Piper Cherokee Archer II Owner's manual

PILOT'S
OPERATING
HANDBOOK
6''"''''~'~
" ';~IPER CHEROKEE ARCHER II
,l,ft: .....
,
r- '
FAA APPROVED IN NORMAL AND UTILITY,
CATEGORIES B~SED ON CAR 3AND FAR PART 21;
SUBPART J. THIS h1ANDBOOK INCLUDES THE
MATERIAL REQUIRED TO
BE FURNISHED TO THE
PILOT
BY CAR 3AND FAR PART 21, SUBPART J
AND CONSTITUTES THE APPROVED AIRPLANE
FLIGHT MANUAL AND MUST
BE CARRIED IN THE
AIRPLANE
AT ALL TIMES.
AIRPLANE SERIAL NO.
28-7890340,
PA·2B·1Bl
REPORT: VB·790
FAA APPROVED BY:
tJ WI J.. EIJ b..'-,).
WARD EVANS
D.O,A.
NO. SO·l
PIPER AiRCRAFT CORPORATION
VERO BEACH, FLORIDA
AIRPLANE REGISTRATION NO.
__ ~L!!:!N~-N~P~QoL-' _DATE
OF APPROVAL: JUNE lB, 1976
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Aircraft Maintenance Section
HANDBOOK PART NO. 761624

4
WARNING
EXTREME CARE MUST
BE EXERCISED TO LIMIT THE USE OF THIS MANUAL TO
APPLICABLE AIRCRAFT. THIS MANUAL REVISEQ AS INDICATED BELOW OR
SUBSEQUENTLY REVISED IS VALID FOR USE WITH THE AIRPLANE IDENTIFIED ON THE
FACE OF THE TITLE PAGE WHEN OFFICIALLY APPROVED. SUBSEQUENT REVISIONS
SUPPLIED BY PIPER
AIRCRAFT CORPORA TlON MUST BE PROPERLY INSERTED.
MODEL PA-28-181,
CHEROKEE ARCHER II
PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK, REPORT: VB-790 REVISION
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORA TION \. ,: (/ /) A, /l U; !t'if'
APPROVAL SIGNATURE AND STAMP IV- ,/C~.L-'-(L]jJ,,-,/r;,-,,-U-L=~'@:J=- _
,
Published hy
PUBLICA nONS DEPARTMENT
Piper Aircraft
Corporation
Issued: June 18. 1976
REPORT: VB-790
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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REPORT: VB-790
v

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APPUCABIUTY
Application
of this handbook is limited to the specific"iper PA-28-181 model airplane designated by
serial number and registration number on the face
of the title page of this handbook.
This handbook cannot be used for operational purposes unless kept in acurrent stams.
REVISIONS
The information compiled in the Pilot's Operating Handbook will be kept current by revisions
distributed to the airplane owners.
Revision material will consist
of information necessary to update the text of the present handbook
and/or to add information to cover added airplane equipment.
I. Revisions
Revisions will be distributed whenever necessary
as complete page replacements or. additions and shall
be inserted into the handbook in accordance with the instructions given below:
I. Revision pages will replace only pages with the same page number.
2. Insert all additional pages in proper numerical order within each section.
3. Page numbers followed by asmall
letter shall be inserted in direct sequence with the same
common numbered page.
II. Identification
of Revised Material
Revised text and illustrations shall be indicated by ablack vertical line along the outside margin
of the
page, opposite revised, added or deleted material. Aline along the outside margin of the page opposite the
page number will indicate that an entire page was added.
Black lines will indicate only currentrevisions with changes and additions to or deletions of existing
text and ilIustrations.'Changes in capitalization, spelling, punctuation or the physical location of material
on apage will not be identified by symbols.
ORIGINAL PAGES ISSUED
The original pages issued for this handbook prior to revision are given below:
,
Title, ii through v, I-I through 1-14,2-1 through 2-8,3-1 through 3-12, 4-1 through 4-16,5-1 through
5-28,6-1 through 6-52, 7-1 through 7-26, 8-1 through 8-16, 9-1 through 9-14,10-1 through 10-2.
iii

PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS
CUTTent Revisions to the PA-28-181 Cherokee Archer II Pilot's Operating Handbook, REPORT: YB-790
issued June 18, 1976
Revision Revised FAA Approval
Number and Pages Description
of Revision Signature and
Code
Date·
Rev. I -761 624
2-1 Revised "Never Exceed Speed" KIAS value.
(PR760804)
2-2 Revised Airspeed Indicator Markings.
WcJvJ.. ~
6-i Revised report number at bottom of page.
6-41 Revised Arm and Moment for item 177. Ward Evans
6-43 Revised items 193, 195 and 197. August 4, 1976
Rev. 2 -
761624 3-4 Revised Open Door procedure.
(PR770120)
3-11
Revised para. 3.27 info.
4-7 Added Caution to para. 4.9; relocated material
to page 4-8.
4-8 Added relocated material from page 4-7.
4-14 Added Note
to para. 4.31.
4-15 Revised stall speed in para. 4.35.
5-4 Revised wording in para. 5.5 (c).
5-6
Revised fuel quantity figure in para. 5.5 (g).
5-23 Revised 55% &
75% range figures in Fig. 5-25.
6-4 Added A&Bvalues
to Fig. 5-1.
6-5
Revised weight and balance formula.
6-21 Added Weight, Arm and Moment to item 29 a.;
added item 29 b.; changed existing item 29 b.
to
29 c.
6-35 Revised item 79 Arm and Moment.
6-37 Revised item 115 Dwg. 99002-5
to -8 and item
117 Dwg. 99003-5 to -7.
6-44 Revised footnote.
6-48 Revised item 257b. Arm and Moment.
WrvJ, fl',;",.....
7-21
Added info to para. 7.25.
10-1 Revised 1O.3(c); relocated material to page 10-2. Ward Evans
10-2 ,Added relocated material from page 10-1. Jan. 20, 1977
Rev. 3 -
761624
1-6
Corrected to "Meteorological."
(PR770225) 3-11 Revised NOTE.
4-4 Revised Hot Start procedure. -
4-9 Revised 4.13 (b). .
Wa.J<-J. 6..em.
6-4 Revised beveling Diagram illustration.
6-49 Revised
Dwg. Nos. of items 287 and 289.
Ward Evans
7-25 Added ELT test info. Feb.
25,1977
':1-
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REPORT: YB-790
iv
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PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont)
Revision Revised FAA Approval
Number and Pages Description
of Revision Signature and
Code .Date
Rev. 4 - 761 624 1-3
Added new propeller to I. 5and added footnote.
(PR770712) 1-11,1-12, Revised section
I. 21, Conversion Factors.
1-13,1-14
2-2 Added, new propeller to 2.7, item mand added
footnote.
4-4
Revised Starting With External Power Source.
4-9 Revised item 4.13 (d) Starting Engine With
,~. ..'
Ex'ternal Power Source.
4-10 Added CAUTION.
5-9 Revised page nos.; revised titles; added pages;
added figures.
5-19 Added ser. nos.
~-20
Relocated Fig. 5-19 to page 5-21; added new
,. '.
chart (Fig. 5-18).
5-21
Relocated Fig. 5-21 to page 5-23; added re-
located Fig. 5-19; added ser. nos.
5-22 Relocated. Fig. 5-23 to page 5-25; added new
chart (Fig..s.20). .
5-23 Relocated Fig. 5-25 to page 5-27; added
re-
located Fig. 5-21; added ser. nos.'
5-24 Relocated Fig. 5-27 to page 5-29; adde4 new
chart (Fig. 5-22).
5-25 Relocated Fig. 5-29 to page 5-30; added
reo
located Fig. 5-23; added ser. nos. ,
.' .:5-26 Relocated Fig.
5-31 to page 5-31; added new
'" .....
chart (Fig. 5-24).
.,
,
5-27 Relocated Fig. 5-33 to page 5-32; added
reo
located Fig. 5·25; added ser. nos.
5-28 Relocated Fig. 5-35 to page 5-33; added new
chart (Fig. 5-26).
5-29 Added page (added relocated Fig. 5-27). •
$-30 Added page (added relocated Fig. 5-29).
5-31
Added page (added relocated-Pig. 5-31).
5-32 Added page (added relocated Fig. 5-33).
.5-33 Added page (added relocated Fig. 5-35).
..
5-34 Added page (int. blank).
6-17 Added item 3. .
6-33 Added items 76 and 77. .
6-45
Ad~ed item 223; renumbered items; re-
,-
located item. ,
6-46 Added relocated items; renumbered items;
added new items; relocated items; removed .
footnotes; added footnote.
6-47 Added relocated items; renumbered items;
added new items; relocated items;,added
",-"
footnote.
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REPORT: ya.790
iv-a

