Qvidium QVENC4K 4K/UHD HEVC/AVC User manual

QVidium®TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
QVENC4K™ 4K/UHD HEVC/AVC
Streaming Internet Video Encoder
For Live Internet Streaming and Professional Video
Applications
Model: #QVENC4K
User Manual v.2
September 19, 2023
Application Firmware Version 34.59.14
2023 QVidium®Technologies, Inc.
San Diego, CA 92130
Phone [phone] • e-mail: [e-mail]

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Table of Contents
1Introduction.............................................................................................................3
1.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................3
1.2 Accessing the Network Interface ..............................................................4
1.3 Dashboard and System Menu ....................................................................4
1.4 Network Setup ................................................................................................6
1.5 Reconfiguring and Resetting Network Settings ....................................8
1.6 Ping and Traceroute .....................................................................................8
1.7 Passwords and Security ............................................................................11
1.8 Updating ........................................................................................................11
1.9 System View –QVENC4K ..........................................................................12
1.10 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION –PLEASE READ ....................14
2 Encoder Configuration .......................................................................................15
2.1 Quickstart Encoder Configuration ..........................................................16
2.2 Detailed Encoder Configuration ..............................................................18
2.3 QVidium ARQ Video Transport & Error Correction ............................24
2.4 Additional Protocol-Specific Parameters ..............................................26
3 Encoder Operation ..............................................................................................27
3.1 Starting and Stopping the Encoder .......................................................27
4 CodecManager & System Reset......................................................................28
4.1 CodecManager.............................................................................................28
4.2 Resetting the Network Parameters........................................................28
4.3 Resetting the System Configuration .....................................................28
4.4 Resetting the Password............................................................................29
4.5 Command-Line Interface...........................................................................29
5 Built-in Firewall ....................................................................................................30
6 Troubleshooting & Support ..............................................................................31
6.1 Troubleshooting –Common Problems .......................................................31
6.2 Support ............................................................................................................34
7 Appendices ...........................................................................................................35
7.1 Appendix A: Encoder Configuration Parameters ......................................35
7.2 Appendix B: Video Encoder™ Bitrate Limits .............................................37
7.3 Appendix C: Hints for Minimizing Bitrates ..................................................38
7.4 Appendix D: Technical Specifications ........................................................39
7.5 Appendix E: Product Warranty Terms and Conditions ............................42
7.6 Appendix F: FCC Notice ..............................................................................43
QVidium provides the capability to inter-operate with most Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). As
a result, the QVENC4K can send to a CDN in one of four common protocols, SRT, RIST,
RTMP/RTMPS and HLS. These capabilities are described in Chapter 2. This feature allows the
QVENC4K to interoperate with large content gathering points such as Facebook and YouTube.

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1 Introduction
Congratulations on purchasing your new QVidium
®
Live Internet Streaming video encoder.
QVidium
®
QVENC4K UHD/4K video encoder –Front View (top), Rear View (bottom)
1.1 Overview
QVidium’s QVENC4K™streaming video encoder is a high performance, high resolution video over
IP networking device capable of encoding broadcast quality video at resolutions up to 3840x2160
and at frame rates up to 60 frames per second. Utilizing a high-end, state-of-the-art multi-core
CPU with a specialized on-chip hardware video encoding core, the QVENC4K can process video
in real-time using HEVC/H.265 or MPEG4-AVC/H.264 compression. The QVENC4K can transmit
4:2:0, 8-bit, UHD/4K video. Along with the video, the QVENC4K can process up to 8 channels of
audio (4 stereo pairs) with a selection of common audio encoding formats, including surround
sound 7.1..
QVidium was the first company to invent a negative-acknowledgement feedback-based video
transport and error correction mechanism, called QVidium ARQ (Automatic Retransmission
request), for which it holds 2 U.S. patents and an Emmy© Award. QVidium ARQ enables the
transport of broadcast quality video over nearly any Internet and wireless network, provided that it
has sufficient bandwidth to carry the stream.
Like all other QVidium video encoder, decoder, gateway and server products, the QVENC4K
employs QVidium’s patented ARQ. In addition, the QVENC4K also offers other video transport and
error correction with protocols such as Zixi, SRT, RIST for live video error correction and transport,
and RTMP/RTMPS,and HLS for compatibility with Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) such as
Facebook, YouTube, and Ustream.
The following sections and chapters explain how to configure and operate the QVENC4K using
screen snapshots and explanations of the various settings, and provide examples of the output you
should expect.

