Schäfter+Kirchhoff SK22368CTOC User manual

© 2019-07 E[email protected] www.SuKHamburg.com
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Titel_ML.indd
SK22368CTOC
Color Line Scan Camera
7456 x 3 pixels 4.7 x 4.7 µm², line frequency up to 6.41 kHz
Instruction Manual
SK22368CTOC
3
2
Sample Configuration
1CCD line scan camera
SK22368CTOC
mounted with
2Mounting bracket SK5105
3Clamping claws SK5102
4Focus adapter FA22R-40 (two-piece),
facilitates adjustment of any rotation angle
5Enlarging lens Apo-Rodagon N 4.0/80
5
4
1
400 500 700 800600
Wavelength (nm)
0
Responsitivity
(V/mJ/cm2)
100
0.0
1.0
400 500 600
Wavelength (nm)
Relative sensitvity
color
Color line scan camera (Triple-Line) with 3 x 7456 RGB pixels, 6.41 kHz maximum line rate,
small pixel size and short sensor length.

Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Hinweise.indd
2
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
How to Use this Instruction Manual
Electricity Warning
Assembly and initial operation of the line scan camera must be carried out under dry
conditions.
Do not operate the camera if you notice any condensation or moisture in order to avoid danger
of a short circuit or static discharge!
Risk of High Power Lighting
According to the application, laser or high power LED light sources might be used. These can
affect your eyesight temporarily or even cause permanent damage to the eyes or skin.
Do not look directly into the light beam!
Mechanics Warning
Ensure that the motion device and the scan way is free to move and that no obstacles are in
the way.
Do not place any part of the body in the way of moving parts!
Line scan cameras are mostly used in combination with a motion device such as a translation
stage, a conveyer or a rotational drive, as well as with high intensity light sources.
For assembly close down these devices whenever possible. Beyond that, please consider the
following warnings:
Safety Warnings
Please read the following sections of this Instruction Manual before unpacking, assembly or use
of the Line Camera System:
The safety warnings on this page
Introduction to the system, page 4
Installation and Setup, page 6
Keep this Instruction Manual in a safe place for future reference.
!

Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Contents.indd
3
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Contents
How to Use this Instruction Manual 2
Safety Warnings 2
Contents 3
1 Introducing the SK22368CTOC Line Scan Camera  ���������������������������������������������� 4
1.1 Intended Purpose and Overview 4
1.2 Computer System Requirements 5
1.3 SK22368CTOC Line Scan Camera - Specifications 5
2 Installation and Setup ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
2.1 Mechanical Installation: Mounting Options and Dimensions 6
2.2 Electrical Installation: Connections and I/O Signals 7
3 Interface and Camera Control ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 8
3.1 Input/Output Signals and Control System 8
3.2 Control Signals and Timing Diagram 11
4 Advanced Camera Control Functions  ����������������������������������������������������������� 12
4.1 Camera Control by Commands 12
Set Commands 13
Request Commands 13
Synchronization of the Image Acquisition with the Feed Rate of the Object 14
RGB Sensors: 2D Imaging and Pixel Allocation 15
4.2 Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results 16
Lens Focussing 16
Sensor Alignment 17
Gain/Offset Adjustment 17
4.3 White Balance and Shading Correction 18
5 Sensor Information �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20
Glossary 24
CE-Conformity 27
Warranty 27
Accessories 28