FAA Approval,"
Signature and i
Date'i
Description of Revision
Revised
Pages
PILOTS OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont)
Revision
Number and
Code
1/ .'
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Rev. 4 -761624
(PR770712)
(cant)
648
648a
648b
649
6-50
7-1
,.7-18
Added relocated items; renumbered items;
added new items; revised item 277;
relocated items; added footnotes.
Added page (added relocated items and
new item).
Added page.
Renumbered items; revised items
325 and
329. '
Renumbered items; revised item 349.
Added new propeller model to para. 7.5.
Revised alternate static source description
in para.
7.'2 I.' ,;: ..
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Ward EV8hS
July:12,f;i977
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REPORT: VB-790
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PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont)
Revision
FAA Approval
Number and Revised Description
of Revision I . Signature and
Code Pages
o' Date.
Rev. 6 - 761 624 1-6 Revised para. 1.19.
(PR 790228) 1-12,
I-B
Revised para. 1.21.
6-1
Revised para. 6.1.
6-33
Renumbered existing items 75, 76, 77 to 74, 75,
76; added new items 77 and 78.
6-37 Revised item
lB.
6-41
Added item 178.
(JQ,1J~
7-10 Revised para. 7.15.
7-11
Revised para. 7.15.
Ward Evans
7-24 Revised para. 7.37. Feb. 28, 1979
Rev. 7 -
761 624
6-48 Revised item 279.
~~
(PR790413) 6-48a Added item 280.
Ward Evans
7-24, 7-25
Revised para. 7.37. April 13, 1979
Rev. 8 -
761 624
III
Revised applicability. .
(PR80052:1)
1-3 Revised para. 1.3.
1-4
Revised para. 1.11.
2-2 Revised para. 2.7.
2-3 Revised para. 2.11.
2-4 Revised para. 2.13.
3-i Added para. 3.28.
3-4 Added
Carburetor Icing.
3-11 Added para. 3.28.
4-i Renumbered para.; added para. 4.28.
4-5 Added descent info.: moved info. to
pg. 4-6.
4-6 Relocated info. from pg. 4-5.
4-13 Added para. 4.28.
4-14 Conti. para. 4.28.
I
5-1
Added warning.
5-3-5-6 Revised para. 5.5.
5-18 Revised fig. 5-15.
5-25. Revised fig. 5-23.
5-26 Revised fig. 5-24.
5-27 Revised fig. 5-25. -
5-28 Revised
fig. 5-26.
c::
5-29 Revised fig. 5-27.
5-30 Revised fig. 5-29.
5-31
Revised fig. 5-31.
6-1
Revised para. 6. I.
6-3 Added caution.
6-14 Revised Fig. 6-15.
6-19 Revised item I
I: added item 17.
6-37 Added item
122: moved items 129 and
131 to
pg. 6-38.
REPORT: VB-790
iv-c

