Safran CORTEX CRT Quantum User manual

© Safran Data Systems
COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT
CORTEXCRT
Quantum
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
DTU 100042
Is.Rev
5.17 –Date: Dec. 03, 2021
Total number of page(s): 345
Safran Data Systems - Site Paris
5 Avenue des Andes - CS 90101, 91978 COURTABOEUF Cedex - FRANCE . Tél: [phone] - Fax: [phone]

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page ii
EVOLUTIONS
Is.Rev
Date
Description
5.17
Decmber, 2021
New symbol for Electrical Safety
5.16
June, 2021
3.3.1.3 MS-FM demodulator
3.3.16.4 Continuous Descrambling
3.3.5.5 Dual Polarization and Frequency Combining
5.15
October 2020
April 2020
4D-8PSK-TCM Capabilities
Change to Safran Data Systems
4.2.7.5.7 Always Idle / 4.2.7.5.8 Enable primary acknowledgement
4.2.7.7.4 Change Time-tag Format
5.14
November 2019
January 2020
Update of Reed Solomon Coding/Decoding ratio
Update of the Doppler Compensation documentation
Extend to 8 TMU
5.13
July 2019
Update of CCSDS PN Regenrative Ranging
Correction relative humidity range
5.12
February 2019
May 2019
LDPC All Rate
Update of EFC Phase Noise specification
Hybrid Ranging
UTOA
Sweeping sinusoidal
5.11
January 2019
Descrambling with LFSR polynomials
NTP time code
BPSK Square BER
CCSDS standards update
COMSAT 4U with EFC Rear Panel Description
5.10
June 2018
CRT-Quantum integrated in the chassis IS00452
Removal of chassis IS00388 description
Update of safety instructions
5.9
March 2018
Update of Embedded Frequency Converter
5.8
February 2018
All-Rate Viterbi
5.7
March 2017
April 2017
Video test points (STS output)
New board: Embedded Frequency Converter
5.6
February 02, 2016
RS-422 connector interface and new model SM01037243D
5.5
June 12, 2015
CRT Quantum with chassis IS00427, lock threshold correction, Vector analysis
5.4
December 24, 2014
Update of Test points allocation and tuning, AGC dynamic voltage. Anti False Lock (AFL)
5.3
July 28, 2014
Power supply ratings, environmental conditions
5.2
January 2, 2014
WEEE marking
5.1
January 30, 2013
Markings and security
5.0
January 27, 2012
CRT Quantum with Windows 7e
4.X
June 2008 to …
CRT DS with Windows XPe
3.X
Dec. 2003 to Oct. 2011
4-U CRT Quantum /XL2 units with Windows 2000 and Windows XPe
2.X
Jan. 2002 to Mar. 2003
4-U CRT-NT units with Windows NT OS
1.X
May 1998 to April 2001
6-U CRT-NT units with Windows NT OS

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page iii
COPYRIGHT
THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS
UNDER THE COPYRIGHT LAWS,IT MUST NOT BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY
FORM,ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL,INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING,RECORDING,STORING
IN AN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM,OR TRANSLATING,IN WHOLE OR IN PART
WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS.

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................................1
1.1. SCOPE....................................................................................................................................................................2
1.2. CORTEX CRT QUANTUM MAIN FEATURES ..........................................................................................................4
1.3. MISSION OF THE CORTEX CRT QUANTUM..........................................................................................................4
1.3.1. Telemetry Processing.....................................................................................................................................5
1.3.2. Satellite Telecommanding.............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.3. Satellite Tracking (Range and Doppler Measurement) ................................................................................. 6
1.3.4. Simulation & Testing..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4. ARCHITECTURE ....................................................................................................................................................7
1.4.1. Functional Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 7
1.4.2. Hardware Architecture.................................................................................................................................. 8
1.4.2.1. PC-compatible Workstation.........................................................................................................................................9
1.4.2.1.1. 4U Chassis –IS00427 ............................................................................................................................................9
1.4.2.1.2. 2U Chassis –IS00452 ..........................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.2. Main Signal Processing Board...................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.2.1. Main Features.......................................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2.2.2. Downlink Input Signal Selection..........................................................................................................................11
1.4.2.2.3. Uplink Output Signal Selection............................................................................................................................12
1.4.2.3. Interconnection Panel.................................................................................................................................................12
1.4.2.3.1. The Integrated Interconnection Panel...................................................................................................................12
1.4.2.3.2. The 3U Interconnection Panel..............................................................................................................................12
1.4.3. Software....................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.3.1. Local or Remote M&C ..............................................................................................................................................13
1.4.3.2. Signal Processing Software Package..........................................................................................................................13
1.4.3.3. Monitoring & Control Software Package...................................................................................................................14
1.4.3.4. Command Operation Procedure Software Package (COP) ........................................................................................14
1.4.3.5. SLE Gateway Software Package (CSGW).................................................................................................................14
1.4.3.6. Password Protection...................................................................................................................................................14
1.4.3.7. CORTEX Configuration at Delivery..........................................................................................................................15
1.4.3.8. Software Version .......................................................................................................................................................15
1.5. COMPARISON BETWEEN CRTQUANTUM AND CRT XL/XL2....................................................................... 16
1.6. CORTEX CRT QUANTUM PERFORMANCES.................................................................................................... 19
1.6.1. IF Reception ................................................................................................................................................ 20
1.6.1.1. Analog Reception ......................................................................................................................................................20
1.6.1.1.1. IF Stages...............................................................................................................................................................20
1.6.1.1.2. Auxiliary Inputs....................................................................................................................................................20
1.6.1.2. PM and FM Demodulation ........................................................................................................................................21
1.6.1.2.1. PM Demodulation ................................................................................................................................................21
1.6.1.2.2. FM Demodulation ................................................................................................................................................21
1.6.1.3. Direct PCM Demodulation ........................................................................................................................................22
1.6.1.3.1. IF Demodulation ..................................................................................................................................................22
1.6.1.3.2. Bit Synchronization and Decoding.......................................................................................................................22
1.6.1.4. Telemetry Processing.................................................................................................................................................23
1.6.1.4.1. Low Bandwidth Telemetry...................................................................................................................................23
1.6.1.4.2. High Bandwidth Telemetry with Sub-carrier .......................................................................................................24
1.6.1.4.3. Frame Synchronization. Telemetry Storage .........................................................................................................25
1.6.1.4.4. Diversity Combining............................................................................................................................................26
1.6.2. IF Modulation.............................................................................................................................................. 27
1.6.3. Satellite Ranging.......................................................................................................................................... 28
1.6.4. Doppler Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 29
1.6.5. Satellite Commanding (Low Bandwidth Mode)........................................................................................... 30
1.6.6. Satellite Commanding (High Bandwidth Mode).......................................................................................... 31
1.6.7. Telemetry Simulation................................................................................................................................... 32
1.6.8. Doppler Compensation................................................................................................................................ 32
1.6.8.1. Carrier, Sub-Carrier and Bit Rate...............................................................................................................................32
1.6.9. Time Code & Reference Clock Interface ..................................................................................................... 33

