Sony MAV-70 User manual

MULTI ACCESS VIDEO AND AUDIO SERVER
MAV-70
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Volume 1 1st Edition
MPEG ENCODER/DECODER BOARD
BKMA-7010
MPEG ENCODER BOARD
BKMA-7020
MPEG DECODER BOARD
BKMA-7030
INTERFACE BOARD
BKMA-7040
A/D CONVERTER BOARD
BKMA-7050
D/A CONVERTER BOARD
BKMA-7060
REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY UNIT
BKMA-PS70

!WARNING
This manual is intended for qualified service personnel only.
To reduce the risk of electric shock, fire or injury, do not perform any servicing other than that
contained in the operating instructions unless you are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing to
qualified service personnel.
!WARNUNG
DieAnleitung ist nur für qualifiziertes Fachpersonal bestimmt.
Alle Wartungsarbeiten dürfen nur von qualifiziertem Fachpersonal ausgeführt werden. Um die
Gefahr eines elektrischen Schlages, Feuergefahr und Verletzungen zu vermeiden, sind bei
Wartungsarbeiten strikt die Angaben in der Anleitung zu befolgen. Andere als die angegeben
Wartungsarbeiten dürfen nur von Personen ausgeführt werden, die eine spezielle Befähigung
dazu besitzen.
!AVERTISSEMENT
Ce manual est destiné uniquement aux personnes compétentes en charge de l’entretien.Afin
de réduire les risques de décharge électrique, d’incendie ou de blessure n’effectuer que les
réparations indiquées dans le mode d’emploi à moins d’être qualifié pour en effectuer d’autres.
Pour toute réparation faire appel à une personne compétente uniquement.
MAV-70 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-7010 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-7020 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-7030 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-7040 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-7050 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-7060 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher
BKMA-PS70 (SY) Serial No. 10001 and Higher

CAUTION
Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly
replaced.
Replace only with the same or equivalent type
recommended by the manufacturer.
Dispose of used batteries according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
Vorsicht!
Explosionsgefahr bei unsachgemäßem
Austausch der Batterie.
Ersatz nur durch denselben oder einen vom
Hersteller empfohlenen ähnlichen Typ.
Entsorgung gebrauchter Batterien nach Angaben
des Herstellers.
ATTENTION
Il y a danger d’explosion s’il y a remplacement
incorrect de la batterie.
Remplacer uniquement avec une batterie du
même type ou d’un type équivalent recommandé
par le constructeur.
Mettre au rebut les batteries usagées
conformément aux instructions du fabricant.
ADVARSEL!
Lithiumbatteri-Eksplosionsfare ved fejlagtig
håndtering.
Udskiftning må kun ske med batteri
af samme fabrikat og type.
Levér det brugte batteri tilbage til leverandøren.
1 (P)
Voor de klanten in Nederland
Dit apparaat bevat een MnO2-Li en (CF)n-Li batterij voor
memory back-up.
Raadpleeg uw leverancier over de verwijdering van de
batterij op het moment dat u het apparaat bij einde
levensduur afdankt.
Gooi de batterij niet weg. maar lever hem in als KCA.
Bij dit produkt zijn batterijen geleverd.
Wanneer deze leeg zijn, moet u ze niet
weggooien maar inleveren als KCA.

