PLIDCO CLAMP+SLEEVE User manual

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PLIDCO®CLAMP+SLEEVE
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
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PLIDCO – The Pipe Line Development Company
www.plidco.com | [phone] | [email protected]
11792 Alameda Drive, Strongsville, OH 44149

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The Pipe Line Development Company
11792 Alameda Drive • Strongsville, Ohio 44149
Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
Toll Free: 1-800-848-3333
web: www.plidco.com • e-mail: [email protected]
PLIDCO®CLAMP+SLEEVE
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
!! WARNING!!
IMPROPER SELECTION OR USE OF THIS PRODUCT CAN RESULT IN
EXPLOSION, FIRE, DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE
AND/OR HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
Do not use or select a PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve until all aspects of the application are thoroughly analyzed.
Do not use the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve until you read and understand these installation instructions. If
you have any questions, or encounter any difficulties using this product, please contact PLIDCO.
READ CAREFULLY
The person in charge of the repair must be familiar with these instructions and communicate them to all
personnel involved in the repair crew.
Safety Check List
Pipeline repairs can be made with the pipeline in operation or shutdown.
Read and follow these instructions carefully. Follow your company’s safety policy and applicable
codes and standards. If the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is to be installed underwater, be sure to read
the Underwater Installation section.
Whenever a PLIDCO product is modified in any form including adding a vent or changing seals
by anyone other than the Engineering and Manufacturing Departments of The Pipe Line
Development Company or a PLIDCO certified repacking company, the product warranty is voided.
Products that are field modified do not have the benefit of the material traceability, procedural
documentation, quality inspection and experienced workmanship that are employed by The Pipe
Line Development Company.
Clamp+Sleeves are designed to fit size-on-size. Verification of the pipe outside diameter
should be performed prior to installing a PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve. The fitting may have
difficulty properly fitting onto oversized piping and may have difficulty properly gripping
undersized pipe.
A PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve may be used as a structural clamp to couple pipe ends. Verify the end
restraint is sufficient to resist hydrostatic and, if applicable, dynamic and external forces such as
thermal induced forces.
Observe the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) and temperature on the label of the
PLIDCO product. Do not exceed the MAOP or temperature as indicated on the unit.

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Be absolutely certain that the correct seal material has been selected for the intended use.
Contact PLIDCO or an authorized PLIDCO distributor if there are any questions about the seal
compatibility with the pipeline chemicals and temperatures.
The PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve may be operated at the full design pressure in its bolted (non-welded)
state.
When repairing an active leak, extreme care must be taken to guard personnel. Severe injury or
death could result.
During the Pipe Preparation and Installation procedures, those installing the PLIDCO
Clamp+Sleeve must wear, at minimum, Z87+ safety eyewear and steel toe safety footwear.
If the pipeline has been shut down, re-pressuring should be done with extreme caution. Re-
pressuring should be accomplished slowly and steadily without surges that could vibrate the
pipeline and fitting. Industry codes and standards are a good source of information on this subject.
Do not exceed the design pressure of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve. Personnel should not be
allowed near the repair until the seal has been proven.
Pipe Preparation
1. Remove all coatings, rust and scale from the pipe surface where the circumferential seals and
clamping sections of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve will contact the pipe. A near-white finish, as noted
in SSPC-SP10 / NACE No.2, is preferred at location where the seals contact the pipe. The cleaner
the pipe surface, the more positive the seal.
2. Where the circumferential seals and clamping sections will contact any pipe welds, the welds in this
vicinity must be ground flush with the outside diameter of the pipe.
3. Circumferential pipe welds within the circumferential seals do not need to be ground flush as long
as the weld height does not exceed 3/16 inch (4.7 mm) (see Figure 1).
Figure 1
4. The seal can tolerate minor surface irregularities up to ± 1/32 inch (0.8 mm). The defective surfaces
can be rendered suitable for sealing by applying a suitable epoxy such as Belzona 1161 and sanding
or filing the surface to match the required outer diameter.
Note: Epoxy may only be applied to the area where the seals will land. It is not intended to rebuild
the pipe wall to the nominal OD or to repair large sections of exterior corrosion.

