Sea Tel 9797B-70 C-Band TX/RX User manual
Sea Tel, Inc.
4030 Nelson Avenue
Concord, CA 94520
Tel: (925) 798-7979
Fax: (925) 798-7986
Email: seatel@cobham.com
Web: : www.cobham.com\seatel
Sea Tel Europe
Unit 1, Orion Industrial Centre
Wide Lane, Swaythling
Southampton, UK S0 18 2HJ
Tel: 44 (0)23 80 671155
Fax: 44 (0)23 80 671166
Email: seatel@cobham.com
Web: www.cobham.com\seatel
Sea Tel Inc doing business as Cobham SATCOM
August 4, 2010 Document. No. 128411 Revision C
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL
FOR SEA TEL MODEL
9797B-70 C-BAND TX/RX ANTENNA
WARNING: RF RADIATION HAZARD
This stabilized antenna system is designed to be used with transmit/receive equipment
manufactured by others. Refer to the documentation supplied by the manufacturer which
will describe potential hazards, including exposure to RF radiation, associated with the
improper use of the transmit/receive equipment. Note that the transmit/receive
equipment will operate independently of the stabilized antenna system. Prior to work on
the stabilized antenna system, the power to the transmit/receive system must be locked
out and tagged.
When the transmit/receive system is in operation, no one should be allowed anywhere
within the radiated beam being emitted from the reflector.
The ultimate responsibility for safety rests with the facility operator and the
individuals who work on the system.
ii
These commodities, technology or software were exported from the United
States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion
contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
Sea Tel Marine Stabilized Antenna systems are manufactured in the United
States of America.
Sea Tel is an ISO 9001:2000 registered company. Certificate Number 19.2867 was issued
August 12, 2005. Sea Tel was originally registered on November 09, 1998.
R&TTE
CE
The Series 97 Family of Marine Stabilized Antenna Pedestals with DAC-97 Antenna Control
Unit complied with the requirements of European Norms and European Standards EN 60945
(1997) and prETS 300 339 (1998-03) on July 20, 1999. Sea Tel document number 119360
European Union Declaration of Conformity for Marine Navigational Equipment is available on
request.
This Sea Tel Ku Band antenna will meet the spectral density, stabilization accuracy and, when properly
connected to the modem, the automatic cessation of transmission requirements of the 2009 version of FCC 47
C.F.R. § 25.222. Please refer to the declaration included in this manual.
Copyright Notice
All Rights Reserved. The information contained in this document is proprietary to Sea Tel, Inc..
This document may not be reproduced or distributed in any form without prior consent of Sea Tel,
Inc. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2009 Sea
Tel, Inc is doing business as Cobham SATCOM.
This document has been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office.
Revision History
REV ECO# Date Description By
A N/A March 19, 2009 Initial Release ECM
A1 N/A April 28, 2009 Updated font and logo. MDN
B January 6, 2010 Add GSR2 software information MDN
C July 8, 2010 Updated Text and Graphics to reflect current build ECM
Table of Contents
v
1.INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1.GENERAL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3.SYSTEM COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.4.GENERAL SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL.............................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.5.QUICK OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................................ 1-2
2.OPERATION.....................................................................................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.SYSTEM POWER-UP ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.ANTENNA INITIALIZATION .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3.ANTENNA STABILIZATION ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.4.STABILIZED PEDESTAL ASSEMBLY OPERATION........................................................................................................................................ 2-2
2.5.TRACKING OPERATION ................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.6.ANTENNA POLARIZATION OPERATION...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.7.LOW NOISE BLOCK CONVERTER OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.8.RF EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.9.RADOME ASSEMBLY OPERATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-2
3.BASIC SYSTEM INFORMATION........................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.SATELLITE BASICS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1.C-Band Receive Frequency (3.625-4.2GHz).................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2.Blockage .........................................................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.3.Rain Fade........................................................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.4.Signal level.....................................................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.5.Satellite Footprints ...................................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.1.6.Linear Satellite polarization..................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.2.ANTENNA BASICS.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.1.Unlimited Azimuth ....................................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.2.2.Elevation.........................................................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.2.3.Antenna polarization ...............................................................................................................................................................3-3
3.2.4.Stabilization..................................................................................................................................................................................3-3
3.2.5.Search Pattern.............................................................................................................................................................................3-3
3.2.6.Tracking Receiver – Single Channel Per Carrier Receiver.....................................................................................3-3
3.2.7.Tracking ..........................................................................................................................................................................................3-3
3.3.COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.1.Antenna ADE Assembly..........................................................................................................................................................3-5
3.3.2.Antenna Control Unit...............................................................................................................................................................3-5
3.3.3.Above Decks AC Power Supply...........................................................................................................................................3-5
3.4.POSITIVE SATELLITE ID................................................................................................................................................................................ 3-6
3.5.OPEN ANTENNA-MODEM INTERFACE PROTOCOL (OPENAMIP™) SPECIFICATION:........................................................................ 3-6
3.5.1.Overview: ........................................................................................................................................................................................3-6
3.5.2.Interface requirements:.........................................................................................................................................................3-6
3.5.3.Utilized OpenAMIP Commands:........................................................................................................................................3-7