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page v
1.6.9.1. Time Code Decoding & Data Time-tagging..............................................................................................................33
1.6.9.2. Reference Frequency .................................................................................................................................................34
1.6.9.2.1. External Reference ...............................................................................................................................................34
1.6.9.2.2. Internal Reference ................................................................................................................................................34
1.6.10. Optional RF Stage ....................................................................................................................................... 35
1.6.10.1. Down Convertor Specifications.................................................................................................................................35
1.6.10.2. Up Convertor Specifications......................................................................................................................................35
1.6.10.3. Synthesizer Specifications .........................................................................................................................................36
1.6.11. Mechanical –Environment.......................................................................................................................... 36
1.6.12. Supply.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
1.7. SOFTWARE LICENSES ......................................................................................................................................... 37
1.8. REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION .......................................................................................................................... 37
1.9. INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................... 38
1.10. SHIPPING ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................40
2.1. CORTEX CRT QUANTUM INTEGRATION ........................................................................................................... 41
2.1.1. Mounting of the Boards ............................................................................................................................... 41
2.2. NETWORK INTERFACES...................................................................................................................................... 41
2.2.1. CPU Board Ethernet Port ........................................................................................................................... 41
2.2.2. TCP-IP Interfaces........................................................................................................................................ 42
2.2.3. UDP Interface for Telemetry Data Flow..................................................................................................... 44
2.3. CORTEX CONNECTION TO THE EXTERNAL WORLD.......................................................................................... 44
2.3.1. Interconnection Panels and Associated Cables........................................................................................... 44
2.3.1.1. Integrated Simplified Interconnection panel..............................................................................................................45
2.3.1.2. Full Interconnection panel (3U).................................................................................................................................46
2.3.2. I/O Connectors description............................................................................................................................ 1
2.3.2.1. External interconnection panel.....................................................................................................................................1
2.3.2.2. Integrated panel............................................................................................................................................................6
2.3.3. Industrial Computer Rear Panel description................................................................................................. 1
2.3.3.1. Chassis 4U IS00427.....................................................................................................................................................1
2.3.3.1.1. Configuration SM01037242C: COMSAT 4U without EFC...................................................................................1
2.3.3.1.2. Configuration SM01037242C: COMSAT 4U with EFC........................................................................................2
2.3.3.1.3. Configuration SM01037243D: Agencies / AIT 4U without EFC...........................................................................4
2.3.3.1.4. Configuration S107583 : Agencies / AIT 4U with EFC.........................................................................................6
2.3.3.2. Chassis 2U IS00452.....................................................................................................................................................8
2.3.3.2.1. Configuration S100684: COMSAT 2U without EFC.............................................................................................8
2.3.3.2.2. Configuration S100685: Agencies / AIT 2U without EFC.....................................................................................9
2.3.3.2.3. Configuration S100686: COMSAT 2U with EFC................................................................................................10
2.3.3.2.4. Configuration S100687: Agencies / AIT with EFC..............................................................................................11
2.3.4. Test Points Configuration............................................................................................................................ 12
2.3.4.1. Video Test Points.......................................................................................................................................................13
2.3.4.2. TTL and RS422 Data I/Os .........................................................................................................................................15
3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................18
3.1. MONITORING &CONTROL................................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.1. Monitoring................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.1.1. Standard Monitoring Protocol....................................................................................................................................19
3.1.1.2. Low Bandwidth Monitoring Protocol ........................................................................................................................20
3.1.2. Control......................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2. LOGGING............................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.1. General........................................................................................................................................................ 21
3.2.2. Storage of Logging Data ............................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.3. Additional Flows Logging ........................................................................................................................... 21
3.3. IF DEMODULATION &TELEMETRY PROCESSING............................................................................................. 22
3.3.1. Demodulation Capability............................................................................................................................. 22
3.3.1.1. Low & High Bandwidth TMU...................................................................................................................................22
3.3.1.2. Demodulation without Sub-Carrier............................................................................................................................23

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page vi
3.3.1.2.1. Constellation Convention.....................................................................................................................................26
3.3.1.2.2. AQPSK Processing...............................................................................................................................................26
3.3.1.2.3. GMSK Demodulation...........................................................................................................................................27
3.3.1.2.4. SOQPSK Demodulation.......................................................................................................................................28
3.3.1.2.5. 8PSK Demodulation.............................................................................................................................................29
3.3.1.3. FM demodulation.......................................................................................................................................................30
3.3.1.3.1. FM Discriminator.................................................................................................................................................30
3.3.1.3.2. PCM/FM modulation ...........................................................................................................................................32
3.3.1.3.3. Supported PCM/FM demodulators.......................................................................................................................33
3.3.1.3.4. Multi-Symbol PCM/FM Demodulator –Parameters recommended setting.........................................................34
3.3.1.3.4.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 34
3.3.1.3.4.2. Modulation index................................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.1.3.4.3. Propagation Factor............................................................................................................................. 36
3.3.1.4. IF Level Measurement...............................................................................................................................................37
3.3.1.5. Low Bandwidth TMU................................................................................................................................................37
3.3.2. IF Carrier Acquisition................................................................................................................................. 38
3.3.2.1. Acquisition Algorithms..............................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.1. FFT –Wide Spectrum..........................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.2. FFT –Narrow Spectrum.......................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.3. Scanning Sweep ...................................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.4. Highest Spectrum Line.........................................................................................................................................38
3.3.2.1.5. Center Spectrum Line...........................................................................................................................................39
3.3.2.1.6. Barycentre Frequency...........................................................................................................................................40
3.3.2.1.7. Manual Sweep......................................................................................................................................................41
3.3.2.1.8. Acquisition By-Pass.............................................................................................................................................41
3.3.2.2. IF Receiver in Video Mode........................................................................................................................................42
3.3.2.2.1. PM and Coherent AM Demodulation...................................................................................................................42
3.3.2.2.2. FM Demodulation ................................................................................................................................................42
3.3.2.2.3. By-pass, Spectrum and Non Coherent AM Modes...............................................................................................42
3.3.2.3. IF Receiver in PCM Mode.........................................................................................................................................43
3.3.2.3.1. PCM/PM Demodulation.......................................................................................................................................44
3.3.2.3.2. BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, SOQPSK GMSK Demodulation....................................................................................44
3.3.2.3.3. AQPSK Demodulation.........................................................................................................................................44
3.3.3. IF Carrier Tracking..................................................................................................................................... 45
3.3.3.1. 2nd Order PLL ............................................................................................................................................................45
3.3.3.2. 3rd Order PLL.............................................................................................................................................................47
3.3.4. Doppler Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 48
3.3.4.1. Sampling Mode..........................................................................................................................................................48
3.3.4.2. Accumulated Phase Format .......................................................................................................................................48
3.3.4.3. Interpolation Process..................................................................................................................................................49
3.3.4.4. Doppler Computing ...................................................................................................................................................50
3.3.4.5. Impact of Phase Errors on Doppler Computing .........................................................................................................51
3.3.4.6. Sampling Period Resolution.......................................................................................................................................51
3.3.4.6.1. Error Due to Computing.......................................................................................................................................51
3.3.4.6.2. Error Due to Floating Representation...................................................................................................................52
3.3.5. Diversity Combining.................................................................................................................................... 52
3.3.5.1. General.......................................................................................................................................................................52
3.3.5.1.1. Post Detection Diversity Combining....................................................................................................................53
3.3.5.1.2. Pre Detection Diversity Combining......................................................................................................................54
3.3.5.2. Outputs.......................................................................................................................................................................55
3.3.5.2.1. Post Detection Diversity Combining....................................................................................................................55
3.3.5.2.2. Pre Detection Diversity Combining......................................................................................................................56
3.3.5.3. Signal Processing.......................................................................................................................................................57
3.3.5.4. Signal Routing ...........................................................................................................................................................58
3.3.5.5. Dual Polarization and Frequency combining.............................................................................................................59
3.3.6. Data Decoding............................................................................................................................................. 61
3.3.6.1. Descrambling.............................................................................................................................................................61
3.3.6.2. Convolutional Decoding............................................................................................................................................62
3.3.6.3. 4D-8PSK-TCM Decoding..........................................................................................................................................63
3.3.6.3.1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................64
3.3.6.3.2. 4D-8PSK-TCM Coder..........................................................................................................................................65
3.3.6.3.3. Differential Coder.................................................................................................................................................66
3.3.6.3.4. Convolutional Coder ............................................................................................................................................67
3.3.6.3.5. Constellation Mapper for 4D-8PSK-TCM ...........................................................................................................68