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1.2 Accessing the Network Interface
To gain access to the control and status interface for the QVENC4K, you must first log in from a
web browser by entering the IP address assigned to your QVENC4K. By default, the IP address is
automatically configured via DHCP. If you do not know what IP address was assigned to your unit,
you can use our CodecManager application, described in Section 1.4, Network Setup.
Log in using the username, “admin” and the password also "admin".. For more detail on logging in,
please see Section 1.6, Password and Security. If you have trouble logging in, please try clicking
on the browser’s refresh control, usually shown as a counterclockwise circular arrow.
1.3 Dashboard and System Menu
The first menu item after logging in is the Dashboard, which shows relevant parameters for the
current state of the system, such as the current encoding network statistics, system uptime,
memory usage, and send and receive stats for the two network interfaces. This is shown below, in
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Dashboard and System Menu.
In Figure 1, we have expanded he System menu to show the available system settings: Name,
Password, Time, Upgrade, Processes, Shutdown, and Reboot. You can set the system name,
to help distinguish one QVENC4K from another, and change the password from the default (Serial
Number) to one of your own choosing,
You can update the firmware to the latest version, provided that your QVENC4K is connected to
the Internet, by clicking System/Upgrade. This will compare the various firmware modules on your

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QVENC4K with the latest version on our server and download and install the modules that are not
up to date. For more details about updating your firmware, please see Section 1.8, Updating.
Reboot will restart the entire system and Shutdown will turn off the power to the system. After
shutting down the system, you will need to push the power button on the front of the unit or power-
cycle the power to the system to regain access to the system.

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1.4 Network Setup
The QVENC4K™includes two built-in gigabit Ethernet ports, labeled GigE 1 and GigE 2. The
default factory setting enables DHCP on both built-in GigE 1 and GigE 2 ports to automatically set
its IP address and network configuration. In addition, you can add additional Ethernet ports by
inserting an Ethernet to USB dongle into the USB3-Type A port that is next to the two built-in
Ethernet ports.
QVidium provides software called CodecManager that you can download from the Support page
at http://www.qvidium.com to configure and determine the IP address of the Ethernet port of your
QVENC4K. Alternatively, you can use the QVENC4K’s built-in Web interface to change the
network settings –assuming that you know the address assigned to your QVENC4K by the DHCP
server.
To configure the network settings of your QVENC4K using CodecManager, follow these steps:
1) Download and install the QVidium CodecManager application from the Support page at
http://www.qvidium.com. Before running CodecManager, please have your QVENC4K
connected to an Ethernet switch via a Cat5 or equivalent cable. Then have your PC or
other network device connected to another port on that same switch and disable any
wireless or other wireline network ports on your PC.
2) Make certain that your QVENC4K is powered on and operational. It takes about 20
seconds for it to completely boot up into its operational state.
3) Run the CodecManager application. You should see the IP address of the QVENC4K and
any other QVidium devices connected to that switch. To avoid confusion, we recommend
disconnecting or powering off any other QVidium devices or products that may be
connected to that Ethernet switch.
4) Click once on the entry for the QVENC4K that you want to configure and click on Edit to
configure the IP address. For setting a static IP address, please be certain to disable
DHCP mode. After clicking OK, you should see the IP address for the QVENC4K entry
change to the new address.
5) If a static IP address is desired, you can enter any valid IP address, Gateway, and
Netmask. However, please be aware that if you want to connect to, and interact with the
web interface of the QVENC4K, your PC must be on the same IP subnet that you had
assigned to the QVENC4K.
6) Assuming that you set up a valid IP address in Step 5, then you can then Double-click on
the entry for the QVENC4K to pull up a browser and enter the Graphical User Interface
(GUI) to interact with the QVENC4K.
TROUBLESHOOTING: If your QVENC4K™does not show up in CodecManager or if you have a
Linux or MAC or other non-Windows PC, you can install Java and try running the Java version of
CodecManager. This version will try all your PC’s network interfaces to find the QVENC4K. You
can also log into your DHCP server to see what IP address was assigned to your QVENC4K.
NOTE: The QVENC4K™requires user authentication to enter the web interface. The factory
preset username is “admin” and the password is also preset to "admin". We strongly
recommend that you change this to keep your device secure.
To reconfigure the network interface using a Web browser, follow these steps:
1) Determine the IP address of the QVENC4K™from your DHCP server
2) Make certain that the IP address of your PC is on the same subnet as the QVENC4K
3) Enter the IP address of the QVENC4K into a web browser on your PC
4) Click on “Configure” under the “Network” menu on the left.
You should see a web page similar to the following network configuration web page, Figure 2:

