Romantis Satellite Communications UHP-1000 User manual

SATELLITE ROUTER
UHP-1000
USER MANUAL
SOFTWARE RELEASE 3.0
MAY 2013

Table of contents
1. Glossary
2. Hardware overview and functions
2.1 Interfaces and controls
3. State analysis
3.1 Front panel indication
3.2 Faults
3.3 Events
4. UHP access for configuration
4.1 USB interface
4.2 Telnet interface
4.3 Default configuration
5. Command interface
6. HTTP interface
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Selection tree
6.3 Statistics frame
6.4 Main screen overview
7. Site setup
8. Profiles
8.1 Profiles basics
8.2 Profile running rules and profile operation states
8.3 Basic profile configuration
8.4 TDM/SCPC RX
8.5 TDM/SCPC TX
8.6 MODULATOR
8.7 TLC
8.8 ACM
8.9 TDMA RF
8.10 TDMA protocol
8.11 TDMA Timing
8.12 Crosspol RF
8.13 TDMA Bandwidth allocation
8.14 Return channel
9. Routing and Bridging
9.1 SVLAN overview
9.2 IP router
9.3 Routing Table
9.4 IP address
9.5 Static Route
9.6 TX map
9.7 VLAN Bridge
9.8 SVLAN Receive
10. IP Protocols
10.1 SNMP
10.2 DHCP
10.3 RIP
10.4 SNTP
10.5 RTP
10.6 TFTP
10.7 Multicast
10.8 Acceleration
10.9 COTM/AMIP
10.10 Other settings
11. QOS
11.1 Policies
11.2 Shapers
11.3 Real-Time
11.4 Service monitoring
12. Network
12.1 Network Overview
12.2 Stations
12.3 MF-TDMA
12.4 Statistics of ACM
12.5 SCPC TLC / NMS / Redundancy
12.5.1 SCPC TLC
12.5.2 NMS
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12.5.3 Redundancy
13. System
13.1 Overview
13.2 Interfaces
13.3 Ethernet statistics
13.4 Demodulator statistics
13.5 Modulator statistics
13.6 Time-related
13.7 User access
13.8 Flash/Boot
13.9 Save/Load
14. Maintenance
14.1 Support information
14.2 Pointing
14.3 Network Command
14.4 Traffic generator
14.5 Reboot
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1. Glossary
16 Amplitude and Phase-shift keying or Asymmetric Phase-shift keying, (APSK), is a digital
modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or modulating, both the amplitude and the
phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave).
16APSK
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or
modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave).
8PSK
Automatic Gain Control
AGC
BCH code is a multilevel cyclic variable-length digital error-correcting code used for correcting
multiple random error patterns. BCH codes may also be used with multilevel phase-shift keying
whenever the number of levels is a prime number or a power of a prime number.
BCH
Block Up-Converter is used in the transmission (uplink) of satellite signals. It converts a band (or
"block") of frequencies from a lower frequency to a higher frequency.
BUC
Carrier-to-noise ratio, often written as CNR or C/N, is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a
modulated signal.
C/N
Constant coding and modulation. DVB-S2 mode when MODCOD is not changed during channel
operation.
CCM
Communication on the move.
COTM
Compressed Real-time Transport Protocol, header compression of IP/UDP/RTP datagrams
reduces header overhead.
CRTP
Demand Assigned Multiple Access. Channel establishment on demand.
DAMA
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) is a 6-bit field in the header of IP packets for packet
classification purposes. DSCP replaces the outdated IP precedence, a 3-bit field in the Type of
Service byte of the IP header originally used to classify and prioritize types of traffic
DSCP
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a suite of internationally accepted open standards for digital
television.
DVB
Ratio of Energy per bit (Eb) to Noise density (N0).
Eb/N0
Effective Isotropically Radiated Power.
EIRP
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute is an independent, non-profit,
standardization organization in the telecommunications industry (equipment makers and network
operators) in Europe, with worldwide projection.
ETSI
In telecommunication and information theory, forward error correction (FEC) is a system of error
control for data transmission, whereby the sender adds redundant data to its messages, also
known as an error-correction code.
FEC
Method of transmission queues handling when packets from lower priority queue are not
transmitted until all packets from higher priority queue are transmitted.
Hard priority
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative,
hypermedia information systems.
HTTP
Sequence of time slot s. Number of slots is frame length . Repeated every ~100 ms while
assignment of stations to slots can vary every frame.
