Roland C-280 User manual

Owner’s Manual
Copyright © 1999 ROLAND CORPORATION
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
without the written permission of ROLAND CORPORATION.

CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
ATTENTION: RISQUE DE CHOC ELECTRIQUE NE PAS OUVRIR
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK,
DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK).
NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an
equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the
presence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within the
product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to
constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is
intended to alert the user to the presence of important
operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the
literature accompanying the product.
INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO A RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK, OR INJURY TO PERSONS.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING - When using electric products, basic precautions should always be followed, including the following:
1. Read these instructions.
2. Keep these instructions.
3. Heed all warnings.
4. Follow all instructions.
5. Do not use this apparatus near water.
6. Clean only with a damp cloth.
7. Do not block any of the ventilation openings. Install in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators,
heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including
amplifiers) that produce heat.
9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with
one wider than the other. A grounding type plug has two
blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the
third prong are provided for your safety. When the provided
plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for
replacement of the obsolete outlet.
10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the
point where they exit from the apparatus.
11. Only use attachments/accessories specified by the
manufacturer.
12. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket,
or table specified by the manufacturer, or
sold with the apparatus. When a cart is used,
use caution when moving the cart/apparatus
combination to avoid injury from tip-over.
13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when
unused for long periods of time.
14. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Servicing
is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any
way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid
has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus,
the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does
not operate normally, or has been dropped.
IMPORTANT: THE WIRES IN THIS MAINS LEAD ARE COLOURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING CODE.
BLUE:
BROWN:
As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying
the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:
The wire which is coloured BLUE must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured BLACK.
The wire which is coloured BROWN must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter L or coloured RED.
Under no circumstances must either of the above wires be connected to the earth terminal of a three pin plug.
NEUTRAL
LIVE
For the U.K.
This product may be equipped with a polarized line plug (one blade wider than the other) . This is a safety feature. If you
are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact an electrician to replace your obsolete outlet. Do not defeat the safety
purpose of the plug.
For Polarized Line Plug
CAUTION:
ATTENTION:
TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, MATCH WIDE BLADE OF PLUG TO WIDE SLOT, FULLY INSERT.
POUR ÉVITER LES CHOCS ÉLECTRIQUES, INTRODUIRE LA LAME LA PLUS LARGE DE LA FICHE
DANS LA BORNE CORRESPONDANTE DE LA PRISE ET POUSSER JUSQU' AU FOND.
For the USA
For Canada

