Safran CORTEX CRT Quantum User manual

© Safran Data Systems
COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT
CORTEXCRT
Quantum
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
DTU 100042
Is.Rev
5.17 –Date: Dec. 03, 2021
Total number of page(s): 345
Safran Data Systems - Site Paris
5 Avenue des Andes - CS 90101, 91978 COURTABOEUF Cedex - FRANCE . Tél: [phone] - Fax: [phone]

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page ii
EVOLUTIONS
Is.Rev
Date
Description
5.17
Decmber, 2021
New symbol for Electrical Safety
5.16
June, 2021
3.3.1.3 MS-FM demodulator
3.3.16.4 Continuous Descrambling
3.3.5.5 Dual Polarization and Frequency Combining
5.15
October 2020
April 2020
4D-8PSK-TCM Capabilities
Change to Safran Data Systems
4.2.7.5.7 Always Idle / 4.2.7.5.8 Enable primary acknowledgement
4.2.7.7.4 Change Time-tag Format
5.14
November 2019
January 2020
Update of Reed Solomon Coding/Decoding ratio
Update of the Doppler Compensation documentation
Extend to 8 TMU
5.13
July 2019
Update of CCSDS PN Regenrative Ranging
Correction relative humidity range
5.12
February 2019
May 2019
LDPC All Rate
Update of EFC Phase Noise specification
Hybrid Ranging
UTOA
Sweeping sinusoidal
5.11
January 2019
Descrambling with LFSR polynomials
NTP time code
BPSK Square BER
CCSDS standards update
COMSAT 4U with EFC Rear Panel Description
5.10
June 2018
CRT-Quantum integrated in the chassis IS00452
Removal of chassis IS00388 description
Update of safety instructions
5.9
March 2018
Update of Embedded Frequency Converter
5.8
February 2018
All-Rate Viterbi
5.7
March 2017
April 2017
Video test points (STS output)
New board: Embedded Frequency Converter
5.6
February 02, 2016
RS-422 connector interface and new model SM01037243D
5.5
June 12, 2015
CRT Quantum with chassis IS00427, lock threshold correction, Vector analysis
5.4
December 24, 2014
Update of Test points allocation and tuning, AGC dynamic voltage. Anti False Lock (AFL)
5.3
July 28, 2014
Power supply ratings, environmental conditions
5.2
January 2, 2014
WEEE marking
5.1
January 30, 2013
Markings and security
5.0
January 27, 2012
CRT Quantum with Windows 7e
4.X
June 2008 to …
CRT DS with Windows XPe
3.X
Dec. 2003 to Oct. 2011
4-U CRT Quantum /XL2 units with Windows 2000 and Windows XPe
2.X
Jan. 2002 to Mar. 2003
4-U CRT-NT units with Windows NT OS
1.X
May 1998 to April 2001
6-U CRT-NT units with Windows NT OS

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page iii
COPYRIGHT
THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS
UNDER THE COPYRIGHT LAWS,IT MUST NOT BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY
FORM,ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL,INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING,RECORDING,STORING
IN AN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM,OR TRANSLATING,IN WHOLE OR IN PART
WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS.

