Shugart SA410 User manual

SA41 0/460
96TPI
Single/Double-sided
Minifloppy™ Diskette
Storage Drives
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©SHUGART 1981
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction 1
1.
1
General Description 1
1.2 Specification Summary 1
1.2.1 Performance Specifications 1
1.2.2 Functional Specifications 2
1.2.3 Physical Specifications 2
1.2.4 Reliability Specifications 2
2.0 Functional Characteristics 3
2.1 Electronics 3
2.2 Drive Mechanism 3
2.3 Positioning Mechanism 3
2.4 Read/Write Head(s) 3
2.5 Recording Formats 3
3.0 Functional Operations 4
3. 1Power Sequencing 4
3.2 Drive Selection 4
3.3 Motor On 4
3.4 Track Accessing 4
3.4. 1Step Out 4
3.4.2 Step In 5
3.5 Side Selection (SA460 Only) 5
3.6 Read Operation 5
3.7 Write Operation 8
3.8 Sequence of Events 8
4.0 Electrical Interface 10
4. 1Signal Interface 11
4.1.1 InputLines 11
4.1.1.1 Input Line Terminations 12
4.1.1.2 Drive Select 1-4 12
4.1.1.3 MotorOn 12
4.1.1.4 Direction Select 13
4.1.1.5 Step 13
4.1.1.6 Write Gate 13
4.1.1.7 Write Data 13
4.1.1.8 Side Select (SA460 Only) 14
4.1.1.9 In Use (Option) 14
4.1.2 Output Lines 14
4.1.2.1 Track 00 14
4.1.2.2 Index/Sector 14
4.1.2.3 Read Data 14
4.1.2.4 Write Protect 15
4.1.2.5 Drive Status 15
4. 2Power Interface 16
4.2.1 Frame Ground 16
5.0 Physical Interface 17
5.1 Jl/Pl Connector 17
5.2 J2/P2 Connector 18
5.3 Frame Grounding 18
6.0 Drive Physical Specifications 20
61Mechanical Dimensions 20
6.2 Mounting 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT)
7.0 Recording Format 21
7. 1General 21
7.2 Byte 21
7.3 Formats 22
7.3.1 Soft Sectored Recording Format 22
7.3.1.1 Track Layout 23
7.3.1.2 Hard Sectored Recording Format 23
8.0 Customer Installable Options 25
8.1 Drive Select 27
8.2 The Door Lock Solenoid fOption) 28
8.3 Side Select 29
8.4 Drive Status 30
8.5 Write Protect 31
9.0 Operation Procedures 32
9.1 Minidiskette Loading 32
9.2 Minidiskette Handling 32
10.0 Installation of Packaging Materials 33

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. SA410/460 96 TPI Minifloppys iv
2. SA410/460 Functional Diagram v
3. Track Access Timing 5
4. Read Initiate Timing 6
5. Read Data Timing (FM) 6
6. FM and MFM Code Comparisons 7
7. Write Initiate Timing 7
8. Write Data Timing (FM) 8
9. General Control and Data Timing Requirements 9
10. Interface Connections 10
11. Interface Signal Driver/Receiver 12
12. Step Timing 13
13. Write Data Timing (FM Encoding) 14
14. Index Timing (Soft Sectored Media) 15
15. Index/Sector Timing (SA115 or SA167 Media) 15
16. Index/Sector Timing (SA117 or SA167 Media) 15
17. Read Data Timing (FM) 15
18. Interface Connectors-Physical Locations 17
19. Jl Connector Dimensions 18
20. J2 Connector 18
21. Physical Dimensions 19
22. Recommended Mounting 20
23. Byte (FM Encoding) 21
24. Data Bytes 21
25. Recommended Soft Sector Single Density (FM) (Even Boundaries) 22
26. MFM Recommended Format -256 Bytes/ 16 Records Per Track (IBM Type) 22
27. Recommended Hard Sector FM and MFM Formats 24
28. Component Locations 26
29. Drive Select, Motor On and In Use 27
30. Door Lock From In Use or Drive Select 28
31. Side Select, Using Direction Select ...29
32. Drive Status 30
33. Write Protect 31
34. Carriage Stop 33
35. Door Retainer 34
36. Drive Container 35
37. Shipping Container 36
in