PRECAUTIONS
Use the specified part only
Component marked !are critical to safe operation.
Therefore, specified parts should be used in the case of
replacement.
Secure the unit to a rack with the screws
If the unit is not secured completely, this may cause the
unit fall off, resulting in injury. Be sure to secure the unit
with the screws when mounting to the rack.
Secure the power supply unit with the screws
If the power supply unit is not secured completely, the
contact resistance of the power connector will be
increased and may cause parts damage or smoking.
Warnings about the battery (Backup lithium battery)
When abnormal conditions are encountered,
.If smoking, turn off the dedicated circuit breaker or
power switch, and unplug the appliance from the
outlet.
.If a battery fluid gets in eyes, wash it off with water at
once and go to a doctor.
.If a battery fluid spills on your clothing, wash it out
with water at once.
.If a battery fluid is leaking, wipe it off and replace with
a new battery.
To avoid the explosion and fire,
.Never recharge, short-circuit, take it apart, deform,
heating, or dispose of in fire.
.Replace with the same model or a manufacturer-
specified equivalent.
.Before disposing of it, cover the “+” and “_” poles with
insulating tape to keep them from contact with a metal
or other batteries.
To avoid the leakage,
.Set the polarity (+) of the battery to the polarity (_) of
the board.
2 (P)

1 (E)
MAV-70
Table of Contents
Manual Structure
Purpose of this manual ........................................................................................ 3 (E)
Contents ............................................................................................................... 3 (E)
Related manuals................................................................................................... 4 (E)
Trademarks .......................................................................................................... 4 (E)
1. Diagnostics
1-1. Factory-Setting Menu............................................................................1-1 (E)
1-2. RS-232C Connection ............................................................................1-3 (E)
1-3. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory ........................1-5 (E)
1-4. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory
(PU-102 Board).....................................................................................1-8 (E)
1-5. Acquiring the Log ...............................................................................1-10 (E)
1-6. Upgrading the ROM on Board............................................................1-12 (E)
1-7. Upgrading the ROM on Board (When no macro function is used) ....1-16 (E)
1-7-1. Preparation before Adjustment ..........................................1-16 (E)
1-7-2. ENDEC CPU (BKMA-7010), ENC CPU (BKMA-7020),
and DEC CPU (BKMA-7030) ...........................................1-16 (E)
1-7-3. FC CPU (BKMA-7040) .....................................................1-18 (E)
1-7-4. PU CPU ..............................................................................1-18 (E)
1-7-5. MAIN CPU, DPC CPU......................................................1-19 (E)
1-7-6. CCM CPU ..........................................................................1-19 (E)
1-7-7. FSE CPU ............................................................................1-20 (E)
1-7-8. DP CPU ..............................................................................1-20 (E)
1-8. Upgrading the BOOT OS....................................................................1-21 (E)
1-8-1. FSE BOOT OS ...................................................................1-21 (E)
1-8-2. DPC BOOT OS ..................................................................1-22 (E)
1-8-3. CCM BOOT OS .................................................................1-23 (E)
2. Replacement of Main Parts and Boards
2-1. Cautions before Servicing .....................................................................2-1 (E)
2-2. Removal/Installation of Cabinet ...........................................................2-2 (E)
2-2-1. Front Panel Removal/Installation.........................................2-2 (E)
2-2-2. Cover Removal/Installation .................................................2-3 (E)
2-3. Location of Main Parts and Boards.......................................................2-4 (E)

