Sioux Tools 514-4 User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL.
MODEL 514-4
ELECTRIC
230/3/60
SERIAL.NO. 068955
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

When the liquid in the container becomes to low and is not being deawn up into the pump
the unit will start to cycle very fast. At that time, shut off the air inlet ball valve and
mix another batch of cleaning solution in the drum.
Upon the completion of any foam cleaning using this foamer, clear water should be pumped
through the pump and out the wand. This will greatly enhance the life and performance
of the TEX-O-FOAMER.
To he sure the pump operates smoothly, always maintain an adequate amount of #10 viscosity
lubricating oil in the oiler.
-
10/84
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0.
SIOUX PART NO. 10H12
I.•dPORTANT •
READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USING SPRAY GUN
SEE DATA SHEET 18208 AND PARTS LIST PL60,.60W ATTACBED
(FOR 60-H3/8 AND 60-W-B3/8 WITH 3/8" BSPT INLET CONN. Sa"E PL6OS, 60W-B)
S.1FF'_•Y aRECAUTIONc
THIS T5 A HIGH PRESSURE DEVICE WHICH SSOULD ONLY AE USED
•
IN A PIdOP3i
D
LY ENGI2LERED SYSTEM. THIS SPRAY GUN SHOUL
BE OP='RATED ONLY BY TRAINED OPERATORS ANO %EPT OOT OF
REACB OF CHII,pREN. PL11SE READ THE FOLLOWING.INSTRUCTZON
SSEETS SEFORE ATTEMETING TO OPEBAT£ THE #60 HiGH PRESSURE
GONJSR SPRAY GUN.
i
c=4 _ THESE WARNINGS OR SERIO275 AND P^
..
'SMANENT I::JBRY MAY R..SULTf
1.
DO Nor aim gun at any person or any part of the body. Fluids under high
pressure can penetrate the humam skin and can efase se.v-se injury,
possibly resulting in amputation or death. Hot liquids and chemicals
can also cause burns or injury. If any part of the body comes in contact
with the spray stream, immediately consult a physician.
2.
DO NOT at any time olace hand or any other nart of the body in front of
saray nozxle or tip.
3.
DO NOT alter equipment in any mannerr if repairs are necessary, use only
genuine factory repair parts supplied by SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO.
4.
DO NOT exceed mar++•"+m operating pressure of the lowest rated accessory
item within the spray system, even though some of the accessories have
a higher max±+mmm pressure rating.
posit.on Trigger Lockto the "lodced" position.
S.
DO NOT leave equinment under:nressure unattended at any time. Relieve
pressure by shutting off power to niar, turning off the liquid supply to
the pimp, and actuati.ne Trigger •.:nti.l all fluid ceases to _low; then
6.U0 NOT use damaged,pe :orated, or weakened fluid hose.
,^+ONOP usea Gtnjet wi^a a_^^ltf or damaged TricgerLOcfc.
=ittinas, hoses, etc. Fluids which are under high pressure can penetrate
skin, cloth, etc. and cause serious injury.
8.
DO NOT operate a snray gun itthere are any leaks from the aackazngs,
?.
DO NOT touch any metal _ar=s of the .^an or accesseries when s_ra_ving hot
^_:
_ S:HEI:.:. •,.... .'n; .. _ Ci- ... U_% i::.SIC :FYOVl=, 4 9PR?Y G:IIi 3ECOCF'S
RP. D,l'niZROUS B:CnUS: A:?.E.-. ' •^3 VOLL°5E OF LIOLZD CAN BE r'•ff'I'TSD
?RO^? THE CU_7-°'^ OF THE :,0.1 AT fil.;ii VELCCITY.
P
(C-14-1)
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dha
_.
so use a"two-nar.ded" control o: 460 Guniet at all times_ :,rasp spray
gun £=-mly with both hands. If an extension is used, grasn the extension.
(Insulated extension if spraying hot liauids) .
J
2_
DO adopt a secure body stance prior to and during s6ray operation to
safely control the high reactionary force of this unit.
3.
DO impress on other people in the spraying area the importance of
obeying strict safety precautions for everyone's safety.
tnem secure and leakproof.