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................................1
1.1. SCOPE....................................................................................................................................................................2
1.2. CORTEX CRT QUANTUM MAIN FEATURES ..........................................................................................................4
1.3. MISSION OF THE CORTEX CRT QUANTUM..........................................................................................................4
1.3.1. Telemetry Processing.....................................................................................................................................5
1.3.2. Satellite Telecommanding.............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.3. Satellite Tracking (Range and Doppler Measurement) ................................................................................. 6
1.3.4. Simulation & Testing..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4. ARCHITECTURE ....................................................................................................................................................7
1.4.1. Functional Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 7
1.4.2. Hardware Architecture.................................................................................................................................. 8
1.4.2.1. PC-compatible Workstation.........................................................................................................................................9
1.4.2.1.1. 4U Chassis –IS00427 ............................................................................................................................................9
1.4.2.1.2. 2U Chassis –IS00452 ..........................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.2. Main Signal Processing Board...................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.2.1. Main Features.......................................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.2.2. Downlink Input Signal Selection..........................................................................................................................11
1.4.2.2.3. Uplink Output Signal Selection............................................................................................................................12
1.4.2.3. Interconnection Panel.................................................................................................................................................12
1.4.2.3.1. The Integrated Interconnection Panel...................................................................................................................12
1.4.2.3.2. The 3U Interconnection Panel..............................................................................................................................12
1.4.3. Software....................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.3.1. Local or Remote M&C ..............................................................................................................................................13
1.4.3.2. Signal Processing Software Package..........................................................................................................................13
1.4.3.3. Monitoring & Control Software Package...................................................................................................................14
1.4.3.4. Command Operation Procedure Software Package (COP) ........................................................................................14
1.4.3.5. SLE Gateway Software Package (CSGW).................................................................................................................14
1.4.3.6. Password Protection...................................................................................................................................................14
1.4.3.7. CORTEX Configuration at Delivery..........................................................................................................................15
1.4.3.8. Software Version .......................................................................................................................................................15
1.5. COMPARISON BETWEEN CRTQUANTUM AND CRT XL/XL2....................................................................... 16
1.6. CORTEX CRT QUANTUM PERFORMANCES.................................................................................................... 19
1.6.1. IF Reception ................................................................................................................................................ 20
1.6.1.1. Analog Reception ......................................................................................................................................................20
1.6.1.1.1. IF Stages...............................................................................................................................................................20
1.6.1.1.2. Auxiliary Inputs....................................................................................................................................................20
1.6.1.2. PM and FM Demodulation ........................................................................................................................................21
1.6.1.2.1. PM Demodulation ................................................................................................................................................21
1.6.1.2.2. FM Demodulation ................................................................................................................................................21
1.6.1.3. Direct PCM Demodulation ........................................................................................................................................22
1.6.1.3.1. IF Demodulation ..................................................................................................................................................22
1.6.1.3.2. Bit Synchronization and Decoding.......................................................................................................................22
1.6.1.4. Telemetry Processing.................................................................................................................................................23
1.6.1.4.1. Low Bandwidth Telemetry...................................................................................................................................23
1.6.1.4.2. High Bandwidth Telemetry with Sub-carrier .......................................................................................................24
1.6.1.4.3. Frame Synchronization. Telemetry Storage .........................................................................................................25
1.6.1.4.4. Diversity Combining............................................................................................................................................26
1.6.2. IF Modulation.............................................................................................................................................. 27
1.6.3. Satellite Ranging.......................................................................................................................................... 28
1.6.4. Doppler Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 29
1.6.5. Satellite Commanding (Low Bandwidth Mode)........................................................................................... 30
1.6.6. Satellite Commanding (High Bandwidth Mode).......................................................................................... 31
1.6.7. Telemetry Simulation................................................................................................................................... 32
1.6.8. Doppler Compensation................................................................................................................................ 32
1.6.8.1. Carrier, Sub-Carrier and Bit Rate...............................................................................................................................32
1.6.9. Time Code & Reference Clock Interface ..................................................................................................... 33

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page v
1.6.9.1. Time Code Decoding & Data Time-tagging..............................................................................................................33
1.6.9.2. Reference Frequency .................................................................................................................................................34
1.6.9.2.1. External Reference ...............................................................................................................................................34
1.6.9.2.2. Internal Reference ................................................................................................................................................34
1.6.10. Optional RF Stage ....................................................................................................................................... 35