2 (E) MAV-70
2-4. Replacement of Main Parts ...................................................................2-6 (E)
2-4-1. General Information for Parts Replacement ........................2-6 (E)
2-4-2. Power Supply Unit Replacement .........................................2-6 (E)
2-4-3. HDD Unit Replacement .......................................................2-8 (E)
2-4-4. Fan Motor Replacement .....................................................2-10 (E)
2-4-5. Filter Replacement .............................................................2-13 (E)
2-4-6. Backup Battery Replacement .............................................2-14 (E)
2-5. Boards Replacement............................................................................2-18 (E)
2-5-1. CN-1405 Board ..................................................................2-19 (E)
2-5-2. IF-678 Board ......................................................................2-19 (E)
2-5-3. DP-269/LE-200 Boards ......................................................2-20 (E)
2-5-4. PSW-61 Board ...................................................................2-21 (E)
2-5-5. MB Board Assembly .........................................................2-22 (E)
2-5-6. MB-755 Board ...................................................................2-23 (E)
2-5-7. AC-188 Board ....................................................................2-23 (E)
2-5-8. MB-756 Board ...................................................................2-24 (E)
2-5-9. SY-253/CN-1656/CCM-37 Boards ....................................2-24 (E)
2-5-10. PU-102 Board.....................................................................2-25 (E)
3. Electrical Alignment
3-1. General Information for Electrical Adjustment ....................................3-1 (E)
3-1-1. Equipment Required.............................................................3-1 (E)
3-1-2. Content of Nonvolatile Memory ..........................................3-1 (E)
3-2. SPG-15 Board Adjustment....................................................................3-3 (E)
3-2-1. NTSC SCH Adjustment .......................................................3-3 (E)
3-2-2. PAL SCH Adjustment ..........................................................3-5 (E)
3-3. SY-253 Board Adjustment ....................................................................3-7 (E)
3-3-1. Audio Output Level (L) Adjustment ....................................3-7 (E)
3-3-2. Audio Output Level (R) Adjustment....................................3-7 (E)
3-4. ENC-51 Board Adjustment ...................................................................3-8 (E)
3-4-1. VCO Adjustment ..................................................................3-8 (E)
3-5. ENC-47 Board Adjustment ...................................................................3-8 (E)
3-5-1. VCO Adjustment ..................................................................3-8 (E)
3-6. DEC-98 Board Adjustment ...................................................................3-9 (E)
3-6-1. VCO Adjustment ..................................................................3-9 (E)
3-7. DA-134 Board Adjustment ...................................................................3-9 (E)
3-7-1. Audio Output Level (CH-1) Adjustment .............................3-9 (E)
3-7-2. Audio Output Level (CH-2) Adjustment ...........................3-10 (E)
3-8. AD-156 Board Adjustment .................................................................3-11 (E)
4. Circuit Description

3 (E)
MAV-70
Manual Structure
Purpose of this manual This manual is the maintenance manual volume 1 of the MAV-70 Multi Access
Video and Audio Server.
This manual is intended for use by trained system and service engineers, and
describes the information that premise the service based on components replacement
(diagnostics, replacement of main parts andboards, electrical alignment, and circuit
descriptions).
Moreover, describes the information for the following optional boards/power supply
unit.
.MPEG Encoder/Decoder Board BKMA-7010
.MPEG Encoder Board BKMA-7020
.MPEG Decoder Board BKMA-7030
.Interface Board BKMA-7040
.A/D Converter Board BKMA-7050
.D/A Converter Board BKMA-7060
.Redundant Power Supply Unit BKMA-PS70
Contents The maintenance manual consists of “Volume 1” and “Volume 2”.
The following is a summary of all the section for understanding the contents of
maintenance manual.
Section 1 Diagnostics
This section describes the menu, error message, and diagnostics, etc.
Section 2 Replacement of Main Parts and Boards
This section describes the removal of cabinet, replacement of main parts and boards.
Section 3 Electrical Alignment
This section describes the electrical alignment when maintenance.
Section 4 Circuit Descriptions
This section describes the circuit descriptions of main boards.
Section 1 Spare Parts
This section describes the spare parts.
Section 2 Semiconductor Pin Assignments
This section describes the pin assignments of semiconductors.
Section 3 Block Diagrams
This section describes the overall block diagram and main board block diagrams.
Section 4 Schematic Diagrams
This section describes the schematic diagrams for circuit boards and frame wiring.
Section 5 Board Layouts
This section describes the board layout for circuit boards.
Maintenane Manual
Volume 1
Maintenane Manual
Volume 2

