Sentinel 989 User manual

MAN-037 – October 2017

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DANGER - IMPORTANT WARNINGS ................................................................................5
SHIELDING ........................................................................................................................................5
NOTICE...............................................................................................................................................6
SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................7
A. General description and application.........................................................................................7
B. System Safety...........................................................................................................................8
C. Model 989 System Components..............................................................................................9
1) Model 989 Radiographic Exposure Device.........................................................................9
2) Model 989 Exposure device pneumatic actuator...............................................................10
3) Radioactive Source Assembly ...........................................................................................11
4) Model 989 – Optional Fixture Kit .....................................................................................12
5) Type A Transport Packages...............................................................................................14
D. Model 989 exposure device specifications ............................................................................14
SECTION II- OPERATIONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS............................................................16
SECTION III – OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES..............................................................................17
A. Principles of Operation - Pneumatic actuator and air pump control......................................17
B. Principles of Operation - (crank-out) remote control ............................................................18
C. Principles of Operation - Optional fixture kit........................................................................19
D. Confirmatory Survey .............................................................................................................19
E. Locking the Exposure Device................................................................................................19
F. Safety Precautions..................................................................................................................20
SECTION IV- DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................21
A. Daily Inspection of the System..............................................................................................21
B. Daily Inspection of the Model 989 Exposure Device............................................................21
C. Daily Inspection of the crank-out remote controls ................................................................22
D. Daily Inspection of the pneumatic actuator and the air pump control...................................24
E. Fixture Kit Component Inspection.........................................................................................26
SECTION V- OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................28
A. System Assembly Using the Pneumatic Actuator .................................................................28
B. Operating instructions for the Pneumatic Actuated system...................................................29
C. Disassembly of the Pneumatic Actuated system after use.....................................................30
D. System set-up using crank-out remote controls.....................................................................31
E. Operating instructions using crank-out remote controls........................................................32
F. Disassembly of the system after use - crank-out remote controls .........................................33
G. Emergency Response Procedure............................................................................................34
1) Actions to be Performed ....................................................................................................34
2) Fires, spills and explosions:...............................................................................................34
SECTION VI - TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE.................................................................35
A. Type A Transport Package.....................................................................................................35
B. Receiving Radioactive Material.............................................................................................37
C. General Shipment Requirements ...........................................................................................37
D. Shipment of a Radioactive Source in the Model 989 ............................................................38
E. Shipment of an empty Model 989 exposure device...............................................................41
F. Carriage of Radioactive Material...........................................................................................42
Sample Radioactive material transport checklist.......................................................................45
G. Hand Carrying and Handling of the Exposure Device ..........................................................46

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H. Storage ...................................................................................................................................46
SECTION VII - SOURCE CHANGING...........................................................................................47
SECTION VIII- QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ..............48
A. Quarterly Maintenance Checks of the 989 device.................................................................49
B. Quarterly Maintenance Requirements – Remote Controls (Crank Out Assemblies)............50
C. Quarterly Inspection of the pneumatic actuator and the air pump control ............................50
D. Model 989 Exposure Device Annual Maintenance Requirements........................................51
E. Annual Maintenance for Standard Remote Controls (e.g. Models 692, 693, 664)................52
F. Annual Maintenance – Extreme Condition Remote Controls ...............................................56
G. Annual Maintenance Records................................................................................................60
H. Model 989 Series Safety Class A Components .....................................................................60
1) Safety Class A Designation Items......................................................................................60
2) Considerations of Safety Class A Items.............................................................................60
SECTION IX - LEAK TESTING......................................................................................................66
SECTION X - INSTRUCTIONS FOR DISPOSITION....................................................................67
SECTION XI – WARRANTY AND LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY...........................................68
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS...........................................................................................................69