Introducing the SK22368CTOC Line Scan Camera
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Introduction_CamLink.indd
4
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
1 Introducing the SK22368CTOC Line Scan Camera
PC
CameraLink
grabber for PC
12
3
1Line Scan Camera
2Power Supply
3Illumination
4Grabber with base
configuration
4
Normally, functions like Shading Correction, signal
modification with a look-up table (LUT) or the definition of
a region of interest (ROI) are implemented in the grabber
board. For special requirements these functions can be
made availabel within the camera, please contact the
Schäfter + Kirchhoff customer support where appropriate.
The camera is supplied precalibrated, with factory
settings for gain and offset. A readjustment is normally
not necessary.
The successful use of the line scan camera requires that
the complete optical system is properly set up, especially
the location of the illumination, the degree of focus of the
lens and the aperture setting. The most critical factor is
the perpendicular alignment of the sensor axis either with
the object to be measured or the direction of its relative
travel when scanned. For further guidance see section
4.2 Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results (p. 16).
The SK line scan camera series is designed for a wide
range of vision and inspection applications in both indus-
trial and scientific environments. The SK22368CTOC is
compliant with CameraLink Specification Rev 1.1.
Data acquisition requires that the grabber board conforms
to the CameraLinkTM standard. The grabber board
provides the Start-Of-Scan (SOS) signals and thereby
determines the exposure time and line frequency of the
camera.
CameraLink reads the camera specifications from confi-
guration files. Prior to the iniatial start-up, the appropriate
camera specific file must be created for the grabber in
use.
Beyond, the configuration program SkCLConfig allows
the full parameterization of the camera settings, such as
gain, offset and pixel frequency, via the CameraLinkTM
serial port interface. SkCLConfig uses the clser*.dll driver
that is supplied with the CameraLink grabber board.
For the development of custom applications use the
software development kits released from the grabber
board producers.
1.1 Intended Purpose and Overview

Sensor category CCD Color Sensor
Sensor type TCD2716DG
Pixel number 7456 x 3
Pixel size (width x height) 4.7 x 4.7 µm2
Pixel spacing 4.7 µm
Line spacing, line sequence 18.8 µm, red (R) - green (G) - blue (B)
Active sensor length 35.04 mm
Anti-blooming -
Integration control -
Shading correction x
Line synchronization modes Line Sync, Line Start, Exposure Start
Frame synchronization x
Pixel frequency 150 / 60 MHz
Maximum line frequency 6.41 kHz
Integration time 0.156 ... 20 ms
Dynamic range 1:1000 (rms)
Spectral range 350 ... 700 nm
Video signal color 3*8 Bit digital
Interface Camera Link
Voltage +5V, +15V
Power consumption 4.3 W
Casing Ø65 mm x 54 mm (Case type AT2)
Objective mount M40x0.75
Flange focal length 19.5 mm
Weight 0.2 kg
Operating temperature +5 ... +45°C
Introduction
5
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_SystemRequirements_Specs_ML.indd
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
1.2 Computer System Requirements
1.3 SK22368CTOC Line Scan Camera - Specifications
Introduction
The SK22368CTOC is compliant with CameraLink
Specification Rev 1.1. It is operated in the "Base Confi-
guration" where the signals are carried over a single
connector/cable.
Power supply is provided by a separate power
connector.
Along with the camera the Schäfter +Kirchhoff confi-
guration program SkCLConfig is delivered. Provided
a clser**.dll driver by the grabber board manufacturer
is available, this program facilitates transferring the Set
and Request commands for camera configuration (see
page 13).

Installation and Setup
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Installation-Mechanic_Axx-BGx_ML.indd
6
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
2 Installation and Setup
2.1 Mechanical Installation: Mounting Options and Dimensions
Casing type AT2
Mounting Options
• The best fixing point of the camera is the collar
for the mounting bracket SK5105 (available as an
accessory).
• Four threaded holes M3x 6.5 mm provide further
options for customized brackets.
• The length and weight of the optics might be beyond
the capability of the standard mounting bracket
SK5105. For this purpose, a second mounting
bracket type SK5105-2 to hold the tube extension
ring(s) is more appropriate.
Optics Handling
• If the camera and the optics are ordered as a kit,
the components are pre-assembled and shipped
as one unit. Keep the protective cap on the lens
until the mechanical installation is finished.
• If you must expose the sensor or lens surface,
ensure the environment is as dust-free as possible.
• Gently blow off loose particles using clean
compressed air.
• The sensor and lens surfaces can be cleaned with
a soft tissue moistened with water or a water-based
glass cleaner.
Mounting bracket SK5105
Mounting system SK5105-2
for cameras with a tube
extension > 52 mm
Clamping set SK5102
Set of 4 pcs. clamping claws
incl. screws
66
50
20
16.5
3.5 6.5
10 10
36
M3 Ø3.3
Ø4.3
6
15
50.3
41.7
70
63
40
Ø 42
M4
1/4’’ 20G
6
36
Ø 42
70
3.5 31.5
25
10
3.5
70
63
40
1/4’’20G
M4
Ø4.3
Hex socket head screw
DIN 912–M3x12
Clamping claw
Pixel 1
M3 (4x)
depth 6.5 mm
54Ø65
M40x0.75 2.5 6
FFL
41.7
Ø42
12.7
AC2 Lens mount: M40x0.75
Seat for bracket: Ø42 mm
Flange focal length: FFL = 19.5 mm
CCD-Sensor