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page vii
3.3.6.4. Reed-Solomon Decoding...........................................................................................................................................69
3.3.6.5. Turbo Decoding.........................................................................................................................................................70
3.3.6.6. Probability of Bit Error ..............................................................................................................................................72
3.3.6.6.1. PCM/BPSK/PM (Low or High Bandwidth).........................................................................................................72
3.3.6.6.2. PCM/BPSK Square/PM (Low or High Bandwidth) .............................................................................................73
3.3.6.6.3. High Bandwidth Direct PCM (PCM/PM) ............................................................................................................73
3.3.6.6.4. High Bandwidth Direct PCM (BPSK)..................................................................................................................73
3.3.6.7. LDPC Decoding.........................................................................................................................................................73
3.3.7. Ambiguities Solving, I/O Ports & By-passing Capabilities ......................................................................... 76
3.3.7.1. Low Bandwidth TMU................................................................................................................................................76
3.3.7.2. High Bandwidth TMU with Sub-carrier ....................................................................................................................77
3.3.7.3. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: no Viterbi Decoding ..................................................................................................79
3.3.7.4. High Bandwidth PCM: Single Viterbi Decoding.......................................................................................................82
3.3.7.5. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: Dual Dcoding ............................................................................................................84
3.3.7.6. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: DQPSK or DOQPSK.................................................................................................87
3.3.7.7. High Bandwidth PCM: Dual + Differential decoding................................................................................................90
3.3.7.8. High Bandwidth Direct PCM: AQPSK......................................................................................................................93
3.3.8. Frame Synchronization................................................................................................................................ 95
3.3.8.1. Frame Synchronization Strategy................................................................................................................................95
3.3.8.2. PSK Ambiguity Solving ............................................................................................................................................96
3.3.8.3. Frame Synchronizer Operating Modes.......................................................................................................................97
3.3.8.4. AFL: Anti False Lock................................................................................................................................................97
3.3.9. Frame Verification....................................................................................................................................... 98
3.3.10. Telemetry Frames or Raw Data................................................................................................................... 98
3.3.11. Telemetry Data Time-Tagging..................................................................................................................... 98
3.3.12. Real-Time of Off-line Telemetry Server....................................................................................................... 99
3.3.12.1. Telemetry Request .....................................................................................................................................................99
3.3.12.2. Telemetry Buffers......................................................................................................................................................99
3.3.12.3. Telemetry Data Flows..............................................................................................................................................100
3.3.12.3.1. Single Frame / Block Transmission....................................................................................................................100
3.3.12.3.2. Permanent Flow..................................................................................................................................................100
3.3.12.3.3. Permanent Flow and Dummy TM......................................................................................................................100
3.3.13. Telemetry Data Decommutation................................................................................................................ 100
3.3.14. Telemetry Data Storage on the Disk.......................................................................................................... 101
3.3.15. Blind Equalization..................................................................................................................................... 103
3.3.15.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................103
3.3.15.2. DEAF.......................................................................................................................................................................104
3.3.15.2.1. Configuration of the DEAF Algorithm...............................................................................................................106
3.3.16. Descrambling mode (LFSR polynomials).................................................................................................. 107
3.3.16.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................107
3.3.16.2. CCSDS Descrambling .............................................................................................................................................107
3.3.16.3. Configuration of the Descrambling..........................................................................................................................107
3.3.16.4. Continuous Descrambling........................................................................................................................................108
3.3.17. UTOA (Time Of Arrival precise measurements)........................................................................................ 109
3.3.17.1. Prerequisites.............................................................................................................................................................109
3.3.17.2. Supported PCM Codes and Channel Encoding........................................................................................................109
3.3.17.3. Registry Configuration.............................................................................................................................................110
3.3.17.4. TCP/IP Interface ......................................................................................................................................................110
3.4. IF MODULATION &TELEMETRY SIMULATION................................................................................................ 111
3.4.1. Uplink Resources....................................................................................................................................... 111
3.4.1.1. Low Bandwidth Scenario.........................................................................................................................................112
3.4.1.2. High Bandwidth Scenario........................................................................................................................................113
3.4.1.2.1. PM and FM Modulation.....................................................................................................................................113
3.4.1.2.1.1. Single PCM Input Signal.................................................................................................................. 113
3.4.1.2.1.2. Video + PCM Input Signals ............................................................................................................. 114
3.4.1.2.2. BPSK Modulation ..............................................................................................................................................115
3.4.1.2.3. QPSK and OQPSK Modulation .........................................................................................................................116
3.4.1.2.3.1. Without Convolutional Encoding.................................................................................................... 116
3.4.1.2.3.2. With Single Convolutional Encoding .............................................................................................. 117
3.4.1.2.3.3. With Dual Convolutional Encoding ................................................................................................ 117
3.4.1.2.3.4. With Differential Encoding.............................................................................................................. 117

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page viii
3.4.1.2.3.5. With Dual Convolutional and Differential Encoding .................................................................... 118
3.4.1.2.4. AQPSK Modulation ...........................................................................................................................................119
3.4.2. Noise Generator Option ............................................................................................................................ 120
3.4.2.1. IFM Output Stage Architecture................................................................................................................................120
3.4.2.2. C/No Adjust.............................................................................................................................................................120
3.4.2.3. Noise Bandwidth......................................................................................................................................................120
3.4.3. Telemetry Simulation................................................................................................................................. 121
3.4.3.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................121
3.4.3.2. Operating modes......................................................................................................................................................121
3.4.3.3. Encoding..................................................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.1. Convolutional Encoding.....................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.2. Tcm ....................................................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.3. Reed-Solomon....................................................................................................................................................123
3.4.3.3.4. Turbo-Code ........................................................................................................................................................124
LDPC Encoding.....................................................................................................................................................1261.1.1.1.1
3.4.4. Uplink Digital Filter.................................................................................................................................. 128
3.4.4.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................128
3.4.4.2. Filter Characteristics................................................................................................................................................128
3.4.5. Sweeping.................................................................................................................................................... 131
3.5. SATELLITE TELECOMMANDING ....................................................................................................................... 132
3.5.1. General...................................................................................................................................................... 132
3.5.1.1. Satellite TC Request ................................................................................................................................................133
3.5.1.2. “Wait & Verify” Instruction with Time-out and Retry ............................................................................................134
3.5.1.3. “Execute” Instruction...............................................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.4. “Pause” Instruction ..................................................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.5. “Wait for Absolute Time” Instruction......................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.6. “TCU Unlock” Instruction .......................................................................................................................................134
3.5.1.7. “NOP” Instruction....................................................................................................................................................135
3.5.1.8. “Stop Idling” Instruction..........................................................................................................................................135
3.5.1.9. “Group” Instruction .................................................................................................................................................135
3.5.1.10. “Data + Execute” Instruction ...................................................................................................................................135
3.5.2. Satellite TC Requests and Instructions Sequencing................................................................................... 135
3.5.3. CLCW Checking & IF Carrier Sweeping .................................................................................................. 137
3.5.4. TC Demodulation by a Telemetry Chain ................................................................................................... 142
3.5.5. Local Satellite Telecommanding Capabilities ........................................................................................... 143
3.5.6. Telecommand Socket Closure.................................................................................................................... 143
3.5.7. TC Watchdog............................................................................................................................................. 143
3.5.7.1. Activation/Inhibition of the TC Watchdog Mechanism...........................................................................................143
3.5.7.2. TC Watchdog Mechanism .......................................................................................................................................143
3.5.8. Telecommand Unit Testing........................................................................................................................ 144
3.5.9. “COP” Software Package......................................................................................................................... 144
3.5.10. Carrier and Modulation Sequencing ......................................................................................................... 145
3.5.10.1. Carrier OFF, no Idle pattern.....................................................................................................................................145
3.5.10.2. Carrier ON, no Idle pattern ......................................................................................................................................145
3.5.10.3. Carrier OFF and Idle pattern....................................................................................................................................146
3.5.10.4. Carrier ON and Idle pattern .....................................................................................................................................146
3.5.11. Progressive modulation index ................................................................................................................... 147
3.6. RANGE MEASUREMENT.................................................................................................................................... 148
3.6.1. General...................................................................................................................................................... 148
3.6.1.1. Supported Standards ................................................................................................................................................148
3.6.1.2. Ranging ports...........................................................................................................................................................148
3.6.1.3. “Local” Ranging Client............................................................................................................................................148
3.6.1.4. Continuous Mode (All modes except INMARSAT and LMCO).............................................................................149
3.6.1.5. Ranging Sequence (All modes except INMARSAT and LMCO)............................................................................150
3.6.2. Frequency Programming........................................................................................................................... 151
3.6.2.1. Major Tone Frequency.............................................................................................................................................152
3.6.2.2. Minor Tone Frequencies (ESA-like and USB Tone Standards)...............................................................................152
3.6.3. Downlink Tones Processing....................................................................................................................... 153
3.6.3.1. Tone Acquisition......................................................................................................................................................153
3.6.3.1.1. Phase-Locked Loop............................................................................................................................................153
3.6.3.1.2. Doppler Compensation (ESA, ESA-like, Hybrid Ranging and USB Standards)................................................153
3.6.3.2. Ambiguity Solving & Quality Factor.......................................................................................................................154