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Revision Revised
FAA Approval
Number and Description of Revision
Signature and
Code
Pages
Date
Rev. 8 - 761 624 6-38
Relocated items 129 and 131 from pg. 6-37.
(PR800523) 6-40
Relocated items 169thru 177 from pg. 6-41: Revised
(cont)
items 173 and 175.
6-41
Moved items 169 thru 177 to pg. 6-40:
added item 180: relocated item 183 from pg. 6-42.
LJ &'
6-42
Moved item 183 to pg. 6-41.
~' ~....,.,...
7-1
Revised para. 7.5.
7-10 Revised
para. 7. '13.
Ward Evans
8-11 Revised
para. 8.19.
May 23, 1980
10-2
Added para. (j).
Rev. 9 - 761 624 vRevised
Table of Contents
(PRH40330) 1-3
Revised para. I.7
1-6. Revised
para. I. 19
1-7
2-1
Revised para. 2. I
2-2 Revised
para. 2.7
3-i Revised
Table of Contents
3-1
Revised para. 3. I
4-i Revised
Table of Contents
4-3. Revised
para. 4.5
4-5.
4-6
4-H
Added Note
4-12
Added Note
4-14 Revised
para. 4.29
4-15
Move para. 4.31 from 4-14
6-1
Revised para. 6. I
6-3 Revised
para. 6.3
6-6 ,RC\'ised
para. 6.5
6-7 Revised
Fig. 6-5
6-9. Revised
Fig. 6-7
6-10
6-17 Revised
para. 6.9 -
7-11
Added Caution
,
7-22 Revised
para. 7.31
H-3
Revised para, 8.3
H-4
Revised para. H.5
H-II Revised
para. 8.21
H-Ila.
Added new page
8-llb
9-13
Revi'ed Sec. 3(a)
WoJE..~
10-i Revised
Ta ble of Contents
10-1.
Changed Sec. Title
Ward Evans
10-2
March 30. 19H4'
-
REI'ORT: VB-790
iv-d

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
No. Page No .
(
. 1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.11
1.13
1.15
1.17
1.19
1.21
Introduction. . . . , I-I
Engines ...... ........................ ............
., 1-3
Propellers ....................................... ., 1-3
Fuel . , 1-3
Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1-3
Maximum Weights .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1-4
Standard Airplane Weights. .............................. .. 1-4
Baggage Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1-4
Specific Loadings ........................ . , 1-4
Symbols, Abbreviations and Tenninology .......... . , 1-5
Conversion Factors ,1-11
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REPORT: VB-790
1-1

PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
PA·28·181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II
1.1 INTRODUCTION
SECTION I
GENERAL
SECTION 1
GENERAL
This Pilot's Operating Handbook
is designed for maximum utilization as an operating guide for the
pilot. It includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by C.A.R. 3and FAR Part 21, Subpart I.
It also contains supplemental data supplied by the airplane manufacturer. .
This handbook
is not designed as asubstitute for adequate and competent flight instruction,
knowledge
of current airworthiness directives, applicable federal air regulations or advisory circulars. It is
not intended to be aguide for basic flight instruction or atraining manual and should not be used for
operational purposes unless kept in acurrent status.
Assurance that the airplane is in an airworthy condition is the responsibility
of the owner. The pilot in
command
is responsible for determining that the airplane is safe for flight. The pilot is also responsible for
remaining within the operating limitations as outlined by instrument markings, placards, and this
handbook.
Although the arrangement
of tItis handbook is intended to increase its in·fiight capabilities, it should
not be used solely as an occasional operating reference. The pilot should study the entire handbook to
familiarize himself with the limitations, performance, procedures and operational handling characteristics of
the airplane before fiight.
The handbook has been divided intonumbered (arabic) sections, each provided with a"finger-tip" tab
divider for quick reference. The lintitations and emergency procedures have been placed ahead
of the
normal procedures, performance and other sections to provide easier access to information that may be
required in flight. The "Emergency Procedures" Section has been furnished with ared tab divider to
present an instant reference to the section. Provisions for expansion of the handbook have been made by
the deliberate omission of certain paragraph numbers, figure numbers, item numbers and pages noted as
being left blank intentionaUy.
,
ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REPORT: VB-790
1-1
{