1.6.10.1. Down Convertor Specifications.................................................................................................................................35
1.6.10.2. Up Convertor Specifications......................................................................................................................................35
1.6.10.3. Synthesizer Specifications .........................................................................................................................................36
1.6.11. Mechanical –Environment.......................................................................................................................... 36
1.6.12. Supply.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
1.7. SOFTWARE LICENSES ......................................................................................................................................... 37
1.8. REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION .......................................................................................................................... 37
1.9. INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................... 38
1.10. SHIPPING ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................40
2.1. CORTEX CRT QUANTUM INTEGRATION ........................................................................................................... 41
2.1.1. Mounting of the Boards ............................................................................................................................... 41
2.2. NETWORK INTERFACES...................................................................................................................................... 41
2.2.1. CPU Board Ethernet Port ........................................................................................................................... 41
2.2.2. TCP-IP Interfaces........................................................................................................................................ 42
2.2.3. UDP Interface for Telemetry Data Flow..................................................................................................... 44
2.3. CORTEX CONNECTION TO THE EXTERNAL WORLD.......................................................................................... 44
2.3.1. Interconnection Panels and Associated Cables........................................................................................... 44
2.3.1.1. Integrated Simplified Interconnection panel..............................................................................................................45
2.3.1.2. Full Interconnection panel (3U).................................................................................................................................46
2.3.2. I/O Connectors description............................................................................................................................ 1
2.3.2.1. External interconnection panel.....................................................................................................................................1
2.3.2.2. Integrated panel............................................................................................................................................................6
2.3.3. Industrial Computer Rear Panel description................................................................................................. 1
2.3.3.1. Chassis 4U IS00427.....................................................................................................................................................1
2.3.3.1.1. Configuration SM01037242C: COMSAT 4U without EFC...................................................................................1
2.3.3.1.2. Configuration SM01037242C: COMSAT 4U with EFC........................................................................................2
2.3.3.1.3. Configuration SM01037243D: Agencies / AIT 4U without EFC...........................................................................4
2.3.3.1.4. Configuration S107583 : Agencies / AIT 4U with EFC.........................................................................................6
2.3.3.2. Chassis 2U IS00452.....................................................................................................................................................8
2.3.3.2.1. Configuration S100684: COMSAT 2U without EFC.............................................................................................8
2.3.3.2.2. Configuration S100685: Agencies / AIT 2U without EFC.....................................................................................9
2.3.3.2.3. Configuration S100686: COMSAT 2U with EFC................................................................................................10
2.3.3.2.4. Configuration S100687: Agencies / AIT with EFC..............................................................................................11
2.3.4. Test Points Configuration............................................................................................................................ 12
2.3.4.1. Video Test Points.......................................................................................................................................................13
2.3.4.2. TTL and RS422 Data I/Os .........................................................................................................................................15
3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................18
3.1. MONITORING &CONTROL................................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.1. Monitoring................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.1.1. Standard Monitoring Protocol....................................................................................................................................19
3.1.1.2. Low Bandwidth Monitoring Protocol ........................................................................................................................20
3.1.2. Control......................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2. LOGGING............................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.1. General........................................................................................................................................................ 21
3.2.2. Storage of Logging Data ............................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.3. Additional Flows Logging ........................................................................................................................... 21
3.3. IF DEMODULATION &TELEMETRY PROCESSING............................................................................................. 22
3.3.1. Demodulation Capability............................................................................................................................. 22
3.3.1.1. Low & High Bandwidth TMU...................................................................................................................................22
3.3.1.2. Demodulation without Sub-Carrier............................................................................................................................23

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page vi
3.3.1.2.1. Constellation Convention.....................................................................................................................................26
3.3.1.2.2. AQPSK Processing...............................................................................................................................................26
3.3.1.2.3. GMSK Demodulation...........................................................................................................................................27
3.3.1.2.4. SOQPSK Demodulation.......................................................................................................................................28
3.3.1.2.5. 8PSK Demodulation.............................................................................................................................................29
3.3.1.3. FM demodulation.......................................................................................................................................................30
3.3.1.3.1. FM Discriminator.................................................................................................................................................30
3.3.1.3.2. PCM/FM modulation ...........................................................................................................................................32
3.3.1.3.3. Supported PCM/FM demodulators.......................................................................................................................33
3.3.1.3.4. Multi-Symbol PCM/FM Demodulator –Parameters recommended setting.........................................................34
3.3.1.3.4.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 34
3.3.1.3.4.2. Modulation index................................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.1.3.4.3. Propagation Factor............................................................................................................................. 36