5
U
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T
H
E
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I
T
S
A
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E
L
Y
001
• Before using this unit, make sure to read the
instructions below, and the Owner’s Manual.
........................................................................................................................
002a
• Do not open or perform any internal modifica-
tions on the unit.
........................................................................................................................
007
• Make sure you always have the unit placed so it is
level and sure to remain stable. Never place it on
stands that could wobble, or on inclined surfaces.
........................................................................................................................
009
• Avoid damaging the power cord. Do not bend it
excessively, step on it, place heavy objects on it,
etc. A damaged cord can easily become a shock or
fire hazard. Never use a power cord after it has
been damaged.
........................................................................................................................
013
• In households with small children, an adult
should provide supervision until the child is
capable of following all the rules essential for the
safe operation of the unit.
........................................................................................................................
014
• Protect the unit from strong impact.
(Do not drop it!)
........................................................................................................................
015
• Do not force the unit’s power-supply cord to share
an outlet with an unreasonable number of other
devices. Be especially careful when using
extension cords—the total power used by all
devices you have connected to the extension
cord’s outlet must never exceed the power rating
(watts/amperes) for the extension cord. Excessive
loads can cause the insulation on the cord to heat
up and eventually melt through.
........................................................................................................................
016
• Before using the unit in a foreign country, consult
with your retailer, the nearest Roland Service
Center, or an authorized Roland distributor, as
listed on the “Information” page.
102b
• Always grasp only the plug on the power-supply
cord when plugging into, or unplugging from, an
outlet or this unit.
........................................................................................................................
104
• Try to prevent cords and cables from becoming
entangled. Also, all cords and cables should be
placed so they are out of the reach of children.
........................................................................................................................
106
• Never climb on top of, nor place heavy objects on
the unit.
........................................................................................................................
107b
• Never handle the power cord or its plugs with wet
hands when plugging into, or unplugging from,
an outlet or this unit.
........................................................................................................................
108d: Selection
• If you need to move the instrument, take note of
the precautions listed below. At least two persons
are required to safely lift and move the unit. It
should be handled carefully, all the while keeping
it level. Make sure to have a firm grip, to protect
yourself from injury and the instrument from
damage.
• Disconnect the power cord.
• Disconnect all cords coming from external devices.
• Remove the music stand.
........................................................................................................................
109a
• Before cleaning the unit, turn off the power and
unplug the power cord from the outlet (P. 12).
........................................................................................................................
110a
• Whenever you suspect the possibility of lightning
in your area, pull the plug on the power cord out
of the outlet.
........................................................................................................................
117: Selection
• When using the bench, please observe the
following points:
•
Do not use the bench as a toy, or as a stepping
bench.
• Do not allow two or more persons to sit on the
bench .
Used for instructions intended to alert
the user to the risk of injury or material
damage should the unit be used
improperly.
* Material damage refers to damage or
other adverse effects caused with
respect to the home and all its
furnishings, as well to domestic
animals or pets.
Used for instructions intended to alert
the user to the risk of death or severe
injury should the unit be used
improperly.
The ●symbol alerts the user to things that must be
carried out. The specific thing that must be done is
indicated by the design contained within the circle. In
the case of the symbol at left, it means that the power-
cord plug must be unplugged from the outlet.
The symbol alerts the user to important instructions
or warnings.The specific meaning of the symbol is
determined by the design contained within the
triangle. In the case of the symbol at left, it is used for
general cautions, warnings, or alerts to danger.
The symbol alerts the user to items that must never
be carried out (are forbidden). The specific thing that
must not be done is indicated by the design contained
within the circle. In the case of the symbol at left, it
means that the unit must never be disassembled.

6
• Do not sit on the bench if the bolts holding the bench
legs are loose. (If the bolts are loose, immediately re-
tighten them using the supplied wrench.)

6
Introduction
Thank you, and congratulations on your choice of the Roland Classic Organ C-280.
Before using this unit, carefully read the sections entitled: “IMPORTANT SAFETY
INSTRUCTIONS” (p. 4), “USING THE UNIT SAFELY” (p. 5), and “IMPORTANT
NOTES” (p. 9). These sections provide important information concerning the proper
operation of the unit. Additionally, in order to feel assured that you have gained a good
grasp of every feature provided by your new unit, Owner’s Manual should be read in its
entirety. The manual should be saved and kept on hand as a convenient reference.
Features of the C-280
The C-280 has the following features.
Classic Design
TheC-280’swhite/blackinvertedkeyboardandthedrawknobsmaintainthetraditional
styling of the positive organ.
Keyboard with Click
The C-280 keyboard features a “click”feel to provide realistic reproduction of the pipe
organ’s tracker action touch, so you can use this feature for surer practice.
Easy Maintenance
There is no need for maintenance such as adjusting pipes. The C-280 will always sound
at its best.
Accurate and Stable Pitch
Digital technology means that the pitch is always stable. Re-tuning is never necessary,
neither after the instrument is transported, nor in response to temperature changes
caused by lighting, etc. You can also tune the instrument to Baroque pitch at the touch
of a button.
Historical Temperaments are Supported
In addition to Equal temperament, the C-280 allows you to select Werckmeister,
Kirnberger, Vallotti, Meantone, Pythagorean, and Just temperaments at the touch of a
button.
Reproduce the Sound of a Concert Hall
The built-in reverb allows you to reproduce the acoustics of performance spaces ranging
from a small room to a large hall, simply by turning a knob. You can enjoy concert hall
sound with no additional equipment.
Volume can be Adjusted as Appropriate for Your Needs
Since the volume can be adjusted freely, you can play at the ideal volume for your
ensemble, or for different situations, whether it be the home, chamber concert, or large
hall. Headphones can also be used, allowing you to practice at any time of day or night.
High-Quality Sound
The C-280 employs digitally sampled sources, allowing faithful reproduction of the pipe
organ’s reverberation characteristics.