4.INSTALLATION............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.GENERAL CAUTIONS &WARNINGS ........................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2.SITE SURVEY................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.PREPARING FOR THE INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.1.Unpack Shipping Crates.........................................................................................................................................................4-2
4.3.2.Inspect / Inventory...................................................................................................................................................................4-2
4.3.3.Prepare ADE Mounting Location.......................................................................................................................................4-2
Table of Contents
vi
4.3.4.Preparing BDE Location......................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.5.Installing The System Cables ............................................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.4.ASSEMBLING THE ADE ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.4.1.Preparing for Assembly of the ADE................................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.4.2.144” Radome, Base frame and Antenna Pedestal System Assembly ............................................................ 4-3
4.4.3.Preparing the ADE for Lift .................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.5.INSTALLING THE ADE................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.5.1.Hoist................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-4
4.5.2.Install Antenna/Radome/Base frame ............................................................................................................................. 4-5
4.5.3.Cooling Unit Assembly - TX SYSTEMS ONLY............................................................................................................ 4-5
4.6.INSTALL BDE EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.1.ACU & TMS................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6.2.Other BDE Equipment ............................................................................................................................................................ 4-5
4.7.CABLE TERMINATIONS..................................................................................................................................................................................4-5
4.7.1.At The Radome........................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.7.2.ACU & TMS................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.7.3.Other BDE Equipment ............................................................................................................................................................ 4-5
4.8.FINAL ASSEMBLY............................................................................................................................................................................................4-5
4.8.1.Mount RF Equipment (TXRX Only)................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.8.2.Remove Stow Braces/Restraints........................................................................................................................................ 4-6
4.8.3.Verify all assembly and Wiring connections............................................................................................................... 4-6
4.8.4.Balance Antenna Pedestal.................................................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.9.POWER-UP THE ADE....................................................................................................................................................................................4-6
4.9.1.Initialization................................................................................................................................................................................. 4-6
4.9.2.Home Flag Position.................................................................................................................................................................. 4-6
4.9.3.BDE................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.10.SETUP ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................4-6
5.SETUP.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.OPERATOR SETTINGS..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2.AUTO TRIM .................................................................................................................................................................................................5-1
5.3.OPTIMIZING TARGETING (AUTO TRIM)....................................................................................................................................................5-1
5.4.OPTIMIZING TARGETING (MANUALLY)..................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.SAT SKEW SETTING........................................................................................................................................................................................5-2
5.2.POLARITY ANGLE (POLANG) PARAMETERS............................................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.3.OPTIMIZING AUTO-POLARIZATION CROSS-POL ISOLATION ................................................................................................................5-2
5.4.CALIBRATING RELATIVE ANTENNA POSITION (HOME FLAG OFFSET).................................................................................................5-3
5.4.1.To Calculate HFO:..................................................................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.4.2.To Enter the HFO value:......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4
5.4.3.Radiation Hazard and Blockage Mapping (AZ LIMIT parameters) ................................................................ 5-5
5.1.TX POLARITY SETUP................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.2.TRACK DISP.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5-10
5.3.ACU FACTORY DEFAULT PARAMETER SETTINGS –SERIES 97B &00B ANTENNAS ................................................................... 5-11
6.FUNCTIONAL TESTING .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.ACU /ANTENNA SYSTEM CHECK ..............................................................................................................................................................6-1
6.2.LATITUDE/LONGITUDE AUTO-UPDATE CHECK ........................................................................................................................................ 6-1
6.3.HEADING FOLLOWING................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.4.AZIMUTH &ELEVATION DRIVE...................................................................................................................................................................6-1
6.5.FOUR QUADRANT TEST TRACKING.............................................................................................................................................................6-2
Table of Contents
vii
7.MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ..............................................................................................................................7-1