4 (E) MAV-70
Related manuals Besides this maintenance manual, the following manuals are available for the MAV-
70.
.MAV-70 Operation Manual (Supplied with MAV-70)
This manual describes the operation and function of the MAV-70.
.MAV-70 Installation Manual (Supplied with MAV-70)
This manual describes information regarding the installation of the MAV-70 and
optional power supply unit BKMA-PS70.
.BKMA-7010 Installation Manual (Supplied with BKMA-7010)
This manual describes information regarding the installation of the optional board
BKMA-7010.
.BKMA-7020/7050 Installation Manual (Supplied with BKMA-7020)
This manual describes information regarding the installation of the optional board
BKMA-7020 and BKMA-7050.
.BKMA-7030/7060 Installation Manual (Supplied with BKMA-7030)
This manual describes information regarding the installation of the optional board
BKMA-7030 and BKMA-7060.
.BKMA-7040 Installation Manual (Supplied with BKMA-7040)
This manual describes information regarding the installation of the optional board
BKMA-7040.
Trademarks
.Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation.
.Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
.IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machine Inc.

1-1 (E)
MAV-70
1-1. Factory-Setting Menu
This section describes the factory-setting menu. The factory-setting menu contains the items below.
.LCD pixel check screen
.HDD aging screen
LCD pixel check
1. Turn on the power while pressing and holding the and buttons.
2. Select “Black” using and buttons and press the [ENTER] button.
All pixels on the LCD display then light.
3. After about ten seconds, the current screen automatically returns to the previous screen.
n
The current screen also returns to the previous screen using a [ENTER] button.
HDD aging
m
.The data recorded in HDD is erased when aging is performed.
.Normal operation may not be able to be carried out during aging.
1. Turn on the power while pressing and holding the and buttons.
2. Select “Aging” using and buttons and press the [ENTER] button.
Section 1
Diagnostics
manufacuturling use only.
>Cancel ** Caution! PRODUCTION MENU **
Black
Aging This Menu is intended for
manufacuturling use only.
>Cancel ** Caution! PRODUCTION MENU **
Black
Aging This Menu is intended for
set times [10]
Exit Drive Aging Check
>Times
Start
Abort Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-

1-2 (E) MAV-70
3. Select “Times” using
and
buttons, set the number of aging times using and buttons,
and press the [ENTER] button.
4. Select “Start” using
and
buttons and press the [ENTER] button to start the aging.
n
The internal temperature of the unit is displayed on the screen.
5. After operation is completed normally, the message below is displayed.
n
If aging fails, the corresponding HDD is displayed as “NG”.
n
To cancel the aging, select “Abort” using
and
buttons and press the [ENTER] button. To
restart it, select “Start” and press the [ENTER] button.
6. After aging is completed, turn off the power once.
set times [10]
Exit Drive Aging Check
>Times
Start
Abort Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
internal tmp 31.7 000%
Exit Drive Aging Check in Progress
Times
>Start
Abort -1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
internal tmp 31.7 100%
Exit Drive Aging Check Passed
Times
>Start
Abort OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
internal tmp 31.7 030%
Exit Drive Aging Check Rejected
Times
>Start
Abort OK OK NG Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
1-1. Factory-Setting Menu

1-3 (E)
MAV-70
1-2. RS-232C Connection
1-2. RS-232C Connection
Tool
Tera Term program (with macro function) is available for processing in Section 1-4 to 1-8.
Name Part number
MAV-70 Upgrade Program J-6450-330-A
Cable
Personal computer side
D-sub 9-pin, Male 1-560-651-00 (Connector)
1-561-749-00 (Juncton shell)
MAV-70 side
D-sub 9-pin, Female 1-562-565-00 (Connector)
1-561-749-00 (Juncton shell)
(D-sub 9-pin, female)(D-sub 9-pin, male)

RXD
TXD

GND




1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NC
RXD
TXD
NC
GND
NC
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.Connector on personal computer side .Connector on MAV-70 side

1-4 (E) MAV-70
COM1 RS-232C cable (9P-9P)
Personal computer
1-2. RS-232C Connection
Connection
Setting of communication protocol
Communication port COM1
Baud rate 38400 bps
Parity None
Flow control None
Stop bit length 1 bit
Data bit length 8 bit