2
1
1Power +5 V, +15 V Hirose series 10A, male 6-pin
Total power: 4.3 W
Pin Signal Pin Signal
1+15 V 4+5 V
2+15 V 5GND
3+5 V 6GND
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1112
2
1
3
4
5
6
Installation and Setup
7
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Installation-Electric_CamLink_ML.indd
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
2.2 Electrical Installation: Connections and I/O Signals
Power Cable SK9015.xMF
Use this cable to feed external supply voltage into socket 1.
Connectors:
Hirose plug HR10A, female 6pin (camera side)
Lumberg SV60, male 6-pin connector (for supply voltage)
Length 1.5 m (standard) or 0.2 m
Power Supply Unit PS051515
Input: 100-240 VAC, 0.8 A, 50/60Hz, IEC 320 C14 coupler
(for IEC C13 power cord)
Output: +5V DC, 2.5 A / +15 V DC, 0.5 A / -15 V DC, 0.3 A
Cable length 1 m, with Lumberg connector KV60,
female 6-pin
(for power cable SK9015.x or SK9016.x)
• For the SK22368CTOC line scan camera data transfer and camera control is provded by the Camera Link
interface 2. Use a control cable SK9018.... to connect the camera with the frame grabber card in the PC.
The maximum cable length is 10 m.
• The operating power has to be supplied by an external source into socket 1
• For any kind of synchronized operation the external trigger signal(s) have to be wired to the frame grabber
in addition. The camera can handle two trigger signals. These must be supplied on the CC1 and CC2-pins
of the Camera Link interface. For a detailed description of the interface see section 3 Interface and Camera
Control (p. 8).
Installation and Setup
Accessories (see also Accessories (p. 28)):
2Data Connector Miniature Delta Ribbon,
female 26-pin (MDR-26)
Signal Pin Pin Signal
GND 1 o o 14 GND
X0- 2 o o 15 X0+
X1- 3 o o 16 X1+
X2- 4 o o 17 X2+
Xclk- 5 o o 18 Xclk+
X3- 6 o o 19 X3+
SerTC+ 7 o o 20 SerTC-
SerTFG- 8 o o 21 SerTFG+
CC1 9 o o 22 CC1+
CC2+ 10 o o 23 CC2-
CC3- 11 o o 24 CC3+
CC4+ 12 o o 25 CC4-
GND 13 o o 26 GND
Control cable SK9018...
for line scan cameras with CameraLink interface
26-pin shielded cable, both ends with mini-ribbon
connector (male 26-pin)
SK9018.xMM
MM = connector both ends male
cable length 3 / 5 m or
length according to choice, max. 10m

