Quasonix Compact RDMS User manual
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Quasonix, Inc.
Copyright Quasonix, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Installation and Operation Manual
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
Quasonix, Inc.
6025 Schumacher Park Dr.
West Chester, OH 45069
06 November 2014
Revision 2.1.2
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
iQuasonix, Inc.
Table of Contents
1Introduction............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Description...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Nomenclature ..............................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Options ....................................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 Detailed Option Descriptions...................................................................................................2
1.2.3 Band Configurations................................................................................................................5
2Specifications.........................................................................................................................................2
3Installation Instructions ..........................................................................................................................4
3.1 Mechanical...................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Thermal........................................................................................................................................1
3.3 Electrical......................................................................................................................................1
4Operating Instructions............................................................................................................................4
4.1 Power-on Operation.....................................................................................................................4
4.2 Stored Parameters.......................................................................................................................4
4.3 RDMS Serial Control Protocol.....................................................................................................5
4.3.1 Tier 0 (PCM/FM), Tier I (SOQPSK-TG), and Tier II (Multi-h CPM) Commands .....................7
5Performance Specifications.................................................................................................................20
5.1 DC Input.....................................................................................................................................20
5.2 RF Frequency Error...................................................................................................................20
5.3 Bit Error Rate.............................................................................................................................20
5.4 Synchronization.........................................................................................................................21
5.4.1 RF Input.................................................................................................................................23
6IF Module.............................................................................................................................................25
7Maintenance Instructions.....................................................................................................................30
8Product Warranty.................................................................................................................................31
9Technical Support and RMA Requests ...............................................................................................32
10 Appendix A – Bit Error Rate Testing................................................................................................33
11 Appendix B – Pinouts for Optional 37 Pin Connector......................................................................37
12 Appendix C – Detailed Output Control (OC) Command Settings....................................................39
13 Appendix D – Phase Noise Compensation......................................................................................41
13.1 Trellis Demodulation Basics ......................................................................................................41
13.1.1 Trellis Demodulation Summary.........................................................................................42
13.2 Phase Noise Impact...................................................................................................................43
13.3 Clock Jitter Impact.....................................................................................................................43
13.4 When to Use PNC .....................................................................................................................43
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13.5 Know Your Transmitter..............................................................................................................44
14 Appendix E – Factory Reset Values ................................................................................................45
15 Appendix F – Acronym List..............................................................................................................49
List of Figures
Figure 1: Receiver Types and Options .........................................................................................................1
Figure 2: RDMS™ in 4.00” x 3.00” x 1.00” Compact Housing......................................................................5
Figure 3: MDM-15 Pin Numbers ...................................................................................................................1
Figure 4: Baseband Signal Timing................................................................................................................2
Figure 5: RDMS™ Welcome Message.........................................................................................................6
Figure 6: BER Performance for Tier 0, I, and II ..........................................................................................21
Figure 7: Synchronization Time at Various Signal-to-Noise Ratios............................................................22
Figure 8: 70 MHz IF Module in 2” x 3” Chassis...........................................................................................25
Figure 9: 70 MHz IF Module in 2” x 3” Chassis SAW Filter Responses, Narrow Group (10 MHz Span)...26
Figure 10: SAW Filter Responses, Wide Group (Plotted on 100 MHz Span).............................................27
Figure 11: Optional SAW Filter Responses for 70 kHz to 6 MHz...............................................................28
Figure 12: Optional SAW Filter Responses for 14 MHz and 28 MHz.........................................................29
Figure 13: Optional 37-Pin Numbers ..........................................................................................................37
Figure 14: Ideal PCM/FM Phase Tree (h = 0.7)..........................................................................................41
Figure 15: Phase Trajectory Never Forgets................................................................................................42
Figure 16: Trellis Detection Gain with Zero to Minimum Phase Noise .......................................................42
Figure 17: Trellis Detection Gain with Significant to Severe Phase Noise.................................................43
Figure 18: "Clean" Eye Pattern...................................................................................................................44
List of Tables
Table 1: Model Configuration Example.........................................................................................................2
Table 2: Band Configuration Codes..............................................................................................................5
Table 3: MDM-15 Pin Assignments ..............................................................................................................1
Table 4: Default Modulation Start Up............................................................................................................4
Table 5: Stored Parameters..........................................................................................................................4
Table 6: Standard and Optional User Commands........................................................................................7
Table 7: RDMS BER Specifications............................................................................................................20
Table 8: Band Configuration Codes............................................................................................................23
Table 9: Bit Error Rate Serial Commands...................................................................................................33
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iii Quasonix, Inc.
