Sandel SN4500 Manual

SN4500
Primary Navigation Display
with
Reversionary Attitude Mode
Pilot’s Guide
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE II
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WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE III
Pilot information
Publication Date: 25-MAR-2010
This guide provides information on the use and operation of the
SN4500 Primary Navigation Display.
Information in this manual is current as of publication or revision
date. Specifications and operational details are subject to change
without notice at the discretion of Sandel Avionics, Inc.
Copyright
Copyright 2010 Sandel Avionics, Inc.
May be covered by one or more US and foreign patents, including:
US Patent Nos. 6,259,378, 6,670,892, 6,507,288, 6,750,788,
6,972,695, and 7,187,304. Australia Patent No. 750,651. China
Patent No. 1211639C. Israel Patent Nos. 135,174, 153,460, and
155,983.
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced,
stored or distributed without written permission of Sandel Avionics,
Inc. Additional copies of this manual are available from:
Sandel Avionics, Inc.
2401 Dogwood Way
Vista, CA 92081
USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.sandel.com
Revision notice
The “Effectivity, Errata, and Revision History” allow the use of this
Pilot Guide with a specific software release. The “Effectivity,
Errata, and Revision History” specifically lists the software to which
this Pilot’s Guide applies and corrects any errors or omissions in this
revision of the Pilot’s Guide. Document number 82009-PG-ERR,
Effectivity, Errata, and Revision History” can be found on page XI of
this Pilot’s Guide.
Operational and legal issues
WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE IV
The information displayed on the SN4500 is generated by external
equipment. It is the pilot’s responsibility to ensure the correct
configuration and use of the external equipment. The SN4500 is
subject to all legal and operational limitations of the equipment
supplying data to it. Always refer to your approved Aircraft Flight
Manual Supplement for operation and limitations on the use of
installed equipment.
Note: Because aircraft vary in their installed equipment, it is
important to note that what is displayed on the SN4500 may vary
depending on the presence or absence of equipment.
Please keep in mind that it is required by Federal Aviation
Regulations to have on board current charts appropriate to the
flight. The moving map on the SN4500 does not fulfill this
requirement. A current internal database is not required but is
recommended. The internal database supplies supplemental data
only (such as nearest airports, navaids and airspace). Flight plan
waypoints and IFR approaches are supplied to the SN4500 by the
associated IFR approved GPS receiver. Supplemental data is
intended for positional awareness only and should not be used for
primary navigation.

WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE V
Approvals
The FAA has approved the SN4500 under the following TSOs:
C3d: Turn and Slip Instrument
C4c: Bank and Pitch Instruments
C6d: Direction Instrument, Magnetic (Gyroscopically
Stabilized
C34e: ILS Glide Slope Receiving Equipment
C35d: Airborne Radio Marker Receiving Equipment
C36e: Airborne ILS Localizer Receiving Equipment
C40c: VOR Receiving Equipment
C41d: Airborne ADF Equipment
C113: Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays
C118: Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
Airborne Equipment, TCAS I
C119b: Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
Airborne Equipment, TCAS II
The following RTCA certification levels also apply to this product:
DO-160E: Environmental (Categories listed in Chapter 11)
DO-178B: Software Level C
DO-254: Hardware Level C
Installation of the SN4500 in a type-certificated aircraft must be
performed in accordance with the Sandel SN4500 Installation
Manual, document number 82009-IM applicable revision.
WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE VI
Conventions Used in This Manual
The name of a button is placed within square brackets when the
button is described in text. For example, “…press the [VUE]
selection button to …”
This manual uses terms, which should be familiar to aviation-
minded readers, such as “selected radial” and “magnetic heading”.
Terms, which are specific to the SN4500, will be placed in the
glossary.

WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE VII
Table of Contents
Pilot information III
Copyright III
Revision notice III
Operational and legal issues III
Approvals V
Conventions Used in This Manual VI
Table of Figures X
Effectivity, Revision and Errata History XI
CHAPTER 1 WELCOME TO THE SN4500 1-1
What is the SN4500 1-1
CHAPTER 2 DISPLAY OVERVIEW 2-1
SN4500 Physical Features 2-1
Display Areas 2-1
Indicators 2-2
Data Color Coding 2-5
CHAPTER 3 BASIC OPERATION 3-1
Overview 3-1
Power-up Displays 3-1
Selecting the Data 3-2
Selecting the Primary NAV Source 3-3
Selecting and Displaying Bearing Pointers 1 & 2 3-4
Displaying the Map Data 3-4
360-degree FULL View and 70-degree ARC View 3-5
Auto-Slewing the Course Pointer 3-5
Remote Course and Heading Knobs 3-6
Heading Bug Sync 3-6
Course Pointer Sync 3-6
Transitioning from GPS/FMS to ILS 3-6
MEM Function 3-6
Display Brightness 3-7
Button Brightness 3-8
CHAPTER 4 NAV OPERATION 4-1
NAV Menu 4-1
WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE VIII
GPS Mode Selection 4-1
GPS APPR Switch 4-2
Auto-Slew Function 4-2
Course Pointer Display Function 4-3
GPS INTEG / WAAS Annunciations 4-4
CHAPTER 5 BEARING POINTERS 5-1
Bearing Pointers 5-1
BRG Menu 5-2
CHAPTER 6 MAP OPERATIONS 6-1
Overview 6-1
Internal Database 6-2
Map Controls and Displays 6-2
Map Memories 6-3
MAP DATABASE ITEMS 6-4
Getting Started - Example 6-5
Map Setup 6-6
Map Memory Settings 6-8
Storing Settings into Preset Memories 1-4 6-9
Removing a Map Memory from the Rotation Sequence 6-9
Restoring Default Settings 6-10
Copying Map Settings into the Scratchpad 6-11
Automatic Decluttering 6-12
Maximum Range of Internal Map Data 6-12
Clearing the Map Display 6-12
CHAPTER 7 WEATHER DISPLAY INTERFACE 7-14
WX-500 Stormscope® Data 7-14
WX Menu 7-14
FIS-B Datalink Weather 7-16
General Operation 7-17
Precipitation Intensity 7-18
FIS-B Lightning 7-18
FIS-B Services Backgrounder 7-19
Examples 7-21
CHAPTER 8 TRAFFIC DISPLAY INTERFACE 8-1
Traffic Symbology 8-1

WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE IX
Relative Altitude 8-2
Absolute Altitude vs. Relative Altitude 8-3
Traffic Display Mode 8-3
Altitude Mode 8-4
Traffic Overlay with Moving Map 8-4
Traffic Display with Stormscope and Data Link Weather 8-5
TFC Menu 8-5
CHAPTER 9 FLAGS AND ABNORMAL CONDITIONS 9-1
CHAPTER 10 MESSAGES 10-1
CHAPTER 11 REVERSIONARY ATTITUDE MODE 11-1
Pilot Integrity Check 11-1
Reversionary Mode Display Description 11-2
Reversionary Mode Controls 11-3
Reversionary Mode Control Description 11-3
Attitude Display Details 11-4
Roll Index 11-4
Sky Pointer 11-4
Slip/Skid Indicator 11-4
Pitch Scale 11-5
Unusual Attitudes 11-6
Down Chevrons 11-6
Up Chevrons 11-7
Reversionary Mode Annunciations 11-8
CHAPTER 12 TECHNICAL SPECS AND OPERATING LIMITS12-1
CHAPTER 13 INSTALLATION INFORMATION 13-1
CHAPTER 14 GLOSSARY 14-1
CHAPTER 15 AVIONICS ACRONYMS 15-1
WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE X
Table of Figures
Figure 2-1 SN4500 Physical Features 2-1
Figure 2-2 Display Areas 2-2
Figure 3-1 Introduction Screen 3-1
Figure 3-2 SN4500 Display with Compass Card 3-2
Figure 3-3 NAV Source Annunciations 3-3
Figure 3-4 Full View 3-5
Figure 3-5 Arc View 3-5
Figure 3-6 Brightness Adjustment 3-7
Figure 3-7 Brightness Menu 3-8
Figure 4-1 NAV Menu 4-1
Figure 4-2 GPS Mode 4-1
Figure 4-3 GPS APPR 4-2
Figure 4-4 Auto-Slew Setup Menu 4-2
Figure 4-5 Course Pointer Setup Menu 4-3
Figure 4-6 Location of INTEG & WAAS Approach Annunciators 4-4
Figure 4-7 GPS WAAS Annunciator Descriptions 4-5
Figure 5-1 BRG Main Menu 5-2
Figure 6-1 Map Operation 6-3
Figure 6-2 Map Setup Menu 6-7
Figure 6-3 Select "AIRSPC" 6-8
Figure 6-4 Select "ON" 6-8
Figure 6-5 Storing Settings 6-9
Figure 6-6 Removing Map Memory 6-10
Figure 6-7 Restoring Default Settings 6-11
Figure 6-8 Copying Map Settings 6-11
Figure 7-1 WX-500 Stormscope Display 7-14
Figure 7-2 WX Setup Menu 7-15
Figure 7-3 Display Menu 7-15
Figure 7-4 WX-500 Mode Menu 7-16
Figure 7-5 LTNG SRC Mode Menu 7-16
Figure 7-6 FIS-B Weather Display 7-17
Figure 7-7 Precipitation 7-18
Figure 7-8 FIS-B Lightning Strike Age 7-19
Figure 7-9 FIS-B Information Flow 7-20
Figure 7-10 Precipitation Example 7-21
Figure 7-11 Visible Moisture Observed 7-22
Figure 7-12 No Visible Moisture Observed 7-22
Figure 7-13 Between Layers 7-23
Figure 8-1 SN4500 with Traffic 8-1
Figure 8-2 Traffic with Moving Map 8-5
Figure 8-3 ON AUTO Menu 8-5
Figure 8-4 Altitude Range Menu 8-6
Figure 8-5 Altitude as Flight Level Menu 8-6
Figure 9-1 Messages 9-1
Figure 10-1 Message and "ACK" Button 10-1
Figure 11-1 Reversionary Mode Display 11-2

WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE XI
Figure 11-2 Reversionary Display Controls 11-3
Effectivity, Revision and Errata History
Date: 25-MAR-2010
Applies to: SN4500 Software 2.01
SN4500 Pilot’s Guide 82009-PG, Revision D1
With the exception of the superseding information contained in this
section, operation of the SN4500 is as described in the SN4500
Pilot’s Guide referenced above.
Revision History Confirm all page numbers
Revision Date Comments
D1 25-MAR-2010
Updated for software version 2.01
•Page III: Pub/Copyright date
•TOC: updated
•Page X1: Effectivity
updated.
D 22-JAN-2009
Updated for software version 2.00
•Page V: added C3d, c4c
•TOC: updated
•Page X: Effectivity updated.
•Page 2-6: Added REV ATT
heading bug color.
•Chapter 11: new
•Chap. 12 – 15: renumber
•Page 12-1: added C3d, c4c
C 11-NOV-2008
Updated for software version 1.05.
•Formatting changes made
to Effectivity, Revision and
Errata History page.
•Page 2-1: Added Power On
Indicator to Figure 2-1:
Physical Features.
•Page 2-5: Added GPS
approach type
annunciators.
•Page 3-7: Digits added on
brightness adjustment
WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE XII
indicator.
•Page 4-4 GPS WAAS
INTEG annunciations added
•Page 4-5 GPS annunciator
descriptions added.
B1 20-DEC-2007
Updated for software version 1.03.
•Page iii: Patent information
updated.
•Page XI Errata updated.
•Page 2-5: Data color coding
tables updated to reflect
new data color coding.
•Illustrations updated to
reflect new data color
coding.
•Page 9-4: GPS “INTG”
annunciator added.
B 08-NOV-2006
AR 867: Commercial release with
software v1.01
A 16-FEB-2006 Initial Release
No errata applicable to this release.

WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 1-1
CHAPTER 1 WELCOME TO THE SN4500
What is the SN4500
For years, pilots of large commercial aircraft have appreciated the
benefits of Electronic Flight Instrumentation Systems, commonly
known as EFIS. Full EFIS systems combine data from different
sources within the aircraft and provide the pilot with a unified
display. This greatly simplifies the instrument scan and improves
situational awareness.
The Sandel SN4500 Primary Navigation Display is an enhanced
Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI) which packs the
essential features of an EFIS NAV display plus enhanced features
into a standard four-inch instrument. By combining the functions of
an electromechanical HSI, an RMI, a moving map, data link
weather, TCAS and a Stormscope® display into one instrument, the
SN4500 ties together the critical elements of situational awareness.
The SN4500 uses Sandel’s proprietary LED backlit rear-projection
display technology for brilliant image quality and long operating
lifetime.
Internally, the SN4500 uses high-speed digital converters that allow
it to receive signals from virtually every type of navigation receiver
ever installed in general aviation aircraft. A comprehensive set of
maintenance pages allows the installer to simply specify the make
and model of the installed equipment, and the SN4500 will configure
itself accordingly.
WELCOME TO THE SN4500
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 1-2
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DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-1
CHAPTER 2 DISPLAY OVERVIEW
SN4500 Physical Features
The SN4500 physical layout consists of a full four inch display,
twelve backlit pushbuttons, two knobs with push to select, a power
on indicator, and one USB connector.
Figure 2-1 SN4500 Physical Features
The following section of the manual describes the appearance of
the SN4500 display and identifies each functional element. Detailed
descriptions of these elements and a tutorial guide to their use are
presented in later sections.
Display Areas
The primary display area shows either a 360-degree FULL view or a
70-degree ARC view, as indicated by the white compass ring. The
cyan airplane or triangle represents the aircraft’s current position.
The primary display area may also depict the current GPS flight
plan, airports, navaids, intersections, airspace, traffic, FIS-B datalink
weather and/or Stormscope® data if the map feature has been
enabled. Several indicators (see below) are also presented within
the primary display area.
DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-2
Figure 2-2 Display Areas
The upper display area presents data from the selected course
navigation instrument. The data displayed depends upon the
navigation source (VOR/DME or GPS) but it will generally include
bearing, distance, and ground speed, if available. The upper
display area also includes information on the map status, WX-500
Stormscope® status (if installed), and an annunciation on whether
the VOR NAV display is currently receiving either a localizer or a full
ILS (localizer/glide slope) signal.
The lower display area presents the numeric data associate with the
two bearing pointers. This includes the NAV source, bearing and
distance (if available). The right section of this area contains a
display of the marker beacon lights if configured. The left section
includes GPS annunciators, if configured.
Indicators
Several different symbols, or indicators, are used in each of the
display areas. These are described below:
Lubber line [white]: Points to the magnetic heading. It is
always at the top of the display.
Upper
display
area
Lower
display
area
Primary
display
area

DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-3
Heading bug [orange]: This can be set to a desired
heading by rotating the Heading Select knob (right knob).
Pressing the Heading Select knob will SYNC the heading bug with
the lubber line, allowing the pilot to immediately set the heading bug
to the current heading.
Parked heading bug: When the display is in
the 70-degree ARC mode using the [VUE]
button, it is possible for the heading bug to be
positioned off of the screen. When this
happens, the heading bug “parks” at the side of
the screen nearest to its actual position, with
the symbol displayed smaller than normal and
close to the edge of the screen.
Course pointer: By rotating the Course Select knob (left
knob), you can set the course pointer to the desired course to
a VOR NAV source. When a long-range NAV source is
selected, the course pointer can automatically rotate to the desired
track being sent by the NAV source (i.e. “Auto-slew”). A unique
course pointer setting is maintained for each NAV source selection.
Parked course pointer: When the display is in
the 70-degree ARC mode, it is possible for the
head of the course pointer to be positioned off
of the screen. When this happens, the course
pointer “parks” at the side of the screen nearest
to its actual position, with the symbol displayed
smaller than normal and close to the edge of
the screen.
Bearing pointers 1 and 2: Two bearing pointers are
provided. Bearing pointer 1 (BRG1) is represented
by the closed tip arrowhead symbol. Bearing pointer 2 (BRG2) is
represented by the open tip arrowhead symbol. Depending on the
user-selected settings, these pointers may show the bearing to a
VOR, ADF, or GPS waypoint. The numeric information from the
instruments assigned to these pointers is displayed in the lower
display area. The information is displayed in the same color as the
associated bearing pointer. Also note that the tail of each pointer
can be used to determine the bearing from the selected NAV
source.
DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-4
Inner Course and Vertical Deviation Indicators: The course
deviation indicator bar (CDI; also known as the deviation bar or “D-
bar”) is the movable center section of the course pointer that depicts
deviation to the left or right of course. The vertical deviation
indicator bar (VDI) is the movable center section that depicts vertical
deviation above or below glide
slope or GPS final approach path.
The VDI is only available when
tuned to a glide slope or a vertical
deviation from the GPS. Note that
the inner CDI and VDI are not
visible when the map display is
enabled.
Outer Course and Vertical
Deviation Indicator: The CDI
and VDI are also repeated at the
bottom and right side of the display
– this is referred to as the outer
CDI and outer VDI.
Back course: When flying a
back course approach, the
course pointer should be set to the
published front course. The CDI will
automatically reverse sense when the
course pointer is more than +/- 90
degrees from the lubber line. The label
“BC” will appear above the CDI and a
yellow “X” will block the outer VDI during
a back course approach as a reminder
to the pilot as shown in the adjacent
figure.

DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-5
Data Color Coding
Data displayed on the SN4500 is color coded as follows:
Color Data displayed
GREEN
•Information associated with the primary VHF
NAV1 receiver (or NAV2 if in co-pilot
configuration)
•GPS annunciators: LP, LPV, L NAV, LVNAV
ACTV, AUTO and LEG
•Class B and C airspace
•Stormscope® data older than 30 seconds
CYAN
•Information associated with the LNAV
(GPS/FMS) receiver text
•GPS annunciators: HLD, PTK and APPR (II
Morrow GPS only)
•Map status bar icons
•Moving map icons
•Traffic range ring
•Current position symbol, either airplane or
triangle
•Map range scale
WHITE
•Compass rose under normal conditions
•Magnetic heading and button labels
•Non-active legs and waypoints of flight plan
•To/From indicator
DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-6
Color Data displayed
WHITE
•Inner marker indicator
•Traffic targets
•New Stormscope® data
•ADF bearing pointer / text
•Heading bug (Reversionary Attitude Display)
RED
•Flags indicating failed glide slope, CDI, map,
weather or traffic data
•Flags indicating abnormal heading condition
•Prohibited airspace
AMBER
•GPS annunciators: MSG, WPT, INTEG.
Also HOLD (Garmin only)
•Compass rose when either gyro or fluxgate
has failed
•Middle marker indicator
YELLOW
•Information associated with the cross-side
NAV receiver (NAV2 if in the pilot
configuration, NAV1 if in the co-pilot
configuration)
•Restricted and warning areas
•Flag indicating invalid glide slope
•Marker test
•Decluttered map status icons

DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-7
Color Data displayed
MAGENTA
•Active leg and waypoint of flight plan
•LOC1 / LOC2 Indicator
•ILS1 / ILS2 Indicator
ORANGE
•Heading bug and associated data
BLUE
•Outer marker indicator
PURPLE
•MOA
DISPLAY OVERVIEW
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 2-8
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BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-1
CHAPTER 3 BASIC OPERATION
Overview
The SN4500 is configurable and controllable to provide the
information needed at any point in the flight. Configuring the
SN4500 refers to selecting the data for a given display. For
example, either the VOR or the GPS receiver can drive a bearing
pointer. Controlling the SN4500 refers to tailoring the display to suit
the immediate situation. For example, the pilot may decide to turn
off a bearing pointer completely during the enroute portion of the
flight and use it only during an approach.
Power-up Displays
On initial power-up, a short introduction screen will be displayed
which includes the software and database (NavData) versions.
Figure 3-1 Introduction Screen
BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-2
After a few seconds this display will be removed and the compass
card will be shown as below:
Figure 3-2 SN4500 Display with Compass Card
Selecting the Data
Sensor data is data that comes from avionic sources within the
aircraft. This includes primary navigational instruments as well as
sensors. The SN4500 can display data from the following sources:
•Compass system (directional gyro and fluxgate)
•NAV1 and NAV2 receivers
•LNAV1 and LNAV2 receivers (GPS/FMS)
•DME1 and DME2
•ADF1 and ADF2
•Marker beacon receiver
•Weather detection (WX-500 Stormscope® and/or WSI)
•Traffic

BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-3
Heading data from the directional gyro and fluxgate compass is
always applied directly to the SN4500’s compass card display, while
other types of sensor data can be displayed in several different
ways. You can control these displays by configuring the course
pointer, the bearing pointers, the map data and the weather data.
Selecting the Primary NAV Source
The SN4500’s course pointer and CDI can be driven from VOR or
GPS data.
In some installations, the [NAV] button on the SN4500 is used to
select the primary NAV source. In others, an external switch
performs this function and the [NAV] button has no effect. Refer to
the Aircraft Flight Manual Supplement for the details of the
installation. If external switching is used, this section does not
apply.
Pressing the [NAV] button will cycle through the available choices,
which are specific to your aircraft and were configured during
installation. Selecting a primary navigation source also connects it
to the autopilot, if configured.
The current NAV source selection will be annunciated next to the
NAV button as shown below.
Figure 3-3 NAV Source Annunciations
Depending on the configuration of the aircraft, the available choices
are NAV1, NAV2, GPS1, GPS2, FMS1 and FMS2. If the selected
NAV source is a VOR receiver tuned to a localized frequency, the
annunciation will be either LOC1 or LOC2. If a valid glide slope
signal is detected then the annunciation will be either ILS1 or ILS2.
Numeric data from the primary NAV source, such as distance,
bearing and groundspeed will be displayed in the upper display area
if available.
BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-4
In some installations, the ILS Lockout function may be enabled on
the SN4500. This function forces the selection of the NAV receiver
when an ILS frequency is selected. Refer to the Aircraft Flight
Manual Supplement to see if the ILS Lockout function has been
enabled in the aircraft being operated.
While NAV1 is tuned to an ILS frequency and the ILS Lockout is in
effect, pressing the [NAV] button will not change sources. Instead,
the following message is displayed: “NAV TUNED TO ILS”. To
defeat the override and restore the function of the [NAV] button,
simply select a non-ILS frequency in the NAV1 receiver.
Selecting and Displaying Bearing Pointers 1 & 2
To display the bearings pointers, press [BRG] to cycle through
available selections. In addition to no bearing pointer display, there
are three selections:
•Push [BRG] once: Bearing pointer 1 only
•Push [BRG] twice: Bearing pointer 2 only
•Push [BRG] third time: Bearing pointers 1 and 2
Details about the bearing pointers are in Chapter 5 of this Pilot’s
Guide.
Displaying the Map Data
Map data consists of flight plan waypoints from the LNAV receiver
(GPS/FMS), as well as nearby airports, navaids, intersections and
airspace from the SN4500’s internal database. The different
categories of map information can be enabled or disabled
individually.
To display the map data, press [MAP] to cycle through the available
map memory locations. The currently displayed map memory
setting is displayed next to the MAP button. In addition to the no
map data display, there are three default map memory settings.
These setting are shown below with the displayed map status bar
icons:
Map Memory 1: [no icon] GPS/FMS flight plan
Map Memory 2: Airports, Airspace, and GPS/FMS flight plan
Map Memory 3: VORs and GPS/FMS flight plan

BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-5
When map data is being displayed, press [ ⇑] or [ ⇓] to increase or
decrease the map range respectively. The currently selected map
range is displayed in the upper right display area in cyan. The value
of the map range represents the distance from the aircraft symbol to
the outer edge of the compass rose.
Map operation is covered in more detail in Chapter 6.
360-degree FULL View and 70-degree ARC View
The SN4500 allows the pilot to switch between a traditional 360-
degree FULL view of the compass rose and a forward-looking 70-
degree ARC view. The ARC view places the airplane symbol at the
bottom of the screen and the top 70-degrees of the compass rose is
displayed. The ARC view maximizes the display of the ground track
ahead of the aircraft and provides the greatest amount of screen
area for map data.
Figure 3-4 Full View
Figure 3-5 Arc View
Press [VUE] to switch between the 360-degree and 70-degree ARC
views. This action only affects the screen display – all navigation
sources, bearing pointers, and other settings remain the same.
Auto-Slewing the Course Pointer
One unique feature of the SN4500 is its ability to automatically
rotate the course pointer to the desired course being sent digitally
from the GPS/FMS. This feature is called “auto-slew”, and is
especially useful when flying a complex flight plan as it eliminates
the burden of manually setting the course pointer for each leg of the
flight plan.
BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-6
When auto-slew is activated and a GPS/FMS is selected as the
NAV source, rotating the course select knob will have no effect on
the course pointer. The message ‘AUTO – SLEW ACTIVE” will be
displayed in the center display area.
Note that certain GPS receivers such as the KING KLN-90 and
Garmin GNS 430/530 support an “OBS” or “HOLD” mode which will
override auto-slew when active.
The auto-slew function is enabled/disabled in the NAV menu as
described in Chapter 4.
Remote Course and Heading Knobs
The SN4500 supports the use of remote course select and heading
select knobs. When using a remote course select knob, the course
select knob on the SN4500 will be disabled.
Heading Bug Sync
To rapidly set the heading bug to the aircraft’s current heading,
press and release the heading select knob.
Course Pointer Sync
To rapidly set the course pointer to the current direct-to course,
press and release the course select knob.
When no valid course information is available, such as when flying a
LOC/ILS approach, pressing the course select knob inwards will
rotate the course pointer to the current heading.
This feature is disabled when a remote course select knob is
interfaced to the SN4500.
Transitioning from GPS/FMS to ILS
During an ILS approach, when the selected NAV source changes
from GPS/FMS to LOC/ILS, it may be necessary to rotate the
course pointer to the proper inbound course setting. The course
pointer is NOT set automatically by the SN4500.
MEM Function
The SN4500 maintains two different groups of display
configuration memories that are toggled by pressing
[MEM]. By pressing the [MEM], one can rapidly swap

BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-7
back and forth between the two display configurations. This allows
the pilot to set up a particular screen display and easily access the
settings for later use. The MEM Function remembers the last
settings prior to pressing [MEM].
For example, a preferred “enroute” setup might be 70-degree ARC
view with only bearing pointer 1 displayed, connected to a VOR
Navaid. The “approach” setup might be 360-degree view with
bearing pointer 2 displayed, connected to an ADF. To configure
these two screens, first set up the “enroute” screen with the proper
settings. Then press [MEM] to toggle to the second screen. The
second screen can now be configured with the “approach” settings.
Press [MEM] to toggle between the two screens configured for
“enroute” and ‘approach”.
Pressing and holding the [MEM] button will cause the two memories
to have the same display settings. “COPY MEM” will be displayed
momentarily to confirm this action.
Display Brightness
Figure 3-6 Brightness Adjustment
The display brightness can be set for either automatic or manual
adjustment mode. In automatic mode the display brightens and dims
based on ambient lighting conditions. In manual mode the display
brightness is set by pulling the right knob outward and rotating the
knob until the desired brightness level is achieved. The label “BRT”
and a value ranging from 0-100 (with 100 being the brightest
setting) will appear next to the right knob when it is pulled outwards.
Press the knob in to return to normal operation.
The brightness mode is set as follows:
BASIC OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D1 SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 3-8
.
Figure 3-7 Brightness Menu
•Press [M] to activate menu mode.
•Press [CLR] to display the brightness menu.
•Rotate the right knob to select either “AUTO” for automatic
adjustment or “MAN” for manual adjustment.
•If “AUTO” is selected, the minimum brightness of the display
is set by pulling the right knob outwards and rotating the
knob to the desired brightness level.
•Press [M] to exit the menu and return to normal operation.
To rapidly change display to full brightness, press and hold [CLR]
until the display changes to full brightness.
Button Brightness
The brightness of the button backlighting will be adjusted in
conjunction with the display brightness as described in the previous
section.
Optionally, the button brightness may be controlled by the aircraft
dimmer bus. In this case, adjusting the display brightness will have
no effect on the button brightness. The interface to the aircraft
dimmer bus is enabled during installation of the SN4500.