The differential LVDS signals X0-X3 and XCLK are reserved for the transmission
of high-speed video data from the camera to the grabber board. The video data
is transmitted using numerous serial channels simultaneously, according to the
protocol for the channel link chipset from National Semiconductor.
The CameraLink standard defines the names of the pixel signals, the description of
the signal level and the pin assignments and pinout of the chip.
Signal Name I/O Type Description
R[0–7] O RS644 Red pixel data, 0 = LSB, 7 = MSB
G[0–7] O RS644 Green pixel data, 0 = LSB, 7 = MSB
B[0–7] O RS644 Blue pixel data, 0 = LSB, 7 = MSB
STROBE O RS644 Output data clock
Data are valid for a rising edge
LVAL O RS644 Line Valid, active High Signal
I = Input, O = Output, IO = Bidirectional, P = Power/Ground, NC = not connected
Warning: FVAL and DVAL are not used here as defined in the CameraLink standard.
FVAL is always set to the value = 1 (low).
DVAL is always set to the value = 1 (high).
Video data
Bit DS90CR285
Pin Name Bit DS90CR285 Pin Name Bit DS90CR285 Pin Name Bit DS90CR285 Pin Name
R 0 Tx0 G 0 Tx7 B 0 Tx21 STROBE TxCLK
R 1 Tx1 G 1 Tx8 B 1 Tx22 LVAL Tx24
R 2 Tx2 G 2 Tx9 B 2 Tx16
R 3 Tx3 G 3 Tx12 B 3 Tx17
R 4 Tx4 G 4 Tx15 B 4 Tx13
R 5 Tx6 G 5 Tx18 B 5 Tx14
R 6 Tx27 G 6 Tx19 B 6 Tx10
R 7 Tx5 G 7 Tx20 B 7 Tx11
Bit allocation 24-bit (3*8 bit data: R[0-7], G[0-7], B[0-7])
Serial command: F24
The bit allocation conforms to the CameraLink Standard "Base Configuration".
Interface and Camera Control
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Interface_CamLink_ML.indd
8
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
3 Interface and Camera Control
Signal Name I/O Type Description
LINE SYNC A I RS644 CC1 - Synchronization input (SOS)
LINE SYNC B I RS644 CC2 - Start Integration period in dual synchro modus
(only cameras with Integration Control)
FRAME SYNC I RS644 CC3 - Start acquisition of 2D area scan
I RS644 CC4 - not used
I = Input, O = Output, IO = Bidirectional, P = Power/Ground, NC = not connected
Camera control
3.1 Input/Output Signals and Control System

Interface and Camera Control
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Interface_CamLink_ML.indd
9
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Signal Name I/O Type Description
SerTFG O RS644 Differential pair for serial communications to
the grabber board
SerTC I RS644 Differential pair for serial communications from
the grabber board
The CameraLink interface supports two LVDS signal pairs for communication
between the camera and grabber board, which conform with the RS232 protocol
for asynchronous communication:
– full duplex, no handshake
– 9600 baud, 8-bit, no parity bit, 1 stop bit.
Serial communication
Block Diagram of Camera Link Base Configuration

Interface and Camera Control
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Interface_CamLink_ML.indd
10
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Clock
Select
AD
Conver-
ter
Exposure
Time
Advanced
Sync Control
SyC 2
SynC A
SynC B
SyC 0,1
Output
Format
Select
CCD
Sync
Select
Pixel
Counter
Shading
Correc-
tion
Look Up
Table
(LUT)
CC1
SOS in
CCLK
to
Camera Link
Interface
pixel clock Oscillator
pixel
adress
DVAL
M0 M1
M3 M4
M4
video
video D[0-11] (monochrome cameras)
R[0-7], G[0-7], B[0-7] (RGB cameras)
trigger
Restart
SOS
discharge
CC2
LVAL
Port A, B, C
Camera Link
Base
SynC 3...7
Sync
Divider
M3
Region
of Inte-
rest (ROI)
pixel clock
~
~
~
Logical Diagram of the Camera Control System