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page ix
3.6.3.2.1. ESA, ESA-like, Hybrid Ranging and USB Standards........................................................................................154
3.6.3.2.2. ESA Code Standard............................................................................................................................................156
3.6.3.3. Phase-shift Measurement.........................................................................................................................................157
3.6.3.4. Phase-shift Correction for Ambiguity Solving.........................................................................................................157
3.6.3.4.1. “Spectrum Correction” .......................................................................................................................................157
3.6.3.4.2. “Ground Correction” ..........................................................................................................................................158
3.6.3.4.3. “Board Correction”.............................................................................................................................................158
3.6.3.5. Doppler Rate Aid and Doppler Aid .........................................................................................................................159
3.6.3.5.1. Doppler Effects ..................................................................................................................................................159
3.6.3.5.2. Carrier Doppler Shift in Coherent Mode............................................................................................................159
3.6.3.5.3. Carrier Doppler Shift in Non-Coherent Mode....................................................................................................160
3.6.3.5.4. Doppler Rate Aid Principle and Architecture.....................................................................................................161
3.6.3.5.5. Doppler Aid Principle and Architecture.............................................................................................................162
3.6.3.6. Range Measurements Sampling...............................................................................................................................164
3.6.4. Other programming Parameters ............................................................................................................... 165
3.6.4.1. Number of Measurements & Sequences..................................................................................................................165
3.6.4.2. Tone Validation and Tone Sequence (ESA-like and USB tone Standards) .............................................................165
3.6.4.3. Measurement Sampling............................................................................................................................................165
3.6.4.4. Integration Time ......................................................................................................................................................165
3.6.4.5. Tone Level Ratio .....................................................................................................................................................166
3.6.4.6. PLL Bandwidth........................................................................................................................................................166
3.6.4.7. Sequence Timing & Ambiguity Solving..................................................................................................................167
3.6.4.7.1. ESA, ESA-like and USB Tone Standards ..........................................................................................................167
3.6.4.7.2. ESA Code Standard............................................................................................................................................168
3.6.5. Measurement Time-Tagging...................................................................................................................... 169
3.6.6. Ranging Transaction Messages................................................................................................................. 170
3.6.6.1. Range Measurement.................................................................................................................................................170
3.6.6.2. Calibration Measurement.........................................................................................................................................170
3.6.6.3. Time and Doppler Measurement..............................................................................................................................171
3.6.7. Storage of Ranging Messages.................................................................................................................... 172
3.6.8. ESA Tone Standard.................................................................................................................................... 173
3.6.8.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.2. Tone Frequencies.....................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.2.1. Virtual Tones......................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.2.2. Real Tones..........................................................................................................................................................173
3.6.8.3. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................174
3.6.9. ESA-like and USB Tone Standards............................................................................................................ 176
3.6.9.1. Frequency Programming..........................................................................................................................................176
3.6.9.2. Number of Tones and Transmission Rank...............................................................................................................177
3.6.9.3. Real and Virtual Minor Tone Frequency .................................................................................................................177
3.6.9.4. Ambiguity Distance .................................................................................................................................................177
3.6.9.4.1. Integer Ratio Between Q Factors........................................................................................................................177
3.6.9.4.2. Non-Integer Ratio Between Q Factors ...............................................................................................................178
3.6.10. INMARSAT / LMCO Tone Standards........................................................................................................ 179
3.6.10.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................179
3.6.10.2. Tone Frenquencies...................................................................................................................................................179
3.6.10.3. Minor Tone Sub-Carrier...........................................................................................................................................179
3.6.10.4. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................179
3.6.11. ESA Code Standard ................................................................................................................................... 182
3.6.11.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................182
3.6.11.2. Frequency Programming..........................................................................................................................................182
3.6.11.3. Code Programming..................................................................................................................................................182
3.6.11.4. Tone & Code Set Time ............................................................................................................................................183
3.6.11.5. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................183
3.6.12. PN Codes Standard (Regenerative PN Ranging) ...................................................................................... 185
3.6.12.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................185
3.6.12.2. Frequency Programming..........................................................................................................................................185
3.6.12.3. Code Programming..................................................................................................................................................186
3.6.12.4. Shaping Filter...........................................................................................................................................................186
3.6.12.5. Tone & Code Set Time ............................................................................................................................................187
3.6.12.6. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................188
3.6.13. Hybrid Ranging Standard.......................................................................................................................... 190
3.6.13.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................190
3.6.13.2. Tone Frequencies.....................................................................................................................................................190
3.6.13.3. Ambiguity................................................................................................................................................................192