1-5 (E)
MAV-70
1-3. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory
This section describes how to upload and download the contents of memories (IC406, IC407, IC414,
IC415, IC421, IC422, IC432 and IC433) on the SY-253 board.
n
For the display example in using a personal computer, this manual differentiates between the characters
displayed on the screen and the characters to be entered as shown below.
Font and style of letters Display example Reference for distinction
Times font UTY> Automatically displayed message by a program
Helvetica regular
SDC-UTY Characters to be entered
(Italic)
Symbols "Enter key
\Space equivalent to a character
Connection
The MAV-70 and personal computer are connected via Ethernet.
Personal Computer
Ethernet
MAV-70
1-3. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory

1-6 (E) MAV-70
C : ¥> ftp \xx.xx.xx.xx"
Connected to xx.xx.xx.xx
220 FTP server ready.
IP address
User (xx.xx.xx.xx) : wing " 
331 Password required.
Password :
mpegworld " 
230 User name accepted.
ftp>
get \_ FS "
200 OK.
150 ready to send file.
226 closing.
4194304 bytes received in 17.02 seconds
(246.43 Kbytes/ sec)
ftp> quit " 
221 Goodbye.
1-3. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory
Uploading (example)
n
The displays shown below are samples for your reference.
1. Log in the MAV-70 from personal computer. (Enter the IP address of the MAV-70.)
2. Enter the predetermined user ID and password.
3. Transfer a file from the MAV-70 to current directory of personal computer.
4. Log out.

1-7 (E)
MAV-70
Downloading (example)
n
The displays shown below are samples for your reference.
1. Log in the MAV-70 from personal computer. (Enter the IP address of the MAV-70.)
2. Enter the predetermined user ID and password.
3. Transfer a file from current directory of personal computer to the MAV-70.
4. Log out.
C : ¥> ftp \ xx.xx.xx.xx " 
Connected to xx.xx.xx.xx
220 FTP server ready.
User (xx.xx.xx.xx) : wing " 
331 Password required.
Password :
mpegworld " 
230 User name accepted.
ftp>
put \_ FS " 
200 OK.
150 ready to take file.
226 closing.
4194304 bytes sent in 17.02 seconds
(246.43 Kbytes/ sec)
ftp> quit " 
221 Goodbye.
1-3. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory

1-8 (E) MAV-70
Exit
>Param
EXT232C Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
Service : Board Slot 1 ENC
Exit
>Param
EXT232C Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- *8*
Service : Board Slot 8 PU
S3 Switch
1-4. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory (PU-102 Board)
1-4. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory (PU-102 Board)
This section describes how to upload and download the contents of memory (IC301) on the PU-102 board
using a macro function of Tera Term.
Preparation
1. Remove ornamental panel A. (Refer to Section 2-2-1.)
2. Open “Service: Board Slot n” screen from the menu.
(For more details of the operation, refer to the Operation Manual.)
3. Select “EXT232C” using the and buttons and then select “- 8 -” (PU-102 board) using the
and buttons.
4. Press the [ENTER] button.
5. Connect the MAV-70 to a personal computer and set the communication rate. (Refer to Section 1-2.)
6. Set the S3 switch on the front panel to INT.

1-9 (E)
MAV-70
1-4. Uploading and Downloading the Contents of Memory (PU-102 Board)
Uploading
1. Activate Tera Term.
2. Select “Control” _“Macro” from the top menu.
3. Activate a “Puget**.ttl” file.
4. Enter the file name.
(Example : “pudata.log”)
5. A confirmation message is displayed. The screen display stops when uploading is completed. Click
the [OK] button.
6. Terminate Tera Term.
Downloading
n
The error information of HDD has been written in this memory. This unit may not normally operate
when incorrect data is downloaded.
1. Activate Tera Term.
2. Select “Control” _“Macro” from the top menu.
3. Activate a “Puput**.ttl” file.
4. Enter the file name.
5. A confirmation message is displayed. The screen display stops when downloading is completed.
Click the [OK] button.
6. Terminate Tera Term.