Interface and Camera Control
11
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC SK22368CTOC_CameraControl(3d)_CamLink_CtrlSignals-Timing.indd
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-06 E
The control signals needed to run the CCD line scan
camera are "Clock" (CCLK) and "Start Of Scan" (SOS).
The clock signal is generated internally by a program-
mable oscillator.
The SOS can be initiated internally by adjusting the
Exposure Time or externally by the grabber board. For
internal control, the camera must be set in the 'Free Run'
mode by using command 'M0'. When the SOS signal is
generated by the grabber board then the camera must
be set to the 'external Trigger CC1' mode using 'M3'.
The frequency of the 'SOS' signal determines the number
of lines that are read per second (= line frequency). On
each rising edge of this signal, the accumulated charges
within the sensor are transferred to the analog transport
registers in parallel with the sensor line information.
Thus, the frequency of the clock signal determines the
speed at which the charges of the individual pixels of the
line sensor appear in the camera video output. At each
positive edge, the accumulated charges of the subse-
quent pixels are released as video output.
The SK22368CTOC camera requires 7778 clock pulses
for a line scan to be read out completely. This corres-
ponds to the number of pixels per line plus several extra
cycles prior and past the charge acquisition.
Accordingly, the line frequency is limited to 1/7778 part of
the clock freqeuncy. Lower line frequency values can be
used without restriction. The minimum SOS pulse length
is 30 ns.
Interface and Camera Control
3.2 Control Signals and Timing Diagram
i = isolation pixels, o = overclocking
745674557454iioo i o o1 2 3
B7456
B2 B4
B7455
B1 B3
io o
io o
G7456
G2 G4
R7455
R1 R3
o o
R7456
R2 R4
io o
G7455
G1 G3
io o
1 3 745674557454iioo i o o
745674557454iioo i o o
i
1 2
2
3
io o
CCLK
STROBE
LVAL
R[0-7]
G[0-7]
B[0-7]
Video
intern
for
Red,
Green,
Blue,
odd and
even
15 ns
Output
745674557454iioo i o o1 2 3
B7456
B2 B4
B7455
B1 B3
io o
io o
G7456
G2 G4
R7455
R1 R3
o o
R7456
R2 R4
io o
G7455
G1 G3
io o
1 3 745674557454iioo i o o
745674557454iioo i o o
i
1 2
2
3
io o
SOS
CC1
Input 316 Clock Cycles 7456 Clock Cycles 6 Clock Cycles
≥30 ns

Advanced Camera Control Functions
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC SK22368CTOC_CameraControl(4)_ByCommands.indd
12
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
4 Advanced Camera Control Functions
4.1 Camera Control by Commands
The configuration program SkClConfig provides the option to adjust camera settings, such as gain, offset, trigger
modes, by sending control commands directly.
Similarly, current parameters, as well as specific product information, can be read from the camera using the request
commands. All set and request commands are listed in the tables below.
• The commands are entered in the 'Input' field in the 'Camera Control' section of the "Camera Gain/Offset
Control" dialog. 1
• In the 'Output' field, either the acknowledgement of the set commands (0 =OK, 1 = not OK) or the return values
of the request commands are output. 2
The parameter settings are stored in the non-volatile flash memory of the camera and are available after a rapid
start-up, even after a complete shut down or loss of power.
1 2
Gain/Offset Control dialog: Camera Control input and output in the bottom left section