7.1.WARRANTY INFORMATION.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2.RECOMMENDED PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE.......................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2.1.Check ACU Parameters...........................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.2.Latitude/Longitude Auto-Update check.........................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.3.Heading Following.....................................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.4.Azimuth & Elevation Drive ....................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.5.Test Tracking................................................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.6.Visual Inspection - Radome & Pedestal.......................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.7.Mechanical Checks ...................................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.8.Check Balance .............................................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.9.Observe Antenna Initialization...........................................................................................................................................7-3
7.3.TROUBLESHOOTING....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-3
7.3.1.Theory Of Stabilization Operation....................................................................................................................................7-3
7.3.2.Antenna Initialization (Series 97B & Series 00 )........................................................................................................7-3
7.3.3.Troubleshooting using DacRemP......................................................................................................................................7-4
7.3.4.Antenna Loop Error Monitoring.........................................................................................................................................7-5
7.3.5.Reference Sensor Monitoring.............................................................................................................................................7-6
7.3.6.Open Loop Rate Sensor Monitoring.................................................................................................................................7-7
7.3.7.Fine Balance and Monitoring Motor Drive Torque..................................................................................................7-8
7.3.8.Open Loop Motor Test.........................................................................................................................................................7-10
7.3.9.To Disable/Enable DishScan .............................................................................................................................................7-10
7.3.10.Satellite Reference Mode ...................................................................................................................................................7-11
7.3.11.To Read/Decode an ACU Error Code 0008 (Pedestal Function Error):......................................................7-11
7.3.12.Remote GPS LAT/LON Position:.......................................................................................................................................7-14
7.4.MAINTENANCE.............................................................................................................................................................................................7-15
7.4.1.C-Band Circular Tx Polarity change..............................................................................................................................7-15
7.5.ALIGNING THE DROP-IN FEED,OF THE ANTENNA ..................................................................................................................................7-18
7.5.1.Balancing the Antenna.........................................................................................................................................................7-19
7.5.2.To Adjust Tilt: ............................................................................................................................................................................7-19
7.5.3.To Reset/Reinitialize the Antenna:.................................................................................................................................7-20
7.6.PEDESTAL CONTROL UNIT CONFIGURATION (XX97B &XX00).........................................................................................................7-21
7.6.1.To configure the PCU;..........................................................................................................................................................7-21
7.6.2.MODEL CONFIGURATION NUMBERS.........................................................................................................................7-21
7.7.ANTENNA STOWING PROCEDURE.............................................................................................................................................................7-21
8.9797B-70 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................8-1
8.1.ANTENNA REFLECTOR ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.2.FEED ASSEMBLIES.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.2.1.C-Band TXRX Feed Assembly..............................................................................................................................................8-1
8.3.RF EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
8.4.NORSAT 3000 SERIES C-BAND LNB....................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.5.PEDESTAL CONTROL UNIT (PCU).............................................................................................................................................................. 8-2
8.6.144” RADOME ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8-2
8.7.UNLIMITED AZIMUTH MODEMS (3 CHANNEL)....................................................................................................................................... 8-2
8.8.STABILIZED ANTENNA PEDESTAL ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................................................................... 8-3
8.9.ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (ADE)..................................................................................................................................................... 8-4
8.10.CABLES............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8-4
8.10.1.Antenna Control Cable (Provided from ACU-MUX).................................................................................................8-4
Table of Contents
viii
8.10.2.Antenna Transmit & Receive IF Coax Cables (Customer Furnished)............................................................ 8-4
8.10.3.Multi-conductor Cables (Customer Furnished) ........................................................................................................ 8-5
8.10.4.AC Power Cable (Pedestal & Rf Equipment) ............................................................................................................... 8-5
8.10.5.AC Power Cable (Optional Marine Air Conditioner)................................................................................................ 8-5
8.10.6.Gyro Compass Interface Cable (Customer Furnished)......................................................................................... 8-5
9.DRAWINGS...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.9797B-70 MODEL SPECIFIC DRAWINGS................................................................................................................................................ 9-1
9.2.SERIES 97 GENERAL DRAWINGS.................................................................................................................................................................9-1
9797B-70 C-Band TXRX Introduction
1-1
1. Introduction
WARNING: RF Radiation Hazard - This stabilized antenna system is designed to be used with
transmit/receive equipment manufactured by others. Refer to the documentation supplied by the
manufacturer which will describe potential hazards, including exposure to RF radiation, associated with
the improper use of the transmit/receive equipment. Note that the transmit/receive equipment will
operate independently of the stabilized antenna system.