SECTION I
GENERAL
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
PA-28-181,
CHEROKEE ARCHER II
170.0
30.0
tip)
IT 6.20"
L1
f----10' 0.00" ,I
------ 12' 10.41" ._~
'-.
11)2'jOO"
Wing Area (sq. ft.)
Min. Turning Radius
(ft.)
\
(from pivot point to wing
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I
II
IIIII
5' LlG"
--.....:::
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V
I
35' 0,00"
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f--------13' 9.60"
THREE VIEW
Figure
I-I
REPORT: VB-790
1-2 ISSUED:
JUNE 18,1976
•
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PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORA11ON
PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II
1.3 ENGINES
(a) Number
of Engines
(b) Engine Manufacturer
(c) Engine Model Number
(d) Rated Horsepower
(
e) Rated Speed (rpm)
(f) Bore (inches)
(g) Stroke (inches)
(h) Displacement (cubic inches)
(i) Compression Ratio
(j) Engine Type
SEClION I
GENERAL
I
Lycoming
0-360-A4A
or 0-360-A4M
180
2700·
5.125
4.375
361.0
8.5: I
Four Cylinder, Direct Drive,
Horizontally Opposed, Air Cooled
I
Sensenich
76EM8S5-0-60*
or 76EM8S5·0-62
**
2
76
76
Fixed Pitch
50
48
100/130 Green
100/130 Green
Refer to latest issue
of
Lycoming Instruction No. 1070.
8
Refer to latest issue of
Lycoming Service Instruction IO14.
(c) Oil Viscosity per Average Ambient Temp. for Starting
(I) Above 60°F
(2) 30°F to 90°F
(3) OaF to 70°F
(4) Below 10°F
*Serial nos: 28-7790001 through 28-7790607.
"Serial nos. 28-789000Iand up.
ISSUED:
JUNE 18, 1976
REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984
SINGLE
S.A.E.50
S.A.E.40
S.A.E.30
S.A.E.20
MULTI
S.A.E.
40 or 50
S.A.E.40
S.A.E. 40 or 20W-30
S.A.E. 20W-30
REPORT: VB-·790
1-3

SECTION I
·GENERAL PIPER AIRCRAFT CORrORATION
PA-28-I81, CHEROKEE ARCHER n
--------------------------_ .. ""-----"""-------
1.11 MAXIMUM WEIGHTS
(a) Maximum Takeoff Weight (lbs)
(b) Maximum Landing Weight (lbs)
(c) Maximum Weights in Baggage Compartment
1.13 STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHTS'
(a) Standard Empty Weight (lbs): Weight of a
standard airplane including unusable fuel,
full operating fluids and full oil.
(b) Maximum Useful Load (lbs): The difference
between the Maximum Takeoff Weight and
the Standard Empty Weight.
1.15 BAGGAGE SPACE
(a) Compartment Volume (cubic feet)
(b) Entry Width (inches)
(c) Entry Height (inches)
1.17 SPECIFIC LOADINGS
(a)
Wing Loading (lbs per sq ft)
(b) Power Loading (lbs per hp)
,
NORMAL
2550
2550
200
UTILITY
2130
2130
o
1416
1134
24
22
20
15.0
14.2
"These values are approximate and may vary from one aircraft to another. Refer to Figure 6-5 for the
Standard Empty Weight value and Useful Load value to be used for
e.G. calculations for the aircraft
specified.
REPORT: VB-790
1-4
ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976
REVISED: MAY 23,1980 •
j

PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
PA-28-I81, CHEROKEE ARCHER
II
1.19 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
SEctiON I
GENERAL
The following definitions are
of symbols, ,~"bbreviati"ns and terminology used throughout the
handbook and those which may be
of added operatiOl;-al significance to the pilot.
(a) General Airspeed Terminology and Syrnbols
flf""
CAS
KCAS
GS
lAS
KIAS
M
TAS
Calibrated Airspeed means
the indicated speed of an aircraft,
corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is
equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere
at sea level.
Calibrated Airspeed expressed in "Knots."
Ground Speed is the speed of an airplane relative to the ground.
Indicated Airspeed is the speed
of an aircraft as shown on the
airspeed indicator when corrected for instrument error. lAS values
published in this handbook assume zero instrument error.
Indicated Airspeed expressed in
"Knots."
Mach Number is the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound.
True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane relative to undisturbed
air which is the CAS corrected for altitude, temperature and
compressability.
VA
V
FE
VNE/MNE
,VNO
Vs
VS
O
Vx
Vy
Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which application of
full available aerodynamic control will not overstress the airplane.
Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible
with wing flaps in aprescribed extended position.
Never Exceed Speed or Mach Number
is the speed limit that may
not be exceeded at any time.
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed
that should not
be exceeded except in smooth air and then only with caution.
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight s~eed at which the
airplane is controllable.
.stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the
airplane is controllable in the landing configuration.
Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers
the
greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal
distance.
Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers the
greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible time.
•
<.
ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976
REPORT: VB·7~
1-5