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Figure 2. Network configuration example for GigE 2
3) Change settings as desired and click “Save”.
4) If you change the IP address, you will need to change the URL in the web browser to point to
the new address after clicking on “Save”.
The Network/Configure page allows you to modify the static IP address parameters and DNS
server settings, or to have these settings automatically configured through DHCP. A Hostname
page allows you to specify the host name for use in conjunction with a DNS server to assign a
predetermined IP address.

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1.5 Reconfiguring and Resetting Network Settings
In case you are not able to connect to the QVENC4K™through the network port(s), we have
provided 2 different mechanisms for resetting the IP addresses and network settings: through
CodecManager and through the USB console serial port. Any one of these 2 methods we
describe in this section will allow you to recover in case the IP address was changed or set to
DHCP and you do not know its current value.
CodecManager: As previously described in the last section, if you have a Windows PC or a Mac
running a PC emulator, you can download and run the QVidium application, CodecManager™, to
change or set the IP address for the built-in Ethernet port. You can download CodecManager from
the Support page at http://www.qvidium.com. If you have more than one network adapter on your
PC, you may need to select the proper Network Interface from the pull-down control in the lower
left corner of the CodecManager application. Also, because CodecManager relies on low-level
Ethernet-level multicasts, we recommend having both the QVENC4K and your PC connected
through a switch, and not via a direct Ethernet cable. If you do not see the QVENC4K on
CodecManager, even after clicking on the Discover button, then you should try connecting to the
other LAN port on the QVENC4K. If you still do not see the QVENC4K, then we suggest either
resetting the network interface using the USB Console Port method, below, or via the USB serial
port.
USB Console Port: Alternatively, you can connect a USB cable to the Console USB port to log
into the Linux shell and change the IP address or other settings. To reset the IP settings to their
factory defaults, connect a PC running a terminal emulator, such we Hyperterm or TeraTerm. You
should then see a new COM port on your PC. Set the Baud rate to 1500000 and try connecting the
terminal emulator to the new USB port. The other serial port settings should be set to 8-N-1, no
flow control. Upon power-on, you should see a stream of characters as the system is booting,
ending with the login prompt. Login as user “qvidium” with the barcode serial number as the
password,then hit Enter. From this prompt, type resetnetwork followed by hitting the Enter key
(<CR>, carriage return) to reset the network settings to use DHCP. You can also type ifconfig
eth0 (and <CR>) to see the current IP address.
If you have experience with network monitoring software, such as Wireshark (www.wireshark.org),
please note that upon power-up, the Encoder will emit a gratuitous ARP packet from which you
can determine its IP address by looking for the ARP packets that the QVENC4K generates and
analyzing its contents.
1.6 Ping and Traceroute
Selecting Ping allows you to test network connectivity by sending ping packets to an address or
hostname you specify. However, to use a hostname in place of an IP address, you must have
configured at least one DNS server.
The following figure, Figure 3, shows the Network Ping configuration and output.