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page x
3.6.13.4. Integration Time ......................................................................................................................................................194
3.6.13.5. Ranging Sequence....................................................................................................................................................194
3.6.13.6. Hybrid Ranging Calibration.....................................................................................................................................196
3.6.13.6.1. SQPN Epoch Position and Ranging Tones Coherency and Synchronisation .....................................................196
3.6.13.6.2. Ranging Calibration Operation...........................................................................................................................199
3.6.14. Ranging Performance Vs Noise & Doppler............................................................................................... 200
3.7. DOPPLER COMPENSATION................................................................................................................................ 201
3.7.1. General...................................................................................................................................................... 201
3.7.2. Concerned Units........................................................................................................................................ 201
3.7.3. Doppler Compensation Process ................................................................................................................ 202
3.7.3.1. Doppler Compensation Mechanism.........................................................................................................................203
3.7.4. Dopple Compensation Instruction Set ....................................................................................................... 205
3.7.4.1. Doppler Table Initialization.....................................................................................................................................205
3.7.4.2. Append Doppler Table.............................................................................................................................................205
3.7.4.3. Clear Doppler Table.................................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.4. Save Doppler Table..................................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.5. Load Doppler Table.................................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.6. Doppler Table Start Date .........................................................................................................................................206
3.7.4.7. Doppler Table End Date ..........................................................................................................................................206
3.7.5. Time Management ..................................................................................................................................... 207
3.8. RF STAGE.......................................................................................................................................................... 208
3.8.1. DownLink Cannels..................................................................................................................................... 209
3.8.1.1. Input Frequency.......................................................................................................................................................210
3.8.1.2. Input Gain................................................................................................................................................................211
3.8.2. UpLink Channels....................................................................................................................................... 212
3.8.2.1. Output Frequency ....................................................................................................................................................213
3.8.2.2. Output Level............................................................................................................................................................214
3.8.3. Calibration................................................................................................................................................. 214
3.8.4. Reference Clock Interface.......................................................................................................................... 215
3.8.5. Interconnection.......................................................................................................................................... 217
4. OPERATION MANUAL.......................................................................................................218
4.1. STARTING AND CONFIGURING THE CORTEX ................................................................................................... 218
4.1.1. First Steps.................................................................................................................................................. 218
4.1.1.1. Starting the PC Workstation ....................................................................................................................................218
4.1.1.2. Starting the Signal Processing Software ..................................................................................................................219
4.1.1.3. Starting the Monitoring & Control Software ...........................................................................................................219
4.1.2. Factory Configuration............................................................................................................................... 220
4.1.3. Software Exit & CORTEX Shutdown......................................................................................................... 220
4.1.3.1. Exiting the Monitoring & Control Software ............................................................................................................220
4.1.3.2. Exiting the Signal Processing Software ...................................................................................................................220
4.1.3.3. Restarting the SPS & MCS......................................................................................................................................220
4.1.3.4. Cortex Shutdown .....................................................................................................................................................221
4.1.4. 4U Chassis Screen Saver........................................................................................................................... 221
4.1.5. 2U Chassis Front Panel Display ............................................................................................................... 222
4.1.5.1. Overview..................................................................................................................................................................222
4.1.5.2. Capabilities ..............................................................................................................................................................223
4.1.5.3. Menu Description ....................................................................................................................................................223
4.1.5.4. Functional Description.............................................................................................................................................224
4.1.5.4.1. Shutdown System...............................................................................................................................................224
4.1.5.4.2. Network..............................................................................................................................................................224
4.1.5.4.2.1. Change LAN Mode........................................................................................................................... 224
4.1.5.4.2.2. Change IP Address, SubNet Mask or Gateway Address in Static Mode ..................................... 225
4.1.5.4.3. Rename WorkStation .........................................................................................................................................225
4.1.5.4.4. Configure Additional Status...............................................................................................................................226
4.1.6. Third-Party Software................................................................................................................................. 227
4.2. SIGNAL PROCESSING SOFTWARE..................................................................................................................... 228
4.2.1. CTX Documents......................................................................................................................................... 228
4.2.2. SPS Start Sequence.................................................................................................................................... 228
4.2.3. Configuring the CORTEX from CTX Documents ...................................................................................... 229

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xi
4.2.3.1. CTX Document Name Table ...................................................................................................................................229
4.2.3.2. CTX Document Storage and Loading......................................................................................................................229
4.2.4. Start-up Menu Selection by Remote Access Control (RAC)....................................................................... 231
4.2.4.1. General.....................................................................................................................................................................231
4.2.4.2. Menu Selection at SPS Start-up...............................................................................................................................232
4.2.4.3. MCS Graphical User Interface.................................................................................................................................233
4.2.5. SPS Version Identification......................................................................................................................... 234
4.2.5.1. Common Data..........................................................................................................................................................234
4.2.5.2. CORTEX CRT Quantum Specific Data...................................................................................................................235
4.2.6. CORTEX CRT Quantum File System Architecture.................................................................................... 235
4.2.7. SPS System Parameters Modification........................................................................................................ 237
4.2.7.1. General Procedure for Changing a Registry Key.....................................................................................................237
4.2.7.2. IF Reception.............................................................................................................................................................238
4.2.7.2.1. Non-coherent / Coherent AGC...........................................................................................................................238
4.2.7.2.2. AGC Dynamic Voltage Scaling (SPS E5R25 and Higher).................................................................................239
4.2.7.2.3. DQPSK, DOQPSK, DSOQPSK and GMSK Code ............................................................................................240
4.2.7.2.4. IF Receiver Locking Threshold..........................................................................................................................240
4.2.7.2.5. I/Q Swap Inverted (NT Compatibility)...............................................................................................................240
4.2.7.2.6. PLL Order ..........................................................................................................................................................240
4.2.7.2.7. Video Signal Output (NT Compatibility)...........................................................................................................241
4.2.7.3. Telemetry Processing...............................................................................................................................................241
4.2.7.3.1. Telemetry Buffers in RAM ................................................................................................................................241
4.2.7.3.2. Telemetry Data Storage on the Disk...................................................................................................................241
4.2.7.3.3. Bit Synchronizer Mode.......................................................................................................................................242
4.2.7.3.4. Removal of the R-S Codeblock and Synchronization Word ..............................................................................242
4.2.7.3.5. Removal of the Synchronization Word for Frame Checking..............................................................................242
4.2.7.3.6. Removal of Dummy Frames for TM Storage.....................................................................................................242
4.2.7.3.7. Swap G1 and G2 before Viterbi Decoder...........................................................................................................243
4.2.7.3.8. Turbo Decoding Frame Synchronisation Word..................................................................................................243
4.2.7.4. IF Modulation..........................................................................................................................................................244
4.2.7.4.1. RZ Protocol........................................................................................................................................................244
4.2.7.4.2. DQPSK, DOQPSK Code....................................................................................................................................244
4.2.7.4.3. IF Uplink Spectrum Inversion............................................................................................................................244
4.2.7.4.4. Swap G1 and G2 after Viterbi Encoding............................................................................................................244
4.2.7.5. Telecommanding .....................................................................................................................................................245
4.2.7.5.1. Transmission of the Un-modulated TC Sub-carrier............................................................................................245
4.2.7.5.2. CMM Data Format.............................................................................................................................................245
4.2.7.5.3. “Group” Instruction Size ....................................................................................................................................245
4.2.7.5.4. TC Watchdog .....................................................................................................................................................245
4.2.7.5.5. Extended Idle Patterns (1 to 255) .......................................................................................................................246
4.2.7.5.6. Extended Preamble Patterns (1 to 255)...............................................................................................................246
4.2.7.5.7. Always Idle ........................................................................................................................................................246
4.2.7.5.8. Enable primary acknowledgement .....................................................................................................................246
4.2.7.6. Ranging....................................................................................................................................................................247
4.2.7.6.1. Ranging Sub-Carrier Modulation Index.............................................................................................................247
4.2.7.6.2. Range Data Storage............................................................................................................................................247
4.2.7.6.3. Synchronized Doppler & Range Measurements.................................................................................................247
4.2.7.7. Logging Data Storage & Data Time-tagging ...........................................................................................................248
4.2.7.7.1. Telemetry Time-Tagging....................................................................................................................................248
4.2.7.7.2. Logging Data Storage.........................................................................................................................................248
4.2.7.7.3. PC Clock Synchronization to IRIG Time...........................................................................................................249
4.2.7.7.4. Change Time-tag Format....................................................................................................................................250
4.2.7.8. Telemetry Simulation...............................................................................................................................................250
4.2.7.8.1. Access to Simulated TM Files............................................................................................................................250
4.2.7.8.2. Swap G1 and G2 after Viterbi Encoding............................................................................................................250
4.2.7.9. Test Points Allocation & Tuning .............................................................................................................................251
4.2.7.9.1. HBW Telecommand Unit (TCU) .......................................................................................................................251
4.2.7.9.2. HBW Telemetry Simulator.................................................................................................................................251
4.2.7.9.3. HBW Telemetry Units (TMU) ...........................................................................................................................252
4.2.7.9.4. Video 1 & 2 Output Level Setting......................................................................................................................252
4.2.7.10. UDP Telemetry Data................................................................................................................................................253
5. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES.......................................................................................254
5.1. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................................ 255