7
Contents
USING THE UNIT SAFELY ....................................................................... 5
Introduction............................................................................................... 6
Features of the C-280 .......................................................................................................... 6
Before You Begin ..................................................................................... 8
Checking the Included Items............................................................................................. 8
Attaching the Music Stand................................................................................................. 8
IMPORTANT NOTES................................................................................. 9
Front and Bottom Panels....................................................................... 10
Preparing to Play.................................................................................... 12
Connecting the Power Cord............................................................................................ 12
Turning On the Power...................................................................................................... 12
Basic Operation—Playing...................................................................... 13
Adjusting the Volume ...................................................................................................... 13
Adjusting the Tonal Character........................................................................................ 13
Using Headphones............................................................................................................ 13
Creating Organ Tones–Organ Section and Drawknobs.............................................. 14
Creating Organ Tones with the Drawknobs ........................................................... 14
Automatically Storing the Drawknob Settings ([Manual] button) ...................... 16
Storing Organ Tones You Have Created in the Registration Memory
([R1] and [R2] Buttons)............................................................................................... 16
Calling Up Stored Organ Tones ([R1] and [R2] Buttons) ...................................... 17
Selecting Other Tones–Ensemble Section...................................................................... 17
Playing with Layered Organ Section and Ensemble Section Tones.......................... 18
Cancelling All Selected Tones ([Cancel] Button).......................................................... 18
Using Baroque Pitch ......................................................................................................... 19
Selecting a Temperament................................................................................................. 20
Changing the Root Note................................................................................................... 21
Adding Reverberation (the Reverb Effect).................................................................... 22
Tuning................................................................................................................................. 22
Listening to the Demo Song.................................................................. 23
Demo Song ................................................................................................................... 23
Getting the Most out of the C-280......................................................... 24
Using Damper Pedal/Tone Select Pedal....................................................................... 24
Using as a Tone Select Pedal ......................................................................................24
Using the Expression Pedal............................................................................................. 25
Raising/Lowering the Keyboard by an Octave............................................................ 25
Transposing the Keyboard............................................................................................... 26
Other Functions...................................................................................... 27
Using a Recording Device or External Amplifier......................................................... 27
Using MIDI......................................................................................................................... 27
Making MIDI Connections......................................................................................... 27
Setting the MIDI Channel........................................................................................... 28
Local ON/OFF Setting................................................................................................ 28
Specifications......................................................................................... 29
Stop List.............................................................................................................................. 29
Changing the Organ Type.......................................................................................... 29
MIDI Implementation Chart.............................................................................................30
Main Specifications........................................................................................................... 31

8
Before You Begin
Checking the Included Items
The Classic Organ C-280 package contains the following items.
If any items are missing, please contact the dealer where you purchased this unit.
❏Owner’s manual
❏Power cord
❏Music stand
❏Cover
❏Bench
Attaching the Music Stand
fig.00-01
1. Grasping the music stand in both
hands, align the fittings on the rear side
of the music stand with the pins on the
front of the C-280, then snap the stand
onto the pins.
2. Gently lower the stand in that position,
releasing your hands only after you are
sure it is properly supported.
To make fitting the pins easier, align the upper ends of the
fittings on the rear of the music stand with the top of the
C-280.
Do not use excessive force when positioning the music
stand. Otherwise, you risk causing accidents and/or
damage to the parts.
Top board
Fittings
MEMO
NOTE
Notes
Take care not to allow children to swallow the
capsattachedto the sectionconnectingthe C-280
and the pipe system (C-280P; sold separately).
fig.00-02
Cap