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List of Figures
FIGURE 1–CROSS-SECTION VIEW OF 989 (SOURCE IN STORED POSITION)......................................................................7
FIGURE 2-MODEL 989 WITH OPTIONAL FIXTURE KIT COMPONENTS ................................................................................8
FIGURE 3-KEY ELEMENTS OF THE MODEL 989 EXPOSURE DEVICE.................................................................9
FIGURE 4–989 EXPOSURE DEVICE WITH REMOVABLE LOCKING COVER..........................................................................10
FIGURE 5-EXPOSURE DEVICE WITH PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR ATTACHED AND ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY...............................11
FIGURE 6–EXPLODED VIEW OF MODEL 98940 SOURCE ASSEMBLY.................................................................................11
FIGURE 7- EXPLODED VIEW OF MODEL 98941 SOURCE ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................11
FIGURE 8–TYPICAL PIPE RADIOGRAPHIC SET-UP ...........................................................................................................13
FIGURE 9–FIXTURE KIT USED TO SECURE THE MODEL 989 EXPOSURE DEVICE PARALLEL TO A PIPE ...............................13
FIGURE 10-FIXTURE KIT USED TO SECURE THE MODEL 989 EXPOSURE DEVICE IN A NONPARALLEL POSITION.................13
FIGURE 11 -MODEL ELE072 ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY WITH MODEL 86550 PUMP BOX AND AIR HOSE.............................17
FIGURE 12 -PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION USING PART NUMBER ELE-027 PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR...........18
FIGURE 13 –NOGO GAUGE INSPECTION CHECKS.............................................................................................................24
FIGURE 14 –ELE072 PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR .................................................................................................................25
FIGURE 15 –ELE027 ACTUATOR WITH MANUAL PUSH ROD ATTACHED ........................................................................25
FIGURE 16 –ELE027 WITH PUSH ROD INSERTED TO EXPOSE MALE CONNECTOR ...........................................................25
FIGURE 17 –ELE027 ACTUATOR WITH ROD EXPOSED ....................................................................................................26
FIGURE 18 –MODEL 86550 PUMP BOX CONNECTED TO ELE027 ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY................................................26
FIGURE 19 –MAIN FIXTURE KIT COMPONENTS ...............................................................................................................27
FIGURES 20 A THROUGH C –MODEL 989 WITH PLUNGER LOCK ENGAGED,UNLOCKING PLUNGER LOCK AND WITH PROTECTIVE
COVER REMOVED ....................................................................................................................................................28
FIGURE 21 –CONNECTION OF ELE027 ACTUATOR TO SOURCE CONNECTOR IN MODEL 989...........................................28
FIGURE 22 –989 WITH LOCKSLIDE IN OPEN POSITION AND RETRACTION ROD ATTACHED TO ACTUATOR......................30
FIGURE 23 –989 WITH LOCKSLIDE IN THE SECURED POSITION AND RETRACTION ROD ATTACHED TO ACTUATOR..........30
FIGURE 24 –989 WITH CONTROL ASSEMBLY CONNECTED AND LOCKSLIDE IN SECURED POSITION.................................31
FIGURE 25 –989 WITH LOCKSLIDE IN SECURE/LOCKED POSITION AND CONTROLS ATTACHED.......................................32
FIGURE 26 –989 WITH LOCKSLIDE IN THE UNLOCKED/OPEN POSITION AND CONTROLS ATTACHED...............................32
FIGURE 27 –989 WITH PROTECTIVE COVER REMOVED....................................................................................................33
FIGURE 28 –989 WITH PROTECTIVE COVER INSTALLED AND PLUNGER LOCK ENGAGED ................................................33
FIGURE 29 –98229 TYPE APACKAGE SHOWN WITH AND WITHOUT SHIPMENT OF FIXTURES............................................36
FIGURE 30 –ELE027 ACTUATOR AND TOL012 MANUAL PUSH ROD..............................................................................50
FIGURE 31 –AIR PUMP CONTROL ....................................................................................................................................51
FIGURE 32 –ASSEMBLY MODEL 692, 693........................................................................................................................63
FIGURE 33 –ASSEMBLY EXTREME CONTROLS.................................................................................................................64
FIGURE 34 –ASSEMBLY MODEL 664................................................................................................................................65