Table 10: Optional 37-Pin Assignments......................................................................................................37
Table 11: QPSK Factory Reset Values.......................................................................................................45
Table 12: PCM/FM Factory Reset Values ..................................................................................................46
Table 13: SOQPSK Factory Reset Values .................................................................................................47
Table 14: Multi-h CPM Factory Reset Values.............................................................................................48
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
1Quasonix, Inc.
1 Introduction
1.1 Description
This document describes the installation and operation of the Quasonix Compact RDMS™ Telemetry Receiver. The
RDMS™ (Receiver / DeModulator / bit Synchronizer) is designed to demodulate RF signals in several formats:
PCM/FM (ARTM Tier 0)
SOQPSK-TG (ARTM Tier I)
Multi-h CPM (ARTM Tier II or ARTM CPM)
Legacy (PSK) suite, including
BPSK
QPSK
Asymmetric QPSK (AQPSK) Requires -37 option
Asymmetric Unbalanced QPSK (AUQPSK) Requires -37 option
Offset QPSK (OQPSK)
Unbalanced QPSK (UQPSK)
Digital PM
The RDMS™ provides true trellis demodulation in ARTM Tier 0, Tier I, and Tier II modes, delivering BER
performance within 0.2 dB of theory. It also provides a clock signal (two clock signals in the AQPSK and AUQPSK
modes), obviating the need for any outboard bit synchronizer.
The RDMS™ is manufactured by:
Quasonix, Inc.
6025 Schumacher Park Drive
West Chester, OH 45069
CAGE code: 3CJA9
1.2 Nomenclature
The RDMS™ is available in a number of variations, depending on the options specified at the time of order. The
features and modes installed in each unit are identified in the model number, as depicted in Figure 1.
- Q
Compact RDMS™ Part Numbering Example
A15
Frequency
Band Code
(Refer to
band table)
QSX-RDMS 1
Standard
Prefix
Channels
1: 1 RF input, 1 baseband output
2: 2 RFI/Ps, 2 bbnd O/Ps (no combiner)
3: 2 RF I/Ps, 3 bbnd O/Ps (incl. combiner)
-EQ
Options, separated
by hyphens
(example Adaptive
Equalizer)
0 1 1 1 0
PCM/FM
SOQPSK*
Le gacy
Mode
1: Yes
0: No
*SOQPSK-TG
*SOQPSK-LDPC
*SOQPSK-STC
ARTMCP M
-00
Pinout
Receiver/
Demodulator/
Synchronizer
Extended
Tuning:
1: Yes
0: No
-
Chassis
A15: 15-pin MDM Male TTL O/Ps
A37: 37-pin MDM Male TTL O/Ps
C15: 15-pin MDM Male 422 O/Ps
C37: 37-pin MDM Male 422 O/Ps
-
Figure 1: Receiver Types and Options
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
2Quasonix, Inc.
1.2.1 Options
The available options include:
14 14 SAW filter option (Adds 70 kHz, 1.4, 3, 6, 14, and 28 MHz filters)
8F Eight-way clock and data multiplexer (requires 37-pin connector)
DR Double rate SOQPSK-TG (46 Mbps)
EN Ethernet Payload
EQ Adaptive Equalizer
ET Extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C)
K7 K7 Viterbi Decoder (k=7, rate 1/2)
WV Wide voltage operating range (15 VDC - 35 VDC)
For example, a model QSX-RDMS-1-A15-Q0-1110-00-EQ is configured as follows:
Table 1: Model Configuration Example
Identifiers Description
QSX Quasonix product
R Receiver / Demodulator / Bit Synchronizer
DMS Demodulator / Bit Synchronizer
1 Channels
A15 15-pin MDM Male TTL Outputs
Q Frequency band code
0 No Extended Tuning
1110 Tier 0 present, Tier I present, Tier II present,
Legacy (PSK) absent
00 Pinout
EQ Adaptive Equalizer option
1.2.2 Detailed Option Descriptions
1.2.2.1 SAW Filter Option – 14
This option adds additional SAW filters, for a total of 14. Additional filters are 70 kHz, and 1.4, 3, 6, 14, and 28
MHz.