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xii
5.1.1. Caution ...................................................................................................................................................... 255
5.1.2. Important Safety Instructions..................................................................................................................... 255
5.1.3. General Instructions.................................................................................................................................. 255
5.1.3.1. Mechanical Inspection and Cleaning .......................................................................................................................255
5.1.3.2. Handling Precautions...............................................................................................................................................255
5.1.3.3. Wait after power off.................................................................................................................................................256
5.1.3.4. Cpu Load Considerations.........................................................................................................................................256
5.1.3.5. Software Loading.....................................................................................................................................................256
5.2. HARDWARE INVESTIGATION &REPAIR .......................................................................................................... 257
5.2.1. LED Indicators .......................................................................................................................................... 257
5.2.1.1. Analog Downlink Board..........................................................................................................................................257
5.2.1.2. Analog Uplink Board...............................................................................................................................................257
5.2.1.3. Digital Motherboard.................................................................................................................................................258
5.2.1.4. Video Board.............................................................................................................................................................259
5.2.1.5. Ana5 Board..............................................................................................................................................................259
5.2.2. Temperature Alarm.................................................................................................................................... 260
5.2.2.1. IPMIMonitor Temperature Sensors .........................................................................................................................260
5.2.2.2. MSP Temperature Sensors.......................................................................................................................................260
5.2.2.3. What to do in case of Temperature Alarm ...............................................................................................................261
5.2.3. PC Workstation Maintenance.................................................................................................................... 261
5.3. SOFTWARE UPGRADE &INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................... 261
ANNEX 1. CORTEX ETHERNET INTERFACE .................................................................262
ANNEX 2. MAIN SIGNAL PROCESSING BOARD ............................................................263
ANNEX 3. DIGITAL I/O BOARD...........................................................................................264
ANNEX 4. PC-COMPATIBLE WORKSTATION................................................................265
ANNEX 5. PROJECT-SPECIFIC DATA ...............................................................................266
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: CORTEX CRT QUANTUM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM .................................................................................7
FIGURE 2:HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................................. 8
FIGURE 3:CHASSIS IS00427 FRONT PANEL APPEARANCE (FRONT PANEL COLOR NOT CONTRACTUAL)........................ 9
FIGURE 4:CHASSIS IS00452 FRONT PANEL APPEARANCE (FRONT PANEL COLOR NOT CONTRACTUAL)...................... 10
FIGURE 5:DOWNLINK INPUT SIGNAL SELECTION............................................................................................................ 11
FIGURE 6: CRT QUANTUM,CRT XL AND CRT XL2 COMPARISON CHART ........................................................................ 18
FIGURE 7:TCP-IP INTERFACES ......................................................................................................................................... 43
FIGURE 8: INTEGRATED SIMPLIFIED INTERCONNECTION PANEL ON IS00427 ................................................................... 45
FIGURE 9: INTEGRATED SIMPLIED INTERCONNECTION PANEL ON IS00452....................................................................... 45
FIGURE 10:3U FULL INTERCONNECTION PANEL ............................................................................................................... 46
FIGURE 11: RIBBON CABLE CONNECTION AND SECURING.................................................................................................... 46
FIGURE 12:IS00427 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS WITH BNC INTEGRATION......................................................................... 1
FIGURE 13:IS00427 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS WITH BNC INTEGRATION AND EFC .........................................................2
FIGURE 14:IS00427 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS WITH BNC INTEGRATION AND EXTERNAL I/O CONNECTORS....................4
FIGURE 15:IS00427 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS WITH BNC INTEGRATION,EXTERNAL I/O CONNECTORS AND EFC.......... 6
FIGURE 16:CONFIGURATION S100684 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS......................................................................................8
FIGURE 17:CONFIGURATION S100685 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS......................................................................................9
FIGURE 18:CONFIGURATION S100686 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS.................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 19:CONFIGURATION S100687 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS.................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 20:DA-15 FEMALE CONNECTOR,FRONT VIEW...................................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 21: RS-422 INTERFACE ......................................................................................................................................... 17