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5. A PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is capable of sealing on out-of-round pipe up to approximately 5% ovality.
This is based on the ability of the bolting to reshape the pipe. For very thick wall pipe the bolting
may not be able to reshape the pipe. Badly out-of-round pipe may require a different length PLIDCO
Clamp+Sleeve to ensure the circumferential seal are positioned on round pipe.
6. A PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is not capable of reshaping flattened or dented pipe.
Lifting & Handling
When not being moved or transported on a pallet, PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves should always be lifted,
transported, or installed using the installed lifting eyes as shown in Figures 2 & 3. All Clamp+Sleeves
that exceed 50 lbs. per half or are too heavy to move and install by hand are provided with lifting eyes
on each half. Longer fittings are provided with two lifting eyes as shown in Figure 3. If two lifting eyes
per half are provided, both lifting eyes are required to lift the fitting. Chains, hooks, shackles, or straps
suitable for the weight of the fitting(s) shall be used, and must be securely inserted through the lifting
eyes.
The lifting eyes are designed to support the weight of a fully assembled Clamp+Sleeve. The lifting eyes
are installed on both halves of the fitting, and should be used to maneuver or lower Clamp+Sleeve onto
the pipeline.
Vertical installations or installations that require special rigging due to space, obstructions, or location
may require additional lifting eyes to be added in locations other than shown in Figures 2 & 3. These
can be added prior to ordering or sent back to a PLIDCO manufacturing facility to be added by PLIDCO
personnel.
Note: Careless handling can damage the seals and GirderRings (seal retainers). Lifting devices such as
chains, cables, or straps should never contact the seals or GirderRings. Never lift the fitting by
inserting the forks from a fork lift inside of the fitting. Contact on the seals or GirderRings can result
in the seals being pulled from their grooves. (See Figure 4)
Figure 2 Figure 3

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Figure 4
Installation
This section defines the general procedure for installation of a PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve.
1. If the two sleeve halves were shipped as an assembled unit it would have been shipped with spacers
between the two halves to prevent damage to the longitudinal seals and ends of the circumferential
seals. Typically, small diameter nuts are used for the spacers. The spacers must be removed and
discarded before installing the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve. Failure to remove the spacers will prevent
proper compression of the seals and clamping sections.
2. Coat all exposed surfaces of the seals with a lubricant. Table 1 lists the lubricants that are
recommended for the various seals. The customer must determine if the lubricant is compatible
with the product in the pipeline. Lubricant is not recommended for underwater installations or for
braided packing. Refer to the section on Underwater Installations.
Petroleum based lubricants
= A
Silicone based lubricants
= B
Glycerin based lubricants
= C
Super Lube® Grease (1)
= D
Temperature (2)
Buna-N
A, B, C, D
225°F (107°C)
Viton
A, B, C, D
250°F (121°C)
Silicone
C, D
300°F (149°C)
Neoprene
B, C, D
250°F (121°C)
Aflas
A, B, C, D
225°F (107°C)
Hycar
A, B, C, D
180°F (82°C)
1) Super Lube® Grease is a product of Synco Chemical
Corporation. (www.super-lube.com)
2) Temperature limit is for the seal material only and does not
imply the pressure rating is necessarily applicable at this limit.
Table 1: Approved Lubricants