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1.2.2.2 Eight-way Clock and Data Multiplexer – 8F
Normally, the three clock and data streams available on the MDM-37 are Clock and Data A (the primary), Clock
and Data B (the secondary for asynchronous PSK modulations), and Clock and Data C (what would normally be the
primary for the combiner channel in a rack mount configuration).
The 8F option allows the user to designate what information comes out on these pins by way of an eight-way
multiplexer (MUX). (Though there are a total of four pairs of clock and data, there are only enough pins to allow
access to three pairs in the compact configuration.) This makes it possible for the information from the primary
Clock and Data to be copied to the secondary and tertiary set of outputs, giving the user three simultaneous copies of
the information.
The 8F option also requires the -37 option to be installed on the receiver.
1.2.2.3 Double Rate - DR
The DR option provides double-speed SOQPSK-TG (46 Mbps). This option extends the standard upper bit rate limit
from 23 Mbps to 46 Mbps
1.2.2.4 Ethernet Payload - EN
When the EN option is enabled, all transmitted clock and data signals are serialized Ethernet packets.
1.2.2.5 Adaptive Equalizer - EQ
The Adaptive Equalizer option in the Quasonix receiver improves reception in multipath channels by using digital
signal processing to compensate for the signal distortion due to multipath. This option is compatible with standard
telemetry applications and installations and it works with any brand of transmitter.
Multipath fading can seriously degrade the quality of wireless telemetry data. Radio transmissions can reflect off of
the airframe or other objects and arrive at the receiving antenna with different time delays, carrier phases, and
relative strengths. The sum of these multiple transmission paths can produce serious distortion and signal fading
resulting in poor data quality and long periods of data outage. Contrary to most situations, increasing the transmit
power will not improve the link quality and may actually make the situation worse. Narrowing the beamwidth of the
antenna may help eliminate some of the reflections and reduce the overall fading and distortion, but constraints on
dish size and antenna tracking performance impose beamwidth limits.
Another solution is to mitigate the effects of the multipath channel by applying a filtering operation at the receiver
that effectively undoes the distortion caused by the channel, thereby 'equalizing' the received signal. Since the
transmitter is typically moving relative to the receiver, the RF propagation environment dynamically changes over
time requiring the equalizer to 'adapt' to continually combat the perceived channel distortion. The 'adaptive
equalizer' automatically calculates and applies a compensating filter to the received signal that restores its ability to
be recovered by a traditional telemetry detector.
1.2.2.6 Extended Temperature - ET
The ET option specifies an extended operating temperature range (-40°C to +85°C).
1.2.2.7 Viterbi Decoder (for Legacy PSK Only) - K7
The K7 option (k=7, rate 1/2) enables Viterbi decoding of a convolutionally encoded data stream, which converts it
back to the original (uncoded) source data stream.
Convolutional encoding adds redundant information to the transmitted data stream to help detect and correct bit
errors that may occur, particularly due to predominantly Gaussian noise. Use of convolutional encoding requires a
matching Viterbi decoder in the receiver to extract the source data. The decoded data rate is half the encoded data
rate.
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
4Quasonix, Inc.
The receiver has two independent decoders, one for in-phase (“I”) data and one for quadrature (“Q”) data. For
BPSK, only a single decoder is used. Each decoder is compatible with the convolutional encoding described in the
“Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, Recommendation for Space Data System Standards, TM
Synchronization and Channel Coding, CCSDS 131.0-B-1, Blue Book, September 2003, Section 3.”
1.2.2.8 Wide Voltage – WV
This option specifies a wide voltage operating range (15 VDC - 35 VDC).
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1.2.3 Band Configurations
Band configuration codes are listed in Error! Reference source not found.. Two additional band codes are described in section 1.2.3.1.