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DANGER - IMPORTANT WARNINGS
The system must be operated only by trained and qualified radiographers who have read and understand this Operating
Manual or by trained assistants working under their direct supervision.
WARNING
The use of this radiographic exposure device by unqualified personnel or when safety procedures are not fully met
could result in life-threatening dangers.
Gamma radiography systems emit high levels of highly penetrating radiation during use.
An unshielded radiation source at close range can cause injury, sickness or death to anyone who is exposed to it even for a
short period of time. A radiation source (or an unshielded source assembly) must NOT be touched by the hands under any
circumstances.
Since gamma radiation cannot be detected by the human senses, strict operating and emergency procedures must be followed.
The proper use of calibrated and operable survey meters must be employed to avoid potentially dangerous levels of radiation
exposure.
Proper dosimetry including film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters, direct reading pocket dosimeters and audible alarm
rate meters must be worn during all radiographic operations.
During use of this radiography system, never assume the position of the radiation source. Always conduct a thorough
confirmatory survey using a calibrated and operable survey meter to verify the location of the radiation source. Be reminded
that a multitude of overexposure incidents which include injuries are directly attributed to a failure of the radiographer to
perform or supervise an adequate confirmatory survey.
It is imperative that the users of this transport container perform adequate radiation surveys of the transport container and
exposure devices. Surveys must be performed using a calibrated survey instrument before, during and after source exchanges
and before transport to determine if the source assembly is properly shielded within the transport container. The failure to
perform an adequate radiation survey can cause unnecessary exposure to personnel resulting in a reportable incident.
It is very important and required by national and international regulations to prevent access by unauthorized persons to
radiographic equipment and to the area where radiography is performed.
Take advantage of the three basic radiation protection methods to minimize radiation exposure:
TIME
Spend less time near the radiation source.
DISTANCE
Increase your distance in a direction away from the radiation source.
SHIELDING
When possible, always apply the use of effective shielding between you and the radiation source.
Do not perform any unauthorized modifications to the Model 989 exposure device or components of the radiography system.
It is important that trained and qualified radiographers perform or supervise a daily safety inspection of the radiography
system for obvious defects prior to operation of the system.
Do not use any components that are not approved for use with the radiography system or after-market components that may
compromise the safety features designed into the system.
MODEL 989

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
NOTICE
The Model 989 radiographic exposure device is an ANSI N432 Type 2 and a ISO 3999 Category X
exposure device that allows radiographic exposures by moving the sealed source from a shielded
position to a beam port within the exposure device by using remote actuated controls. The Model 989
exposure device is also part of a Type A shipping package for QSA Global, Inc. sealed sources. The
purpose of this manual is to provide information that will assist qualified radiographers to ensure all
safety and regulatory requirements are met when using the Model 989 gamma radiography system. The
user should become thoroughly familiar with this instruction manual before attempting operation of
the equipment.
Users of this equipment must comply with the regulatory requirements, licensing and transportation
regulations as they apply in their respective countries. This device is intended for use ONLY with a
QSA Global manufactured/approved actuator system or remote controls which meet operational and
safety requirement as outlined in this manual and as approved under a specific license.
In order to use this equipment, users within the USA and Canada must be specifically licensed to do so.
Applications for a license must be filed with the Materials Licensing Section of the appropriate U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory regional office, Agreement State or the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. It is
the responsibility of users to comply with all local, national and international regulatory licensing and
transportation rules as they apply in their respective countries.
For additional information or assistance regarding use of the Model 989 gamma radiography exposure
device, contact QSA Global, Inc. and/or one of our authorized distributor service centers by contacting:
QSA Global, Inc.
40 North Avenue
Burlington, MA 01803
[phone]
Or
QSA Global, Inc. QSA Global, Inc. Loma – QSA Division
6765 Langley Drive 3200 Awesome Lane U Lomy 1069
Baton Rouge, LA 70809 LaPorte, TX 77571 Dobrany, Czech Republic
[phone] [phone] [phone]

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SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATION
A. General description and application
The QSA Global, Inc. Model 989 gamma radiography exposure device is used to perform directional beam gamma
radiography of welds and the adjacent heat affected areas on pipelines and industrial structures. The Model 989 is
designed to contain a Selenium-75 special form sealed source with a maximum activity of 20.0 Curies (740 GBq)
and is used on pipelines and other industrial structures as a beam type exposure device. The use of other
radioisotopes in the Model 989 exposure device is not authorized.
During radiographic operations, the source assembly is exposed either by a pneumatic actuator or crank-out remote
controls which push the source assembly from a shielded position into a beam port within the Model 989 (see figure
1). The standard directional beam devices are manufactured with a lead shielded beam port that is collimated to a 30
by 60, or a 40 by 40 degree emergent beam. To terminate a radiographic exposure, the source assembly is retracted
to the fully shielded position by exhausting the pneumatic actuator or by retraction using the mechanical remote
controls.
Figure 1 – Cross-Section View of 989 (Source in Stored Position)
The Model 989 is specifically designed for SCAR and requires radiographers to consider the primary beam area
created at the film plane to determine shielding requirements for the technique. The primary beam is shielded after
passing through the specimen and film cassette to effectively reduce the working distances to the controlled areas.
Proper SCAR technique allows radiography to be conducted in areas congested with personnel and significantly
reduces the distances to the “Controlled” or “Restricted” areas when compared to conventional crank-out
radiography systems. The Model 989 is designed to be used with two options to enable exposure of the radioactive
source; specifically a SentinelTM authorized pneumatic actuator with a remote air pump control or a SentinelTM
manufactured crank-out remote control. There is no elevation in dose rates (commonly referred to as “flash dose”)
when the source is exposed from the shielded position to the beam port position, as expected in ANSI N432 Type I
crank-out type radiography systems.
The basic radiography system consists of the Model 989 exposure device, a pneumatic actuator and remote pump
control and/or the optional crank-out remote controls and shielding materials to shield the primary beam after
passing through the specimen and film cassette. An optional fixture kit is available for use with the Model 989 that
includes a handle assembly and fixture attachment plate that facilitates its handling and attachment to pipes for
performance of radiographic exposures (see Figure 2).