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xiii
FIGURE 22:2ND ORDER PLL TRACKING CAPACITY ............................................................................................................ 46
FIGURE 23:3RD ORDER PLL TRACKING CAPACITY............................................................................................................. 47
FIGURE 24: POST DETECTION DIVERSITY COMBINING :FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................ 53
FIGURE 25:PRE DETECTION DIVERSITY COMBINING :FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM....................................................... 54
FIGURE 26 :POST DETECTION DIVERSITY COMBINING OUTPUTS.................................................................................... 55
FIGURE 27:PRE DETECTION DIVERSITY COMBINING OUTPUTS.......................................................................................... 56
FIGURE 28:PROBABILITY OF BIT ERROR VERSUS EB/NO................................................................................................... 62
FIGURE 29:PROBABILITY OF BIT ERROR VERSUS EB/NO.REF :CCSDS 413.0-G-2 (§ B2.3), OCTOBER 2009.................. 63
FIGURE 30:CRT PERFORMANCE VERSUS CCSDS SIMULATIONS....................................................................................... 64
FIGURE 31:PROBABILITY OF BIT ERROR VERSUS EB/NO................................................................................................... 71
FIGURE 32:PROBABILITY OF BIT ERROR VERSUS EB/NO................................................................................................... 72
FIGURE 33:CRT LDPC BER PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO CCSDS (R=1/2, K=4096)..................................................... 74
FIGURE 34:CCSDS BER PERFORMANCE FOR ALL RATES.................................................................................................. 75
FIGURE 35:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (LBW)........................................................................................................................ 76
FIGURE 36:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW WITH SUB-CARRIER)........................................................................................ 78
FIGURE 37:MCHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW DIRECT PCM).................................................................................................... 81
FIGURE 38:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW DIRECT PCM WITH SINGLE VITERBI)............................................................. 83
FIGURE 39:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW DIRECT PCM WITH DUAL VITERBI)................................................................ 86
FIGURE 40:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW DIRECT PCM, DIFFERENTIAL CODING)......................................................... 89
FIGURE 41:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW DIRECT PCM WITH DUAL VITERBI&DIFFERENTIAL DECODING).................. 92
FIGURE 42:TM CHAIN :I/O PORTS (HBW DIRECT PCM AQPSK DECODING)................................................................. 94
FIGURE 43:FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS .............................................................................................................. 96
FIGURE 44: SPECTRUM OF THE TEST SIGNAL .................................................................................................................. 104
FIGURE 45: CONSTELLATION OF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL WITHOUT DEAF ................................................................... 105
FIGURE 46: CONSTELLATION OF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL WITH DEAF ACTIVATED ...................................................... 106
FIGURE 47:CCSDS DESCRAMBLING................................................................................................................................. 107
FIGURE 48:LOW BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO ............................................................................................................ 112
FIGURE 49:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO WITH PCM INPUT SIGNAL (PM, FM) .............................................. 113
FIGURE 50:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO WITH PCM AND VIDEO INPUT SIGNALS (PM, FM) .......................... 114
FIGURE 51:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (BPSK) ............................................................................................. 115
FIGURE 52:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (QPSK, OQPSK WITHOUT CONVOLUTIONAL ENCODING).............. 116
FIGURE 53:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (QPSK, OQPSK WITH SINGLE CONVOLUTIONAL ENCODING).......... 117
FIGURE 54:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (QPSK, OQPSK WITH DUAL ENCODING)......................................... 117
FIGURE 55:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (QPSK, OQPSK WITH DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING)......................... 117
FIGURE 56:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (QPSK, OQPSK WITH DUAL AND DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING)........ 118
FIGURE 57:HIGH BANDWIDTH UPLINK SCENARIO (AQPSK).......................................................................................... 119
FIGURE 58:IFM OUTPUT STAGE ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................ 120
FIGURE 59: TMS FILE STRUCTURE FOR REED-SOLOMON ENCODING ........................................................................... 124
FIGURE 60: TMS FILE STRUCTURE FOR TURBO ENCODING........................................................................................... 125
FIGURE 61: TMS FILE STRUCTURE FOR LDPC ENCODING ............................................................................................ 127
FIGURE 62: "125 KHZ"FILTER,-3 DBBANDWIDTH:1.36 MHZ..................................................................................... 128
FIGURE 63: "250 KHZ"FILTER,-3 DBBANDWIDTH:2.06 MHZ..................................................................................... 129
FIGURE 64: "500 KHZ"FILTER,-3 DBBANDWIDTH:2.4 MHZ....................................................................................... 129
FIGURE 65: "1 MHZ"FILTER,-3 DBBANDWIDTH:3.66 MHZ........................................................................................ 130
FIGURE 66: "2 MHZ"FILTER,-3 DBBANDWIDTH:5.5MHZ.......................................................................................... 130
FIGURE 67: "4 MHZ"FILTER,-3 DBBANDWIDTH:8.46 MHZ........................................................................................ 131
FIGURE 68:TELECOMMAND TIMING................................................................................................................................. 136
FIGURE 69:SWEEPING WAVEFORM................................................................................................................................... 138
FIGURE 70: PROCESSING OF THE IFM CONFIGURATION COMMANDS........................................................................... 139
FIGURE 71:SATELLITE TELECOMMANDING PROTOCOL WITH CLCW CHECK &CARRIER SWEEPING............................. 140
FIGURE 72:CONFIGURING THE SWEEPING MODE ON THE IFM....................................................................................... 141
FIGURE 73:RANGING SEQUENCE FLOW CHART ............................................................................................................... 151
FIGURE 74:DOPPLER RATE AID ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................. 161
FIGURE 75:DOPPLER AID ARCHITECTURE....................................................................................................................... 163
FIGURE 76:RANGING SEQUENCE (ESA STANDARD)......................................................................................................... 174
FIGURE 77:RANGING SEQUENCE (USB STANDARD)........................................................................................................ 176
FIGURE 78:RANGING SEQUENCE (INMARSAT/LMCO STANDARDS)............................................................................. 180
FIGURE 79:RANGING SEQUENCE (ESA CODE STANDARD WITH N=7)............................................................................ 183
FIGURE 80:RANGING SEQUENCE (PN CODES STANDARD)............................................................................................... 188

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xiv
FIGURE 81:RANGING SEQUENCE (HYBRID RANGING STANDARD)................................................................................... 194
FIGURE 82:DOPPLER COMPENSATION PROCESS.............................................................................................................. 202
FIGURE 83:DOPPLER VARIATIONS FOR A LEO SPACECRAFT PASS.................................................................................. 203
FIGURE 84:DOPPLER COMPENSATION FROM EPHEMERIS FILES..................................................................................... 204
FIGURE 85:LEAP YEAR...................................................................................................................................................... 207
FIGURE 86:IRIG-B COMPENSATION................................................................................................................................. 207
FIGURE 87:EMBEDDED FREQUENCY CONVERTOR FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM......................................................... 208
FIGURE 88:CRT WITH EFC -DOWNLINK BLOCK DIAGRAM............................................................................................ 209
FIGURE 89:CRT WITH EFC -UPLINK BLOCK DIAGRAM.................................................................................................. 212
FIGURE 90:CRT WITH EFC -INTERCONNEXION DIAGRAM ............................................................................................. 217
FIGURE 91:FRONT PANEL DISPLAY .................................................................................................................................. 222
FIGURE 92:FRONT PANEL DISPLAY MENUS AND SUBMENUS........................................................................................... 223
FIGURE 93:SPS START SEQUENCE................................................................................................................................... 228
FIGURE 94:CTX DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................................... 230
FIGURE 95:MCS MENU MANAGEMENT WINDOW ............................................................................................................ 233
FIGURE 96:ABOUT CORTEX CRT QUANTUM SPS :SOFTWARE VERSION...................................................................... 234
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: SERIAL MODELS FOR THE CRT QUANTUM ............................................................................................................3
TABLE 2: ETHERNET PORTS ADDRESSES........................................................................................................................... 42
TABLE 3: UDP PORTS ADDRESSES...................................................................................................................................... 44
TABLE 4: I/O CONNECTOR PANEL.........................................................................................................................................5
TABLE 5: I/O CONNECTOR PANEL.........................................................................................................................................8
TABLE 6: IS00427 I/O CONNECTOR PANEL WITH BNC INTEGRATION.................................................................................. 1
TABLE 7: IS00427 I/O CONNECTOR PANEL WITH BNC INTEGRATION AND EFC.................................................................. 3
TABLE 8: IS00427 I/O CONNECTOR PANEL WITH BNC INTEGRATION AND EXTERNAL I/O CONNECTORS............................ 5
TABLE 9: IS00427 I/O CONNECTOR PANEL WITH BNC INTEGRATION,EXTERNAL I/O CONNECTORS AND EFC.................. 7
TABLE 10:CONFIGURATION S100684 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS........................................................................................8
TABLE 11:CONFIGURATION S100685 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS........................................................................................9
TABLE 12:CONFIGURATION S100686 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS...................................................................................... 10
TABLE 13:CONFIGURATION S100687 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS...................................................................................... 11
TABLE 14:INTERCONNECTION PANEL.UPLINK VIDEO TEST POINTS ................................................................................. 13
TABLE 15:INTERCONNECTION PANEL.TTL DATA I/OS...................................................................................................... 15
TABLE 16:INTERCONNECTION PANEL.RS422 DATA I/OS.................................................................................................. 16
TABLE 17:THE FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE CORTEX CRT QUANTUM ............................................................................ 19
TABLE 18:DEMODULATION CAPABILITIES.......................................................................................................................... 22
TABLE 19:PERFORMANCE LIMITATION FOR FULL DIRECT PCM DEMODULATION .......................................................... 23
TABLE 20:PERFORMANCE LIMITATION FOR STANDARD DIRECT PCM DEMODULATION................................................ 24
TABLE 21:PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS FOR RESTRICTED DIRECT PCM DEMODULATION.......................................... 25
TABLE 22:CARTESIAN-TO-POLAR SAMPLING FREQUENCIES.............................................................................................. 36
TABLE 23:PRN GENERATOR POLYNOMIALS...................................................................................................................... 122
TABLE 24:TURBO CODE :INFORMATION BLOCK AND CODEBLOCK LENGTHS.................................................................... 124
TABLE 25:LDPC CODE :INFORMATION BLOCK AND CODEBLOCK LENGTHS..................................................................... 126
TABLE 26:ESA TONE STANDARD.TONE DEFINITION ...................................................................................................... 174
TABLE 27:INMARSAT/LMCO TONE STANDARD.TONE DEFINITION............................................................................. 179
TABLE 28:AVAILABLE CHIP RATES ON CORTEX................................................................................................................ 185
TABLE 29:CCSDS RECOMMENDATION FOR INTEGRATION TIME...................................................................................... 187
TABLE 30:HYBRID RANGING TONE STANDARD.TONE PROGRAMMING EXEMPLE ............................................................ 191
TABLE 31:RANGING PERFORMANCES WITH NOISE &DOPPLER RATE............................................................................. 200
TABLE 32:EXAMPLES OF DOWNLINK CONVERTER SETUP WITH EFC................................................................................ 210
TABLE 33:EXAMPLES OF UPLINK CONVERTER SETUP....................................................................................................... 213