Table 2: Band Configuration Codes
PLower L Upper L C
200.0
400.0 1150.0
1415.0
1 4 35 .5 1 5 34 . 5
1585.0 1650.0
1750.0 1850.0
1855.0
4400.0 5150.0
5250.0
S
2185.0
2200.0 2394.5
2500.0
BaseBaseBaseBaseBase
Extended
ExtendedExtendedExtended
Extended
Freq. Code
A
C
E
F
G
H
L
M
P
Q
R
S
U
W
X
Y
Z
Legend:
Frequency Gap
Standard (Base) Frequency Range
Extended Frequency Range (available by selecting Extended Tuning = 1 in part number)
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
1Quasonix, Inc.
1.2.3.1 Additional Band Codes
Two additional band codes are available:
Band Code 7: 70 MHz standard range, 0.5 MHz-20 MHz, 70 MHz extended range
Band Code T: 2025.0 MHz to 2110.0 MHz standard range
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
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2 Specifications
Characteristic Specification
Receiver Section
Type Dual-conversion superheterodyne
Input RF Frequency Refer to Table 2
Tuning resolution Tunes in 62.5 kHz increments, to the 70 MHz IF output, after the 70
MHz IF output, receiver tunes in increments of less than 1 Hz
Frequency stability 1 ppm over temperature
1 ppm per year aging
Reference oscillator 20 MHz
Noise figure 3.5 dB (typical), 5 dB (maximum)
LO phase noise, measured at 70 MHz IF output -115 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset
Maximum RF input +20 dBm (+10 dBm for C-band)
Available gain (to 70 MHz IF output) 114 dB
Gain control 128 dB control range; User selectable: AGC or MGC (AGC freeze)
AGC time constant Adjustable, 0.1 ms to 1000 ms
First IF bandwidth 60 MHz (nominal)
IF rejection > 90 dB
Image rejection 70 dB
RF input impedance 50 ohms
Second IF Section
IF frequency 70 MHz
IF output level 0 dBm nominal (AGC mode)
IF output impedance 50 ohms
IF bandwidths
250 kHz, 500 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4.5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz.
Automatic selection based on data rate, with manual override
Optional: 70 kHz, 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 6 MHz, 14 MHz, 28 MHz
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Demodulator Section
Demodulator type
ARTM Tier 0 (PCM/FM), ARTM Tier I (SOQPSK-TG), ARTM Tier II (Multi-
h CPM)
Legacy suite: Analog FM, BPSK, QPSK, Offset QPSK (OQPSK),
Asymmetric QPSK (AQPSK), Unbalanced QPSK (UQPSK), Asymmetric
Unbalanced QPSK (AUQPSK), Digital PM
Bit Rates
Tier 0: 24 kbps to 23 Mbps in 1 bps steps
Tier I: 100 kbps to 46 Mbps in 1 bps steps
Tier II: 1 Mbps to 46 Mbps in 1 bps steps
Legacy: 25 kbps to 20 Mbps in Analog FM, 50 kbps to 10 Mbps in BPSK,
50 kbps to 20 Mbps in QPSK in 1 bps steps
Synchronization time(Average, at BER = 1e-5) Tier 0: 250 bits, Tier I: 385 bits, Tier II: 2,800 bits
Synchronization threshold
Tier 0: -8.0 dB Eb/N0; RF Input (dBm): -118.0 (1 Mbps), -108.0 (10 Mbps)
Tier I: -6.0 dB Eb/N0; RF Input (dBm): -116.0 (1 Mbps), -106.0 (10 Mbps)
Tier II: -7.0 dB Eb/N0; RF Input (dBm): -117.0 (1 Mbps), -107.0 (10 Mbps)
Sensitivity (BER = 1e-5)
Tier 0: 8.6 dB Eb/N0; RF Input (dBm): -101.4 (1 Mbps), -91.4 (10 Mbps)
Tier I: 11.2 dB Eb/N0; RF Input (dBm): -98.8 (1 Mbps), -88.8 (10 Mbps)
Tier II: 13.0 dB Eb/N0; RF Input (dBm): -97.0 (1 Mbps), -87.0 (10 Mbps)
Bit Synchronizer Section
Input codes NRZ-L/M/S, BIФ-L/M/S
Output codes NRZ-L/M/S, BIФ-L/M/S
Data and clock out TTL or RS-422
Lock detector out TTL
RSSI Single 0 – 3.3 VDC, 2 MHz bandwidth (-37 option required)
Video out Dual wideband outputs, DC to 35 MHz (-37 option required)
Environmental Section
Operating Temperature -20°C to +70°C
Non-operating Temperature -40°C to +85°C
Operating Humidity 0 to 95% (non-condensing)
Vibration 20 G, 5 Hz to 2 kHz (all axes)
Acceleration 100 G (all axes)
Shock 100 G pk, half-sine, 5 ms (all axes)
Altitude Up to 100,000 ft.