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3. Clean and lubricate all studs and nuts, and prove free and easy nut running prior to the installation.
Lubricant is not recommended for underwater installations. Refer to the section on Underwater
Installations.
Note: The type of lubricant will dictate the torque value per the PLIDCO torque chart on the last
page.
4. Assemble the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve around the pipe making sure the yellow painted ends are
matched and that the fitting is centered over the leak and/or damaged area as much as possible.
At no point should the leak/damaged area be closer than ½” from the circumferential seals. Try to
avoid having any leak spraying directly onto the longitudinal seals.
Most Clamp+Sleeves will have two different stud lengths for the sealing area. The longer studs are
used to help draw the sleeve together. For PLIDCO fittings with 3 holes per side in the seal area,
insert the longer studs in the center holes. For PLIDCO fittings with more than 3 holes per side in
the seal area, insert the longer studs in the four corner holes.
Sometimes it is helpful to loosely assemble the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve to one side of the leak then
reposition it centered over the leak.
5. Torque all of the studs and nuts on the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve uniformly, using the Torque Values
for Sealing Section in the PLIDCO Torque Chart for Clamp+Sleeve located on the last page. The
actual fitting may have more or less bolts. The best results are obtained by maintaining an equal
gap all around between the sidebars while tightening the studs. Ensure there is full nut engagement
by maintaining a minimum of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) of stud extending beyond the nut. The sequence
for torquing the studs and nuts will be similar to the numerical pattern of Figure 5, and will be
executed repeatedly as follows:
•1st time- Hand tight or 10% of the minimum torque value to bring the 2 halves together
•2nd time - 50% torque.
•3rd time- 100% torque.
Figure 5

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6. Note that the studs in the clamping section are tightened to a higher torque value than the studs in
the sealing section.
7. Torque the studs and nuts of the clamping sections uniformly, as indicated by the Torque Values
for Clamping Section in the PLIDCO Torque Chart for Clamp+Sleeve located on the last page.
Note that the sidebars in the sealing section are gapped approximately 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) or less
when the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is fully tightened. The gap between the side bars in the clamping
section is typically greater than the sealing section and is dependent on pipe size. The sequence
for torquing the studs and nuts will be similar to the numerical pattern of Figure 6, and will be
executed repeatedly as follows:
•1st time - 75% torque.
•2nd time- 100% torque.
Figure 6
To complete assembly, ALL studs should be rechecked at the recommended torque. Torque all
studs in a circular pattern at 100% torque all studs and nuts are unable to continue spinning. Keep
in mind; an increase in torque on one stud can cause a decrease in torque on neighboring studs.
Note: The torque values listed on the PLIDCO Torque Chart represent residual torque. The initial
torque value may need to be slightly higher due to bolt relaxation. Applicable industry methods
should be used to verify bolt preload. Rechecking of torque is recommended at 4 and 24 hours
after installation.
8. If the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is being used to join pipe ends, the allowable gap between the pipe
ends is dependent on the internal length between circumferential seals of the PLIDCO
Clamp+Sleeve. The pipe ends must extend past the circumferential seals by approximately 1½
inches (38 mm) as shown in Figure 7. A standard PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve has a straight bore which
does not allow for angular misalignment of the two pipe ends.

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Figure 7
Hinged Clamp+Sleeve Installation
This section defines the general procedure for Clamp+Sleeve Installation on a horizontal pipe. Vertical
or angled pipe installations may require additional lifting devices, and/or a different hinge design and
operation.
1. Orient the Clamp+Sleeve and remove all studs and nuts as shown in Figures 8 & 9.
2. Attach shackles to the lifting eyes. Smaller fittings typically only have lifting eyes in the center of
the shell as shown in Figure 8. Larger diameter fittings have additional lifting eyes on an angle as
shown in Figure 9. For larger diameter fittings, the angled lifting eyes are to be used during
installation with hinges.
Figure 8 Figure 9
3. Attach properly sized rigging such as chains, cables, or straps to a single point crane attachment.
The rigging should be sufficiently long enough that the rigging doesn’t interfere with opening and
closing of the fitting as shown in Figure 10.