NAV OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 4-1
CHAPTER 4 NAV OPERATION
NAV Menu
The NAV menu allows the pilot to access GPS Mode and GPS
APPR switching along with auto-slew and course pointer settings.
Figure 4-1 NAV Menu
GPS Mode Selection
GPS/FMS units can be set for automatic or manual sequencing of
waypoints in the active flight plan. This can be set on the SN4500
through the NAV Menu or may be available on an external switch.
The GPS Mode selection will not be shown if the GPS/FMS
interface does not require an external switch for mode selection.
Figure 4-2 GPS Mode
•Press [M] to activate menu mode.
•Press [NAV] to display the NAV menu.
•Rotate the left knob until “GPS MODE” is highlighted in the
far left column.
NAV OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 4-2
•Press the right knob to toggle the setting between “AUTO”
and “HOLD”. (Note: The terminology may differ according
to the model of GPS/FMS interfaced to the SN4500.)
•Press [M] to exit the menu and return to normal operation.
GPS APPR Switch
The GPS APPR selection is used to arm/disarm approach mode on
the GPS/FMS. This selection will not be shown if the GPS/FMS
interface does not require an external GPS APPR switch.
Figure 4-3 GPS APPR
•Press [M] to activate menu mode.
•Press [NAV] to display the NAV menu.
•Press the right knob to arm or disarm GPS Approach mode.
•Press [M] to exit the menu and return to normal operation.
Auto-Slew Function
Auto-slew function enables the automatic operation of the course
pointer when a GPS/FMS is selected as the main NAV source.
Options are AUTO and OFF. When set to auto, the course pointer
cannot be set manually if the GPS/FMS is navigating on a flight plan
or a direct-to course. The auto-slew function is disabled in some
installations and therefore the auto-slew selection will not be shown.
Figure 4-4 Auto-Slew Setup Menu
•Press [M] to activate menu mode.

NAV OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 4-3
•Press [NAV] to display the NAV menu.
•Rotate the left knob until “SLEW” is highlighted in the far left
column.
•Turn the Right knob to select the desired option on the right.
•Press [M] to exit the menu and return to normal operation.
Course Pointer Display Function
Controls the display of the course pointer when GPS is selected as
the NAV source and the moving map is displayed. Options are
AUTO and ON. When set to AUTO, the course pointer is removed
when the flight plan waypoints and course lines are displayed. This
reduces the on-screen clutter. The course pointer will be displayed
momentarily when the course select knob is turned.
Figure 4-5 Course Pointer Setup Menu
•Press [M] to activate menu mode.
•Press [NAV] to display the NAV menu..
•Rotate the left knob until “CRS PTR” is highlighted in the far
left column.
•Rotate the heading bug knob to select the desired option.
•Press [M] to exit the menu and return to normal operation.
NAV OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 4-4
GPS INTEG / WAAS Annunciations
When a properly equipped aircraft has a GPS WAAS approach
selected and is on the approach, one of the following GPS WAAS
approach annunciators will display: LP, LPV, L NAV, LVNAV.
Any time one of the GPS annunciators changes, it will blink for five
seconds.
GPS INTEG & WAAS Approach Type Annunciators
Figure 4-6 Location of INTEG & WAAS Approach Annunciators