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Figure 2 - Model 989 with optional fixture kit components
Operating the system using crank-out remote controls permits exposure of the sealed source and automatic securing
by cranking approximately 1/3 of a full revolution of the remote control hand crank.
When using the pneumatic actuator and pump control equipped with 15 to 50 foot (4.5 to 15.1 meters) air hoses, the
lock-slide of the exposure device’s automatic locking mechanism is pushed into the expose position and left in that
position until the actuator is removed at the end of the site work. To enable a radiographic exposure, the pneumatic
actuator must overpower a fail-safe return spring that acts to return the sealed source assembly into the fully
shielded position when expose pressure from the pneumatic actuator is stopped. To terminate a radiographic
exposure using the pneumatic actuator, the air supply is turned off and the pneumatic lines and actuator are
exhausted. The return spring forces the sealed source assembly back into the fully shielded position regardless of
the exposure device orientation. Conversely, if the air supply is interrupted during a radiographic exposure, the
sealed source assembly is automatically forced back into a shielded position.
B. System Safety
The Model 989 exposure device contained within an approved transport case that is designed and tested to comply
with the requirements for Type A packaging in accordance with International Atomic Energy Agency Safety
Standard Series No.TS-R-1 (2009 Edition) & SSR-6 (2012) and the applicable USA Regulations contained in the
USNRC 10 CFR 71 and USDOT 49 CFR 173. The Model 989 was designed using the applicable specifications of
ANSI N432-1980 Type I, and ISO 3999:2004(E) Category X radiography device.
The exposure device’s design includes an automatic locking mechanism when used with SentinelTM crank-out
remote controls. The lock slide that secures the sealed source also provides a visual indication of the lock slide’s
secured (green) and unsecured (red) positions.

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Figure 3 - KEY ELEMENTS OF THE MODEL 989 EXPOSURE DEVICE
The Model 989 complies with ISO 3999:2004(E) requirements, except for the following:
•5.4.2: There is no secured position indicator when using pneumatic actuators. Direct radiation
surveys of the device are required to confirm the source is fully shielded.
•5.5.1: There is no device handle provided with the Model 989, however an optional handle assembly can
be obtained from QSA Global, Inc. When used without this optional handle assembly, the Model
989 does not fully comply with ISO 3999.
•5.8.6: Pneumatic actuation mode; damage to the air hose will cause loss of air pressure causing
the source assembly to be returned to the shielded position.
•8: The source identification tag including activity in Ci’s and Becquerels. (Curies are
provided). The Model 989 exposure device label provides the maximum capacity for
Se-75 in Curies and Becquerels.
Partial compliance with the requirements in ISO 3999:2004(E) is allowed for this device since it is classified as
Category X.
C. Model 989 System Components
1) Model 989 Radiographic Exposure Device
The Exposure device with it’s key-lockable protective cover (see Figure 2) and reusable shipping case serves as
the storage and transport package for the radioactive source. The exposure device consists of a stainless steel
housing which contains a tungsten shield. When the source is in the proper shielded storage position in the
exposure device, the shielding properties of the tungsten reduce radiation intensities on the surface of the Model
989 to measurable radiation levels within the regulatory limits. The key-lockable Model 989 exposure device
placed within the lockable shipping case constitutes the Type A transport package.