The ultimate responsibility for safety rests with the facility operator and the individuals who
work on the system.
1.1. General System Description
Your Series 97 system is a fully stabilized antenna that has been designed and manufactured so as to be inherently
reliable, easy to maintain, and simple to operate. Except for start-ups, or when changing to operate with different
transponders or satellites, the equipment essentially permits unattended operation.
1.2. Purpose
This shipboard Transmit-Receive (TXRX) system provides you with two-way satellite voice/data communications while
underway on an ocean-going vessel. This can be used to provide a wide variety of telephone, fax and data
applications. Your Series 97 Antenna system can transmit to and receive from any desired satellite which has
adequate signal coverage in your current geographic area. Your Series 97 antenna may be fitted with appropriate
Transmit & Receive RF Equipment and appropriate Feed to allow you to operate in linear or circular polarization mode
at C-Band frequencies. This input will be distributed to your satellite modem and then to all of your other below decks
equipment.
1.3. System Components
The Series 97 TXRX system consists of two major groups of equipment; an above-decks group and a below-decks
group. Each group is comprised of, but is not limited to, the items listed below. All equipment comprising the Above
Decks is incorporated inside the radome assembly and is integrated into a single operational entity. For inputs, this
system requires only an unobstructed line-of-sight view to the satellite, Gyro Compass input and AC electrical power.
For more information about these components, refer to the Basic System Information section of this manual.
A. Above-Decks Equipment (ADE) Group
1. Stabilized antenna pedestal
2. Antenna Reflector
3. Feed Assembly with LNB(s)
4. Separate C-Band and Ku-Band Radio Packages
5. Separate C-Band and Ku-Band High Power Amplifiers
6. Radome Assembly
B. Below-Decks Equipment Group
1. Antenna Control Unit
2. Splitter with desired number of outputs (one output to the ACU and one output to the Satellite Modem are
required).
3. Satellite Modem and other below decks equipment required for the desired communications purposes.
4. Spectrum Analyzer (Optional)
5. Control, RF and Other cable connections
Introduction 9797B-70 C-Band TXRX
1-2
Figure 1-1 Series 97 TXRX Simplified Block Diagram
1.4. General scope of this manual
This manual describes the Sea Tel Series 97 Antenna (also called the Above Decks Equipment), its’ operation and
installation. Refer to the manual provided with your Antenna Control Unit for its’ installation and operating
instructions.
1.5. Quick Overview of contents
The information in this manual is organized into chapters. Operation, basic system information, installation, setup,
functional testing, maintenance, specifications and drawings relating to this Antenna are all contained in this manual
9797B-70 C-Band TXRX Operation
2-1
2. Operation
WARNING: RF Radiation Hazard - This stabilized antenna system is designed to be used with
transmit/receive equipment manufactured by others. Refer to the documentation supplied by the
manufacturer which will describe potential hazards, including exposure to RF radiation, associated
with the improper use of the transmit/receive equipment. Note that the transmit/receive
equipment will operate independently of the stabilized antenna system.
The ultimate responsibility for safety rests with the facility operator and the individuals
who work on the system.
WARNING: RF Radiation Hazard - When the transmit/receive system is in operation, no one
should be allowed anywhere within the radiated beam being emitted from the reflector.
The ultimate responsibility for safety rests with the facility operator and the individuals
who work on the system.
2.1. System Power-up
Turn the Power switch on the louvered panel of the antenna pedestal ON. This will energize the antenna pedestal and
the associated RF equipment.
Turn the Power switch on rear panel of the Antenna Control Unit (ACU) ON.
2.2. Antenna Initialization
A functional operation check can be made on the antenna stabilization system by observing its behavior during the 4
phases of initialization.
Turn the pedestal power supply ON. This will release the elevation and cross-level bakes and then the PCU will initialize
the stabilized portion of the mass to be level with the horizon and at a prescribed Azimuth and Elevation angles. The
antenna will go through the specific sequence of steps (listed below) to initialize the antenna. These phases initialize
the level cage, elevation, cross-level and azimuth to predetermined starting positions.
Initialization is completed in the following phases, each phase must complete properly for the antenna to operate
properly (post-initialization).
1. Level Cage is driven CCW, issuing extra steps to assure that the cage is all the way to the mechanical stop.
Then the Level cage will be driven exactly 45.0 degrees CW.
2. Elevation axis activates - Input from the LV axis of the tilt sensor is used to drive the Elevation of the
equipment frame to bring the tilt sensor LV axis to level (this results in the dish being at an elevation angle of
45.0 degrees).