Frame
TDMA service packet describing which station should transmit in which time slot . Generated ~10
times per second.
Frame plan
Central Station of satellite network that is managing all the stations and resources
HUB
Special mode of operation when all stations are transmitting to one TDMA carrier and all
receiving this carrier.
Hubless
Hardware
HW
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used by networked devices to send error
messages indicating, for instance, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router
could not be reached.
ICMP
Intelsat Earth Station Standards
IESS
Connection from the indoor equipment (modem/router) to the outdoor equipment at the antenna
normally involves two inter-facility (IFL) cables.
IFL
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts
and adjacent routers on IP networks to establish multicast group memberships.
IGMP
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Channel from stations to hub.
Inroute
IP is the usual abbreviation for Internet Protocol.
IP
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is a linear error correcting code, a method of transmitting
a message over a noisy transmission channel, and is constructed using a sparse bipartite graph.
LDPC
Low-noise block converter installed at satellite antenna.
LNB
Oscillator built into RF block converter ( BUC or LNB ). Value of LO is usually written on block
enclosure or in datasheet.
Local oscillator
DVB-S2 frames 64800 bits long (including FEC). Require slightly lower C/N than short frames .
Long frames
Main station of hubless network. Master allocates bandwidth and performs stations acquisition.
Master
Multiple channels per carrier. All TDM carriers generated by UHP can be treated as MCPC. Even
if they are called SCPC .
MCPC
Capability of station allowing to receive other stations via TDMA link.
Mesh
TDMA working on several RF channels simultaneously. All MF channels work as one aggregate
TDMA channel.
MF-TDMA
Modulation and coding mode of DVB-S2 transmission.
MODCOD
Network Management System
NMS
Station of satellite network which is able to receive information directly from other network
stations.
Node
Out-Door Unit
ODU
Forward TDM channel from HUB to stations.
Outroute
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or
modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave).
QPSK
Concatenated Reed-Solomon/Viterbi FEC used in DVB-S1 standard.
RSV
Absolute RF level of entire signal (carrier + adjacent carriers) expressed in dBm.
RF level
Single Channel Per Carrier
SCPC
DVB-S2 frames 16200 bits long (including FEC). Advisable to use at lower symbol rates.
Produce less delay than Long frames .
Short frames
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) is a protocol and software implementation for
synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data
networks.
SNTP
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio" In analog and digital communications, signal-to-noise ratio, (S/N or
SNR), is a measure of signal strength relative to background noise. The ratio is usually measured
in decibels (dB).
SNR
Symbol Rate
SR
Type of network with one central station (hub) and several peripheral stations.
Star
Software
SW
Time Division Multiplexing. Access mode when streams for different users are mixed in one
channel.
TDM
Time Division Multiple Access. Access mode when channel is shared between users with
allocatind time periods when each user is using the channel.
TDMA
Telecommunication Network (Telnet) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area
networks to provide a bidirectional interactive communications facility. Typically, telnet provides
access to a command-line interface on a remote host via a virtual terminal connection.
Telnet
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a file transfer protocol, with the functionality of a very basic
form of File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
TFTP
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is the set of network protocols used for the Internet. With
UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagram, to other
hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without requiring prior communications to set up special
transmission channels or data paths.
UDP
Time format used by UHP. Plus sign at the begining (+HH:MM:SS or +NN d HH:MM:SS)denotes
relative time from some event or UHP start-up. If UHP has time synchronized to hub or SNTP
absolute time can be displayed. Time zone affects absolute time.
Timestamp
Time interval for station transmission.
Time slot
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USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a specification to establish communication between devices and a
host controller (usually personal computers).
USB
A virtual LAN, commonly known as a VLAN, is a group of hosts with a common set of
requirements that communicate as if they were attached to the same broadcast domain,
regardless of their physical location.
VLAN
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for
delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched
networks.
VoIP
Very Small Aperture Terminal" satellite earth station with small-size antenna
VSAT
Weighted fair queueing. Method of proportional division of bandwidth between transmission
queues.
WFQ
Simple file-transfer protocol working through terminals and serial lines.
X-modem
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2. Hardware overview and functions
2.1 Interfaces and controls
Back panel of UHP has connectors for attachment of radio equipment cables, power and USB. It also has reset button.
UHP back view
Power connector (DC IN)
UHP-1000 router is powered with 24 VDC. AC Power supply adaptor is supplied with the set. The router can be powered
from a DC power source (batteries, DC-DC converter), but the specific power supply mode should be agreed upon with
the Manufacturer. Power supply connector features dimensions 5.5 / 2.1 mm (outer and inner diameters). Positive terminal
of the source is on the center contact.
