sea-weed based pro-biotic, available from Rota-Loo, that helps keep the right environment and
balance in the composting pile for the aerobic bacteria to grow and work. Adding a small amount of Bio-Stimulant
regularly according to the instructions on the bottle will improve composting and control odours. It is recommended that
Bio-Stimulant be used weekly, or at least monthly, and whenever a bin (or the house) is being closed up for a period.
APPLICATION Dilute 1 part Bio-stimulant in 10 parts water 1:10). Apply 50ml of diluted mix three times a per week in
active bins (pour down the pedestal).
IMPORTANT NOTE: Keep the seat cover closed at all times when the toilet is not in use. If you
fail to close the lid, there will be a decrease in the rate of evaporation and odour may occur.
Manufactured by Kiel Industries
87-93 Tramway Road
Morwell, VIC 3840
Australia
[email protected]
[phone]
Use gloves, eye protection and a
dust mask to protect yourself
from any residual pathogens
that may exist.
Bury under 300mm of soil for
3 months or as required by your
local authority.
If contact is made between compost and skin,
wash immediately
BIN DATES FILLED AND EMPTIED
F
E
F
E
F
E
F
E
F
E
F
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
300mm
Please read the Operations Manual for correct maintenance procedures

Page
TROUBLE SHOOTING
The Rota-Loo is a simple system that if maintained, will operate without problems for many years. However,
sometimes things go wrong! This section will help you diagnose and rectify some issues that may arise, and
addresses a few common questions. If in doubt, please call your dealer or contact Rota Loo for help and
advice.
If the Liquid level in the bottom of the Rota-Loo is greater than 50mm deep.
The liquid needs to be drained off. Do this by placing a container under the drain outlet (near the access
door) and removing the cap.
If the Rota-Loo emits an unpleasant odour.
The composting matter is probably too wet. Excess liquid may need to be drained off as above. Check the
fan operation and Turbo vent. Insufcient air ow which may be caused by a failed fan or blocked air piping
(a bird’s nest in the Turbo vent!) will reduce evaporation. Or, if the fan stops, the airow from the Rota-Loo
may ow up the pedestal bringing what odour there is into the room. Restart the fan (failed power supply
maybe) or replace the fan.
If the Liquid Level is continuously building.
Check the fan, as above. It may be that the airow is not enough to evaporate the liquids. Or, more heat
is needed for the system to evaporate the liquid properly. A Soltran Module may need to be installed or an
excess liquid handling system should be constructed.
If the turntable won’t rotate.
Check for obstructions. On the RL650 the bins are quite
close to the chamber sides and it may be that a bin has got
caught on a Vent Pod screw that is a little long. The Bins
may not be located on the right part of the carousel as per
the included photo. This would simply require the bins to
be relocated to lock onto the carousel properly.
On models with turntable castors (RL950 and RL2000),
check for salt build up on the base of the chamber as it
may be that salt crystals block the turntable wheel path
- ush with water and drain from the excess liquid outlet.
The turntable hasn’t been rotated and a Bin has become overlled.
Should the bin overow, the Rota-Loo will need to be cleaned out carefully. The overow bin will need to
be removed and excess waste transferred to the next bin (after emptying). Any overowed waste solids can
be cleaned out be ushing with water and pumping out the Rota-Loo base (block-off the excess liquid
outlet) to be disposed of properly (a septic pump out truck will take the waste to a proper disposal facility.
There was a power failure during the last few days.
This will not affect the composting? The heat generated from the composting process is usually
sufcient to maintain the correct temperature in the composting pile. Also, the heat from the
compost will set up a natural draught, which should take away the odours and keep the toilet free
of smell.
15

Page
What should be done if the area will be closed down for a while?
If the toilets will not be used for only a few days, we would recommend you keep the fan on, but if
the toilets are not to be used for a few weeks, the fan may be turned off. When you turn the fan
off, a smell may enter the room. However, this should be gone in a few hours, after the heat from
the composting process starts to push the gases up the vent on its own, or the fan is restarted on
return. It is also recommended that you add a dose of Bio-Stimulant down the pedestal before
closing down. This works to keep the right balance of bacteria whilst the system is not being used.
If there are too many ies in the composting chamber.
Generally, ies are attracted by excessive amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, which is a
result of anaerobic bacteria indicating that the composting pile is too moist, there is not enough
heat or the wrong things have been dropped down the pedestal.
A few ies may be part of the process and may be helpful, but if they become a nuisance they can
be dealt with.
• First check all the other ventilation systems (fan etc.) are working properly. and that liquid
drainage and evaporation is adequate.
• Commence using a bulking regime to aerate the pile. This allows more air through the pile and
will increase aerobic activity and evaporation.
• The most effective way to kill the ies is by using the Rota-Loo Bio-Stimulant. Bio-Stimulant
helps the compost pile by increasing and sustaining a higher metabolic rate of aerobic
bacteria, therefore increasing the compost rate and producing less gases to attract the ies.
• It is also recommended that a pyrethrum (natural insect repellent) spray or powder be added
to the pile and the bin rotated. Two tablespoons of boracic acid can also work.
• Another option to kill these ies is by pouring boiling water down the waste chute. The boiling
water kills the larvae and stops the breeding cycle. About 4 litres of boiling water down the
chute, everyday for about 14 days is required. Make sure you have a drainage system in place
rst.
• If ies are still present and all methods have failed, it would be worthwhile emptying all bins
and ushing the whole system out with water. This will allow you to start afresh.
16
Sphaeroceridae are a family of true ies in the order Diptera,
often called small dung ies The larvae are microbial grazers
found in abundance in many micro-environments with
decomposing organic material. Most species appear to be
associated with decaying plants or fungi and they are a part
of the nutrient cycle. Many species are associated with various
kinds of faeces including human faeces. Sphaerocerids
may abound in decomposer communities such as compost
and manure.
Vinegar Flies or Ferment Flies are a small, yellowish y
(3- 4mm) with distinct red eyes and are commonly seen
around rotting fruit. The Vinegar Fly is not actually a
fruit y as it does not feed on fruit directly, just the yeasts
associated with rotting fruit. They are common in homes
and restaurants and wherever food is allowed to rot and
ferment. With a life cycle of 1 week and the ability to lay
500 eggs, they can become very plentiful very quickly.
TROUBLE SHOOTING - Cont...