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Figure 3. Network Ping example for GigE 2. Top: Configuration; Bottom: Output

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Figure 4. Network Traceroute example for GigE 2. Top: Configuration; Bottom: Output
Likewise, you can use Traceroute (shown above in Figure 4) to ping every router along the route
from the QVENC4K to the IP or DNS address you specify. Traceroute is very helpful in locating
instances where an ISP might employ dynamic load balancing and other routing problems that can
affect the quality of the video transport. Dynamic Load Balancing occurs where an ISP might
specify an alternate route to send packets to balance the load across its network. This is fine for
web pages that use TCP and can tolerate random delays. However, this can cause video streams

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to become mis-ordered, jumbling the video content. Using the Jitter Buffer in the QVidium decoder
or ARQ software can often restore correct packet order and stream integrity, at the cost of
additional delay. You can also avoid Dynamic Load Balancing by requesting MPLS (Multi-Protocol
Labeled Switching) service from your ISP.
1.7 Passwords and Security
The QVENC4K™requires a username and password to protect access to its configuration
settings. This includes both Web access and SSH access. The default user name for the web
interface is “admin” and the default password is also initially set to "admin". Logging in as the
user root is not allowed. We strongly suggest that you change the password to keep your
QVENC4K secure, especially if it has direct access from the Internet.
Note on Resetting Password: If you lose the password and need to reset it, you can go to
http://www.qvidium.com/reset, click on Reset Password, copy the “autorun” file onto a USB flash,
and plug flash into QVENC4K. (File must be saved as “autorun” and not “autorun.txt”.). This will
reset the admin password back to the serial number of the unit You must have physical access to
the USB ports on the QVENC4K to use this procedure.
As shipped from the factory, the QVENC4K comes with SSH and root access disabled. The RPM
update system used, as discussed in the next section on Updating, prevents any unauthorized
firmware from entering the unit. Should the user require shell or SSH access to the unit, a public-
private certificate-based system can be enabled that disallows shell login via username/password
as a further security enhancement.
1.8 Updating
QVidium provides firmware updates from time to time to add new features, overcome limitations, or
to fix bugs. The QVENC4K firmware builds upon the RPM Package Manager to catalog, manage,
automate, secure, and simplify the update process. With a click to System/Update from the web
interface, the QVENC4K will connect with the QVidium update server via the Internet to take
inventory of which packages need to be updated and seamlessly keep the QVENC4K running with
the latest features and more robust firmware available. This secure mechanism forms a part of the
overall protections that help to prevent malware and all non-authorized firmware from infecting the
QVENC4K.
To update to the latest firmware, make certain that your unit has access to the Internet and click on
System/Update, then confirm that you wish to proceed. The system will connect to the QVidium
server, take inventory of the packages loaded on your QVENC4K, and then proceed to determine
which packages need to be updated and download and install only those packages that need to be
updated. After this completes, you must reboot your system for the update to take effect by clicking
on System/Reboot from the web browser interface. You should also clear your web browser’s
cache or at least refresh the web pages after updating the firmware in case the new firmware had
changed some of the web pages.

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1.9 System View –QVENC4K
Front View –Power Indicator
Indicator Description
Power Glows amber when power is first applied.
Glows green when powered on and operational.
Glows red upon encountering an error condition.
Note: A USB2-MicroB Console port and USB3-TypeC USB port are primarily for system
maintenance purposes and should rarely, if ever, be needed by the customer.