FIGURE 1. SA410/460 96 TPI MINIFLOPPYS
IV

WRITF
READ DATA READ
LOGIC
PROTECT
ASSM
-*
DRIVE
SELECT SIDE
SELECT
WRITE DATA
WRITE
LOGIC
*
WRITE GATE STEPPER
ACTUATOR
*SIDE SELECT
i
WRITE PROTECT —
«
iu
R/W HEAD
ASSM.
,R/WO
DRIVE R/W1 /• \
SELECT oDOOR
CLOSE
SWITCH
CONTROL
LOGIC
/
/
//
STEP v/
DIRECTION SELECT TRACK
00
-SENSOR
INDEX/
SECTOR
DETECTOR
DRIVE SELECT
MOTOR ON
IN USE *- /
/
DOOR LOCK _, /
»• IN USE
LED
TRACKOO / s.
«#
hNDEX/SECTOR
*\rf
DRIVE STATUS (DRIVE \^ y
[MOTOR JL-
i» V^T »- DOOR
IOOK
*SA460 ONLY
SOLENOID
(OPTION)
FIGURE 2. SA41 0/460 FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Description
The compact SA410 single-sided and SA460 double-sided, 96 TPI, Minifloppy™ disk drives offer areliable, low
cost high performance solution for OEM data storage applications which require maximum capacity in aMinflop-
py. The SA410/460 Minifloppy drives are less than one-half the size of Shugart's standard SA801 floppy disk
drive, fit comfortably in the space allocated for most tape cassette units, and offer up to one megabyte of unformat-
ted capacity.
SA410/460 Minifloppy drives have these standard features: compact size -just 3.25" high x5.75" wide x8.25"
deep, and weight of three pounds; low heat dissipation; positive media insertion to keep door from closing on
media; rapid start DC drive motor with precision servo speed control and integral tachometer; direct drive stepping
motor actuator with precise HeliCam™ V-groove lead screw; ball bearing anti-backlash followers; read/write head
assembly; internal write protect circuitry; activity light, and solid die cast chassis.
The SA410 and SA460 are your best choices for word processing systems, microprocessor based systems, 'in-
telligent' calculators, program storage, personal computer systems and other applications where low cost higher
capacity random access data storage is required. The SA410/460 offers the most cost effective data storage of any
flexible media disk drive
.
Key Features
96 Track per inch
Precise HeliCam™ Actuator
0.5/1 MByte (unformatted) capacity
SA400/450 I/O compatibility
Same compact size and weight as the SA400/450 -similar to most tape cassette units
125/250 Kbits/second transfer rate
Single and double density capability
Low heat dissipation
Positive media insertion to avoid media damage
Rapid start DC drive motor (eliminates AC requirements)
Shugart Bi-Compliant™ read/write head assembly on SA460
Write protect circuitry
Activity light
Door Lock Solenoid
Drive Status
1.2 Specification Summary
1.2.1 Performance Specifications
Capacity
Unformatted
Per Disk
Per Surface
Per Track
Formatted
(10 Sector/Track)
Per Disk
Per Surface
Per Track
Transfer Rate
Latency (avg.)
Access Time (w/o settling)
Track to Track
Side to Side
Average
SA410
Single/Double Density
250/500 KBytes
250/500 KBytes
3.1/6.2 KBytes
204.8/409.6 KBytes
204.8/409.6 KBytes
2.56/5.12 KBytes
125/250 Kbits/sec
100 msec
6msec
158 msec
SA460
Single/Double Density
0.5/1 MByte
250/500 KBytes
3.1/6.2 KBytes
409.6/819.2 KBytes
204.8/409.6 KBytes
2.56/5.12 KBytes
125/250 Kbits/sec
100 msec
6msec
0.2 msec
158 msec