Page
RISK ASSESSMENT - OVERVIEW
The Australian Standard for Waterless Composting Toilets (AS/NZS1546.2:2008) requires that a Risk
Management Plan be provided to inform Rota-Loo Operators and Users how to cope with unusual or
emergency situations.
Most of these issues are dealt with in the Operations Manual. This Risk Management Plan contains
additional information and refers to the Operations Manual to demonstrate that a Risk Management
Analysis has been carried out and to provide additional support to operators and users if required.
Design and Operation of Rota-Loo
Inherent in the design of the Rota-Loo are factors that mitigate many of the risks, however it is essential
to understand that some care and maintenance is required. The design of the Rota-Loo intends to ensure
effective composting occurs in most environments with little operator effort (see Page 2 - The Composting
Process for greater understanding), however some occurrences may render the Rota-Loo ineffective.
PLEASE READ THIS OPERATION MANUAL CAREFULLY
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU MAINTAIN THE ROTA-LOO PROPERLY
17
RISK ASSESSMENT
This assessment is based on the criteria set out in AS/NZS 1546.2:2008 Appendix J for WCT deemed to be
acceptable risk.
Inspections by Authorities
The Rota-Loo is a fully contained WCT system that has no need for inspection or maintenance by any
outside agent or authority for safe operation. The design cycle time for waste composting is 12 months so
should an authority require regular inspection, 12 monthly or greater is sufcient.
The Operations Manual contains sufcient information for the operator / user to carry out all servicing and
maintenance tasks and includes a Trouble-Shooting guide to address most unusual situations. The
manufacturers contact details are included on the serial number plate for contact in unknown situations.
Storage of, and access to Uncomposted Material
Being fully self contained, all uncomposted waste is retained inside the Rota-Loo in the controlled aeration
and drainage system until fully composted. All material is held inside the bin / bucket into which it is
deposited and moved only by rotating the turntable, which does not require operator contact with the
waste. The Operations Manual includes instruction to wear gloves when rotating to ensure random
contact with skin is not possible.
Service and maintenance access is by a door on the Rota-Loo. The door is securely tted with catches
and note is made in the Installation Manual that the installer should consider security of access against
unauthorised persons (e.g., small children) in the placement of and access to the Rota-Loo.
Waste is only removed from the Rota-Loo when fully composted and is removed by removing the entire
bin and emptying (instruction to bury as per Regulatory requirements) - with instruction to wear gloves,
even the composted material does not come into contact with persons.
An option noted in the Operation Manual is for the possibility in very high use situations for
additional bins to be purchased to extend the composting time outside the Rota-Loo. In these cases
the rst part of the composting (approx 6 months) will occur in the Rota-Loo controlled environment.
Instruction in the Operations Manual includes the need to store extra bins outside the Rota-Loo for
additional composting time in a at, safe place.
End Product Quality
Rota-Loos have been operating in diverse climates from cold and alpine to tropical for many years
achieving effective composting results and safe end product quality. Records of testing date back to 1975
showing end product quality conforming to AS/NZS 1546.2:2008 standards.