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4. Lift the fitting up from the single point crane attachment. The Clamp+Sleeve will open up as shown
in Figure 10.
5. Position the fitting over the pipeline and slowly lower the fitting onto the pipeline as shown in Figure
10. The inside of the fitting should come in contact with the pipeline, and the fitting will start to close
as it is lowered. Some fittings may require some additional side force to close the fitting around the
pipe. Keep all body parts clear of the inside of the fitting at all times as the fitting is being lowered
onto the pipe. This is to ensure safety in the event the that the fitting slams closed rapidly.
6. Once the fitting is wrapped around the pipe, insert the studs through the bolt holes and thread on
the nuts as shown in Figure 11. Proceed to tighten the studs and nuts per these installation
instructions.
Figure 10 Figure 11
Sealant Injection
Sealant Injection is not required for a PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve to achieve a leak tight seal provided the
sleeve was installed with elastomer seals, was installed per this installation instructions, and the
temperature and pressure of the pipeline are within the design limitations of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve.
However, PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves are capable of being injected with sealant, grout, hardenable epoxy,
or similar substance. Please note: Clamp+Sleeves Installed with braiding style packing such as Kevlar,
Graphite, or Teflon require sealant injection in order to seal.
In-order for standard Clamp+Sleeves to be injected with sealant, the fitting must come from the factory
with a minimum of one vent in each half. For fittings without vents, please contact PLIDCO or an
authorized representative for options to add vents on existing fittings.
The Clamp+Sleeve must be installed and fully tightened prior to injecting sealant.
Please see IP-033, PLIDCO Sealant Injection Instructions, for additional information for injecting sealant.
CLAMP+SLEEVE
CLAMP+SLEEVE

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Re-pressuring and Field Testing
If the pipeline has been shut down, re-pressuring should be done with extreme caution. Re-pressuring
should be accomplished slowly and steadily without surges that could vibrate the pipeline or produce a
sudden impact load. Industry codes and standards are a good source of information on this subject.
Except for testing purposes, do not exceed the design pressure of the PLIDCO fitting. The PLIDCO
fitting is designed to be tested up to 1½ times its design pressure. However, PLIDCO recommends
following API Recommended Practice 2201, Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in
Service, Section 6.5. The test pressure should be at least equal to operating pressure of the line or
vessel, but not to exceed internal pressure by 10%. This is meant to avoid possible internal collapse of
the pipe or vessel wall. However, if prevailing conditions could cause collapse of the pipe or pressure
walls, the test pressure may be reduced. (See API Standard 510 Section 5.8 for pressure testing
precautions.) Personnel should not be allowed near the repair until the seal has been proven.
Field Welding Instructions
Welding is not a requirement for the pressure sealing ability of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves.
The issue of welding is dependent on your company’s requirements, applicable codes, and if
longitudinal loads need to be carried by the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves
!! WARNING!!
Failure to follow field welding instructions could result in explosion, fire, death, personal injury,
property damage and/or harm to the environment.
All of the aspects for in-service welding of PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves are not addressed by this
document. ASME PCC-2, API 1104 Appendix B, ASME Section IX, PRCI L52047, PRCI Hot Tap®
Model, and other industry information pertaining to in-service welding must be considered when
planning in-service welding. Refer to IP-019, Welding Considerations for additional information.
It is recommended that the pipeline should be full and under flow.
Welders and weld procedures should be qualified in accordance with API Standard 1104, Welding of
Pipelines and Related Facilities, Appendix B, In-Service Welding. We strongly recommend the use of a
low hydrogen welding process such as GMAW or SMAW using low hydrogen electrodes (E-XX18)
because of their high resistance to moisture pick-up and hydrogen cracking. These are also the preferred
welding processes for seal welding the studs and nuts. SMAW electrodes must be absolutely dry.
Use weld material with equal or greater tensile strength than the pipe. Carefully control the size and
shape of the circumferential fillet welds. The size of the fillet weld should be at least 1.4 times the wall
thickness of the pipe. This assumes a 1.0 joint efficiency. You may need to select a different joint
efficiency based on your level of inspection. Strive for a concave faced fillet weld, with streamlined
blending into both members; avoid notches and undercuts. The smoother and more streamlined the
weld, the greater the resistance to fatigue failure. The worst possible shape would be a heavy reinforced
convex weld with an undercut. Improper weld shape can lead to rapid fatigue failure, which can cause
leakage, rupture or an explosion with attendant serious consequences.
It is very important that the field welding procedure closely follow the essential variables of the qualified
procedure so that the quality of the field weld is represented by the mechanical tests performed for the
procedure qualification.
We do not recommend the use of thermal blankets for pre-heating. Thermal blankets can generate hot
spots and reduce the ability of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve to dissipate welding heat in the vicinity of the
seals. We recommend a small torch, such as a cutting torch, being careful not to aim the flame directly