Rear View –Power, SDI Video/Audio I/O, USB and Ethernet Ports
Ref Component Description
1DC Power 6VDC @ 3A to 24VDC @ 1A
2SDI Lock SDI lock indicator
3SDI 12G-SDI Input/Output port, all SDI rates up to 12Gbps.
4SDI SFP port for 2nd SDI I/O port (optical or copper), 12G-SDI max.
5USB USB-3.0 type A connector for additional memory or Ethernet port
6GigE 1 First 10/100/1000 Ethernet port
7GigE 2 Second 10/100/1000 Ethernet port
Note: Serial number barcode label (not shown) would be located on this back
plate.

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1.10 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION –PLEASE READ
Use this product only as specified in the manual. If the
instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer,
the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired,
resulting in personal injury or damage to the product.
Only product safety-approved DC power supply units based
on all applicable local, state/provincial, and/or national regulations
shall be used with this product.
For PLUGGABLE EQUIPMENT, the socket-outlet shall be installed
near the equipment and shall be easily accessible.
This equipment is not suitable for use in locations where children
are likely to be present.
NO USER SERVICABLE COMPONENTS.

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2 Encoder Configuration
To configure and operate the encoder from a web browser first select Profiles. From this Profiles
menu, you can create, start, edit, and delete a multitude of profiles that contain all the parameters
to configure the encoder. Accing a profile will allow you to quickly redeploy the QVENC4K for a
broad range of applications. An example showing various profiles is shown in the following screen
shot of Figure 5.
Figure 5. Sample Encoder Profiles Page
All settings are stored in non-volatile flash memory, allowing the encoder to automatically recover
after a power failure, and to restart the profile that was running at that time. The next section
explains how to configure the QVENC4K encoding parameters with a description of each of the
encoder settings.
Each encoder profile allows you to output up to 4 copies of the encoded video into a unique IP
stream, each to its own destination address and each stream copy individually configured with any
of the available IP transport protocols that you select.

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2.1 Quickstart Encoder Configuration
Below is a simple procedure to quickly start streaming from one QVENC4K for encoding to a
compatible video decoder.
1. Enter http://<IPAddress> where <IPAddress>is the IP address of the QVidium
QVENC4K™HEVC UHD-HDR Video Encoder unit that you want to configure as an encoder.
(See section 1.2 Network Settings1.2 to get or set the IP address.)
2. Click Profiles from the menu on the left. Then, either click to highlight an existing encoder
profile you wish to edit and click Edit, or click Create or “+”to create a new encoder profile.
The “Encoder Profile”interface should then display in the main area to the right of the
menu.
3. At this point, the web interface displays a list of all the configurable video and audio encoding
parameters, We recommend that you initially use all of the defaut settings for these
parameters, unless there is an obvious change required for your application.
4. Next, configure one or more of the four Output fields, which are listed after the audio settings
in at the end of the parameter list. Click to select the desired video transport protocol, and
enter the destination IP address and UDP port or URL and any other parameters associated
with the protocol that you selected for this output. For “Listener Mode”, you can leave the
Destination IP address blank.
5. When sending a video stream over a LAN or other private hardwired network, you can select
UDP for the IP transport. The UDP protocol is the simplest to configure and incurs the least
amount of added delay. However, to send a video stream over the public Internet or a
wireless network with the potential for packet loss, we strongly recommend that you choose a
video transport protocol designed to recover from potential packet loss, such as our patented
QVidium ARQ protocol. If you also require interoperability with a third-party decoder, you may
wish to select from among SRT, RIST, or Zixi. To stream to a content delivery network, such
as Facebook or Youtube, we recommend selecting RTMP or HLS.
6. When selecting a particular IP transport protocol, the web interface will change to show the
available parameters that are specific to that protocol. At a minimum, you will need to select a
UDP port or URL. Most protocols will require a destination IP address or DNS name for the
receiver, but several of the protocols, such as QVidium ARQ, RIST, and SRT, allow you to
leave the destination blank and have the receiver initiate the stream. We refer to this
operation as Listener Mode or Pull Mode.
7. After configuring an Output field, you must click on Update URL to save the changes for that
output. Next, click the Save button to save the profile. None of your changes will be saved nor
have any effect unless you first save them. These changes are stored in permanent memory
and will persist even after a power failure.
8. To then start a stream, click the Start button associate with that profile.
Figure 6, below, provides an example of a profile with its settings configured to send to four unique
destinations, each with a different IP transport protocol.