Advanced Camera Control Functions
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC SK22368CTOC_CameraControl(4)_ByCommands.indd
13
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Set Commands
Set Operation Description
Goooo<CR> gain 1 (red odd) setting 0-24 dB
Boooo<CR> gain 2 (red even) setting 0-24 dB
Hoooo<CR> gain 3 (green odd) setting 0-24 dB
Joooo<CR> gain 4 (green even) setting 0-24 dB
[oooo<CR> gain 5 (blue odd) setting 0-24 dB
@oooo<CR> gain 6 (blue even) setting 0-24 dB
Oppp<CR> offset 1 (red) setting
Pppp<CR> offset 2 (green) setting
Qppp<CR> offset 3 (blue) setting
F24<CR> output format: 3x8 bit output data
C150<CR> camera clock: 150 MHz data rate
C60<CR> camera clock: 60 MHz data rate
C<CR> camera clock (opt.): MHz data rate
T0<CR> test pattern off / SCM off
T1<CR> test pattern on (turns off with power off)
T2<CR> shading correction on
T3<CR> auto program Shading Correction / SCM on
T4<CR> copy flash memory 1 to SCM
T5<CR> save SCM to flash memory 1
T6<CR> video out = SCM data
T7<CR> copy Flash Memory 2 to LUT Memory
T8<CR> save LUT Memory to Flash Memory 2
T9<CR> output data = LUT data
M0<CR> free run with selected line rate
M1<CR> line trigger mode1: extern trigger next
Line CC1-input
M2<CR> free run with maximum line rate
M3<CR> extern SOS CC1-input
Axxxx<CR> SCM address (xxxxx = A0-A22367) or
LUTM (xxxxx = A32768-A36863)
Dxxxx<CR> Memory data (xxxx = 0-4095), increment
memory address counter
Wyyyyy<CR> line clock frequency
(yyyyy = 50-6410) [Hz]
Xyyyyy<CR> exposure time (yyyyy = 156-20000) [µs]
SCOG<CR> enable COG (coupling of gain settings)
RCOG<CR> disable COG (coupling of gain settings)
SLUT<CR> enable LUT
RLUT<CR> disable LUT
SNES<CR> enable NES (no EEPROM save)
RNES<CR> disable NES (no EEPROM save)
RESET<CR> reset Memory to manufacturer default
Request Commands
Request Return Description
K<CR> SK22368CTOC returns SKtype number
R<CR> Rev. 2.50 returns Revision number
S<CR> SNr00163 returns Serial number
I<CR> SK22368CTOC
Rev. 2.50
SNr00163
camera identification readout
I1<CR> VCC: yyyyy returns VCC (1=10mV)
I2<CR> VDD: yyyyy returns VDD (1=10mV)
I3<CR> moo: yyyyy returns mode of operation
I4<CR> CLo: yyyyy returns camera clock low
frequency (MHz)
I5<CR> CHi: yyyyy returns camera clock high
frequency (MHz)
I6<CR> Ga: yyyyy returns gain 1
I7<CR> Ga2: yyyyy returns gain 2
I8<CR> Of: yyyyy returns offset 1
I9<CR> Of2: yyyyy returns offset 2
I10<CR> Ga3 yyyyy returns gain 3
I11<CR> Ga4 yyyyy returns gain 4
I12<CR> Of3: yyyyy returns offset 3
I14<CR> Ga5 yyyyy returns gain 5
I15<CR> Ga6 yyyyy returns gain 6
I19<CR> Tab: yyyyy returns number of video
channels
I20<CR> CLK: yyyyy returns selected clock
frequency (MHz)
I21<CR> ODF: yyyyy returns selected output data
format
I22<CR> TRM: yyyyy returns selected trigger mode
I23<CR> SCO: yyyyy returns shading corr. on/off
I24<CR> Exp: yyyyy returns exposure time
I25<CR> miX: yyyyy returns min. exposure time (µs)
I26<CR> LCK: yyyyy returns line frequency (Hz)
I27<CR> maZ: yyyyy returns max.line frequency (Hz)
I32<CR> Tmp: yyyyy returns Video Board Temper.
I38<CR> LUT: yyyyy returns LUT on/off
I39<CR> KST: yyyyy returns Status
Range of values:
oooo = 0 ... 1023
ppp = 0 ... 255
xxxx = 4 digits integer value as ASCII
yyyyy = 5 digits integer value as ASCII
LUT: Lookup Table
SCM: Shading Correction Memory
SOS: Start of Scan
Acknowledgement for all set commands:
0 = OK, 1 = not OK

FOV
S
V0
Pixel #1
Pixel #1
WP/ ß
CCD Sensor
Scan Object
Camera Control and Performing a Scan
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_CameraControl(3)_Sync_ML.indd
14
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Camera Control and Performing a Scan
Synchronization of the Image Acquisition with the Feed Rate of the Object
A line scan camera produces a two-dimensional image by moving either the object or the camera. The direction of
the translation movement must be orthogonal to the sensor axis of the line scan camera.
In order to obtain an image with the correct aspect ratio, a line synchronous feed is required. With RGB color
sensors, the color sequence of the individual sensor lines must also be taken into account when processing
the sensor data. The software development kits from Schäfter+Kirchhoff contain easy-to-use functions for this
purpose.
If the object speed is variable or the accuracy requirements are high, external synchronization is required. The
various synchronization modes are described in the next section.
The optimal scan speed for a given line frequency is
calculated as follows:
WP·fL
VO=
ß
If the scanning speed is fixed, the line frequency must
be adjusted accordingly in order to obtain the correct
aspect ratio in the image:
VO·ß
fL=
WP
VO= object scan velocity
WP= pixel width
fL= line frequency
S= sensor length
FOV = field of view
ß= magnification factor
= S / FOV
Example 1:
Calculating the scan velocity for a given field of view and a given line frequency:
Pixel width = 4.7 µm
Line frequency = 6.41 kHz
S= 35.04 mm
FOV = 60 mm
4.7 µm · 6.41 kHz
VO=
(35.04 mm / 60 mm)
= 52 mm/s
Example 2:
Calculating the line frequency for a given field of view and object scan velocity:
Pixel width = 4.7 µm
Scan velocity = 50 mm/s
S= 35.04 mm
FOV = 60 mm
50 mm/s · (35.04 mm / 60 mm)
fL=
4.7 µm
= 6.2 kHz