4.
DO develop a habit of shut..ing off the power to the pump, relieving
fluid pressure from gun and hose by actuating trigger until all fluid
ceases to flow, and setting the Triacer Lock in the locked position,
before attempting to remove the tip, nozzle, gun or any part of the
gun......or when gun is not in use.
5.
Do check oneration of TriggerLock before each spray period. Trigaer
Lock must hold the Trigger to its forward position. (Adjust if
necessary - see section, Trigger Adjustment Procedure.)'
6.
DO carefully check and tighten threadedconnections regularly. Make
7. Do flush gun after each spray period, vsing the same safety precautions
as used during spraying operations. Always use the lowest possible
pressure for flushing. -• .
8.
DD keep gun clean and dry to allow for oositive grip.
9.
DO use Gunjet in a well ventilated area and aiaice sure snray gun IS
grounded properly when used in a possibly explosive or in?lanmable
environment.
I*TOeTTANT:
IN CASE OF TBE SLIGHTEST APPEAHANCE OF SKIN Pr7ETR71TION FROM
SPRAY. CONSULT A PHYSICIAN IM.MEDIATE..Y.
IN.S'TALLATION•
1. Before installing Guajet to hose, select Washjet Tip or Washjet Nozzle
and, if desired. an appropriate extension for your application. Install
on gun with t_p or nozzle positioned for your particular spraying needs
and tighten.
Attach Gunjet to hign pressure hosewith rating to meet or exceed the
maxxmum ooera:ing pressure to be used., When _spray gon is beang used
.'_napossibleexclosiveorflaz^^able environment, a grounded zyne hose
saould be used. ^ .
^
.
. .._
tollon yourpucv andcomconent parts manu=acturer's recommendations for
operation, but in any case, do not exceed the pressure or temperature
of the lowest rated component within the system.
;031176790^
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

BEFORE YOU INSTALL AND OPERATE YOUR NEW SIOUX EQUIPMENT, WE SUGGEST THAT
YOU READ THIS MANUAL. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION TO ASSIST YOU IN PROVIDING
TROUBLE-FREE OPERATION.
CHAPTER 1, "INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS," IS EXTREMELY
IMPORTANT!
YOU CANNOT HAVE SMOOTH, EFFICIENT OPERATION WITHOUT ADEQUATE
EL)_CTRICALS AT THE MACHINE AND SUFFICIENT WATER SUPPLY.
'Et.,
BASICS OF HOW A HIGH PRESSURE WASHER WORKS
it
Water enters the float tank by way of the water supply hose. It passes
through the float valve which shuts off the water flow when the float tank
is full. The pump draws the water through the sediment strainer and out
=1 ?
the bottom of the float tank.
The solution tank is filled with water by opening the valve at the water in-
3e
let. The desired quantity of Sioux Powder Cold Pressure Wash Detergent is
:o
added prior to starting the operation and can be introduced into the system
:n
by opening the solution valve.
The water solution is forced by the pump through the hose and gun, discharg-
ing•through the tip at high pressure.
* . ^ • * * * x ^ : t : ^ w r ^ x ,t * * ,r t : ^ • •
Our information is based on our experience in the
i ndustry si nce ,1939.
We also have,incorporated information from outside
industrial sources.
;;
This information is as complete as possible and we
believe it to be accurate: However, we cannot
assume responsibility for any errors, omissions or
engineering changes encountered during or after
publication of this manual.
iv
2031176791
-o
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

CHAPTER I - INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
Section A - ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.
ADEQUATE ELECTRICALS ARE CRITICAL TO SATISFACTORY OPERATION OF
THE EQUIPMENT.
Find the horse power requirements as listed below and provide
the recommended electricals for your unit. The electrical manufacturer,
in accordance with NEMA Standards, requires these electricals:
Total
230/3/50-60 460/3/50-60
Horse Power
Requirements
Wire
Gauge
ircuit
Breaker.
Wire
Gauge
ircuit
Breaker
3
12
30 14
12
5
10
40 14
20
7h
8
50 12
30
10
6
50 10
40
INADEQUATE ELECTRICAL CAPACITY WILL
RESULT IN ERRATIC OPERATION,
UNSCHEDULED SHUTDOWNS DUE TO OVER-
LOAD, AND FAILURE OF ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT DUE TO OVERHEATING.