3.3.1.4. IF Level Measurement...............................................................................................................................................37
3.3.1.5. Low Bandwidth TMU................................................................................................................................................37
3.3.2. IF Carrier Acquisition................................................................................................................................. 38
3.3.2.1. Acquisition Algorithms..............................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.1. FFT –Wide Spectrum..........................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.2. FFT –Narrow Spectrum.......................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.3. Scanning Sweep ...................................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.4. Highest Spectrum Line.........................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.5. Center Spectrum Line...........................................................................................................................................39
3.3.2.1.6. Barycentre Frequency...........................................................................................................................................40
3.3.2.1.7. Manual Sweep......................................................................................................................................................41
3.3.2.1.8. Acquisition By-Pass.............................................................................................................................................41
3.3.2.2. IF Receiver in Video Mode........................................................................................................................................42
3.3.2.2.1. PM and Coherent AM Demodulation...................................................................................................................42
3.3.2.2.2. FM Demodulation ................................................................................................................................................42
3.3.2.2.3. By-pass, Spectrum and Non Coherent AM Modes...............................................................................................42
3.3.2.3. IF Receiver in PCM Mode.........................................................................................................................................43
3.3.2.3.1. PCM/PM Demodulation.......................................................................................................................................44
3.3.2.3.2. BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, SOQPSK GMSK Demodulation....................................................................................44
3.3.2.3.3. AQPSK Demodulation.........................................................................................................................................44
3.3.3. IF Carrier Tracking..................................................................................................................................... 45
3.3.3.1. 2nd Order PLL ............................................................................................................................................................45
3.3.3.2. 3rd Order PLL.............................................................................................................................................................47
3.3.4. Doppler Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 48
3.3.4.1. Sampling Mode..........................................................................................................................................................48
3.3.4.2. Accumulated Phase Format .......................................................................................................................................48
3.3.4.3. Interpolation Process..................................................................................................................................................49
3.3.4.4. Doppler Computing ...................................................................................................................................................50
3.3.4.5. Impact of Phase Errors on Doppler Computing .........................................................................................................51
3.3.4.6. Sampling Period Resolution.......................................................................................................................................51
3.3.4.6.1. Error Due to Computing.......................................................................................................................................51
3.3.4.6.2. Error Due to Floating Representation...................................................................................................................52
3.3.5. Diversity Combining.................................................................................................................................... 52
3.3.5.1. General.......................................................................................................................................................................52
3.3.5.1.1. Post Detection Diversity Combining....................................................................................................................53
3.3.5.1.2. Pre Detection Diversity Combining......................................................................................................................54
3.3.5.2. Outputs.......................................................................................................................................................................55
3.3.5.2.1. Post Detection Diversity Combining....................................................................................................................55
3.3.5.2.2. Pre Detection Diversity Combining......................................................................................................................56
3.3.5.3. Signal Processing.......................................................................................................................................................57
3.3.5.4. Signal Routing ...........................................................................................................................................................58
3.3.5.5. Dual Polarization and Frequency combining.............................................................................................................59
3.3.6. Data Decoding............................................................................................................................................. 61
3.3.6.1. Descrambling.............................................................................................................................................................61
3.3.6.2. Convolutional Decoding............................................................................................................................................62
3.3.6.3. 4D-8PSK-TCM Decoding..........................................................................................................................................63
3.3.6.3.1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................64
3.3.6.3.2. 4D-8PSK-TCM Coder..........................................................................................................................................65
3.3.6.3.3. Differential Coder.................................................................................................................................................66
3.3.6.3.4. Convolutional Coder ............................................................................................................................................67
3.3.6.3.5. Constellation Mapper for 4D-8PSK-TCM ...........................................................................................................68

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page vii
3.3.6.4. Reed-Solomon Decoding...........................................................................................................................................69
3.3.6.5. Turbo Decoding.........................................................................................................................................................70
3.3.6.6. Probability of Bit Error ..............................................................................................................................................72
3.3.6.6.1. PCM/BPSK/PM (Low or High Bandwidth).........................................................................................................72
3.3.6.6.2. PCM/BPSK Square/PM (Low or High Bandwidth) .............................................................................................73
3.3.6.6.3. High Bandwidth Direct PCM (PCM/PM) ............................................................................................................73
3.3.6.6.4. High Bandwidth Direct PCM (BPSK)..................................................................................................................73