9
IMPORTANT NOTES
291b
In addition to the items listed under “IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS”and “USING THE UNIT SAFELY”on pages 4
and 5, please read and observe the following:
Power Supply
301
•Do not use this unit on the same power circuit with any
device that will generate line noise (such as an electric
motor or variable lighting system).
307
•Before connecting this unit to other devices, turn off the
power to all units. This will help prevent malfunctions
and/or damage to speakers or other devices.
Placement
352
•This device may interfere with radio and television
reception. Do not use this device in the vicinity of such
receivers.
354b
•Do not expose the unit to direct sunlight, place it near
devices that radiate heat, leave it inside an enclosed
vehicle, or otherwise subject it to temperature extremes.
Also, do not allow lighting devices that normally are used
while their light source is very close to the unit (such as a
piano light), or powerful spotlights to shine upon the
same area of the unit for extended periods of time.
Excessive heat can deform or discolor the unit.
355
•To avoid possible breakdown, do not use the unit in a wet
area, such as an area exposed to rain or other moisture.
356
•Do not allow rubber, vinyl, or similar materials to remain
on the piano for long periods of time. Such objects can
discolor or otherwise harmfully affect the finish.
357
•Do not put anything that contains water (e.g., flower
vases) on the piano. Also, avoid the use of insecticides,
perfumes, alcohol, nail polish, spray cans, etc., near the
unit. Swiftly wipe away any liquid that spills on the unit
using a dry, soft cloth.
Maintenance
401b
•To clean the unit, use a dry, soft cloth; or one that is
slightly dampened. Try to wipe the entire surface using an
equal amount of strength, moving the cloth along with the
grain of the wood. Rubbing too hard in the same area can
damage the finish.
402
•Never use benzine, thinners, alcohol or solvents of any
kind, to avoid the possibility of discoloration and/or
deformation.
Additional Precautions
553
•Use a reasonable amount of care when using the unit’s
buttons, sliders, or other controls; and when using its jacks
and connectors. Rough handling can lead to malfunctions.
556
•When connecting / disconnecting all cables, grasp the
connector itself—never pull on the cable. This way you
will avoid causing shorts, or damage to the cable’s
internal elements.
557
•A small amount of heat will radiate from the unit during
normal operation.
558a
•To avoid disturbing your neighbors, try to keep the unit’s
volume at reasonable levels. You may prefer to use
headphones, so you do not need to be concerned about
those around you (especially when it is late at night).
559
•When you need to transport the unit, package it in the box
(including padding) that it came in, if possible. Otherwise,
you will need to use equivalent packaging materials.
561
•Use only the specified expression pedal (EV-5; sold
separately). By connecting any other expression pedals,
you risk causing malfunction and/or damage to the unit.

10
Front and Bottom Panels
■Front Panel
fig.00-03
The terms appearing in orange letters beneath the buttons indicate the names of the functions
enabled when the [Function] ([Baroque Pitch]) button is pressed.
1. [Power] Switch
Press to switch the power on or off (p. 12).
2. [Volume] Knob
Adjusts the overall volume (p. 13).
3. [Brilliance] Knob
This adjusts the tonal character (p. 13).
4. Organ Section
[Manual] Button
This enables selection of the tones using the
drawknobs (p. 16).
It also sets the unit so that you can to listen to the
Demo song (p. 23).
[R1] Button
[R2] Button
This arrows you to store the drawknob settings.
It also is used to call up stored configurations (p. 16).
5. Ensemble Section
[Chimes] Button
Used to select the sound of Chimes (p. 17).
You can also change the Bass Coupler split point
(p. 15).
[Celesta] Button
Used to select the sound of Celesta (p. 17).
It also lowers the keyboard’s range by one octave
(p. 25).
[Choir] Button
Used to select the sound of Choir (p. 17).
It also raises the keyboard’s range by one octave
(p. 25).
6. [Cancel] Button
This cancels all tone selections (p. 18).
It also is used to select the damper pedal function
(p. 24).
7. [Baroque Pitch] Button
Lowers the overall pitch by a semitone (p. 19).
Use as the [Function] button.
8. [Temperament] Button
Used to select the temperament (p. 20).
It also sets the tonic for each temperament (p. 21).
9. Temperament Indicator
The indicator for the currently selected
temperament will light (p. 20).
10. [Reverb] Knob
Used to apply reverberation and adjust the amount
(p. 22).
Just Major
Just Minor
Min Max
Octave Shift
Point Mode
Min Max Mellow Bright
BrillianceVolume ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Pythagorean
Reverb
Demo Write Write Split FunctionUpDown Pedal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Power
MEMO