2.
Circuit breakers are the transitional equipment built to provide
sufficient power from the main electrical system to the local system
and are designed to take the maximum surge of power required to place
the equipment in operation. (Note: A circuit breaker is the not
same as a fuse.) .
The initial surge of power required when starting up the equipment
is much greater than the operating current requirements.
9oq;he time.trouble with the washer is due to inadequate
electricaL power AT THE EQUIPMENT WHILE UNIT IS OPERATING.
20311I6792_
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

CHAPTER I - SET-UP PROCEDURE
Section B - WATER SUPPLY- REQUIREIENTS
1.
WATER SUPPLY AVAILABLE SHOULD BE 150% OF THE RATING OF THE UNIT AT ALL TIMES,
SUFFICIENT TO KEEP WATER IN THE FLOAT TA14K DURING OPERATION. (i.e., a unit rated
at 2 gallons per minute (GPM) needs a water supply of 3 aallons per minute (GPM).
2.
DO NOT ALLOW DEMAND AT OTHER OUTLETS TO STARVE WATER SUPPLY TO UNIT.
3.
WATER PRESSURE SHOULD NOT BE EXCESSIVE. If water pressure is over 50 Pounds
per square inch (PSI), it may not permit the float valve to seat properly and
a pressure reducing valve should be installed. Contact your local utility,
heating/plumbing wholesaler or Sioux Steam Cleaner Corporation for assistance.
4.
IN SOME AREAS IT IS NECESSARY TO CONDITION THE WATER. Contact your local
water conditioning representative for analysis or recommendations.
5.
DO NOT USE RUSTY OR SANDY WATER.
6.
Water inlet temperature should not exceed 1400F.
l
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,V
a
CHAPTER III - OPERATION
:
Section A - Set-Up Procedure
To Set-up unit for operation, proceed as follows:
1.
Unpack and inspect unit for damage in shipment. Tighten fittings as
they may have been loosened by vibration during shipment.
2.
Each unit has a washer hose, washer gun, and wash tips of different
spray angles.
Each end of hose is furnished with quick couplers.
3.
Attach the washer gun to the high pressure washer hose. Attach wash
nozzle later after water tanks, pump, hoses, and wash gun have been cleared
of foreign matter.
4.
Connect the washer hose to the discharge outlet of the unit.
5.
Connect water source, preferable an extra-heavy garden hose, to the
float tank inlet. Provide solid brass fittings on garden hose.
6.
Connect the unit TO PROPER ELECTRICAL OUTLET, USING ELECTRICAL CORDS
OF HEAVY-DUTY GROUNDED WIRE OF SUFFICIENT WIRE SIZE TO ASSURE PROPER VOLT-
AGE AT THE MACHINE. Alternatively, equipment can be wired in direct by a
qualified electrician using appropriate conduit wiring. See "Electrical
Requirements," Chapter 1, Section A.
7.
The unit is now ready for operation. Refer to Chapter III, Section 8,
"Operation For High Pressure Washing."
NOTE
BE ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN UNIT HAS ADEQUATE
AND GROUNDED ELECTRICALS AT THE MACHINE,
AND A STEADY SUPPLY OF WATER BEFORE BE-
.
GINNING OPERATION.
OPERATION FOR HIGH PRESSURE WASHING
1.
Turn on water supply to unit. KEEP WATER SUPPLY ON WHENEVER THE UNIT
IS OPERATING.
2.
Adjust float valve as required to provide CONSTANT SUPPLY OF WATER IN
FLOAT TA1iK.
See CHAPTER V, B-1.
3.
If ueteraent solution is desired, fill solution tank 3/4 full with
water.
Add Sioux Powder Cold Pressure Washer Detergent to Water. See
Section E, Chapter III. Mix well.
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'V4
CHAPTER III - OPERATION
Section B- OPERATION FOR HIGH PRESSURE WASHING (Cont.)
4.
Lock the washer gun in the open position.
5.