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xv
ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS
SYMBOLS:
% Percent
Plus or minus
Greater than or equal
Less than or equal
And
Approximately
PREFIXES:
n Nano-
Micro-
m Milli-
k Kilo-
M Mega-
G Giga-
UNITS:
A Ampera
b Byte
bps Bit per second
C Celsius
dB Decibel
dBc dB with respect to the unmodulated carrier
F Farad
Hz Hertz
mm Millimeter
rpm revolutions per minute
Ohms
s Second
s/s Sample per second (ks/s, Ms/s,...)
V Volt

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xvi
ABBREVIATIONS:
AD Applicable Document
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AM Amplitude Modulation
AQPSK Asynchronous Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
ASB Anti Side Band
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BB BaseBand
BER Bit Error Rate
BP-L/M/S BiPhase-Level/Mark/Space
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BTs Bandwidth Filter per Symbol Period
BW BandWidth
CADU Channel Access Data Unit
CLCW Command Link Control Word
CLK Clock
CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio
COP Command Operation Procedure
CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying
CPU Central Processing Unit
CTL Check To Lock
dBc dB with respect to the un-modulated carrier
DBP-L/M/S Differential Bi-Phase-Level/Mark/Space
DC Direct Current
DCU Diversity Combining Unit
DM-M/S Delay Modulation –Mark / Space (Miller code)
DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
DSP Digital Signal Processor
D/C frequency Down Converter
EFC Embedded Frequency Converter
FFT Fast Fourrier Transform
FM Frequency Modulation
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GUI Graphical User Interface
HBW High BandWidth
IF Intermediate Frequency
IFM IF Modulator
I/F Interface
I/O Input/Output
LAN Local Area Network

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xvii
LBW Low BandWidth
LED Light Emitting Diode
LEOP Launch & Early Orbit Support
LO Local Oscillator
LSB Least Significant Byte (Bit)
LTS Lock To Search
MCS Monitoring & Control Software
MMI Man Machine Interface
MSB Most Significant Byte (Bit)
MSP Main Signal Processing module
MTDI Multiple Tabbed Document Interface
M&C Monitoring & Control
NA Not Applicable
NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator
NRZ-L/M/S Non Return to Zero-Level/Mark/Space
OQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (also called SQPSK)
PC Personal Computer
PCM Pulse Coded Modulation
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PM Phase Modulation
PMR PM Receiver
pp Peak to peak
PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence
PS Power Supply
PSK Phase Shift Keying
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RAU Ranging Unit
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNG RaNGing
RNRZ-L/M/S Randomized Non Return to Zero-Level/Mark/Space
R-S Reed Solomon
SCC Satellite Control Center
SLE Space Link Extension
SOQPSK Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
SPS Signal Processing Software
SQPSK Staggered Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (see OQPSK)
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
TC TeleCommand
TCP/IP Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TCR Time Code Reader & Generator

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xviii
TCU Telecommand Unit
TM TeleMetry
TMS TeleMetry Simulator
TMU TeleMetry Unit
TVU TC Verification Unit
UQPSK Unbalanced Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
UTOA Ultra precise Time Of Arrival (measurements)
UTC Universal Time, Coordinated
U/C frequency Up Converter
Vpp Volt Peak to Peak
VCDU Virtual Channel Data Unit
VDU Video Display Unit
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WAN Wide Area Network

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xix
SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION
The following symbols appear in this document and on the chassis:
ISO 7000-0434B
(2004-01)
Caution: The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to
alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance
(servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the product.
IEC 60417-6042
(2010-11)
Caution, risk of electric shock: The lightning flash with an arrowhead
symbol within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the
presence of uninsulated ‘dangerous voltage’ within the product’s enclosure
that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to
persons.
IEC 60417-5019
(2006-08)
Protective earth; protective ground: terminal is intended for connection to
an external conductor for protection against electric shock in case of a fault.
IEC 60417-5007
(2009-02)
"ON" (power): indicate connection to the mains.
IEC 60417-5008
(2009-02)
"OFF" (power): indicate disconnection from the mains.
IEC 60417-5032
(2002-10)
Alternating current: the equipment is suitable for alternating current only.
Altitude: Do not use at an altitude exceeding 2000m.
Tropical conditions: This product is not suitable for tropical conditions.
Documentation must be consulted in all cases where this symbol is marked.

COMMAND RANGING & TELEMETRY UNIT CORTEX
CRT QUANTUM USER'S MANUAL
Ref. DTU 100042
Is.Rev. 5.17
Date: Dec. 03, 2021Sept.
30, 2021
© Safran Data Systems
This document is the property of Safran Data Systems.
It cannot be duplicated or distributed without expressed written consent.
Page xx
CE MARKING
Markings are placed at the rear of the unit, regarding the power ratings and “CE” compliance:
The “CE” symbol on the PC chassis indicates that it is in compliance with the Electromagnetic Compatibility
directive and the low Voltage directive.
This equipment is a: Group 1 Class A product
The following technical standards must be met:
EN 55022
Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of information
technology equipment
EN 61000-3-2
Limits for harmonic currents emissions’’
EN 61000-4-2
Limits and methods of measurement - Section 2: electrostatic discharge immunity test
EN 61000-4-3
Limits and methods of measurement –Section 3: Radiated radio-frequency,
electromagnetic field immunity test
EN 61000-4-4
Limits and methods of measurement - Section 4: Electrical fast transient / burst immunity
test
EN 61000-4-5
Limits and methods of measurement - Section 5: Surge immunity test
EN 61000-4-6
Limits and methods of measurement - Section 6: immunity to conducted disturbances,
induced by radio-frequency fields
EN 61000-4-8
Limits and methods of measurement - Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity
test
EN 61000-4-11
Limits and methods of measurement - Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions as
voltage variations immunity tests
The unit also complies with all staff safety standards and decrees, in particular:
Decree of 14.11.1989 and additions: Regulation of worker protection,
Directive 2006/95/EC.
In accordance with European Community directives, a “Declaration of Conformity” has been made and is
available by contacting technical support.
Recommendation concerning the cabling:
“CE” certification has been carried out with 3-meter interconnecting cables with remote equipment.
SAFRAN DATA SYSTEMS recommends the use of high quality interconnecting cables type. The high quality
recommended user interconnecting cables are “shield twisted pair” or “coaxial cable” industrial type with cable
shield. The cable shield will provide the necessary mechanical protection.
Not using this high quality designed cable could result in unexpected intersystem/extrasystem electromagnetic
emission and susceptibility.