11
Front and Bottom Panels
■Drawknobs
fig.00-03-01
These switch on and off the stops used for the organ tones (p. 14).
■Bottom Panel
fig.00-04
1. [Organ Type] Switch
This switches the tone type assigned to the
drawknobs (p. 29).
2. MIDI Connectors
Connect MIDI cables to these connectors if you wish
to exchange MIDI data with external MIDI devices
(p. 27).
3. [Tuning] Knob
Used to adjust the overall pitch (p. 22).
4. Expression Jack
If you connect a separately available pedal to this
jack, you will be able to use it as a expression pedal
(p. 25).
5. Damper Jack
If you connect a separately available pedal to this
jack, you will be able to use it as a damper or a tone
select pedal (p. 24).
6. Output Jacks
Connect cables to these jacks when you wish to play
the C-280 through other speakers, or record its
sound on a tape recorder (p. 27).
7. Phones Jack
A set of headphones can be connected to this jack
(p. 13).
8. AC Inlet
Connect the supplied power cord to this inlet (p. 12).
9. Pipe System Jack
Connectthecablefromthepipesystemhere(C-280P
only).
For details, please refer to the leaflet supplied with
the pipe system (C-280P; sold separately).
Drawknobs
THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE
CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION.
FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS: (1)THIS DEVICE
RECEIVED, INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY
FCC RULES. OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE
MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE, AND
(2)THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE
THIS CLASS B DIGITAL APPARATUS MEETS ALL
SUR LE MATÉRIEL BROUILLEUR DU CANADA.
CAUSING EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS.
RESPECTE TOUTES LES EXIGENCES DU RÈGLEMENT
REQUIREMENTS OF THE CANADIAN INTERFERENCE-
CET APPAREIL NUMÉRIQUE DE LA CLASSE B
Pipe System
AC
Phones
RL
(Mono)
Output
Expression Damper
Pedal
Tuning
Out In
MIDI
Organ Type
21
1234567 8 9

12
Preparing to Play
Connecting the Power Cord
➤Procedure
1. Turn off the [Power] switch located at the left of the panel.
2. Connect the supplied power cord to the AC inlet located on the
bottom panel, and then plug the other end into an AC outlet.
fig.01-01
Use only the power cord that was supplied with the C-280.
If you will not be using the C-280 for an extended period, unplug the power cord from the
outlet.
Turning On the Power
Be sure to follow the steps below when turning the power on or off. If this is not done in
the correct sequence, you risk causing a malfunction, or even blown speakers.
➤Procedure
1. Rotate the [Volume] knob toward the left to lower the volume.
2. Press the [Power] switch to turn on the power.
fig.01-02
This unit is equipped with a protection circuit. A brief interval (a few seconds) after power up is
required before the unit will operate normally.
NOTE
NOTE
Press Press again
ON OFF
NOTE

13
Basic Operation—Playing
Adjusting the Volume
➤Procedure
Use the [Volume] knob to adjust the volume.
Rotating the knob toward the right will increase the volume, and rotating it toward the
left will decrease the volume.
fig.02-01
Adjusting the Tonal Character
➤Procedure
Use the [Brilliance] knob to adjust the tonal character.
Clockwise rotation adds more brilliance to the tone, while counter clockwise rotation
makes it more subdued.
fig.02-02
Using Headphones
The Phones jack is located on the bottom panel of the keyboard. When headphones are
connected, no sound will be output from the speakers of the C-280, and only the
headphones will be heard. This allows you to play without having to worry about
bothering others around you, even at night.
➤Procedure
Insert the plug of your headphones into the Phones jack.
fig.01-03
The volume of the headphones can be adjusted with the [Volume] knob.
Accepts connection of Stereo headphones.
Be aware that listening at excessive volume levels or for long periods of time may contribute to
hearing loss.
Min Max
Volume
Min Max
Volume
NOTE
NOTE