3. Cross-Level axis activates - Input from the CL axis of the tilt sensor is used to drive Cross-Level of the
equipment frame to bring the cross-level axis of the tilt sensor to level (this results in the tilt of the Cross-
Level Beam being level).
4. Azimuth axis activates - Antenna drives in azimuth until the “Home Flag” signal is produced. This signal is
produced by a Home Switch hitting a cam or by a Hall Effect sensor in close proximity to a Magnet.
This completes the phases of initialization. At this time the antenna elevation should 45.0 degrees and Relative
azimuth should be at be at home flag (home switch engaged on the home flag cam).
If any of these steps fail, or the Antenna Control Unit reports model number as "xx97(A/B)" re-configure the PCU as
described in section the Setup section of this manual. If initialization still fails, refer to the troubleshooting section of
this manual.
2.3. Antenna Stabilization
After initialization has completed, real-time stabilization of the antenna is an automatic function of the PCU.
Operation 9797B-70 C-Band TXRX
2-2
2.4. Stabilized Pedestal Assembly Operation
Operation of the stabilized antenna Pedestal Control Unit (PCU) is accomplished remotely by the Antenna Control Unit
(ACU). Refer to the Operation section of the Antenna Control Unit manual for more specific operation details. There
are no other operating instructions applicable to the pedestal assembly by itself.
2.5. Tracking Operation
Tracking optimizes the antenna pointing, in very fine step increments, to maximize the level of the satellite signal
being received. The mode of tracking used in this antenna is a variation of Conical Scanning called DishScan.
DishScan continuously drives the antenna in a very small circular pattern at 60 RPM. The ACU evaluates the received
signal throughout each rotation to determine where the strongest signal level is (Up, Right, Down or Left) and issues
the appropriate Azimuth and/or Elevation steps to the antenna, as needed.
You cannot control tracking from the pedestal itself. Refer to the ACU manual for tracking operation information.
2.6. Antenna Polarization Operation
Your Scalar Plate assembly is equipped with a polarization motor and potentiometer feedback that are controlled from
the Antenna Control Unit. This allows you to have a Linear, or a Circular, feed assembly installed on your antenna.
When you have a Circular feed installed, polarization adjustment. is NOT required. You should set the POL TYPE
parameter in your ACU to 0000.
When you have a Linear feed installed, polarization may be operated manually from the ACU but Auto-Polarization
mode is the default polarization mode of operation from the ACU and is strongly recommended (set POL TYPE
parameter in your ACU to 0072). Refer to the Antenna Control Unit manual for more operation information.
2.7. Low Noise Block Converter Operation
There are no operating instructions or controls applicable to the LNB. This unit is energized by the ACU (or by the
pedestal modem on some systems).
2.8. RF Equipment
The RF Equipment is not operated or controlled by the antenna pedestal or Antenna Control Unit. Refer to the vendor
supplied manuals for the RF Equipment provided with your system.
2.9. Radome Assembly Operation
When operating the system it is necessary that the radome access hatch (and/or side door) be closed and secured in
place at all times. This prevents rain, salt water and wind from entering the radome. Water and excessive
condensation promote rust & corrosion of the antenna pedestal. Wind gusts will disturb the antenna pointing.
There are no other operating instructions applicable to the radome assembly by itself.
9797B-70 C-Band TXRX Basic System Information
3-1
3. Basic System Information
This section provides you with some additional information about the satellites you will be using, basics of your Series 97B
antenna system and some of the other equipment within your system configuration.
3.1. Satellite Basics
The satellites are in orbit at an altitude of 22,754 miles and are positioned directly above the equator. Their orbital
velocity matches the Earth’s rotational speed, therefore, each appears to remain at a fixed position in the sky (as
viewed from your location).
Your antenna can be used with any of the satellites in this orbit that have a strong enough receive signal level. Your
antenna is capable of being fitted with a Linear or Circular feed assembly. The feed may be designed to operate at C-
Band frequencies, Ku-Band frequencies or be capable of operation in both bands. With the correct feed assembly you
will be able to receive the linear or circular signal at the specific frequency range of the desired satellite.
3.1.1. C-Band Receive Frequency (3.625-4.2GHz)
At these frequencies the signal from the satellite travels only in a straight line and is affected by weather
changes in the atmosphere. There are several conditions that can cause a temporary loss of satellite signal,
even within an area where the signal level is known to be adequate. The most common of these normal
temporary losses are blockage and rain fade. They will interrupt services only as long as the cause of the
loss persists.