LAN interface connector
LAN connector is purposed for connecting to Ethernet switch using a straight cable. Bit rate 10 or 100 and duplex mode
are software selectable. Indicators built into the connector mean the following: left one (green) - connection (Link) and data
transmission (Activity), the right one - yellow) - activation of half-duplex mode.
USB Console
The console port provides local control of the device.
RESET button
Router reset is provided using this button. Also, using special combination of pressings this button allows router reset to
factory settings.
High-speed demodulator IF input (SCPC RX)
SCPC-RX is one of the two signal inputs to receive signals from the satellite (LNB). This input is designed to receive
continuous (SCPC/MCPC) carriers in DVB-S and DVB-S2 formats from the satellite. 18 V DC LNB power can be output
to this connector by UHP. Whether power source in on or off, the input can withstand external voltage up to 50 V (power
supply circuit is provided with a diode). Power supply circuit is protected with a self-recovering thermal fuse operating in
case of short circuiting. After short circuiting is removed it may be required to disconnect load from Rx inputs for several
seconds so as to allow the fuse to return to its initial state.
Cable length and cable quality (losses level) can affect the quality and possibility of receiving signals.
Demodulator of the continuous signals is intended for reception of satellite channels transmitted by another UHP router
only. On the physical level, transmission format complies with DVB-S and DVB-S2 standards but the channel information
filling (encalsulation) is proprietary and incompatible with DVB - there are no PIDs, etc.
To receive signal (carrier) from satellite, it is essential to know at least four parameters:
- The satellite used in the network (antenna should be pointed to this satellite)
- Polarization (proper polarization should be selected on in the demodulator configuration or the receive converter on the
antenna should be turned to the required position if its polarization cannot be switched over using its supply voltage)
- Carrier center frequency (enter its value in the demodulator configuration)
- Carrier symbol rate (enter the value in the demodulator configuration)
Channel frequency conversion
Satellite channel frequencies fall into five bands:
- Ka (24.0 GHz - 31.5 GHz) - frequency at which Ka satellites transmit and receive carriers
- Ku (10.7 GHz - 12.5 GHz) - frequency at which Ku satellites transmit and receive carriers
- X (7.2 GHz - 11 GHz) - frequency at which X satellites transmit and receive carriers
- C (4 GHz - 5 GHz) - frequency at which C satellites transmit and receive carriers
- L (950 MHz -2050 MHz) - frequency converted by the receive converter (LNB) and which is applied to the router's
demodulator input
UHP itself outputs and inputs L-band frequencies. RF equipment attached to antenna - BUC transmitter and LNB receiver
shift frequencies to fit them to ranges accepted by satellite.
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Frequency conversion
Some BUCs and LNBs (most of C-band LNBs) use special conversion scheme having down-side frequency conversion
with spectrum inversion. Inversion occurs when BUC LO is higher than required TX frequency. TDM demodulator can
automatically detect spectrum inversion. TDMA demodulator cannot detect it itself and will not work if inversion is not
switched on on modulator to compensate BUC inversion.
Frequency conversion with BUC spectrum inversion
Reception of the signal is done by receive converter (LNB). It performs two functions: amplification of the weak signals and
converting them to signals at a much lower frequency called intermediate frequency or IF. When converting the frequency,
frequency of the local oscillator (LO) is subtracted from that of the signal received by LNB from the satellite. LO frequency
of various LNBs can be 10 GHz (professional converters), 0.975 GHz and 10.7 GHz (sat TV converters). LO frequency is
usually written on the converter case label or in its Manual.
There are double-frequency (wideband) converters containing two LOs with different frequencies. These converters are
switched over using frequency 22 KHz. UHP-1000 routers do not support 22 KHz control signals and cannot switch LO in
such converters. If converter switches the LO using voltage of 13/18 V, the router will be capable of switching LO
frequency.
Burst demodulator IF input (TDMA RX)
TDMA-RX is the second input for the signal from the satellite (LNB). This input is designed to receive bursts (TDMA) in
UHP proprietary format. The input can also provide, from the router side, supply voltage 13 or 18 V, similar voltages being
simultaneously fed to both inputs. The router can feed this input with a reference signal for using PLL LNB requiring
external reference signal. When reference signal is switched off the router will not distort reference signal arriving at the
input from outside. The rest conditions are similar to those across SCPC RX.