14
Basic Operation—Playing
Creating Organ Tones–Organ Section and Drawknobs
This instrument is equipped with eight stops (drawknobs) for the organ tones, as well as
[Manual] button, an [R1] and [R2] button for controlling the stops.
This group of buttons, the [Manual] and [R1]/[R2] buttons, are referred to as the Organ
section.
■Creating Organ Tones with the Drawknobs
fig.02-03
You can operate the drawknobs when any of the Organ section buttons is selected.
When the drawknob is pulled out, the light goes on, and the corresponding stop is
activated. When the drawknob is pushed back in, the light is extinguished, and the stop
is turned off.
Each of these drawknobs can be operated individually, thus allowing you to use them in
various combinations to create different tones. A combination of drawknobs used
together is called a “Registration.”
C-280 features two types of internal stop sets assigned to the drawknobs. Switch between the
two types as befits your liking and use. Please refer to “Stop List” (p. 29).
Stop Name Description
Principal 8’
Octave 4’
Super Octave 2’Foundation stop of principal.
Nason Flute 8’
Spitzflöte 4’Foundation stop of Flute.
Nazard 2 2/3’
Quintflöte 1 1/3’Mutation stop of Flute.
Subbass 16’
Bass Coupler Stop.
The name “Bass Coupler”originates from the old Italian term
“Basso Continuo”(Thoroughbass).
When this stop is activated, this tone is applied only to the
lowest note being played on the keyboard. This allows the bass
sound to be played even without the pedals, so you can enjoy
deep, rich ensemble performances.
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
Organ section
SUBBASS
16'
NAZARD
2 2/3'
SPITZFLÖTE
4'
1 1/3'
2'
OCTAVE
4'
PRINCIPAL
8'
NASON
FLUTE
8'
QUINTFLÖTE
SUPER
OCTAVE
MEMO

15
Basic Operation—Playing
Changing the Range Played with the Bass Coupler
Immediatelyafterpower to theinstrumentis turned on, C2–C4(thetwo octaves between
the lowest-sounding C and Middle C) is specified as the range in which the Bass Coupler
sounds. However, this range can be altered.
fig.02-04
➤Procedure
While holding down the [Function] button, press the [Split Point]
button, and while continuing hold down the two buttons, press the
highest key, up to which the Bass Coupler will sound.
Use the C2–G4 notes to select the key.
You can play the Bass Coupler sound within the range between C2 to the specified key.
fig.02-05
While you specify the range, playing the keyboard will not produce a sound. You can change the
range in the intervals of playing on stage.
When the power is turned on, the setting is returned to C2–C4.
The range played with the Bass Coupler
C2–C4
C2–G4
Press the highest key,
up to which the Bass Coupler will sound.
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
While holding down [Function] and [Split Point]
C2–G4
MEMO
MEMO

16
Basic Operation—Playing
■Automatically Storing the Drawknob Settings ([Manual] button)
fig.02-06
Whenthe[Manual] button is selected (the buttonindicatorlights),it automatically stores
the setting of which drawknob is ON or OFF.
After pressing the [R1]/[R2] buttons to call up a Registration, you can still restore the
arrangement existing before the Registration was called up by pressing the [Manual]
button, and then this can be used as a third Registration.
The drawknob arrangement stored to the [Manual] button remains in effect until the
instrument’s power is turned off.
All drawknobs are set to OFF when the [Manual] button is selected immediately after the power
is turned on.
■Storing Organ Tones You Have Created in the Registration Memory
([R1] and [R2] Buttons)
You can store the current drawknob arrangement (Registration) to the [R1] or [R2]
button.
Registrations remain stored at the [R1] or [R2] buttons when the instrument is turned off,
allowing you to call up the desired Registration with the press of a button.
➤Procedure
Hold down the [Function] button and press the [R1] button or the
[R2] button.
The current drawknob arrangement is stored either to the [R1] or [R2] button.
fig.02-06a
Do not turn the power off before one second has elapsed after pressing one of these buttons.
Otherwise, the contents of the Registration maybe changed.
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
MEMO
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
While holding down the [Function] button
Press one of these buttons
NOTE