3.1.2. Blockage
Blockage is loss due to an object in the path of the signal from the satellite to the dish. If an object that is
large and dense is positioned in the path of the signal from the satellite, it will prevent sufficient signal from
arriving at the dish. The signal can not bend around, or penetrate through, these objects and the reception
will be degraded or completely interrupted. The dish is actively driven to remain pointed at the satellite
(toward the equator) so, as the ship turns a mast or raised structure of your ship may become positioned
between the satellite and the dish. Blockage may also be caused a anything standing near the radome, tall
mountains, buildings, bridges, cranes or other larger ships near your ship. Moving or rotating the ship to
position the antenna where it has an unobstructed view to the desired satellite will restore the antennas’
ability to receive the satellite signal.
3.1.3. Rain Fade
Atmospheric conditions that may cause sufficient loss of signal level include rain, snow, heavy fog and some
solar activities (sun spot and flare activity). The most common of these is referred to as “rain fade”. Rain
drops in the atmosphere reduce the signal from the satellite. The heavier the rain the higher the amount of
signal loss. When the amount of loss is high enough, the antenna will not be able to stay locked onto the
satellite signal. When the amount of rain has decreased sufficiently, the antenna will re-acquire the satellite
signal. In a strong signal area, rain fall of about four inches per hour will cause complete loss of signal. In
weaker signal areas the effects would be more pronounced.
3.1.4. Signal level
The level of the receive signal is dependant upon how powerful the transmission is, how wide the signal beam
is, and what the coverage area is. Focusing the signal into a narrower beam concentrates its energy over a
smaller geographic area, thereby increasing the signal level throughout that area of coverage. This makes it
possible for you to use a smaller antenna size to receive that satellite signal. The antenna system must be
geographically located in an area where the signal level from the satellite meets (or exceeds) the minimum
satellite signal level required for your size of antenna (refer to the Specifications section of this manual) to
provide suitable reception. This limits the number of satellites that can be used and the geographic areas
where the ship can travel where the signal level is expected to be strong enough to continue providing
uninterrupted reception. When traveling outside this minimum signal coverage area, it is normal for the
system to experience an interruption in its ability to provide the desired satellite services until entering (or re-
entering) an area of adequate signal level.
Basic System Information 9797B-70 C-Band TXRX
3-2
Fi
g
ure 3-1 Satellite Si
g
nal Polarization
3.1.5. Satellite Footprints
The focused beam(s) from the satellites are normally aimed at the major land masses where there are large
population centers. Footprint charts graphically display the signal level expected to be received in different
geographic locations within the area of coverage. The signal will always be strongest in the center of the
coverage area and weaker out toward the outer edges of the pattern. The coverage areas are intended to be
a guide to reception, however, the actual coverage area and signal level and vary. Also the signal strength is
affected by weather.
3.1.6. Linear Satellite polarization
Satellites may transmit their signals in
one of two different polarization
modes. The feed installed on your
antenna must be designed to operate
with linear polarized satellite
transmissions.
Circular polarized satellite
transmissions do not require
polarization adjustment to optimize
the reception.
Linear polarized satellite transmissions
require periodic adjustment of
“polarization” to optimize the
alignment of the LNB to the angle of the signal from the satellite.
When you are at the same longitude as the satellite, its’ horizontal and vertical signals will be aligned to your
local horizon. When you are east or west of the satellite, the signals will appear to be rotated clockwise or
counter-clockwise from your local horizontal and vertical. Both horizontal and vertical signals from a satellite
will appear to be rotated the same amount and are always perpendicular to each other. The amount of
rotation is dependent on how far east or west you are form the satellite and how close you are to the
Equator.
3.2. Antenna Basics
The following information is provided to explain some of the basic functions of the antenna:
3.2.1. Unlimited Azimuth
Azimuth rotation of the antenna is unlimited (no mechanical stops). Azimuth drive, provided by the azimuth
motor, is required during stabilization, searching and tracking operations of the antenna. When the ship turns,
azimuth is driven in the opposite direction to remain pointed at the satellite. The actual azimuth pointing
angle to the satellite is determined by your latitude & longitude and the longitude of the satellite. It is
important to know that the antenna should be pointed (generally) toward the equator.
The azimuth angle to the satellite would be 180 degrees true (relative to true north) if the satellite is on the
same longitude that you are on. If the satellite is east, or west, of your longitude the azimuth will be less than,
or greater than 180 degrees respectively.
When checking for blockage you can visually look over the antenna radome toward the equator to see if any
objects are in that sighted area. If you are not able to find any satellites it may also be useful to remove the
radome hatch to visually see if the dish is aimed the correct direction (towards the equator).