Physical Section
Size / Weight 4.00” x 3.00” x 1.00” / 11 oz.
Connectors
RF input: SMA female
IF output: SMA female
Baseband: MDM-15 or MDM-37 (-37 option)
Power 28 VDC ± 4 VDC, 750 mA typical
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
4Quasonix, Inc.
3 Installation Instructions
3.1 Mechanical
The Compact RDMS™ is designed to be mounted by eight (8) 6-32 screws through the holes along the front and
back edges, as depicted in Figure 2 on the following page.
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
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Figure 2: RDMS™ in 4.00” x 3.00” x 1.00” Compact Housing
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
1Quasonix, Inc.
3.2 Thermal
It is important that the RDMS™be kept within its specified operating range of -40°C to +70°C. At maximum bit
rates, the unit dissipates approximately 20 watts. At normal ambient room temperatures, a small fan blowing across
the top cover is adequate. Higher ambient temperatures will require more airflow and/or a finned heat sink on the
cover.
3.3 Electrical
The RDMS™has three external connectors, an MDM-15 male for all baseband interfaces, a female SMA connector
for the RF input, and a second female SMA connector for an IF output. Note that first generation hardware did not
include the IF output. The pin numbering and wiring for the MDM-15 male connector is shown in Figure 3. Refer to
Appendix B for optional 37 pin information.
Figure 3: MDM-15 Pin Numbers
Table 3: MDM-15 Pin Assignments
Position Signal Description
1 +28 VDC Primary 28 VDC power to module
2 Ground Primary power return, 2 amps maximum;
Internally tied to pins 3, 6, and 10
3 Ground Primary power return, 2 amps maximum;
Internally tied to pins 2, 6, and 10
4 Clock Out Primary LVTTL clock output, Clock+ for RS 422
output
5 Data Out Primary LVTTL data output, Data+ for RS 422
output
6 232 Ground Ground return for RS-232 control lines; Internally
tied to pins 2, 3, and 10
7 Demod Lock Out 3.3 volt TTL lock detector output for all modes
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Position Signal Description
8 RS 232 Tx Output RS-232 responses to host controller
9 +28 VDC Primary 28 VDC power to module
10 Ground Secondary power return, 2 amps maximum;
Internally tied to pins 2, 3, and 6
11 Power ON Power on reset pin; Temporarily grounding this
pin is equivalent to power cycling the module
12 Clock Return Ground for LVTTL outputs, Clock- for RS 422
outputs
13 Data Return Ground for LVTTL outputs, Data- for RS 422
outputs
14 Ones Detect LVTTL signal use for sync time testing
15 RS 232 Rx Input RS-232 commands from host controller
By default, the output data is valid on the falling edge of the clock, as shown in Figure 4. The polarity of the output
clock may be inverted by use of the “CP 1” command described below.
Figure 4: Baseband Signal Timing
Compact RDMSTM Telemetry Receiver
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The 70 MHz IF output on the second SMA connector, labeled “IF OUT”, is provided for troubleshooting purposes.
The IF is resistively coupled from the input of the demodulator. Therefore, the signal level on the IF output should
be within 2 dB of the demodulator’s input.
The IF output must have a 50-ohm load at all times. Therefore, if it is not connected to external test equipment, then
the 50-ohm terminator that comes installed on the port must remain attached.
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4 Operating Instructions
4.1 Power-on Operation
When the receiver is powered up, the integral demodulator defaults to a particular modulation mode, which is based
on the configuration of the unit. The modulation mode priority is outlined in Table 4.
