Simrad TRANSDUCER - INSTALLATION GENERIC REV H User manual

Installation manual
Simrad transducers
Installation principles and guidelines
MAXIMIZING YOUR PERFORMANCE AT SEA
www.SIMRAD.com

Echo sounder transducers
Installation manual
This document provides a generic description of echo
sounder transducer installation. The information must be
regarded as general guidelines and recommendations only.
The installation shipyard must design and manufacture
installation hardware to fit each individual transducer and
vessel.
851-160164/H
September 2006

Document history
Document number: 851-160164 / ISBN-10: 82-8066-036-4 / ISBN-13: 978-82-8066-036-7
Rev.H September 2006
Converted to XML format. Chapters listing all Simrad
transducers and their termination to the General Purpose
Transceiver (GPT) are added. Several minor changes to
other descriptions and illustrations. Interactive version on the
document (CHM format) introduced.
Copyright
©2006SimradHortenAS
The information contained in this document remains the sole property of Simrad Horten AS. No part of this
document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, and the information containedwithin
it is not to be communicated to a third party, without the prior written consent of Simrad Horten AS.
Disclaimer
Simrad Horten AS endeavours to ensure that all information in this document is correct and fairly stated,
but does not accept liability for any errors or omissions. The document can be changed without prior
notice.
Warning
The equipment to which this manual applies must only be used for the purpose for which it was
designed. Improper use or maintenance may cause damage to the equipment and/or injury to personnel.
The user must be familiar with the contents of the appropriate manuals before attempting to operate
or work on the equipment.
Simrad disclaims any responsibility for damage or injury caused by improper installation, use or
maintenance of the equipment.
Support
If you require maintenance on your Simrad equipment, contact your local dealer. You can also contact
Simrad using the following e-mail address:
e-mail: [email protected]
Strandpromenaden 50
P. O . B o x 1 1 1
N-3191 Horten,
Norway
Simrad Horten AS
Telephone:[phone]
Telefax:[phone]
[email protected]
www.simrad.com

Installation manual
Table of contents
INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 5
TRANSDUCER LOCATION .................................................. 6
Go deep.....................................................................................................................6
Vessel heave .............................................................................................................6
Noise from protruding objects on the hull................................................................6
Boundary water layer ...............................................................................................7
Propeller noise..........................................................................................................7
Inclination of the transducer face.............................................................................8
Summary and general recommendation...................................................................8
WAYS OF MOUNTING THE TRANSDUCER......................... 10
External mounting..................................................................................................11
Transducer blister...................................................................................................16
Box keel..................................................................................................................22
Flush mounting in a steel tank................................................................................24
Acoustic window....................................................................................................26
Inside the hull.........................................................................................................28
Drop keel................................................................................................................30
Retractable transducer............................................................................................31
CABLE GLANDS ............................................................... 32
Order numbers........................................................................................................32
Cable gland for steel hulls......................................................................................33
Cable gland for wood or GRP hulls .......................................................................34
Cable glands for small hulls...................................................................................35
Cable splicing.........................................................................................................36
STEEL CONDUIT.............................................................. 37
HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE ...................................... 38
Approved anti-fouling paints..................................................................................39
SIMRAD TRANSDUCERS .................................................. 40
All 12 kHz transducers...........................................................................................41
All 18 kHz transducers...........................................................................................41
All 27 kHz transducers...........................................................................................41
All 38 kHz transducers...........................................................................................42
All 50 kHz transducers...........................................................................................44
All 70 khz transducers............................................................................................45
All 120 khz transducers..........................................................................................46
All 200 kHz transducers.........................................................................................47
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Simrad Echo sounder transducers
All 710 kHz transducers.........................................................................................49
GPT TRANSDUCER TERMINATIONS ................................. 51
Single beam, normal power transducer..................................................................52
Single beam, high power transducer ......................................................................53
Dual beam (wide or narrow) transducer.................................................................54
Split beam transducer.............................................................................................55
Split beam transducer to single beam transceiver ..................................................56
Single beam transducer to split beam transceiver ..................................................57
Dual frequency, single beam transducer.................................................................58
Sidescan transducer................................................................................................59
Deep water, split beam transducer..........................................................................60
ES38–10 transducer................................................................................................61
12-16/60 transducer................................................................................................62
50/200 Combi C transducer....................................................................................63
38/200 Combi C transducer....................................................................................64
4851-160164/H

Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this installation manual is to provide generic
descriptions and illustrations allowing the reader to understand
the basic principles for echo sounder transducer installation.
Note
The information in this document must be regarded as general
guidelines and recommendations only. The installation shipyard
must design and manufacture installation hardware to fiteach
individual transducer and vessel.
Whenever required, the installation shipyard must also have the
installation approved by the applicable maritime authorities.
For detailed information about the transducer to be installed, refer
to the documentation provided with the transducer. Drawings and
descriptions can also be obtained from http://www.simrad.com.
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Simrad Echo sounder transducers
TRANSDUCER LOCATION
A single answer to the question where to locate the transducer
cannot be given. It depends very much on the vessel’s
construction. However, there are some important guide lines.
Go deep The upper water layers of the sea contain a myriad of small
air bubbles created by the breaking waves. In heavy seas the
uppermost 5 to 10 metres may be air-filled, with the highest
concentrations near the surface. Air bubbles absorb and reflect
the sound energy, and may in worst cases block the sound
transmission totally. Therefore, mount the transducer at a deep
position on the hull.
Consider the situation when the vessel is unloaded, and when it
is pitching in heavy seas.
WARNING
The transducer must never be lifted free of the
water surface.
Not only will the sound transmission be blocked, but the
transducer may be damaged by slamming against the sea surface.
Another reason to go deep is cavitation in front of high power
transducers. Cavitation is the formation of small bubbles in the
water due to the resulting local pressure becoming negative
during parts of the acoustic pressure cycles. The cavitation
threshold increases with the hydrostatic pressure.
Vessel heave Heave is the up and down movement of the vessel. It disturbs the
echo traces in the echogram, so that a flat bottom is displayed
as a wave. A transducer location in the middle of the vessel
minimises the influence of vessel roll and pitch.
Noise from protruding objects on the hull
Objects protruding from the hull, such as zinc anodes, sonar
transducers or even the vessel’s keel, generate turbulence and
flow noise. Also holes and pipe outlets are noise sources. They
may act as resonant cavities amplifying the flow noise at certain
frequencies. Do not place an echo sounder transducer in the
vicinity of such objects, and especially not close behind them.
For the same reason, it is very important that the hull area around
the transducer face is as smooth and level as possible. Even
traces of sealing compound, sharp edges, protruding bolts or bolt
holes without filling compound will create noise.
6851-160164/H

Transducer location
Boundary water layer
When the vessel forces its way through the sea, the friction
between the hull and the water creates a boundary layer. The
thickness of the boundary layer depends upon vessel speed and
the roughness of the hull. Objects protruding from the hull, and
dents in the hull, disturb the flow and increase the thickness of
the boundary layer. The flow in this boundary layer may be
laminar or turbulent. A laminar flow is a nicely ordered, parallel
movement of the water. A turbulent flow has a disorderly pattern,
full of eddies. The boundary layer increases in thickness when the
flow goes from laminar to turbulent. The figure below illustrates
the boundary layer of a vessel moving through the water.
(CD17004P) BAC
Boundary water layers:
(A) = Turbulent flow
(B) = Laminar flow
(C) = Air bubbles in the water
Furthermore, air bubbles in the sea water are pressed down below
the hull and mixed into the boundary layer. The boundary layer
is thin underneath the forward part of the vessel, and increases in
thickness as it moves towards aft. If the sides of the hull are steep,
some of the air bubbles in the boundary layer may escape to the
sea surface along the vessel sides. It is our experience that a wide
and flat bottom, with a rising angle less than around 13 degrees,
is prone to giving air problems for the transducer. In any case a
transducer location in the forward part of the hull is preferred in
order to minimise the influence of the boundary layer.
Propeller noise
The propulsion propeller is the dominant noise source on most
fishing vessels, research vessels, merchant vessels and pleasure
crafts. The noise is transmitted through the sea water. For
this reason, the transducer should be placed far away from the
propeller, which means on the fore part of the hull. Positions
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Simrad Echo sounder transducers
outside the direct line of sight from the propeller are favourable.
On small vessels with short distances it is advised to mount the
transducer on that side of the keel where the propeller blades
move upwards, because the propeller cavitation is strongest on
the other side. The cavitation starts most easily when the water
flows in the same direction as the propeller blade, and that is to
some degree the case at that side of the keel where the propeller
blades move downwards.
Bow thruster propellers are extremely noisy. When in operation,
the noise and cavitation bubbles make the echo sounder useless,
almost no matter where the transducer is installed. And when not
in operation, the tunnel creates turbulence, and if the vessel is
pitching, the tunnel may be filled with air or aerated water in the
upper position and release this in the lower position. Therefore,
an echo sounder transducer should be placed well away from
the bow thruster.
Inclination of the transducer face
Ideally, the transducer face should be mounted in parallel with the
sea surface when the vessel is in normal trim, as this will provide
the most accurate echo information. However, it is also very
important that the water flow over the transducer face is laminar.
In order to ensure laminar flow, the transducer face may be tilted
slightly upwards in relation to the water flow. This allows the
flowing water to meet the face directly, and assures laminar flow.
The inclination angle must however be determined carefully. The
angle must be small on transducers with narrow beam angles. As
a rule of thumb, mount transducers with beam angles smaller
than seven degrees with minimum inclination angle. The smaller
beam angle your transducer has, the smaller the inclination angle
can be.
Ensure that you do not mount the transducer with a negative
inclination angle. This may cause turbulence under the transducer
face, and reduced echo sounder performance.
Summary and general recommendation
Some of the above guide lines are conflicting, and each case has
to be treated individually in order to find the best compromise.
Generally the propeller noise is the dominant factor, and a
recommended transducer location is in the fore part of the hull,
with maximum distance from the bow equal to one third of the
total length of the hull at the water line.
8851-160164/H