3.2.2. Elevation
In normal operation the elevation of the antenna will be between 00.0 (horizon) and 90.0 (zenith). The
antenna can physically be rotated in elevation below horizon and beyond zenith to allow for ship motion.
Elevation drive, provided by the elevation motor, is required during stabilization, searching and tracking
operations of the antenna. The actual elevation pointing angle to the satellite is determined by your latitude
& longitude and the longitude of the satellite. In general terms the elevation angle will be low when you are
at a high latitudes and will increase as you get closer to the equator.
Additionally, from any given latitude, the elevation will be highest when the satellite is at the same longitude
that you are on. If the satellite is east, or west, of your longitude the elevation angle will be lower.
9797B-70 C-Band TXRX Basic System Information
3-3
3.2.3. Antenna polarization
If you have a circular polarization feed installed, you do not need to adjust the “polarization” of the antenna.
If you have a linear polarization feed installed, the system should have been adjusted properly and set-up to
operate in Auto-Polarization mode. The ACU will then automatically adjust the polarization of the feed as the
ship changes geographic locations.
3.2.4. Stabilization
Your antenna is stabilized in all three axes of motion. Stabilization is the process of de-coupling the ships’
motion from the antenna. Simply put, this allows the antenna to remain pointed at a point in space while the
boat turns, rolls or pitches under it. To accomplish this, the Pedestal Control Unit (PCU) on the antenna
pedestal assembly senses the motion and applies drive to the appropriate motor(s) in opposition to the
sensed motion. Azimuth (AZ), Elevation (EL) and Cross-Level (left-right tilt) are actively stabilized
automatically by the PCU as part of its normal operation.
3.2.5. Search Pattern
Whenever the desired satellite signal is lost (such as when the antenna is blocked) the Antenna Control Unit
will automatically initiated a Search to re-acquire the desired signal.
Search is conducted in a two-axis pattern consisting of alternate movements in azimuth and elevation. The
size and direction of the movements are increased and reversed every other time resulting in an expanding
square pattern.
When the antenna is able to re-acquire the desired signal the ACU will automatically stop searching and begin
Tracking the signal to optimize the pointing of the antenna to get the highest signal level from the satellite.
3.2.6. Tracking Receiver – Single Channel Per Carrier Receiver
The SCPC Narrow Band Receiver located in the Antenna Control Unit (ACU) is used to acquire, identify and
track a narrow band carrier, or beacon signal, or the desired satellite. When properly setup, the settings for
the satellite are saved to expedite future acquisition of the desired satellite. The system must have adequate
satellite signal level to stop searching (and begin tracking the acquired satellite).
3.2.7. Tracking
Your Antenna Control Unit actively optimizes the pointing of the dish for maximum signal reception. This
process is called tracking and is accomplished by continuously making small movements of the dish while
monitoring the level of the received signal. Evaluation of this information is used to continuously move the
stabilization point toward peak satellite signal reception. These minor pointing corrections keep the signal
level “peaked” as part of normal operation.
Basic System Information 9797B-70 C-Band TXRX
3-4
3.3. Components of the System Configuration
Figure 3-2 9797B TXRX Simplified Block Diagram
The following text provides a basic functional overview of the system components and component interconnection as
referred to in the simplified block diagram for your 9797Btenna. Also, refer to the appropriate page of the System
Block Diagram which depicts your system configuration.
9797B-70 C-Band TXRX Basic System Information
3-5
3.3.1. Antenna ADE Assembly
The Above Decks Equipment consists of an
Antenna Pedestal inside a Radome assembly.
The pedestal consists of a satellite antenna
dish & feed with a linear, or a circular Low
Noise Block converter (LNB) with polarization
motor mounted on a stabilized antenna
pedestal. The radome provides an
environmental enclosure for the antenna
pedestal assembly inside it. This keeps wind,
water condensation and salt-water spray off
the antenna pedestal assembly. This prevents
damage and corrosion that would shorten the
expected life span of the equipment.
Two coaxial cables are connected from the
antenna radome assembly to the below decks
equipment. One of these cables includes the
Antenna Control signaling and IF, the other
cable carries the other IF signal.
These cables ultimately provide the
input/output signals into/out of the satellite
modem.