The unit is now ready to operate and can be activiated by turning pump
switch "ON."
This switch is located on the front of the machine.
6.
Prime pump and piping compartments with water, completely replacing all
air in the system until a steady stream of water flows from the washer gun.
a) Turn pump switch "ON."
b) Open solution valve partially to purge air from detergent line.
In extreme cases it may be necessary to remove hose from washer
to get pump to prime. After unit Is primed, turn pump switch
OFF and attach desired wash nozzle.
7.
Keep solution tank strainer covered by water or solution at all times.
8.
On initial start-up, use some detergent solution to loosen check valve.
While it is not necessary to use detergent solution, it is recommended on
initial start-up.
_; v ad;us> 9.
Regulate amount of detergent solution required by adjusting solution
valve.
C•_*Ve, 10.
When ready for rinsing, simply close solution valve.
11.
Units with trigger guns allow operator to shut off water flow. As
pressure builds up in the unit, the unloader valve opens and by-
passes water back to the float tank.
CAUTION
NEVER RUN THE PUMP WITHOUT WATER.
00 NOT ALLOW PUMP TO UNLOAD WATER
FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME, AS THIS
WILL CAUSE CAVITATION (THE FORM-
ATION OF A VACUUM) CAUSING PUMP
ee apter
ec
on D.
t
E II
. .
--.. ^ - _
..-
^t ^±^'.'. . _ ..
- . .
^
,
.
. .
12.
For_longer life of your unit, we recommend ONLYthe useof SIOUX
-POwDER COLD PRESSURE P4SH D
TER6ENT S Ch ''I 5 i
TO BIND.
_Section C -..SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE
s.
Allow pressure to expire from gun before closing trigger.
4.
If unit is to be inoperative for an extended period of time, disconnect
water and electrical supply. Also prevent freezing of equipment. See
Chpater IV, Section D.
.' .
F
1.
Shut off solution valve.
Shut off pump switch.
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* 41
l
:.iiAPTER I:i
Section D- SIOUX P0I4DER COLD PRESSURE WASHER DETERGENT
1.
Sioux Cold Pressure Washer Detergent is a powdered detergent
formulated for Sioux Steam Cleaner Corporation and is the ONLY
COMPOUND WE RECOMMEND FOR SIOUX EQUIPMENT because: -
(a)
Sioux Powerwash is a specially formulated compound designed
to completely remove road film, grime, mud and salt deposits without
spotting or streaking, and leaves no residue.
(b)
Controlled, uniform suds give quick, easy rinsing. Water sheds off
thoroughly.
(c)
Detergent will remove road film and salt deposits without spotting
or streaking.
(d)
Sioux Powerwash is a fast acting bio-degradable detergent that has been
tested exhaustively in actual conditions and proven superior and econ-
omical for all types of Sioux high pressure cold water washers.
(e)
Product is safe for painted wood, glass or metal surfaces.
(f)
Does not harm rubber.
2.
Should you still decide to use another detergent, read the following
requirements carefully to helo you select a compatible pressure washer
cleaning compound.
It must: (a) HE FULLY DISSOLVABLE.
(b)
BE NON FOAMING.
(c)
CONTAIN NO ABRASIVES OR ORGANIC MATERIAL.
(d)
BE STABLE IN SOLUTION.
(e) CONTAIN NO CORRSIVES.
Section E - CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS
for heavy duty cleaning.
1.
Add Sioux Powder Cold Pressure Washer Detergent to water in solution
tank.
For regular maintenance cleaning, add I to 2 cups or 3'to 4 cups
generously and ailow the solution to. remain on the surface for a few min-
utes, in order to dissolve the.soil and break the surface film.
4.
P.inse completely with clear water before the solution dries, using a
250-400 tip. if solution has dried, respray with solution and than
rinse with clear water.
be mixed with;yrater.from pump through system. Spray the entire surface -"
3.
anen thesolution_valve_and adjust to desired strength of.solution to
zwM^`:.
'•,C.
rt
^
3.'^Y`1
+^M•-i^S W.°'^
`
1',v `^'F •ef k3 F':• "
2.
Without.opening the solution valve, wet surface with clear water,
starting from the bottom and working"up.