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Figure 4 – 989 Exposure Device with removable locking cover
The radioactive source assembly attaches to the pneumatic actuator, or remote control safety plug assembly, at
the rear of device. Once the selector ring on the exposure device is rotated from the “connect” to the “operate”
position, the automatic lock mechanism’s lock-slide must be pushed laterally into the lock mechanism to enable
exposure of the source assembly. The radiographic exposure occurs when the pneumatic actuator or remote
controls expose the source assembly forward within the Model 989 (approximately 3.0 inches, 7.6 mm) from
the shielded position into the beam port position within the Model 989 exposure device.
In the exposed position, the emergent beam will be restricted to the assigned angles as manufactured. The
Model 989 is designed to be used with tungsten or lead collimator configurations. In Canada, collimation is
limited to lead collimation with emergent beams of 30 X 60 degrees or 40 X 40 degrees. The lead or tungsten
collimation must be installed by SentinelTM -QSA Global, Inc. or one of its authorized distributor service
centers. A cross-sectional view of a Model 989 with a 40 X 40 degree collimated beam port is shown as a
reference in Figure 3.
2) Model 989 Exposure device pneumatic actuator
All users of this exposure device are responsible to ensure using only a SentinelTM authorized pneumatic
actuator (part number ELE 027) and SentinelTM authorized air pump controls when performing radiographic
operations. This requirement is critical to maintain the designed safety during use the exposure device. DO
NOT perform modifications to the exposure device, the pneumatic actuator or the air pump control.
Modifications are not permitted by regulatory requirements in addition the increased probability of causing a
radiological emergency.
Figure 5 shows the SentinelTM authorized pneumatic actuator, which can be used with the Model 989 exposure
device.

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Figure 5 -Exposure device with pneumatic actuator attached and actuator assembly
3) Radioactive Source Assembly
The Model 989 exposure device is used only in conjunction with QSA Global, Inc. Model 97941, Model 98940
or 98941 source assemblies. These source assemblies contain a QSA Global, Inc. X540/1 source capsule. The
Se-75 sealed source capsule and the source assemblies are specifically designed for use in the Model 989
exposure device and may only be reloaded by QSA Global, Inc., or one of the authorized service centers. Use of
an unapproved source assembly may cause elevated dose rates on the exposure device.
The Model 97941, Model 98940 and Model 98941 source assemblies are designed to be re-usable. After the
source assembly is re-loaded with a new sealed source within a shielded enclosure, the source assemblies are
joined and held together by the use of non-reusable, roll-pins through the union of the joined source assembly.
(See Figures 6 and 7).
Figure 6 – Exploded view of Model 98940 source
assembly
Figure 7- Exploded view of Model 98941 source
assembly

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Each source capsule is seal welded and meets the requirements of Special Form radioactive material in
accordance with IAEA Safety Series SSR-6 (2012 Edition) under USA special form certificate USA/0502/S-96.
Additionally, the sealed sources have been designed and tested to comply with the requirements of International
Standard ISO 2919:2012(E) and American National Standard N43.6-2007 and have achieved an ANSI/ISO
classification of C64344. The source assembly meets the design and testing requirements of ISO 3999:2004(E)
and ANSI N432-1980 when used within the Model 989 exposure device with the SentinelTM authorized
pneumatic actuator (or SentinelTM remote crank out control assemblies).
The Model 989 must only be used with a QSA Global, Inc Model 97941, Model 98940 or Model 98941 source
assembly containing a Model X540/1 special form sealed source with a maximum of 20.0 Curies (740 GBq) of
Selenium-75. Selenium-75 sources of a lesser activity and a smaller focal are available.
The source assembly and the contained sealed source capsule in the Model 989 may only be changed by QSA
Global, Inc. or one of its authorized service centers. Source changing and replacement, or change in the
collimation for this device, requires the use of a shielded cell and specially designed tools. Therefore, all
devices must be returned to QSA Global, Inc. or one of its authorized service centers for source replacement
and/or for source disposition. While empty, annual servicing and changes to the collimation can be performed
on the Model 989 exposure device.
Model 989 Exposure Device Authorized Contents
Isotope
Source
Assembly
Model Number
Gamma
Energy Range
Approximate
Half Life
Device/Source
Steel Working
Thickness
Maximum
Capacity
Selenium-75
97941
66-401 keV
120 days
3-29 mm
20 Ci. 740 GBq
Selenium-75 98940 66-401 keV 120 days 3-29 mm 20 Ci. 740 GBq
Selenium-75
98941
66-401 keV
120 days
3-29 mm
20 Ci. 740 GBq
Source Output
Isotope At 1 m per 37 GBq (1 Ci) At 1 ft per 37 GBq (1 Ci)
Selenium-75 2.03 mSv/hr (0.203 R/hr) 22.0 mSv/hr (2.2 R/hr)
4) Model 989 – Optional Fixture Kit
When the optional fixture kit is not used with the Model 989, it can be secured to pipes to perform radiography
as shown in Figure 8.