3.3.6.7. LDPC Decoding.........................................................................................................................................................73
3.3.7. Ambiguities Solving, I/O Ports & By-passing Capabilities ......................................................................... 76
3.3.7.1. Low Bandwidth TMU................................................................................................................................................76
3.3.7.2. High Bandwidth TMU with Sub-carrier ....................................................................................................................77
3.3.7.3. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: no Viterbi Decoding ..................................................................................................79
3.3.7.4. High Bandwidth PCM: Single Viterbi Decoding.......................................................................................................82
3.3.7.5. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: Dual Dcoding ............................................................................................................84
3.3.7.6. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: DQPSK or DOQPSK.................................................................................................87
3.3.7.7. High Bandwidth PCM: Dual + Differential decoding................................................................................................90
3.3.7.8. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: AQPSK......................................................................................................................93
3.3.8. Frame Synchronization................................................................................................................................ 95
3.3.8.1. Frame Synchronization Strategy................................................................................................................................95
3.3.8.2. PSK Ambiguity Solving ............................................................................................................................................96
3.3.8.3. Frame Synchronizer Operating Modes.......................................................................................................................97
3.3.8.4. AFL: Anti False Lock................................................................................................................................................97
3.3.9. Frame Verification....................................................................................................................................... 98
3.3.10. Telemetry Frames or Raw Data................................................................................................................... 98
3.3.11. Telemetry Data Time-Tagging..................................................................................................................... 98
3.3.12. Real-Time of Off-line Telemetry Server....................................................................................................... 99
3.3.12.1. Telemetry Request .....................................................................................................................................................99
3.3.12.2. Telemetry Buffers......................................................................................................................................................99
3.3.12.3. Telemetry Data Flows..............................................................................................................................................100
3.3.12.3.1. Single Frame / Block Transmission....................................................................................................................100
3.3.12.3.2. Permanent Flow..................................................................................................................................................100
3.3.12.3.3. Permanent Flow and Dummy TM......................................................................................................................100
3.3.13. Telemetry Data Decommutation................................................................................................................ 100
3.3.14. Telemetry Data Storage on the Disk.......................................................................................................... 101
3.3.15. Blind Equalization..................................................................................................................................... 103
3.3.15.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................103
3.3.15.2. DEAF.......................................................................................................................................................................104
3.3.15.2.1. Configuration of the DEAF Algorithm...............................................................................................................106
3.3.16. Descrambling mode (LFSR polynomials).................................................................................................. 107
3.3.16.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................107
3.3.16.2. CCSDS Descrambling .............................................................................................................................................107
3.3.16.3. Configuration of the Descrambling..........................................................................................................................107
3.3.16.4. Continuous Descrambling........................................................................................................................................108
3.3.17. UTOA (Time Of Arrival precise measurements)........................................................................................ 109
3.3.17.1. Prerequisites.............................................................................................................................................................109
3.3.17.2. Supported PCM Codes and Channel Encoding........................................................................................................109
3.3.17.3. Registry Configuration.............................................................................................................................................110
3.3.17.4. TCP/IP Interface ......................................................................................................................................................110
3.4. IF MODULATION &TELEMETRY SIMULATION................................................................................................ 111
3.4.1. Uplink Resources....................................................................................................................................... 111
3.4.1.1. Low Bandwidth Scenario.........................................................................................................................................112
3.4.1.2. High Bandwidth Scenario........................................................................................................................................113
3.4.1.2.1. PM and FM Modulation.....................................................................................................................................113
3.4.1.2.1.1. Single PCM Input Signal.................................................................................................................. 113
3.4.1.2.1.2. Video + PCM Input Signals ............................................................................................................. 114
3.4.1.2.2. BPSK Modulation ..............................................................................................................................................115
3.4.1.2.3. QPSK and OQPSK Modulation .........................................................................................................................116
3.4.1.2.3.1. Without Convolutional Encoding.................................................................................................... 116
3.4.1.2.3.2. With Single Convolutional Encoding .............................................................................................. 117
3.4.1.2.3.3. With Dual Convolutional Encoding ................................................................................................ 117
3.4.1.2.3.4. With Differential Encoding.............................................................................................................. 117

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page viii
3.4.1.2.3.5. With Dual Convolutional and Differential Encoding .................................................................... 118
3.4.1.2.4. AQPSK Modulation ...........................................................................................................................................119
3.4.2. Noise Generator Option ............................................................................................................................ 120
3.4.2.1. IFM Output Stage Architecture................................................................................................................................120