NAV OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 4-5
Figure 4-7 GPS WAAS Annunciator Descriptions
ANNUNCIATOR DESCRIPTION
When insufficient satellite coverage
exists, the “INTEG” annunciator will
display in the location of the approach
type annunciators. The “INTEG”
annunciator will always take priority over
the approach type annunciators.
Lateral Precision Approach
Lateral Precision Approach with Vertical
Guidance
Lateral Navigation with Vertical Guidance
Approach
Lateral Navigation Approach
NAV OPERATION
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 4-6
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BEARING POINTERS
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 5-1
CHAPTER 5 BEARING POINTERS
Bearing Pointers
The SN4500 provides two independent bearing pointers which
function in much the same way as a traditional radio magnetic
indicator (RMI). The head of each bearing pointer indicates the
bearing to the NAV source. The tail of each pointer indicates the
bearing from the NAV source. Either pointer can be driven by any
navigation source interfaced to the SN4500: VOR, GPS/FMS, or
ADF. When a GPS/FMS is selected as the bearing pointer source,
the bearing pointer indicates the bearing and distance to the current
active waypoint.
To display the bearings pointers, press [BRG] repeatedly to cycle
through displaying bearing pointer 1 only, displaying bearing 2 only,
displaying both bearing pointers 1 & 2 and disabling both bearing
pointers.
The color of each bearing pointer, and its associated numeric
display, follow the color-coding when on-side:
ADF: White
GPS: Cyan
VOR: Green (NAV1), Yellow (NAV2)
The cross-side color of the bearing pointer, and its associated
numeric display, is yellow when NAV1 is selected and green when
NAV2 is selected.
The digital numeric bearing to the navigation source of the bearing
pointer is displayed at the bottom of the screen. When the data is
invalid, “---“ is displayed and the associated bearing pointer is
removed from the screen. The selected bearing pointer name is
displayed above the numeric bearing display.
Note. Certain ADF receivers may not supply an “invalid” signal. In
these cases, the receiver will “park” the needle, usually 90°to the
right of the lubber line, when no signal is being received. See the
Pilot’s Guide for your navigation receiver to determine its capability
during “No-signal” operation.
BEARING POINTERS
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 5-2
BRG Menu
The NAV sources for the bearing pointers are selected using the
BRG menu function.
Figure 5-1 BRG Main Menu
•Press [M] to activate menu mode.
•Press [BRG] to display the BRG menu
•Rotate the left knob to select BRG1 or BRG2 in the left
column.
•Rotate the right knob to select the desired option.
•Press [M] to exit the menu and return to normal operation.

WEATHER DISPLAY INTERFACE
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 6-1
CHAPTER 6 MAP OPERATIONS
Overview
MAP operations allow you to display navigation information in the
form of a “moving map” directly on the SN4500 display. You have
extensive control over what kinds of navigation information are
displayed on the map:
•Airports and Runways
•Controlled and Special Use Airspace
•VORs
•NDBs
•Intersections
•GPS Flight Plans and Approaches
Within each of these classes of map objects you may fine-tune
exactly which items you want displayed. For example, you may
choose to exclude military or private airports, or those with unpaved
runways or runways shorter than a particular length. Similarly, you
may elect not to display terminal VORs or low-powered NDBs, or to
display Class B airspace and Restricted Areas but exclude Class C
airspace and MOAs. As you will see, the SN4500 offers great
flexibility in how you configure your moving map display.
Finally, you may store up to four different map configurations, and
then quickly switch from one to another as appropriate to your
phase of flight. For instance, when cruising at FL180 or higher, you
might want to display only high-altitude VORs, Special Use Airspace
and airports with paved runways of 6,000 feet or longer. The
SN4500 allows you to save such a map configuration in one of four
map memories and then recall it as needed.
All the airports, navaids and intersections on the moving map,
except for the GPS/FMS flight plan waypoints, come from the
internal database of the SN4500 and are color-coded cyan.
Controlled and Special Use Airspace also comes from the SN4500’s
internal database and are color-coded according to its type (Class B
and Class C in green, MOAs in purple, Restricted and Warning
Areas in yellow, and Prohibited Areas in red.) The GPS/FMS flight
plan waypoints and course line come from the database in the
GPS/FMS and are color-coded magenta or white.
WEATHER DISPLAY INTERFACE
82009-PG, REV D SANDEL SN4500 PILOT’S GUIDE PAGE 6-2
Note: The SN4500 requires a connection to a GPS/FMS receiver in
order to display the moving map. The map display, including the
flight plan from the GPS1 receiver, will also be shown when NAV1
or NAV2 is selected as the primary NAV source.
Internal Database
Non-flight plan data including airspace is referred to as the “internal
database” and is stored in the SN4500’s internal memory. The
internal database can be periodically updated from a Windows-
based PC. The expiration date of the internal database is shown
during the power on sequence. Database updates are available
directly from Sandel Avionics, and may be purchased at
www.sandel.com by your dealer. As this database is for
supplemental use only and not intended for primary navigation,
there is no requirement to update it.
The code letter after the NavData expiration date indicates the
region of the database currently in the memory of the SN4500:
CODE LETTER DATABASE REGION
M All_Americas
N Asia_Pacific
O Europe
P Globe
Map Controls and Displays
Information associated with control of the map is displayed as
follows:
•The map status bar is shown just to the right of the MAP
button and shows icons for the currently enabled map
items.
•The map memory location currently being displayed is
shown at the top of the map status bar as “1”, “2”, “3”, “4” or
“S”.