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Figure 8 – Typical Pipe Radiographic Set-up
Photograph of the SCAR technique: An example of a Model 989 exposure device radiographic set-up for
single-wall shot on a pipe using standard remote controls and flexible Radishield™ (Pb) mat.
The Model 989 exposure device, when used with the supplied fixture kit, can be configured and arranged in various
orientations for achieve optimal exposures. See Figures 9 and 10 for example configurations. Appropriate shielding on and
around the device is recommended to reduce undesirable scatter radiation.
Figure 9 – Fixture kit used to secure the Model 989
exposure device parallel to a pipe
Figure 10- Fixture kit used to secure the Model 989
exposure device in a nonparallel position

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The fixture kit consists of a handle assembly, base assembly, a ratchet strap, rods and a clamp (see Figure 2).
Note that the handle assembly must be attached to the Model 989 exposure device to use the fixture kit, as the
base assembly mounts to the handle assembly.
5) Type A Transport Packages
Type A transport packages for the Model 989 are available from QSA Global, Inc. including the Model 98229
package. Type A packages meet the requirements of USDOT 49 CFR 173 and IAEA TS-R-1 (2009 edition) &
SSR-6 (2012) when transporting the Model 989 exposure device. The Model 98229 Type A package approval
also allows for transport of the QSA Global, Inc. optional fixture kit components inside the transport package
while still meeting the Type A requirements.
D. Model 989 exposure device specifications
Device manufacturer:
SentinelTM -QSA Global, Inc.
40 North Avenue
Burlington, Massachusetts 01803
Primary application:
Directional beam and panoramic beam industrial gamma radiography
Model number:
Model 989 radiographic exposure device
Length:
7.5 inches (19.5cms) without storage cover and shipping container
Diameter:
2.54 inches (6.5cm) without storage cover and shipping container
Mass:
16.0 pounds (7.3 kg) maximum
Shielding:
5.7 pounds (2.6 kg) of tungsten plus 3.8 to 5.4 pounds (1.7 to 2.5 kg) of lead or tungsten for the collimator
Construction:
Tungsten shielding is encased in a welded tubular stainless steel shell. The collimator shielding contains lead
or tungsten metal to shape the emergent primary beam when the source assembly is in the exposure position.
The shell is partially sealed to prevent the ingress of mud, sand, moisture and liquids during use. The
exposure device should not be submerged in liquids during use.
Maximum capacities of the Model 989 exposure device:
20.0 Curies (740 GBq) of Selenium-75 as special form
Source assembly Model numbers:
SentinelTM -QSA Global, Inc. Model 97941, 98940 or Model 98941
Sealed source capsule:
Designed for SentinelTM -QSA Global, Inc. Model X540/1 only
Sealed source and exposure device certifications:
Special form: USA/0502/S-96

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The exposure device contained in the transport package meets the requirements for a Type A transport
packages under IAEA TS-R-1(2009), USNRC 10CFR71, USDOT 49CFR173 and was designed to meet the
applicable specifications of ISO 3999:2004(E) for Category X exposure devices.
Inspection requirements:
A daily inspection of the device for obvious defects is required. Complete annual servicing and /or collimator
replacement can only be performed at SentinelTM -QSA Global, Inc. one of the authorized service centers,
typically during source reloading.
Operating temperature range:
-40°F to 300°F (-40°C to 149°C)
SentinelTM Model 989 actuators for radiographic exposures:
The Model 989 exposure device is compatible for use with SentinelTM manufactured crank-out remote
controls or air pressure actuators (Part number ELE 027). For designed radiological safety, the only crank-out
remote controls and air pressure actuators that can be used with the exposure device must be authorized by
SentinelTM - QSA Global, Inc.
When used with the ELE027, air pressure actuation for exposures is controlled using either the Model 86550
or JB193-000 air controller pump box units. When air actuated, the air hose length used between the pump box
and the Model 989 can vary from 15 to 50 ft. (4.6 to 15.2 m).