3.4.2.2. C/No Adjust.............................................................................................................................................................120
3.4.2.3. Noise Bandwidth......................................................................................................................................................120
3.4.3. Telemetry Simulation................................................................................................................................. 121
3.4.3.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................121
3.4.3.2. Operating modes......................................................................................................................................................121
3.4.3.3. Encoding..................................................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.1. Convolutional Encoding.....................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.2. Tcm ....................................................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.3. Reed-Solomon....................................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.4. Turbo-Code ........................................................................................................................................................124
LDPC Encoding.....................................................................................................................................................1261.1.1.1.1
3.4.4. Uplink Digital Filter.................................................................................................................................. 128
3.4.4.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................128
3.4.4.2. Filter Characteristics................................................................................................................................................128
3.4.5. Sweeping.................................................................................................................................................... 131
3.5. SATELLITE TELECOMMANDING ....................................................................................................................... 132
3.5.1. General...................................................................................................................................................... 132
3.5.1.1. Satellite TC Request ................................................................................................................................................133
3.5.1.2. “Wait & Verify” Instruction with Time-out and Retry ............................................................................................134
3.5.1.3. “Execute” Instruction...............................................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.4. “Pause” Instruction ..................................................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.5. “Wait for Absolute Time” Instruction......................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.6. “TCU Unlock” Instruction .......................................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.7. “NOP” Instruction....................................................................................................................................................135
3.5.1.8. “Stop Idling” Instruction..........................................................................................................................................135
3.5.1.9. “Group” Instruction .................................................................................................................................................135
3.5.1.10. “Data + Execute” Instruction ...................................................................................................................................135
3.5.2. Satellite TC Requests and Instructions Sequencing................................................................................... 135
3.5.3. CLCW Checking & IF Carrier Sweeping .................................................................................................. 137
3.5.4. TC Demodulation by a Telemetry Chain ................................................................................................... 142
3.5.5. Local Satellite Telecommanding Capabilities ........................................................................................... 143
3.5.6. Telecommand Socket Closure.................................................................................................................... 143
3.5.7. TC Watchdog............................................................................................................................................. 143
3.5.7.1. Activation/Inhibition of the TC Watchdog Mechanism...........................................................................................143
3.5.7.2. TC Watchdog Mechanism .......................................................................................................................................143
3.5.8. Telecommand Unit Testing........................................................................................................................ 144
3.5.9. “COP” Software Package......................................................................................................................... 144
3.5.10. Carrier and Modulation Sequencing ......................................................................................................... 145
3.5.10.1. Carrier OFF, no Idle pattern.....................................................................................................................................145
3.5.10.2. Carrier ON, no Idle pattern ......................................................................................................................................145
3.5.10.3. Carrier OFF and Idle pattern....................................................................................................................................146
3.5.10.4. Carrier ON and Idle pattern .....................................................................................................................................146
3.5.11. Progressive modulation index ................................................................................................................... 147
3.6. RANGE MEASUREMENT.................................................................................................................................... 148
3.6.1. General...................................................................................................................................................... 148
3.6.1.1. Supported Standards ................................................................................................................................................148
3.6.1.2. Ranging ports...........................................................................................................................................................148
3.6.1.3. “Local” Ranging Client............................................................................................................................................148
3.6.1.4. Continuous Mode (All modes except INMARSAT and LMCO).............................................................................149
3.6.1.5. Ranging Sequence (All modes except INMARSAT and LMCO)............................................................................150
3.6.2. Frequency Programming........................................................................................................................... 151
3.6.2.1. Major Tone Frequency.............................................................................................................................................152
3.6.2.2. Minor Tone Frequencies (ESA-like and USB Tone Standards)...............................................................................152
3.6.3. Downlink Tones Processing....................................................................................................................... 153
3.6.3.1. Tone Acquisition......................................................................................................................................................153
3.6.3.1.1. Phase-Locked Loop............................................................................................................................................153
3.6.3.1.2. Doppler Compensation (ESA, ESA-like, Hybrid Ranging and USB Standards)................................................153
3.6.3.2. Ambiguity Solving & Quality Factor.......................................................................................................................154

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page ix
3.6.3.2.1. ESA, ESA-like, Hybrid Ranging and USB Standards........................................................................................154
3.6.3.2.2. ESA Code Standard............................................................................................................................................156