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into the gap between the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve and the pipe towards the seals. The flame from a
preheat torch is helpful in burning off oils and other contaminates. Do not use a large torch, commonly
called a rosebud, because of the difficulty controlling the size of the area being preheated.
Monitor the heat generated by welding or preheating, particularly near the area of the seals, by using
temperature crayons or probe thermometers. If the heat generated approaches the temperature limit of
the seal material, which is indicated on the label, welding should be discontinued or sequenced to another
part of the fitting so that the affected area has a chance to cool.
Seal welding the grade B-7 studs of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is the most difficult phase of field
welding. They are made of AISI 4140 steel with a high carbon equivalence. By using a low hydrogen
welding process with preheat, the problem of hydrogen cracking and pinholes can be reduced. The
preheat will dry out any moisture, oil dampness or thread lubricant that may be present in the weld area.
If the stud lengths need to be cut back, allow at least 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) of stud beyond the nut for the
fillet weld. Preheat the stud and nut, and then weld the nut to the stud. Check the preheat and then weld
the nut to the sidebar.
WELDING AFTER A CONSIDERABLE TIME LAPSE AFTER THE INITIAL INTALLATION
PLIDCO recommends that if the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is to be welded, the welding be completed as
soon as possible after the installation; as conditions permit. Welding at a significantly later date relies
heavily on whether proper installation procedures were followed and the compatibility of the elastomeric
gaskets with the product in the pipeline.
After the installation of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve there is no meaningful test that can be performed to
determine the condition of the gaskets or the remaining service life the gaskets. There are many
variables that can affect the condition of the gaskets over which PLIDCO has no control.
If the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve is to be welded at a significant time lapse from the installation, the follow
precautions should be followed:
1. The PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve must be closely inspected for any leakage that may have developed.
2. The studs and nuts should be retightened per the recommended torque value.
3. If possible, the pressure in the line should be reduced.
4. Some flow in the line is still required to dissipate the welding heat to prevent damage to the
elastomeric seals.
5. Following the recommended welding practices as listed under Field Welding Instructions.
Welding Sequence
Caution should be observed so that welding does not overheat the seals. Sequence the welding so that
the heat is not concentrated in one area. It will be necessary to re-torque the studs and nuts periodically
during field welding because weld contraction causes them to loosen.
1. Fillet weld ends to pipe. (See Figure 12)
2. Seal Weld side openings.
3. Re-torque studs and nuts.
4. Seal weld nuts to studs.
5. Seal weld nuts to sidebars.
6. Seal weld vent plugs, if applicable.

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Figure 12
Storage Instructions
PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves should be stored in a dry environment to prevent the unpainted surfaces from
rusting. Storage temperatures should not exceed 120°F (49°C). Cover with dark polyethylene to keep
the direct sunlight from the seals. It is best to exclude contamination, light, ozone, and radiation.
Improperly stored PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves can cause the seal material to become cracked and brittle
and lose its ability to seal.
Traceability
PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeves have a unique serial number by which the fitting is fully traceable. Additionally,
all elastomer seals have a unique batch number by which the seal material is traceable.
Recommended Inspection Schedule
1. After the pipeline is re-pressurized and field tested (see Re-pressuring and Field Testing for
precautions) the torque values should be checked again 4 hours after installation. Then, the torque
values should be checked again 24 hours after that.
2. It is recommended that if the product is not being welded, that torque striping be applied from the
nuts to the sidebar of the PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve so any loosening of the bolts can be visually seen
during an inspection.
3. 6 months after installation it is recommended that a visual inspection occurs that checks for visible
signs of leakage, bolt/nut loosening, and general wear or corrosion.
4. After the 6-month inspection occurs, a yearly visual inspection is recommended that checks for
visible signs of leakage, bolt/nut loosening, and general wear or corrosion.
Clamp+Sleeve
Pipe wall
Seal
Fillet weld
Side
openings