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SECTION II- OPERATIONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Instruments
The radiographer and radiography assistants must at all times wear a film badge or TLD and pocket dosimeter with a range of
0-2 mSv (0-200 mRem). Regulatory requirements in the USA also require that an audible alarm ratemeter be worn at
temporary jobsites. Specifically, those locations that are not permanent radiographic installations equipped with functional
door interlocks and audible/visual alarms.
Radiographers in the USA must also have a survey meter capable of measuring in the range from
20 µSv/hr (2 mR/hr) up to 10 mSv/hr (1,000 mR/hr). Canadian regulations require that survey meters used for industrial
radiography be capable of measuring from 2 µSv/hr (0.2 mR/hr) and up to 100 mSv/hr (10 R/hr). In any regulatory
jurisdiction, always verify survey meter requirements affecting the range and calibration requirements prior to engaging in
industrial radiography operations.
An audible ‘chirper’ pocket alarm may be required in some countries.
Restricted Area
Radiography must be performed only in a restricted area that is marked with the appropriate radiation warning signs, and
secured against unauthorized entrance.
Distance
Since the source emits high levels of radiation it is good practice to operate the system from as great a distance as possible.
Shielding
Whenever possible, situate the radiographic exposure area in a room with suitably thick walls, floor, ceiling and doors.
Surveillance
Only trained and qualified radiographers or assistants working under their direct supervision may operate radiography
systems. The radiographer must be physically present at the site, and able to control and limit access to the restricted area.
Locking
Keep the exposure device locked while assembling the system and when not being used to perform radiography. Locked is
defined as the exposure device's lock is fully engaged with the key removed. Store the key in a secured location.
Fixture Use
If the fixture kit is to be used, the fixture components must be inspected for damage prior to exposure. Secure the fixtures and
the Model 989 exposure device to the pipe tightly to prevent movement.

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SECTION III – OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES
A. Principles of Operation - Pneumatic actuator and air pump control
The source assembly, which contains the radioactive sealed source capsule, is positioned such that the sealed source
capsule is located in the shielded storage position in the exposure device. This sealed source assembly is attached to the
pneumatic actuator (part number ELE-027). A 15 to 50 foot (4.5 to 15 meters) air hose with quick connect fittings is
attached between the device pneumatic actuator and the air pump control. Before the radiographic exposure, the lock
slide on the exposure device is pushed into the expose position. Evacuate all personnel from the immediate area. After
pressurizing the air pump control to approximately 30 p.s.i., the control switch is rotated from the “off” to the “expose”
position, the actuator will push the source from its shielded storage position to exposed position inside of the beam port
of the Model 989 exposure device. The air pump control must be re-pressurized after turning the switch to the “exposed”
position to maintain a pressure of 25 p.s.i. during the radiographic exposure. The emergent beam will depend on actual
collimation of the exposure device beam port. During the performance of radiography, the radioactive sealed source
assembly never leaves the exposure device.
To terminate the radiographic exposure, the air pump control switch is turned to the “off” position which exhausts the
pressurized air from the air hose and pneumatic actuator. Depressing the “Zero Pressure” valve on the control completely
exhausts the pneumatic system. The steel return spring contained within the pneumatic actuator forces the source rod to
the fully shielded position. The lock slide on the lock mechanism is intended to remain in the expose (red) position until
all radiographic operations are completed. Before the pneumatic actuator is removed from the Model 989 exposure
device, a manual push rod (part number TOL012) is screwed into the top of the actuator source rod and pulled until the
lock slide actuates and secures the source assembly (green position) for transport. The pneumatic actuator can then be
safely removed and the lockable protective cap installed for transport or storage.
Figure 11 - Model ELE072 Actuator Assembly with Model 86550 Pump Box and air hose

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Stored Position
Exposed Position
Figure 12 - PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION USING PART NUMBER ELE-027 PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
B. Principles of Operation - (crank-out) remote control
The Model 989 exposure device can be used with QSA Global, Inc. crank-out remote controls. The principals of
operation are similar to the use of the Model 880 series exposure devices equipped with automatic locking mechanisms.
During the performance of radiography, the radioactive sealed source assembly never leaves the exposure device. The
source assembly is projected from the stored position to a beam port within the exposure device using the remote
controls. When the source is returned to the shielded position, it is secured by the automatic locking mechanism. Source
guide tubes are not required when using the Model 989 exposure device with crank-out remote controls.
The Posilok (automatic locking mechanism) on the exposure device provides three main safety features for the
radiographer during radiographic operations.
•First, the locking mechanism requires a deliberate action to enable exposure of the source assembly. This is
accomplished by coupling the control cable connector to the source assembly connector, coupling the remote
control connector to the exposure device locking mechanism and then pushing a lock slide from the SECURED
(GREEN MARKING) position into the EXPOSE (RED MARKING) position. The lock slide must be manually
pushed into the EXPOSE (RED MARKING) position prior to each radiographic exposure to enable operation of
the remote control.
•Second, during termination of a radiographic exposure, the remote controls are used to retract the source back
into the exposure device. When the source assembly is returned to the fully shielded position within the
exposure device, the locking mechanism automatically secures the source assembly, preventing the source from
being inadvertently exposed from the fully shielded position.
•For the third safety feature, the controls cannot be removed from the exposure device locking mechanism unless
the source assembly has been returned to the fully shielded and secured position within the exposure device.