Table 4: Default Modulation Start Up
Startup Order Modulation
1 Legacy PSK
2 PCM/FM (Tier 0)
3 SOQPSK (Tier I)
4 Multi-h CPM (Tier II)
4.2 Stored Parameters
The following parameters are stored in the unit’s nonvolatile flash memory. The descriptions and default values are
listed in Table 5. As with the Quasonix part number ordering method, parameters are typically stored in binary
format. That is, “1” designates the feature is enabled, “0” designates the feature is disabled.
Table 5: Stored Parameters
Parameter Name Description Default Value
Bit Rate 24 kbps - 40 Mbps depending on mode 1 Mbps
Clock Polarity 1 or 0, denoting clock polarity inverted or
not, respectively 0 (inversion OFF)
Data Polarity 1 or 0, denoting data polarity inverted or
not, respectively 0 (inversion OFF)
De-Randomizer 1 or 0, denoting derandomizer ON or
OFF, respectively 0 (de-randomizer OFF)
Differential Decoding 1 or 0, depending on whether differential
decoding is ON
This is only meaningful for SOQPSK-TG
modulation. Note: IRIG 106-04 stipulates
the use of differential encoding, so
operation without differential encoding is
only possible with a demodulator
operating in a “non-IRIG 106” mode.
1 (differential decoding ON)
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Parameter Name Description Default Value
Frequency This is the desired frequency of the
receiver in MHz. 1450.5 MHz, 1800.5 MHz, or
2370.5 MHz for Lower-L
band, Upper-L band, or S
band, respectively
1450.5 MHz for tri band
4675.0 MHz for C band
Modulation This is the modulation method used.
Value of 0-10
Options are:
0 - PCM/FM
1- SOQPSK
2 - MHCPM
3 - BPSK
4 - QPSK
5 - AQPSK
6- AUQPSK
7 - OQPSK
8 - UQPSK
9 - DPM
10 - FM
QPSK, if it exists
If not, then PCM/FM
If not, then SOQPSK
If not, then MHCPM
Modulation Index
Tracking* In PCM/FM mode only
Allows Trellis demodulator to
automatically detect and adjust to
Modulation Indices not at ideal 0.7
A (Auto Tracking)
*Note: If the user cannot guarantee that the transmit source is a new generation, digitally synthesized transmitter,
the receiver should be left in Tracking mode. Failure to do so will cause the receiver to fail to acquire improperly
deviated signals altogether. All tracking loops are already optimized for fastest synchronization, and should not be
adjusted in any way.
If the user knows for sure that the transmit source is digitally synthesized, the tracking should be set to Off, for the
minimum acquisition time.
4.3 RDMS Serial Control Protocol
The Compact RDMS™ is controlled via a simple three-wire serial interface (transmit, receive, and ground).
Configure your controller’s serial port to the following settings:
Baud rate of 115,200
8 bits
No parity
1 stop bit
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For setup and configuration via a standard Windows-based PC, Quasonix recommends the application called
Terminal, a flexible, full-featured control interface that is included in the RDMS Product CD. Otherwise, one can
use HyperTerminal, included with the standard Windows installation (Start -> All Programs -> Accessories ->
Communications -> HyperTerminal).
When power is applied to the receiver, the welcome message, shown in Figure 5, displays.
Initializing...
downconverter init...
Quasonix Demod/Receiver Interface
IRIG-106 Release 07
6025 Schumacher Park Drive
West Chester, Oh 45069
(513) 942-1287
www.Quasonix.com <http://www.Quasonix.com>
CAGE CODE: 3CJA9
FPGA Revision: 0x3132 0x0000
PSK FW Revision: 2.0.043 7/29/2008
PSK>
Figure 5: RDMS™ Welcome Message
All commands are one or two alphabetic characters, followed by 0, 1, or 2 arguments. If the command is issued with
arguments, there must be a space after the alphabetic characters. The commands are not case sensitive.
All commands generate a response of one or more lines. The length of the response depends on the verbosity level
(set by the VL command). The last response line is always the currently selected mode (PCM/FM, SOQPSK, CPM,
or PSK), followed by the character “+” or “>”, depending on the version of the firmware. This prompt signifies that
the RDMS is ready to accept new characters.
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