CCD Sensor
Scan
Object
FOV
V0
WP/ ß
WL/ ß
Pixel #1
S
Pixel #1
GR
B
RGB Sensors: 2D Imaging and Pixel Allocation
Camera Control and Performing a Scan
Camera Control and Performing a Scan
15
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_CameraControl(3c)_Sync_col-Ext_ML.indd
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
The three lines of the implemented triple line sensor are
sensitive for the primary colors red (R), green (G) and
blue (B). For the spectral sensitivity characteristics, see
section 5 Sensor Information. The pixel width Wpis
4.7 µm and the line spacing WLof 18.8 µm is 4times the
pixel width.
During object travel, an object point reaches the red (R)
line sensor first. If the object is translated by one pixel
height per clock pulse then after 4lines the green (G)
pixels are exposed. After another 4lines then the blue (B)
pixels have been covered and all color information has
been acquired.
A
B
Monochrome font pattern
Aline synchronous object transport
Basynchronous transport of the object
causes color convergence aberration
The Camera SK22368CTOC outputs the red (R), green (G)
and blue (B)-information sequentially in one single video
output signal.
The color information originating from the different parts
of the object is stored in the buffer of the PC and subse-
quently reallocated correctly.
Generating the color information of object
locations for display
line scan 9
object location no. 1 2 3 ... 7456
RGB RGB RGB ... RGB
PC memory of camera data
column no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 22368
line no.
1 R G B R G B R G B ... R G B
...
5 R G B R G B R G B ... R G B
...
9 R G B R G B R G B ... R G B
...
Triple line sensors require a precise synchronous
translation of the object for the correct allocation of
pixels. Also, the transport direction has to conform to
the sequence of the line acquisition: first red (R) then
green (G) and blue (B).
Images with color convergence aberrations are
generated, when these conditions are not met.
VO:object scan velocity
WP:pixel width = pixel height HP
(for sensors with square pixels)
WL:line spacing
S: sensor length
FOV: field of view
ß: magnification = S / FOV

Camera Control and Performing a Scan
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_CameraControl(2)_Adjustments-1_ML.indd
16
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Camera Control and Performing a Scan
4.2 Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results
•Lens focussing
•Sensor alignment
•Gain/Offset
•Shading correction
•Integration time
•Synchronization of the sensor exposure
and the object surface velocity, trigger
mode options.
Prior to a scan, the following adjustments and parameter settings should be considered for optimum
scan signals:
Start with the signal window / oscilloscope display. Any changes in the optical system or camera parameters
are displayed in real-time when using an open dialog box.
Lens Focussing
The real time Signal Window facilitates the effective focussing of the line scan camera system, even for
two-dimensional measurement tasks. For determining the correct focus, the edge steepness at dark-bright transi-
tions and the modulation of the line scan signal are the most important factors.
Adjust the focus with the aperture fully open to limit the depth of field and enhance the effects of changing the
working distance.
If the sensor is overloaded when the aperture is fully open, the easiest way to reduce the signal amplitude is to
shorten the integration time, as described in section Optimum brightness adjustment, Integration Time (p.
16).
Out-of-focus:
• Low edge steepness
• Signal peaks are blurred
• High spatial frequencies with low modulation depth
Optimum focus:
• Dark-bright transitions with steep edges
• Large modulation in the signal peaks
• High spatial frequencies with high modulation depth
steep edges
high modulation
depth
low modulation depth
low edge steepness