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If you have connected a valid video source to the selected SDI input and click on Dashboard (on
the upper left), the stats should now display the video input resolution, and the Send bit rate should
be appropriate for the stream that you are outputting. Figure 7 shows an example of what you
should see when the encoder is connected to a valid source and outputting an IP stream on GigE
Port2.
NOTE: The QVENC4K is designed to only accommodate HD-SDI, 3G-SDI, 6G-SDI, and 12G-SDI
input speeds for video resolutions from 720p through 2160p. The QVENC4K cannot process
standard definition video input. However, you can downscale (or upscale) the video output to lower
(or higher) resolutions, as explained in the next section.
NOTE: The QVENC4K will automatically upscale 1080i video input to 1080p. It cannot directly
encode interlaced video, so a 1080i interlaced video input is automatically upscaled to 1080p
progressive video before encoding.
Figure 6. Encoder Profile Example showing

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2.2 Detailed Encoder Configuration
Shown below in Figure 7 is the encoder profile configuration form, which lets you set the video and
audio encoding format and bitrates. The QVENC4K encoder will automatically detect and adjust for
the SDI input video resolution and format. The encoder contains a built-in video scalar that
provides the QVENC4K the ability to change the video resolution before it is encoded and output
as a stream.
Figure 7. Encoder Profile Example
The QVENC4K outputs the encoded video stream as a capped Variable Bit Rate (VBR) IP stream.
VBR video encoding is more efficient than Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding because it only uses
the amount of bandwidth needed to encode the video content. There is no wasted bandwidth to
carry Null-packets for filler. However, a VBR stream may have large variations in bit rate.