3.3.2. Antenna Control Unit
The Antenna Control Unit allows the operator to control and monitor the antenna pedestal with dedicated
function buttons, LED’s and a 2 line display. The ACU and its Terminal Mounting Strip are normally mounted
in a standard 19” equipment rack. The ACU should be mounted in the front of the equipment rack where it is
easily accessible. The Terminal Mounting Strip is normally mounted on the rear of the equipment rack. It is
recommended that the antenna control unit be mounted near the Satellite modem location where you can
see the LED indicators while you are controlling the antenna.
The Antenna Control Unit is connected to the antenna, ships Gyro Compass and Satellite modem.
Figure 3-4 Antenna Control Unit
The Antenna Control Unit (ACU) communicates via an RS-422 full duplex data link with the Pedestal Control
Unit (PCU) located on the antenna. This control signal to/from the antenna is on the Coax cable along with
the L-Band Receive IF from the LNB. The Pedestal Control Unit stabilizes the antenna against the ship's roll,
pitch, and turning motions. The ACU is the operator interface to the PCU and provides the user with a choice
of positioning commands to point the antenna, search commands to find the satellite signal and tracking
functions to maintain optimum pointing. The operator may choose to work from either the front panel, using
the M&C Port in conjunction with DacRemP remote diagnostic software, or the built in Ethernet port and a
internal HTML page using a standard internet browser .
3.3.3. Above Decks AC Power Supply
Pedestal Power - An appropriate source of AC Voltage (110 VAC 60 Hz OR 220 VAC 50 Hz) is required for
the above decks equipment. Total power consumption will depend on the number of equipments connected
to this power source.
RF Equipment (TX/RX Systems ONLY) - The AC voltage source should be well regulated and surge protected.
Uninterrupted Power Supplies are frequently installed (below decks) to provide power for the antenna
pedestal, especially if RF Equipment is installed on the pedestal. Refer to the Specifications section of this
manual for the power consumption of the antenna pedestal and RF Equipment.
Figure 3-3 Series 97 TXRX Above Decks Equipment
Basic System Information 9797B-70 C-Band TXRX
3-6
Marine Air Conditioner Unit (TX/RX Systems ONLY) - If a marine air conditioner is included with your system,
the AC voltage source should be from a separate AC Power breaker source than the antenna pedestal. AC
power for the air conditioner should be well regulated and surge protected, but does NOT need to from an
Uninterrupted Power Supply. Refer to the marine air conditioner manual for its’ power requirements and
consumption specifications.
3.4. Positive Satellite ID
The ACU has the means of positively identifying a satellite either internally (DVB compliant transponders) or Externally
(Modem lock indication via Ethernet, OpenAMIP, or via an analog DC input into the TMS.
For internal satellite ID, all of the DVB receiver parameter settings must be set to match that of the inbound
transponder.
For external satellite ID, the NID value must be set to 0000 and the system type parameter must include the 2 value
at minimum.
For OpenAMIP compatible satellite modems, an Ethernet cable connection to the ACU’s Ethernet port is
required. NOTE: The modems option file must be built to enable the appropriate Rx lock indication.
For non-OpenAMIP compatible satellite modems, 2 wires coming from the Satellite modems must be
connected to the AGC and Ground input pins of the TMS.
3.5. Open Antenna-Modem Interface Protocol (OpenAMIP™) Specification:
3.5.1. Overview:
OpenAMIP, an ASCII message based protocol invented and Trademarked by iDirect is a specification for the
interchange of information between an antenna controller and a satellite modem. This protocol allows the
satellite modem to command the ACU (via TCP port 2002) to seek a particular satellite as well as allowing
exchange of information necessary to permit the modem to initiate and maintain communication via the
antenna and the satellite. In general, OpenAMIP is not intended for any purpose except to permit a modem
and the ACU to perform synchronized automatic beam switching. It is NOT a status logging system or a
diagnostic system. In addition, OpenAMIP is intend for a typical installation whereby a specific satellite
modem and Antenna system are properly configured to work together. The protocol does not make specific
provisions for auto-discovery or parameter negotiation. It is still the responsibility of the installer to assure
the parameters of both the satellite modem (proper option files) and the ACU/PCU (setup parameters) are
actually compatible for the intended satellite(s).
3.5.2. Interface requirements:
3.5.2.1. Hardware
Sea Tel Antenna Control Units Model DAC2202 or DAC2302.
Any Satellite modem manufacturer that is compatible with OpenAMIP
CAT5 Patch cable
3.5.2.2. Software
Sea Tel model DAC2202:
ACU software version 6.06 or greater
CommIF module software version 1.11 or greater
Sea Tel model DAC2302:
ACU software version 7.06b or greater
CommIF module software version 1.11 or greater
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