Warning: The total current consumed by external equipment through both RX inputs should not be in excess of 750
mA. Normally, current consumption by DRO LNB is 150 mA, PLL LNB - 500 mA.
Modulator output (TX OUT)
UHP-1000 modulator is compatible with most satellite transmitters/converters (BUC). Those incompatible are only
transmitters that require to explicit "TX On" FSK command but such transmitters are extremely rare and are not widely
employed.
Modulator is connected directly to the transmitter IF connector. Router provides 24 VDC power supply to the transmitter
and 10 MHz reference signal. UHP-1000 is not provided with a separate protection on the transmitter power supply
circuitry. Use is made of current protection for the power supply adapter. In case of a short circuit the router is de-
energized and then gets restarted. If power supply is switched on in the configuration, restarts continue at 5 seconds
interval until short circuiting is removed. Powering UHP via TX cable with 24V is possible.
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Warning: Any operations with TX IF cable should be performed with 24 V supply voltage turned off. Otherwise, self-
induction across a long cable can damage the transmitter and/or UHP. TX out output can feature 24 VDC with a high
short-circuit current. Short circuiting can cause sparks and burns. This voltage can damage measurement equipment
if it is not protected at its inputs. External voltage supplied to this connector will be "diode added" to UHP power
voltage. Supplying negative voltage to center pin more than 24 V of positive voltage is prohibited.
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3. State analysis
There are several sources giving information about UHP status and problems.
3.1 Front panel indication
UHP has six LED (Light Emitting Diode) indicators on the front panel. These indicators show status information and
information flow through interfaces.
ERROR
"ERROR" red indicator makes it possible to infer about problems in the router functioning. The type of the generated
problem can be judged by the number of indicator flashes:
1 - Demodulator cannot receive MCPC channel from the Hub or other UHP. Please check AGC value in the demodulator
statistics to determine whether there is a signal from antenna (see description of reception problems) to separate LNB
and cable faults.
2 - Router cannot receive TDMA configuration from the HUB (TDM/TDMA network mode). The reason can be in the non-
availability of receive channel from the HUB, CRC errors during reception, wrong configuration of the station.
3 - Router cannot calculate time shift with respect to the HUB. The reason can be in the non-availability of reception or a
large number of CRC errors during reception.
4 - HUB cannot receive signal from this station. Please check transmit signal level of the terminal, whether power supply
and the reference signal for the transmitter are switched on (or off if required), whether DTTS or geographical coordinates
are set correctly in the TDMA settings.
5 - Unit is in Backup state of Redundancy mode. Not an error.
Continuous signal with short dims means that the router has hardware or configuration errors, which can be viewed with
the command # show errors .
If ERROR indicator is continuously lit upon power on it means hardware failure of UHP occured which prevents software
from starting. Try to power it off and power on again or press RESET button on rear panel.
STATUS
"STATUS" green indicator indicates the router operation mode. This indicator is always flashing. If it does not flash it
means that the router is not running properly (try to power off or reset). Slow flashing (once every second) means router
normal operation. Faster flashing (3 times every second) means that a Telnet remote control session is established (in this
case USB console does not operate until session is over).
Fast (6 times every second), simultaneous flashing of "ERROR" and "STATUS" indicators means that the router is
functioning with the factory default configuration. Access to the router in this mode is possible either via USB of via IP-
address 192.168.222.222 (mask 255.255.255.248 or /29).
LOCK
"LOCK" green indicator indicates whether the router receives a channel from the HUB. If there are CRC errors during
reception of information from the channel (e.g. with weak signal from the antenna), the indicator extinguishes for a fraction
of a second at every error. If there are too many errors the indicator may not glow at all in spite of the fact that the router
receives the channel (in this case please check the router demodulator statistics).
TDMA
"TDMA" yellow indicator flashes every time a data placket is received via TDMA RX interface.
SCPC
"SCPC" yellow indicator flashes every time a data placket is received via SCPC RX interface.
TX
"TX" yellow indicator flashes every time a data placket is transmitted in the MCPC mode, and also a burst in the TDMA
mode (bursts can be transmitted even if no data is transmitted inside them).
3.2 Faults
In the router software, there is an information block, which indicates any configuration errors. SYS event in HTTP interface
and "ERROR!!!" message in console prompt appears if the router has any configuration errors:
There are three types of messages:
- Hardware errors.
- Errors associated with the wrong choice of software or router mode.
- Configuration errors.
Current errors can be displayed by clicking on link inside SYS event in using UHP telnet command # show errors .
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