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Note: Be aware that the user interface will not warn you if you try to enter a bit rate beyond the
operating limits of the encoder. For more details on the range of encoding bit rates, please see
Appendix C (Section 7.2). For more information on the various video parameters (Frame Rate,
Encoding, Format, Resolution, etc.) please see Appendix A (Section 7.1). For UHD or HD video,
you can select either HEVC (H.265) or MPEG4-AVC (H.264) Video Encoding.
2.2.1 Basic Encoding Parameters
All the basic parameters you normally would need to set when creating a new encoding profile are
grouped together under the Profiles menu when editing or creating a profile, as shown in Figure 7,
above. Below is a description of these basic video and audio encoding settings:
Input: BNC or SFP. Default is BNC. The QVENC4K has 2 video inputs capable of SDI rates from
HD-SDI and 3G-SDI through 12G-SDI. You can select between SFP input or BNC input from a
75 Ohm coaxial cable. SFP allow you to insert one of any standard SFP form-factor modules.
Usually this is to allow for a fiber-optic SDI feed, which is very useful for accommodating long
cable spans.
Video Size: Auto, 1920x1080, 1280x720, 960x540, 854x480, 640x360, and 480x270. Default is
Auto. The QVENC4K has in internal video scalar. Setting resolution to “Auto” retains the
resolution of the SDI signal. Otherwise, the scalar downscales or upscales the resolution to the
selected value. Note: The QVENC4K cannot de-interlace an interlaced signal, nor can it
create interlaced video from progressive. When presented with interlaced video, it will
automatically upscale the video before encoding it.
Video Encoding: HEVC (H.265) or H264 (H.264/MPEG4-AVC). Default is HEVC. You can select
between HEVC/H.265 encoding and MPEG4-AVC/H.264 (Main profile). HEVC requires about
one-half 1/2) to one-third (1/3) of the bit rate for comparable video quality versus H.264 for
UHD/4K video because it uses a much larger block size. The video encoding format of the
output IP stream is 8-bit, 4:2:0.
Vide Frame Rate: Full or Half. Default is Full. This setting allows you to reduce the frame rate to
one-half of the original Standard video frame rates are normally 59.94 fps. or 50 fps. Halving
the frame rate allows for half the stream bit rate.
Video Bit Rate: Defaut is 7,500Kbps (7.5 Mbps). This sets the total output stream bit rate in
kilobits per second (Kbps). The QVENC4K sets an internal video bit rate by subtracting the
audio bit rate from the Stream Bit Rate and setting an additional margin for IP packetization.
For all stream modes, the output bit rate should not exceed this value. However, there may be
a variation in output bit rate of up to about 5% over the value you set. If the bit rate is too low
for the video content you have, then you can expect to see pixelization and blurring of the
image for scenes with high motion. The minimum bit rate is set to 500Kbps (500). The
maximum bit rate is 60Mbps (60000) per stream.
Vide GOP: Default is 15. This sets the Group-of-Pictures (GOP) value. Each GOP begins with an
I-Frame (aka. Key-Frame) which is essentially a JPEG snapshot, followed by P (Predictive)
Frames and B (Bidirectional) Frames to create a full GOP. A larger GOP can decrease the
overall required bit rate, at the expense of a longer delay and video that would take longer to
recover from a lost or corrupted frame.
Audio Encoding: Opus, MPEG1,or AAC. Default is AAC. This setting specifies what format to
use for audio encoding. MPEG1 is perhaps the most widely interoperable. AAC is best for
music and maintaining the highest fidelity. For speech and verbal content, we recommend
Opus, which is used by Google in Android phones. (See Figure 9, below.)

User Manual v.2 QVidium®QVENC4K™ UHD/HEVC Video Encoder
Copyright 2023 QVidium®Technologies, Inc. Page 20 of 43
Audio Bit Rate (bps): Various selections from 16Kbps to 384Kbps. Default is 160000. This sets
the total bit rate for the combination of the 2 audio channels (left and right channels of each
audio pair). (The default of 160Kbps actually produces the same TS Stream Bit Rate as setting
the audio bit rate to 128Kbps because of size constraints for audio packet sizes that must fit
within a fixed TS packet size.) The minimum audio bitrate is 16Kbps and the maximum is
384Kbps per channel. When encoding 5.1 surround-sound, the bit rate you specify is for the
entire set of 6 audio channels. (See Figure 9, below.)
NOTE: The audio sampling rate is fixed at 48 KHz as this is standard for SDI.
Audio Channels: 0 (no audio), 2 (1 stereo pair), 4 (2 stereo pairs), 6 (3 stereo pairs), 8 (4
stereo pairs), 4 channels (independent), 5.1 multi-channel*, 5.1 downmix to stereo, AC-
3 pass through, AC-3 transcode, or AC-3 transcode to stereo, . Default is 2 (1 stereo
pair). This setting allows you to select how to handle the embedded audio and which audio
channels to encode. For many streaming applications, video players cannot handle multi-
channel surround-sound. For multichannel input in a streaming applications, we recommend
downmixing or transcoding to stereo. (See Figure 9, below.)
*NOTE: Encoding to 5.1 Surround-Sound only applies to AAC and Opus. MPEG1 is only
applicable to stereo pairs.
Output 1, Output 2, Output 3, Output 4: Video output URLs (Universal Resource Locator).
This is described in detail in the next section
Note: Please remember to always hit the SAVE button after making any changes or your changes
will be lost. You must also restart the encoder with the updated profile for these changes to
take effect. You can do this by simply clicking Start.
Figure 9. List of audio channel options, audio encoding formats and audio bit rates.