Camera Control and Performing a Scan
17
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_CameraControl(2)_Adjustments-1_ML.indd
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
Sensor Alignment
If you are using a linear light source, check the alignment of the light source and sensor before shading correction,
as rotating the line sensor will result in asymmetric vignetting.
Sensor and line lighting slightly twisted in
relation to each other, asymmetric vignetting
Sensor and line lighting aligned in parallel,
symmetric vignetting
Gain/Offset Adjustment
The cameras are supplied with factory-set gain/offset. Open the "Gain/Offset Control" dialog to adjust these
settings.
Platzhalter für Grafik und Text in anderen Ebenen
Adjustment principle
1. Offset
To adjust the zero baseline of the video signal, totally
block the incident light and enter "00" (volts) for
channel 1.
For a two- or multi-channel sensor, minimize any diffe-
rences between the channels by adjusting the other
Offset sliders.
A slight signal noise should be visible in the zero
baseline.
2. Gain
Illuminate the sensor with a slight overexposure in order
to identify the maximum clipping. Use the Gain slider
"1" to adjust the maximum output voltage.
For a two- or multi-channel sensor, minimize any diffe-
rences between the channels by adjusting the other
Gain sliders.
For the full 8-bit resolution of the camera, the maximum
output voltage is set to 255 and for 12-bit is set to
4095.
Offset
and gain
adjustment
for more than
one gain/
offset channel
2. Adjust the gain of channel1.
Minimize the difference
between the channels with
the other gain controls.
1. Adjust the zero level of
channel 1. Minimize the
difference between the
channels using the other
Offset controls.
The gain/offset dialog contains up to 6 sliders for altering gain and offset. The number of active sliders depends
on the individual number of adjustable gain/offset channels of the camera.
Enter commands for advanced software functions in the 'Camera Control' field (see page 11).
Gain/Offset
Control dialog

Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_CameraControl(2b)_WhiteBalance_CamLink.indd
18
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E
• Use a homogeneous white object, e.g. a white sheet of paper, to acquire the RGB line signals.
• Open the "Gain/Offset Control" dialog. Use the gain sliders to adjust all three curves to the same level. Some
camera models provide two gain/offset channels - thus two sliders - per color.
• Afterwards, use the Shading Correction function of your grabber. Shading Correction compensates for
non-uniform illumination and lens vignetting, as well as any differences in pixel sensitivity. The signal from a
white homogeneous background is obtained and used as a reference to correct each pixel of the sensor with an
individual factor. The result is a leveled signal along the full sensor length. A shading correction with a balanced
RGB sensitivity ensures a natural color reading.
Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results
4.3 White Balance and Shading Correction
Color line signal with separated RGB curves
Color line signal with the Red signal adjusted to that of the Blue channel; the Green channel is still separate
Color line signal with balanced RGB curves
Color line signal with
balanced RGB curves
after Gain Adjustment
and Shading
Correction

Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_blank.indd
19
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-07 E

Sensor Information
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC shared_Sensor_TCD2716DG.indd
20
Instruction Manual SK22368CTOC © 2019-06 E
5 Sensor Information
Manufacturer: TOSHIBA Corporation
Type: TCD2716DG
Data source: TOSHIBA CCD Linear Image Sensor CCD (Charge Coupled Device) TCD2716DG, 2009-06-29
a) Features
• Number of image sensing pixels: 7450 elements × 3 lines
• Image sensing pixels size: 4.7 µm by 4.7 µm on 4.7 µm center
• Photo sensing region: High sensitive pn photodiode
• Clock: 2-phase (5 V)
• Distance between photodiode array: Pixel R to pixel G, and pixel G to pixel B = 18.8 µm (４lines)
• Internal circuit: Clamp circuit
• Package: 22-pin CERDIP
• Color filter: Red, Green, Blue
b) RGB filter arrangement
c) Typical Spectral Response