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C. Principles of Operation - Optional fixture kit
The Model 989 exposure device can be used in conjunction with a fixture kit for securing the exposure device to a pipe
for radiographic exposures. The handle assembly may be mounted to the exposure device, which allows for easy
handling, and establishes a point of attachment for additional fixtures. These additional fixtures stabilize the device to a
pipe in multiple configurations depending on the desired position. To secure the Model 989 device parallel to a pipe, the
base assembly and ratchet strap must be employed. The base assembly mounts to the handle assembly providing a flat
surface for the Model 989 device to rest on the pipe. The ratchet strap further secures the base assembly and exposure
device to the pipe, preventing movement and potential accidents. A demonstration of this configuration is provided in
Figure 9.
It is possible to secure the Model 989 exposure device in a nonparallel position to the pipe. To achieve this
configuration the handle assembly needs to be mounted to the Model 989 (the base assembly is not used in this
configuration). The rod/clamp assembly is secured to the pipe and the Model 989 is attached to the rod perpendicular to
the pipe by the handle attachment. See Figure 10 for an example of this configuration.
WARNING!
Ensure the fixture components are not damaged. Inspect the ratchet strap to ensure it is intact with no frays
or cuts; the clamp secures tightly; the mounting screws thread smoothly; and there is no rust, dents, or
deformations of the handle and base assembly. If damaged, remove part(s) from use, and label as defective.
When attaching the Model 989 to a pipe, ensure the device is secure prior to exposure. Damaged components
and/or an unstable attachment can allow the device to fall during an exposure. This may cause damage to the
device and controls, and possibly prevent retraction of the source depending on the damage received and the
distance dropped.
D. Confirmatory Survey
After completion of an exposure and retraction of the source from the exposed to the stored position in the device,
approach the exposure device from the rear (lock assembly) side. While observing the survey meter – survey the
exposure device. The survey meter should indicate the same radiation level as observed before the exposure. Note
particularly the collimator end of the Mode 989 device readings.
Survey the entire length of exposure device including the collimator with the survey meter. If the meter shows a
sharp increase, the source assembly is exposed or incompletely shielded.
If the source is still exposed, attempt to store it properly by cranking the source a short distance towards the
exposure head and retracting it, repeating if necessary (or by disconnecting the hose between the pump unit and the
actuator assembly when operated pneumatically).
E. Locking the Exposure Device
When the source assembly is properly stored in the projector with the control assembly removed, insert the cover
assembly, rotate the selector ring from the CONNECT position to the LOCK position and secure it with the plunger
lock.
Remove and safeguard the key.
WARNING!
If after several attempts to return the source assembly, the selector ring cannot be rotated to the lock position (do
not use excessive force) or the lock slide is not actuated, one must suspect an accident in which the source assembly

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may be partially exposed within the Model 989 device giving rise to a very high radiation field. Treat the situation
as an EMERGENCY.
F. Safety Precautions
This system may be operated only by personnel properly authorized under a license issued by the responsible Regulatory
Authority. Operating personnel must be physically present and in direct surveillance of the controlled areas whenever the
exposure device is being used.
Considering the radiation source emits high levels of gamma radiation, it is good practice to operate the system from as
great a distance as practicable, and, if possible, from behind a radiation shield such as a heavy steel or concrete object or
around the corner from a shielding wall.
Radiography must only be performed in areas which are properly controlled and clearly posted as specified by the
applicable regulatory requirements. While assembling the system it is important to keep the exposure device locked at all
times except when operating. Locked is defined as the remote controls removed and the exposure device’s locking cover
attached with the plunger lock fully engaged and the key removed. Store the key in a secured location. When moving the
Model 989 fromone location to another at a temporary job-site, it is recommended that the pneumatic actuator be removed
and the source locked in the fully secured position using the PosilokTM slide prior to movement.