7
2031276796
.
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4*
CHAPTER IV - MAINTENANCE/STORAGE
^ection A - DAILY MAI14TENANCE CHECK LIST
1.
Prime water system if necessary.
2.
insure wash tips are clear of obstruction.
3.
Verify correct operation pressure.
4.
Maintain proper oil level of water pump at inspection plug. See APPEN-
DIX A.
5.
Check hose and fittings.
6..
Fill solution tank as required.
7.
Be sure liquid covers detergent strainer.
Section B- PERIODIC NAI(tfENANCE REQUIRENEirTS
1.
Tighten loose fittings and check electrical connections for.tightness.
2.
Replace check valve when necessary.
Check float and solution tank strainers.
4.
Clean algae and build-up in water intake system and-suction piping.
5.
Inspect pump for leaks and replace wearing parts as required.
Section C - PU1MP MOTOR FiA%FTE7ANCE
Lubrication of motor should be in accordance with instructions on namepiate
or terminal box. If no instructions are supplied, the following guidelines
are offerea:.
Open !4otors:
Cieanaway dirt aroundopenings with an air ,jet..
Enclosed P!otors:
Blow away dirt around openings with an air jet.
3.
Ball Bearing t•totors:
Only lubricate if zerk fittings are supplied, and
then only every.two years. CAUTION: DO NOT OVER-LUBRICATE!!!
4.
Sleeve Bearing Motors: Lubricate 10-15 drops of ,20-weight non-deteroent
oil only once every two years. CAUTiON: DO NOT OVER-LUBRICATE!!!'
8
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

TROUBLESHOOTING CHECK SHEET CHAPTER V. TROUBLESHOOTING,
contains information for locating and correcting many of the
operating problems that may develoo in your unit.
Each of the major problems is followed by a list of causes and rem-
edies which will help you to determine corrective action that might
be taken.
We have.not listed all malfunctions that may occur, nor all causes and remedies,
and you may experience problems other than those listed.
Go over the infor-
mation on this sheet before using the troubleshooting guide and you will
probably solve your problem.
FIRST,,REVIEW INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS; CHAPTER I, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTEN-
TION TO ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS AS OVER 90% OF PROBLEMS ARE DUE TO INADEQUATE
ELECTRICALS AT THE MACHINE WHILE IN OPERATION. Check water supp y. USE ONLY
5 OUX-POWDER COLD PRESSURE WASHER DETERGENT IN SOLUTION TANK.
SECOND, Check follow.ing list to help solve the most common problems:
1.
Wire size printed on drop cord you are using?
Is it grounded?__
2.
Length of drop cord you are using?
3.
Rating of circuit breaker in electrtcal system you are using?
4.
Rating of electrical line "behind the wall" of outlet you are using?_
5.
Gallons per minute of your water supply?_(measure into pail)
6.
Is water supply interrupted?
7.
Reading on pressure gauge .^
WHILE UNIT IS OPERATING WITH WASH
TIP ON GUN?
8.
Air purged from solution system?
Air purged from water system?
9.
Are wash tips obstructed? -
10. Have any changes or alterations been made to original unit?
11. Have you replaced any original parts?
Were they furnisheu by SIOUX
factory?,
If you are not able to solve your problem after CAREFULLY following the above,
feel free to call us at the factory, (605)-763-2776 for help. Most problems
can be solved an the telephone if you can supply ACCURATE INSTALLATION BACK-
GROUND & DATA. We will need to know the model number of your unit
serial number of your unit
and the problem you are experiencing.
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

^ADSE
REMEDY
FLOAT TANK OVERFLOWS
1. Float valve needs adjustment or is defective.
Adjust float valve by-loosening nut on side of valve arm. Set ball
at least 4" above highest position without hitting tank lid. Replace
if defective.
2. Float ball leaks.
Replace float ball.
3. 1later pressure-to high.
Water prsssure should not be excessive. Install pressure regulator •
ahead of machines water iniet if necessary.
8. EXCESSIVELY HIGH, ERRATIC OR FLUCTUATING PRESSURE.
.