3.6.3.3. Phase-shift Measurement.........................................................................................................................................157
3.6.3.4. Phase-shift Correction for Ambiguity Solving.........................................................................................................157
3.6.3.4.1. “Spectrum Correction” .......................................................................................................................................157
3.6.3.4.2. “Ground Correction” ..........................................................................................................................................158
3.6.3.4.3. “Board Correction”.............................................................................................................................................158
3.6.3.5. Doppler Rate Aid and Doppler Aid .........................................................................................................................159
3.6.3.5.1. Doppler Effects ..................................................................................................................................................159
3.6.3.5.2. Carrier Doppler Shift in Coherent Mode............................................................................................................159
3.6.3.5.3. Carrier Doppler Shift in Non-Coherent Mode....................................................................................................160
3.6.3.5.4. Doppler Rate Aid Principle and Architecture.....................................................................................................161
3.6.3.5.5. Doppler Aid Principle and Architecture.............................................................................................................162
3.6.3.6. Range Measurements Sampling...............................................................................................................................164
3.6.4. Other programming Parameters ............................................................................................................... 165
3.6.4.1. Number of Measurements & Sequences..................................................................................................................165
3.6.4.2. Tone Validation and Tone Sequence (ESA-like and USB tone Standards) .............................................................165
3.6.4.3. Measurement Sampling............................................................................................................................................165
3.6.4.4. Integration Time ......................................................................................................................................................165
3.6.4.5. Tone Level Ratio .....................................................................................................................................................166
3.6.4.6. PLL Bandwidth........................................................................................................................................................166
3.6.4.7. Sequence Timing & Ambiguity Solving..................................................................................................................167
3.6.4.7.1. ESA, ESA-like and USB Tone Standards ..........................................................................................................167
3.6.4.7.2. ESA Code Standard............................................................................................................................................168
3.6.5. Measurement Time-Tagging...................................................................................................................... 169
3.6.6. Ranging Transaction Messages................................................................................................................. 170
3.6.6.1. Range Measurement.................................................................................................................................................170
3.6.6.2. Calibration Measurement.........................................................................................................................................170
3.6.6.3. Time and Doppler Measurement..............................................................................................................................171
3.6.7. Storage of Ranging Messages.................................................................................................................... 172
3.6.8. ESA Tone Standard.................................................................................................................................... 173
3.6.8.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.2. Tone Frequencies.....................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.2.1. Virtual Tones......................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.2.2. Real Tones..........................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.3. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................174
3.6.9. ESA-like and USB Tone Standards............................................................................................................ 176
3.6.9.1. Frequency Programming..........................................................................................................................................176
3.6.9.2. Number of Tones and Transmission Rank...............................................................................................................177
3.6.9.3. Real and Virtual Minor Tone Frequency .................................................................................................................177
3.6.9.4. Ambiguity Distance .................................................................................................................................................177
3.6.9.4.1. Integer Ratio Between Q Factors........................................................................................................................177
3.6.9.4.2. Non-Integer Ratio Between Q Factors ...............................................................................................................178
3.6.10. INMARSAT / LMCO Tone Standards........................................................................................................ 179
3.6.10.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................179
3.6.10.2. Tone Frenquencies...................................................................................................................................................179
3.6.10.3. Minor Tone Sub-Carrier...........................................................................................................................................179
3.6.10.4. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................179
3.6.11. ESA Code Standard ................................................................................................................................... 182
3.6.11.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................182
3.6.11.2. Frequency Programming..........................................................................................................................................182
3.6.11.3. Code Programming..................................................................................................................................................182
3.6.11.4. Tone & Code Set Time ............................................................................................................................................183
3.6.11.5. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................183
3.6.12. PN Codes Standard (Regenerative PN Ranging) ...................................................................................... 185
3.6.12.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................185
3.6.12.2. Frequency Programming..........................................................................................................................................185
3.6.12.3. Code Programming..................................................................................................................................................186
3.6.12.4. Shaping Filter...........................................................................................................................................................186
3.6.12.5. Tone & Code Set Time ............................................................................................................................................187
3.6.12.6. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................188
3.6.13. Hybrid Ranging Standard.......................................................................................................................... 190
3.6.13.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................190
3.6.13.2. Tone Frequencies.....................................................................................................................................................190
3.6.13.3. Ambiguity................................................................................................................................................................192