Page
RISK ASSESSMENT Cont...
As part of the Product Certication process, end product tests were carried out on an installation in a
temperate climate (monthly average temperature <12°C for 3 months and relative humidity ~80% for 2
months) under ‘worst case’ (high use, low maintenance) conditions and found end product results
conform with AS/NZS1546.2:2008 standards.
There is a high level of condence that Rota-Loo will deliver safe end product quality in all situations,
provided some operator / user care is taken and instructions are followed.
18
RISK IN UNUSUAL SITUATIONS
The following are “unusual situations” listed in AS/NZS 1546.2:2008 Appendix J that may be considered
to pose a risk to the safe operation of a WCT, together with notes on how these risks are or may be
mitigated. Appendix J, J3, d, e and g are not relevant to the Rota-Loo design.
Transfer of Owner / occupier
If on transfer of ownership the new owner / occupier does not receive information about how to operate
the Rota-Loo they may not attend to it’s operation properly.
Rota-Loo provide with the kit a Wall Poster to be attached near the toilet to inform users of the basic
operational needs of the system. Manufacturer contact details are also provided on the Rota-Loo access
door and serial number plate and the Operations Manual is readily available to anyone who requests it.
Should the new operator / user not learn of the need to attend to the Rota-Loo before a bin overlls,
they will need to address the issue as per “Carousel not turned” below and as addressed in the
Troubleshooting Guide on Page 15.
No Bulking Material is Fed in
While the addition of bulking material is recommended it is not essential for effective composting.
The use of toilet paper and the design to drain the compost pile of moisture is sufcient to ensure
correct composting conditions. The C/N balance may result in less efcient composting, but the design
composting time to sufcient to cope with this - test site for Product Certication veried this.
The Carousel/Turntable is not turned
If the Turntable (Carousel) is not rotated the waste bin will over-ll, which is not good.
The risk to health and safety in this event is mitigated by:
• The top of the bin is very close to the waste chute, so overow of waste to the turntable and ‘tank’
should be minimal before being noticed and rectied.
• The waste chute is long enough so that even if the waste chute starts to ll, the level of waste will be
greater than the minimum required by the Standard.
• The bin is contained within the Rota-Loo so all waste will be contained within the Rota-Loo system.
Should the bin overow, the Rota-Loo will need to be cleaned out carefully. The overow bin will need
to be removed and excess waste can be transferred to the next bin. Any overowed waste solids can
be cleaned out be ushing with water and pumping out the Rota-Loo base (block-off the excess liquid
outlet). It is recommended that this be done by a contracted septic clean out specialist. (This eventuality is
also addressed in the Troubleshooting Guide on Page 15).
The Compost gets too hot
The Rota-Loo design has continuous air ventilation so excess generated heat will be removed preventing
the compost pile retaining excess heat. Should the compost pile get hot, the chimney effect of the
ventilation system will increase air ow and remove more heat.

Page 19
RISK IN UNUSUAL SITUATIONS - Cont...
The Compost gets too cold
Should the compost pile fall below 6°C for an extended period (2-3 months) composting will slow to the
point that it’s retained time may not achieve full composting. This risk is mitigated by:
• The design has natural insulation which helps retain composting heat in cold climates.
• The Installation Instructions stipulates that in cold climates the Rota-Loo must be installed in a solar
collecting area and with further insulation. This allows the system to gain and retain heat to continue
the composting process even in cold periods.
• The Rota-Loo capacity design anticipates 12 months composting time, which in theory will ensure full
composting as low as 2°C (see Figure E1, AS/NZS 1546.2:2008 Appendix E) in with a safety factor of
about 50%.
In the rare event that the composting process has stopped due to low temperature and lack of
compostable material, it can be restarted by adding compostable material and a dose of Bio-Stimulant.
The Compost gets too humid
If the compost gets too humid, (above 70% moisture) the composting process will become anaerobic
which will be noticeable by the odour produced. This event can occur for a number of reasons and is
addressed in the Troubleshooting Guide on Page 15.
It is important to maintain aerobic composting and the Rota-Loo design uses a number of features to
separate and evaporate the liquids from the solids for this purpose. Should the composting become
anaerobic due to excessive liquid (high humidity of the pile) there is no immediate health risk. The odour
will be unpleasant which will encourage rectication. The fan-driven ventilation system will clear any
produced methane.
The Compost is removed too early
This should not occur - the design provides for a factor of safety in time for composting. In the case of
very high use when compost may be removed before the designed 12 months, instructions stipulate
storing in additional bins (Operations Page 13).
The Operations Manual instructs to bury the composted waste when emptying the bin and using
personal protective equipment (Operations Manual page 13) so in the case that composted waste is
inadvertently removed before full composting, there will not be personal contact or signicant health risk.
There is poor drainage of excess liquid
The Rota-Loo ‘tank’ has a signicant liquid capacity (to depth of about 150mm) while still being able to
properly drain the composting material pile.
The Excess Liquid drainage point is signicantly lower than this level. Should a blockage occur in the drain
point, the high liquid level will most likely cause some anaerobic composting which will produce an odour
that will be investigated - dealt with in the Troubleshooting Guide (Page 15)
The Rota-Loo is Flooded
The Rota-Loo is not intended to be installed underground or submerged. In the event of a major ood
event it may be possible that the water level is above the base of the Rota-Loo for a period of time. The
Rota-Loo is designed to be air tight to improve ventilation and will therefore resist ingress of water so in
minor events the waste material should be protected from ooding.
If signicant water does enter the Rota-Loo (to above the turntable deck) the water needs to be
considered contaminated. The sealed design of the Rota-Loo should prevent leakage and thus
contamination of the surrounds but the Rota-Loo must be pumped out by a septic tank specialist and
washed and reset before restarting use.
If the installation is in an area that may experience ooding, consideration should be given to
adequate drainage of the area around if necessary securing the Rota-Loo to prevent oating in a
ood situation (noted in Installation Page 7).