NA
1. Inadequate electricat supply at the machine. LOW VOLTAGE N,AY CAUSE PUMP
NDTOR TO RUN AT SLOW SPEED. Provide adequate electricals AT THE MACHINE.
See Chapter I, Section A.
2. Air leak in water system, pump not primed.
Check plumbing comections and piping for air leaks. PRIh;E PUMP AND
WATER SYSTEM.
3. Obstruction in nozzle tips, cun or hose.
J
Remove and clean wash tips, gun or hose. Delime wash-tips if necessary.
4. Float valve upside down or not adjusted properly.
Orient and adjust. assuring proper seating. Remove foreien satter from
under seat and repair or replace as required.
5. Inadequate or interrupted water supply, low pressure on main water line
or heavy demand at other outlets.
Turn on inlet water supply and allow to remain open. Provide adequate
water supply to puro.
6. Obstruction in pressure aauge line.
Remove bothsends of line and clean. Reinstali. Secure fittings.
for.proper operation usually 100' for standard ratings.
`Do,not,-we understzgdhose or .°ittings.
Maximum length suceeszed
7.Di>eharge hosestoo smallor too;-long.
C. EXCESSIYE VIBRATIOI3 AND NOISE.
1. Leaking check valve.
Repair or replace.
NA 2. Bent ^otcr shaft.
Replace motor_
3. Improoerlv aligned puro sha"
,t.
P,eplace if necessary b°_ina sltre to checS: for arcper alignment.
Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/yzmx0000

PRODL-I•i
CAUSE
FEMEDY
a=
C. EXCESSIVE VIBRATIOf! AND IAISE:, (continued)
4. Pump damaged or parts worn.
Replace damaged parts and check alignment before operating.
D. LOr! PRESSURE.
1. Improper nozzle on wash gun.
Install proper nozzle.
2. Suction line partially blacked or leaks.
Clean suction line. Check for cracks or holes in line. Replace if
necessary. Tighten all connections.
3..Pump valves, seats, or rings worn.
Replace worn parts.
4. Clogged inlet strainer.
Clean and reinstall.
5. Inlet line not primed.
Prime pump.
c. Pump air bound, may occur after float tank has run dry or after pump
has been removed.
Operate pump until fuily primed.
7. Pump worn.
Repair or replace.
Check piumbing connections and piping for air leaks. PRIME
PUMP AND WATER SYSTEM„ Be.Sure to
,
maintain water in.ail:..
tOCUdr[menfs nf the ..nre.. ....^^
n, ----- ..
. .
-
1.
Insufficient water supply.to pump.
Provide adequate water supply.
2.
Air leakage in water system, Pump not primed.
Fulsationdampeners iilled with water.
Remove and empty daily. Reinstall.
4.
Pump needs lubrication.
Lubricate pump.
Pump worn.
Remove and repair nump as required or replace.
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i
1
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Proper Installation
These are positive displacement pumps. A pressure relief valve must be
installed in the system. Arrange inlet piping so that air cannpt be
trapped, and make sure all joints are airtight. Inlet piping must have an
internal diameter equal to or greater than the internal diameter of the
inlet fitting on the pump. We also recommend that a filter be fitted on
the suction.line to protect pump from foreign matter. Maximum negative
pressure is 10 feet water lift; temperature maximum is 165°F.
A properly designed pressure relief mechanism must be installed in the
discharge piping. Failure to install such relief mechanism could result in
personal injury or damage to the pump or system. Pump should not be
operated at more than 10% above maximum operating pressure shown
on pump. General Pump • U.S. does not assume liability or
responsibility for the operation of a customer's high pressure system.
Lubrication
Fill crankcase to dot on oil gauge window per specifications with SAE
20W or 30W non-detergent oil. Change Qil after 50-hour break-in period.
Change oil every three months or at 500 hour intervals thereafter.
Regular lubrication Is the easiest, most efficient and least expensive
element in preventive maintenance.
RPM and pressure
Pump operation must be within RPM and pressure specifications. For
other applications, consult General Pump . U.S.
Do not pump acids or abrasive fluids with this pump. Contact General
Pump • U.S. for additional information on questionable fluids.
Freezing conditions
Pump must be protected from freezing conditions.
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