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Underwater Installation
WARNING!
When assembling a PLIDCO Clamp+Sleeve product under water (or submerged in any liquid) it is
possible to build up thousands of pounds of pressure in the annulus between the fitting and the pipe.
The pressure is caused by compressing the fluid trapped in the annulus as the two fitting halves are
closed and tightened. The pressure trapped in the annulus may have the following effects:
The pressure rating of the split product is exceeded causing leakage or damage to the fitting.
The pipe on which the fitting is installed is damaged.
Personal injury or death due to subsequent removal of a vent plug.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The Pipe Line Development Company strongly recommends the following for all underwater installations:
1. Order or procure fittings with vents.
2. Leave the vents open during installation.
Additionally, the Pipe Line Development Company does not recommend using a lubricant on the seals
or on the stud and nut threads. This is to prevent sand, gravel, or debris from sticking to the lubricant
and possibly interfering with sealing and/or obtaining accurate torque reading on the stud bolts.

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PLIDCO Torque Chart for Clamp+Sleeve
Nominal
Diameter
of Stud
(inches)
(see Note 2)
Wrench
Opening
Across
Flats
(inches)
Torque Values for
Sealing Section
(Note 1)
Torque Values for
Clamping Section
(Note 1)
0.15 Cf
0.15 Cf
ft-lbs
Nm
ft-lbs
Nm
25,000 psi pre-stress
52,500 psi pre-stress
5/8
1-1/16
56
76
118
160
3/4
1-1/4
98
133
206
280
7/8
1-7/16
156
212
328
446
1
1-5/8
233
316
490
664
1-1/8
1-13/16
342
464
719
975
1-1/4
2
480
651
1000
1370
1-3/8
2-3/16
651
883
1400
1860
1-1/2
2-3/8
857
1160
1800
2440
1-5/8
2-9/16
1110
1490
2300
3120
1-3/4
2-3/4
1390
1890
2900
3970
1-7/8
2-15/16
1730
2350
3600
4930
2
3-1/8
2120
2870
4400
6030
2-1/4
3-1/2
3050
4140
6400
8700
2-1/2
3-7/8
4230
5740
8900
12000
23,000 psi pre-stress
47,500 psi pre-stress
2-3/4
4-1/4
5220
7080
10800
14600
3
4-5/8
6890
9340
14200
19300
3-1/4
5
8800
11900
18200
24600
3-1/2
5-3/8
11000
15000
22800
30900
3-3/4
5-3/4
13600
18500
28100
38200
4
6-1/8
16600
22500
34300
46500
18,800 psi pre-stress
37,500 psi pre-stress
4-1/4
6-1/2
16300
22100
32500
44100
4-1/2
6-7/8
19400
26300
38700
52500
4-3/4
7-1/4
22900
31000
45600
61900
5
7-5/8
26700
36300
53300
72300
5-1/4
8
31000
42100
61900
83900
5-1/2
8-3/8
35700
48400
71200
96600
5-3/4
8-3/4
40900
55400
81500
110600
6
9-1/8
46500
63000
92800
125800
Studs: ASTM A193 Grade B7 - Nuts: ASTM A194 Grade 2H
Note 1: The torque values listed are residual torque value. This is the torque value and residual stress
after bolt relaxation. The studs and nuts must be clean, free running, free of obvious flaws. The
values listed assume that the nuts are properly lubricated with a lubricant having an
approximate coefficient of friction (µ) 0.15 or k factor of 0.19 such as light weight machine oil. If
a lower coefficient of friction lubricant is used, such as graphite, please contact PLIDCO’s
Engineering department for appropriate torque values.
Note 2: The second number is the pitch, which is shown in number of threads per inch.
Note 3: Use the pre-stress value shown for the applicable stud size if bolt tensioners are to be used
and follow the bolt tensioner manufacturer’s instructions.
Note 4: This chart is also to be used for all PTFE (Teflon) coated studs.

SPANISH INSTRUCTIONS
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