1-10 (E) MAV-70
Exit
>Param
EXT232C Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
Service : Board Slot 1 ENC
Exit
>Param
EXT232C Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- *7*-8-
Service : Board Slot 7 SY DPC
1-5. Acquiring the Log
1-5. Acquiring the Log
This section describes how to acquire the log using a macro function of Tera Term.
n
Be sure to put the boards into the STOP state before acquiring the log on the ENC and DEC boards.
Preparation (For except DP-269 board)
1. Remove ornamental panel A. (Refer to Section 2-2-1)
2. Open “Service: Board Slot n” screen from the menu.
(For more details of the operation, refer to the Operation Manual.)
3. Select “EXT232C” using the and buttons and then select the board (slot No.) to be treated
using the and buttons. Press the [ENTER] button.
n
For SY-253 board, press the [ENTER] button several times and select the CPU to be used.
4. Connect the MAV-70 to a personal computer and set the communication rate. (Refer to Section 1-2.)
5. Set the S3 switch on the front panel to INT.
Preparation (For DP-269 board)
1. Remove ornamental panel A. (Refer to Section 2-2-1.)
2. Connect the MAV-70 to a personal computer and set the communication rate. (Refer to Section 1-2.)
3. Set the S3 switch on the front panel to EXT.

1-11 (E)
MAV-70
1-5. Acquiring the Log
Procedure
1. Activate Tera Term.
2. Select “Control” _“Macro” from the top menu.
3. Activate a “GetLog**.ttl” file.
4. A confirmation message is displayed. Click the [Yes] button.
(The screen image is an example of DPC CPU.)
5. A confirmation message is displayed. Click the [OK] button.
6. A termination message is displayed. Click the [OK] button.
7. Terminate Tera Term.

1-12 (E) MAV-70
Exit
>Param
EXT232C Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8-
Service : Board Slot 1 ENC
Exit
>Param
EXT232C Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy Rdy
-1- -2- -3- *4*-5- -6- -7- -8-
Service : Board Slot 4 DEC
1-6. Upgrading the ROM on Board
1-6. Upgrading the ROM on Board
This section described how to update the ROM on the board using a macro function of Tera Term.
The ROM to be upgraded is as shown below.
CPU name Board Ref. File name
MAIN SY-253 IC327, 340 SYM***.mot
DPC SY-253 SYD***.mot
FSE SY-253 SYF***.mot
CCM SY-253 SYC***.mot
DP DP-269 DP***.mot
PU PU-102 IC107, 112 PU***.mot
ENDEC ENC-51 (BKMA-7010) IC1306 ED***.mot
ENC ENC-47 (BKMA-7020) IC1306 ENC***.mot
DEC DEC-98 (BKMA-7030) IC1107 DEC***.mot
FC IF-677 (BKMA-7040) IC104, 105 FC***.mot
n
When downloading DPC CPU (SY-253 board) of a loop-connected extension unit, open “Service:
Config” screen from the menu of the extension unit and set “Single”.
After upgrading is completed, return the menu to the former setting.
Preparation (For except DP-269 board)
1. Remove ornamental panel A. (Refer to Section 2-2-1.)
2. Open “Service: Board Slot n” screen from the menu.
(For more details of the operation, refer to the Operation Manual.)
3. Select “EXT232C” using the
and
buttons and then select the board to be treated (slot No.)
using the
and
buttons. Press the [ENTER] button.
n
For SY-253 board, press the [ENTER] button several times and select the CPU to be used.
4. Connect the MAV-70 to a personal computer and set the communication rate. (Refer to Section 1-2.)
5. Set the S3 switch on the front panel to INT.
Preparation (For DP-269 board)
1. Remove ornamental panel A. (Refer to Section 2-2-1.)
2. Connect the MAV-70 to a personal computer and set the communication rate. (Refer to Section 1-2.)
3. Set the S3 switch on the front panel to EXT.