SECll0N I
GENERAL
(b) Meteorological Terminology
ISA
OAT
Indicated Pressure
Altitude
Pressure Altitude
Statiqn Pressure
Wind
REPORT: VB-790
1-6
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
PA-28-18I, CHEROKEE ARCHER II
International Standard Atmosphere in which:
The air
is a dry perfect gas:
The temperature at sea level is 15° Celsius (59° Fahrenheit);
The pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches hg. (1013.2 mb):
The temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude at which
the temperature is -56.5° C(-69.7° F) is -0.00198° C
(-0.003564° F) per foot and zero above that altitude.
Outside Air
Temperature is the free air static temperature,
obtained
either from inflight temperature indications or ground
meteorological sources, adjusted for
instrument error and
compressibility effects.
The
number actually read from an altimeter when the barometric
subscale has been set to 29.92 inches
of mercury (1013.2 millibars).
Altitude measured from standard sea-level pressure
(29.92 in. Hg)
by apressure or barometric altimeter. It is the indicated pressure
altitude corrected for position and instrument error. In this
handbook, altimeter instrument errors are assumed to be zero.
Actual atmospheric pressure at field elevation.
The wind velocities recorded
as variables on the charts of this
handbook are to be understood as the headwind or tailwind
components of the reported winds.
,
ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976
REVISED:
MARCH 30, 1984
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PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II
('
(c) Power Tenninology
Takeoff Power
Maximum Continuous
Power
Maximum Climb Power
Maximum Cruise Power
(d) Engine Instruments
EGTGauge
SECfION 1
GENERAL
Maximum power pennissible for takeoff.
Maximum power permissible continuously during flight.
Maximum power permissible during climb.
Maximum power pennissible during cruise.
Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge
(e) Airplane Perfonnance and Flight Planning Tenninology
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(
Climb Gradient
Demonstrated Crosswind
Velocity
Accelerate-Stop Distance
Route Segment
ISSUED:
JUNE 18, 1976
REVISED: MARCH30. 1984
The demonstrated ratio
of the change in height during aportion of
aclimb, to the horizontal distance traversed in the same time
interval.
The demonstrated crosswind velocity
is the velocity of the
crosswind component for which adequate control of the airPlane
during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated during
certification tests.
The distance required to accelerate an airplane to aspecified speed
and, assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is
attained, to bring the airplane to astop.
A
part of aroute. Each end of that part is identified by: (I) a
geographical location;
or (2) apoint at which adefmite radio fix
can be established.
,
REPORT: VB-790
1-7