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page x
3.6.13.4. Integration Time ......................................................................................................................................................194
3.6.13.5. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................194
3.6.13.6. Hybrid Ranging Calibration.....................................................................................................................................196
3.6.13.6.1. SQPN Epoch Position and Ranging Tones Coherency and Synchronisation .....................................................196
3.6.13.6.2. Ranging Calibration Operation...........................................................................................................................199
3.6.14. Ranging Performance Vs Noise & Doppler............................................................................................... 200
3.7. DOPPLER COMPENSATION................................................................................................................................ 201
3.7.1. General...................................................................................................................................................... 201
3.7.2. Concerned Units........................................................................................................................................ 201
3.7.3. Doppler Compensation Process ................................................................................................................ 202
3.7.3.1. Doppler Compensation Mechanism.........................................................................................................................203
3.7.4. Dopple Compensation Instruction Set ....................................................................................................... 205
3.7.4.1. Doppler Table Initialization.....................................................................................................................................205
3.7.4.2. Append Doppler Table.............................................................................................................................................205
3.7.4.3. Clear Doppler Table.................................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.4. Save Doppler Table..................................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.5. Load Doppler Table.................................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.6. Doppler Table Start Date .........................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.7. Doppler Table End Date ..........................................................................................................................................206
3.7.5. Time Management ..................................................................................................................................... 207
3.8. RF STAGE.......................................................................................................................................................... 208
3.8.1. DownLink Cannels..................................................................................................................................... 209
3.8.1.1. Input Frequency.......................................................................................................................................................210
3.8.1.2. Input Gain................................................................................................................................................................211
3.8.2. UpLink Channels....................................................................................................................................... 212
3.8.2.1. Output Frequency ....................................................................................................................................................213
3.8.2.2. Output Level............................................................................................................................................................214
3.8.3. Calibration................................................................................................................................................. 214
3.8.4. Reference Clock Interface.......................................................................................................................... 215
3.8.5. Interconnection.......................................................................................................................................... 217
4. OPERATION MANUAL.......................................................................................................218
4.1. STARTING AND CONFIGURING THE CORTEX ................................................................................................... 218
4.1.1. First Steps.................................................................................................................................................. 218
4.1.1.1. Starting the PC Workstation ....................................................................................................................................218
4.1.1.2. Starting the Signal Processing Software ..................................................................................................................219
4.1.1.3. Starting the Monitoring & Control Software ...........................................................................................................219
4.1.2. Factory Configuration............................................................................................................................... 220
4.1.3. Software Exit & CORTEX Shutdown......................................................................................................... 220
4.1.3.1. Exiting the Monitoring & Control Software ............................................................................................................220
4.1.3.2. Exiting the Signal Processing Software ...................................................................................................................220
4.1.3.3. Restarting the SPS & MCS......................................................................................................................................220
4.1.3.4. Cortex Shutdown .....................................................................................................................................................221
4.1.4. 4U Chassis Screen Saver........................................................................................................................... 221
4.1.5. 2U Chassis Front Panel Display ............................................................................................................... 222
4.1.5.1. Overview..................................................................................................................................................................222
4.1.5.2. Capabilities ..............................................................................................................................................................223
4.1.5.3. Menu Description ....................................................................................................................................................223
4.1.5.4. Functional Description.............................................................................................................................................224
4.1.5.4.1. Shutdown System...............................................................................................................................................224
4.1.5.4.2. Network..............................................................................................................................................................224
4.1.5.4.2.1. Change LAN Mode........................................................................................................................... 224
4.1.5.4.2.2. Change IP Address, SubNet Mask or Gateway Address in Static Mode ..................................... 225
4.1.5.4.3. Rename WorkStation .........................................................................................................................................225
4.1.5.4.4. Configure Additional Status...............................................................................................................................226
4.1.6. Third-Party Software................................................................................................................................. 227
4.2. SIGNAL PROCESSING SOFTWARE..................................................................................................................... 228
4.2.1. CTX Documents......................................................................................................................................... 228
4.2.2. SPS Start Sequence.................................................................................................................................... 228
4.2.3. Configuring the CORTEX from CTX Documents ...................................................................................... 229