17
Basic Operation—Playing
■Calling Up Stored Organ Tones ([R1] and [R2] Buttons)
➤Procedure
Press the [R1] button or the [R2] button.
When the button is pressed, its indicator lights, and the Registration stored to it is called
up.
fig.02-06
You can still use the drawknobs when selecting the [R1] or [R2] button.
However, once changed, the new arrangement of the drawknob is not stored until the store
procedure is carried out.
If the [R1] or [R2] button is pressed again before the changed configuration is stored, the
immediately preceding version of the Registration is called up.
Selecting Other Tones–Ensemble Section
Inaddition to the organ tone, this instrument includes three other built-in tones assigned
to the three tone buttons below.
These three tone buttons are collectively referred to as the Ensemble section.
➤Procedure
Press one of the tone buttons in the Ensemble section.
The indicator of the tone button you pressed will light, and that tone will be selected.
fig.02-07
You can play the tones for both Organ section and Ensemble section in combination. For details
refer to “Playing with Layered Organ Section and Ensemble Section Tones” (p. 18).
Tone Name Description
Chimes The sound of a chime.
Celesta The sound of a celesta.
Choir The sound of a choir.
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
Press one of these buttons
MEMO
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
Ensemble section
MEMO

18
Basic Operation—Playing
Playing with Layered Organ Section and
Ensemble Section Tones
You can select one tone each from the Organ and Ensemble sections, and then perform
with the two tones layered.
Example: Using Celesta for the [Manual] button tone, Chimes for the [R2] button tone
➤Procedure
While holding down one of the Organ section buttons, press the
button in the Ensemble section for the tone you want to layer.
The indicators of both buttons will light, and you will be able to play both sounds
simultaneously.
It is not possible to layer sounds within the same section (Celesta and Choir, for
example).
fig.02-08
Cancelling All Selected Tones ([Cancel] Button)
You can cancel all tone selections with one button.
➤Procedure
Press the [Cancel] button.
All tone selections, including those made with the drawknobs, are cancelled, restoring
the arrangement selected with the [Manual] button.
This is the same status existing when the power is turned on.
fig.02-08b
Registrations stored to the [R1] and [R2] buttons are not deleted.
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
Example : To add Celesta to the [Manual] button tone
While holding down the [Manual] button, press the [Celesta] button.
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
MEMO

19
Basic Operation—Playing
Using Baroque Pitch
The standard pitch can be changed from A=440 Hz (when the [Tuning] knob is in the
center position) to the A=415 Hz pitch that is often used as Baroque pitch.
➤Procedure
Press the [Baroque Pitch] button.
The button indicator will light, and the overall pitch will drop by a semitone (100 cents).
fig.02-09
To return to the A=440Hz pitch, press the same button once again.
If you wish to use other pitches, refer to “Tuning” (p. 22) or “Transposing the Keyboard”
(p. 26).
ChoirCelestaChimesR 1 R 2Manual Ensemble Cancel
Organ Pitch
Baroque ment Tempera-
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Min Max
Reverb
Demo Write Write Octave Shift Split FunctionUpDown
Point Pedal Mode
MEMO