SECTION 1
GENERAL PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
I'A-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER n
----------,..---------'-----------
(I) Weight and Balance Terminology
Reference Datum
Station
Arm
Moment
Center
of Gravity
(e.G.)
C.G. Arm
e.G. Limits
Usable Fuel
Unusable Fuel
Standard Empty Weight
Basic Empty Weight
Payload
Useful Load
Maximum Ramp Weight
Maximum Takeoff
Weight
Maximum Landing
Weight
Maximum Zero Fuel
Weight
REPORT: VB-790
1-8
An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are
measured for balance pUIposes.
Alocation along the airplane fuselage usually given
in terms of
distance from the reference datum.
The horizontal distance from the reference datum
to the center of
gravity (e.G.) of an item.
The product of the weight of an item multiplied by its ann.
(Moment divided by aconstant is used to simplify balance
calculations
by reducing the number of digits.)
The
point at which an airplane would balance if suspended. Its
distance from the reference datum is found
by dividing the total
moment by the total weight of the airplane.
The arm obtained by adding the airplane's individual moments and
dividing the sum by the total weight.
The extreme center
of gravity locations within which the airplane
must be operated at agiven weight.
Fuel available for Ilight planning.
Fuel remaining after arunout test has been completed in
accordance with governmental regulations.
Weight
of astandard airplane including unusable fuel, full
operating fluids and full oil.
Standard empty weight plus optional equipment.
Weight
of occupants, cargo and baggage.
Difference between takeoff weight, or ramp weight if applicable,
and basic
empty weight.
Maximum weight approved for ground maneuver. (It Includes
weight
of start, taxi and run up fuel.)
,
Maximum weight approved for the start of the takeoffrun.
Maximum weight approved for the landing touchdown.
Maximum weight exclusive
of usable fuel.
ISSUED:
JUNE 18, 1976
)

(
ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976
REVISED: JULY 12,)977
REPORT: VB,790
1-11

SECTION IPIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
:iENERAL PA-28-ISI, CHEROKEE ARCHER n
\HJLTlI'LY
BY
TO OBTAIN MULTIPLY llY
TO OBTAIN ,
-----
?1
feet per second 0.6818 mph hectares (ha) 2.471 acres
([t./sec.) 1.097 km/hr. 107639 sq. ft.
30.48 em/sec. 10000
m'
0.5921 kts. horsepower (hp) 33000 ft.-Ib./min.
foot-pounds (ft.-lb.) 0.1383255 m-kg 550 ft.-Ib./sec.
3.24 X
10" kg-cal 76.04 m-kg/sec.
1.014 metric
hp
foot-pounds per 3.030 x 10"
hp
minute (ft.-Ib./min.) horsepower, metric
75
m-kgfsec.
0.9863 hp
foot-pounds per 1.818 x
10" hp
second (ft.-Ib./sec.) inches (in.) 25.40 mm
2.540 em
gallons, Imperial 277.4 cu. in. 0.0254 m
(Imperial gal.) 1.201 U.S.
gal.
0.08333 ft.
4.546 I0.027777 yd.
-)
gallons, U.S. dry
268.8
Cll. in. inches
of mercury 0.033421 aim
(U.S.
gal. dry) 1.556 x
10.
1cu. ft. at 0
°C (in. Hg) 0.4912 Ib./sq. in.
1.164 U.S. gal. 70.73 Ib./sq. ft.
4.405 I345.3
kg/m'
2.540
cmHg
\_~.
gallons, U.S. liquid
231
cu. in. 25.40
mmHg
(U.S. gal.) 0.1337 cu. ft.
4.951 x10" cu. yd. inch-pounds (in.-Ib.) 0.011521 m-kg
3785.4
em'
3.785 x10"
m'
kilograms (kg) 2.204623 lb.
3.785 I35.27 oz. avdp.
0.83268 Imperial
gal.
1000 g
128 fl. oz. kilogram
-<:alories
3.9683 BTU
gallons per acre 9.353
I/ha
(kg-cal) 3087 ft.-lb.
(gal./acre) 426.9 m-kg
grams (g) 0.001
kg
kilograms per cubic 0.06243 Ib./cu. ft.
0.3527 oz. avdp.meter
(kg/m')
0.001
g/cm'
.,
2.205 x10 lb. kilograms per 0.892 Ib./acre
grams per cen timeter
0.1
kg/m hectare (kgfha)
(g/cm) 6.721 x
10"
Ib./ft. ,
5.601 x 10.
3Ib./in. kilograms per square 0.9678 atm
oentimeter
(kg/em')
28.96
in. Hg
f(rJms per cuhic 1000 kf(/m' 14.22
II1./S(I. in.
ccntimcter (gfcm')
0.03613 Ib./cu. in.
2048 Ib./sq. ft.
62.43 Ib./cu. ft.
REPORT: VB-790
1-12 ISSUED: JUNE 18,
1976
REVISED: JULY 12, 1977
)