SA410 SA460
Settling Time 15 msec 15 msec
Motor Start Time 200 msec 200 msec
1.2.2 Functional Specifications
Rotational Speed 300 rpm 300 rpm
Recording Density 2788/5576 bpi 2961/5922 bpi
(inside track)
Flux Density 5576 fci 5922 fci
Track Density 96tpi 96tpi
Tracks 80 80
Index 11
Encoding Method FM/MFM FM/MFM
Media Requirements
soft sectored SA114 SA164
16 sectors hard sectored SA115 SA165
10 sectors hard sectored SA117 SA167
Industry standard flexible diskette
Oxide on 0.003 in. (0.08mm) Mylar
5.25 in. (133.4mm) square jacket
1.2.3 Physical Specifications
Environmental Limits Operating Shipping
Ambient Temperature =40°F to 115°F (4.4°C to 46.1°C) -40° to 144°F (-40°C to 62°C)
Relative Humidity =20% to 80% 1% to 95%
Maximum Wet Bulb =78°F (25.6°C) no condensation
Storage
-8°Fto 117°F (-22°C to 47°C)
1% to 95%
no condensation
DC Voltage Requirements
+12V ±5% @1.3A typical, 2.2A MAX
+5V ±5% @0.5A typical, 0.7A MAX
Mechanical Dimensions (exclusive of front panel)
Width =5.75 in. (146.1mm)
Height =3.25 in. (82.6mm)
Depth =8.25 in. (205mm)
Weight =3lbs. 3ozs. (1.44 Kg) Nominal)
Power Dissipation =
18.2 watts (62.1 BTU/Hr) Continuous (typical)
14.6 watts (49.8 BTU/Hr) Standby (typical)
1.2.4 Reliability Specifications
MTBF: 8000 POH under typical usage *
'Assumes the duty cycle of the drive spindle motor to be 25%
PM: Not required
MTTR: 30 minutes
Component Life: 5years
Error Rates:
Soft Read Errors:
Hard Read Errors:
Seek Errors:
1per 109bits read
1per 1012 bits read
1per 106seeks
Media Life:
Passes per Track: 3.0 x106
Insertions: 30,000 +

2.0 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
The SA410/460 Minifloppy disk drives consist of:
1. Read/Write and Control Electronics
2. Drive Mechanism
3. Precision Track Positioning Mechanism
4. Read/Write Head(s)
2.1 Electronics
The electronics are packaged on one PCB which contains:
1. Index Detector Circuits
2. Head Position Actuator Driver
3. Read/Write Amplifier and Transition Detector
4. Write Protect
5. Drive Select Circuits
6. Spindle Motor Control
The Head Positioning Actuator moves the read/write head{s) to the desired track on the diskette. The head(s) are
loaded onto the diskette when the door is closed.
2.2 Drive Mechanism
The DC drive motor under servo speed control (using an integral tachometer) rotates the spindle at 300 rpm
through abelt-drive system. An expandable collet/spindle assembly provides precision media positioning to ensure
data interchange. Amechanical interlock prevents door closure without proper media insertion, thus eliminating
media damage.
2.3 Positioning Mechanism
The read/write head assembly is accurately positioned through the use of aprecision HeliCam V-groove lead
screw with aball follower which is attached to the head carriage assembly. Precise track location is accomplished as
the lead screw is rotated in discrete increments by astepping motor.
2.4 Read/Write Head(s)
The glass bonded ceramic and ferrite read/write head(s) contain tunnel erase elements to provide erased areas bet-
ween data tracks. Thus normal interchange tolerances between media and drives will not degrade the signal to
noise ratio and diskette interchangeability is insured.
The read/write head(s) are mounted on acarriage which is located on precision carriage ways. The diskette is held
in aplane perpendicular to the read/write head(s) by aplaten located on the base casting. This precise registration
assures perfect compliance with the read/write head(s). The read/write head(s) is in direct contact with the
diskette. The head surfaces have been designed to obtain maximum signal transfer to and from the magnetic sur-
face of the diskette with minimum head/diskette wear.
2.5 Recording Formats
The format of the data recorded on the diskette is totally afunction of the host system, and can be designed around
the users application to take maximum advantage of the total available bits that can be written on any one track.
For adetailed discussion of the various recording formats refer to Section 7.0.