20
Basic Operation—Playing
Selecting a Temperament
The C-280 allows you to change the temperament simply by pressing a button.
➤Procedure
Repeatedly press the [Temperament] button until the indicator for
the desired temperament lights.
Hold down the [Temperament] button, and the indicators for the various temperaments
you can select from will successively go into the blinking state. When the indicator for
the temperament you want is blinking, release your finger from the button. That
temperament will then be placed in effect.
After advancing to Just Minor, you will return again to Equal.
fig.02-10b
When you turn on the power, Equal is selected.
You can select one of the following eight temperaments.
Temperament Description
Equal Here, notes in all scales are spaced uniformly; this is the most widely used temperament.
Werckmeister
This is Werckmeister temperament, type 1-3.
This temperament offers greater freedom of modulation than does the Meantone, so it is popular for
chordal compositions with key signatures having few accidentals, or for melodic playing in compositions
featuring many accidentals.
Kirnberger
This is Kirnberger temperament, type 3.
While providing freedom of modulation, the clear difference between the Werckmeister temperament’s
pure thirds and those which are not pure brings out the differences in resonance from the adjustments. In
particular, the sensation of tension is strongest in the third between A and C.
Vallotti (Young)
This tuning eliminates the dissonant (wolf) interval of the Pythagorean scale, and uses something
approaching a pure third only for this interval.
Of all the temperaments here, this is closest to the Equal temperament in being without idiosyncrasies.
The Young temperament is obtained by changing the tonic to G. As the temperament of this instrument
centers on A, be sure to retune when playing together with another instrument.
Vallotti is suitable for keys with flats in the key signature, such as the key of F major or B flat major, and
Young is suitable for key signatures with sharps, such as D major or E major.
Meantone
This is Aaron’s meantone temperament.
This temperament is composed differently, with the pure fifth compromised to permit modulation that is
impossible in Just tunings. The dissonant fifth between G and E when C is the tonic is preserved,
making it possible to modulate up to three sharps and two flats in Major keys, and up to two flats in minor
keys.
Pythagorean
While melodic lines played in this temperament, consisting of pure fourths and fifths, resonate
beautifully, the overt acoustic discrepancy of the thirds makes it unsuitable for harmonic playing.
Furthermore, the dissonant (wolf) fifth is preserved (between G and E when C is the tonic), thus
disallowing modulation.
On the other hand, in chordal applications, shifting the tonic six semitones (for example, performing in C
Major when the Tonic is G ) and using a wolf interval between the root and the third allows you to
achieve something very close to a Just temperament.
Equal
Werckmeister
Kirnberger
Vallotti
Meantone
Just Major
Pythagorean
Just Minor
Return to Equal
ment
Tempera-
MEMO

21
Basic Operation—Playing
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Notes on the Use of Classical Temperaments
Using the temperament whose characteristics are best suited for the type of music being played allows one to
draw even more of the beauty and tension contained in a piece. In particular, employing temperaments that
can be transposed in pieces featuring modulation results in subtle changes in chords’resonance, permitting
alterations in the work’s subtle coloration.
Werckmeister combined with Meantone and Pythagorean scales is one temperament that allows a high degree
of freedom in modulation, and it has been used in pieces from Bach’s day on into modern times. The
Kirnberger temperament was also devised with a similar technique, with its use centering on Bach’s organ
works.
The Meantone temperament, popular throughout Europe during the Baroque period, was commonly used in
the works of Handel and other Baroque composers, as well as composers of the Renaissance.
In the Middle Ages, Gregorian chants were sung in churches, so the Pythagorean temperament was used due
to the lengthy reverberation times.
The Vallotti is the most recent of these temperaments. While close to the Equal temperament, it is to a degree
Just, so it is adaptable to pitches from other instruments, and is often used in today’s ensembles.
Originating in ancient Greece, the Just temperaments, while not well suited for solo passages, can be used
effectively in cases such as in choral practices for which Just chords are required. In recent years, they have
come to be used in types of music in which the beauty of such chords is thought to be useful in promoting
healing.
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Changing the Root Note
You must specify the root note to match the key in which you wish to play.
➤Procedure
Hold down the [Temperament] button, and play the key for the
desired root note.
fig.02-11
When the power is turned on, the key of C will be selected for the root note.
It is possible to change the root note even when the temperament except for Equal temperament
is selected. However, for temperaments that allow modulation (Werckmeister, Kirnberger,
Vallotti, etc.), you will normally use the default setting of C.
The root note that is specified by this operation will not change even if you change the
temperament. When performing in an ensemble, discrepancies in pitch may result when you
switch the temperament or the root note. On the C-280, the pitch of other notes is always
adjusted relative to the pitch of the A note.
Just Major
This is a temperament in which the primary triads are created with a pure third and fifth.
While this temperament provides beautiful chords with no acoustic discrepancy, the considerable
irregularity of intervals in the scale makes it unsuitable for melodic playing. This acoustic discrepancy is
especially pronounced between D and A, and between A and C, so no modulation is possible.
Just Minor
As in Just Major, intervals in the primary triads are preserved as pure.
The dissonance of the interval between C and A in Major mode is improved, allowing the primary triads
to be played in minor mode. The tonic is set to C when the power is turned on, making such chords in C
minor pure.
Temperament Description
ment
Tempera-
Press the key for the root note
While holding down
MEMO
MEMO
MEMO