Tektronix 4405 User manual

TEK
USERS
MANUAL
First Printing APR 1986
Part No. 061-3216-00
Product Group 07
4405
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
SYSTEM
Please Check at the
Rear of this Manual
for NOTES and
CHANGE INFORMATION
COMMITTED TO EXCEU£NCE

Copyright 1986 by Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon. Printed in the
United States of America. All rights reserved. Contents of this publication
may not be reproduced in any form without permission of Tektronix, Inc.
This instrument, in whole or in part, may be protected by one or more U.S. or
foreign patents or patent applications. Information provided upon request by
Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, Oregon 97007.
TEKTRONIX is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc ..
UNIX is atrademark of Bell Laboratories.
TOPS-10, TOPS-20, VMS, and RSTS are trademarks of Digital Equipment
Corp.
Portions of this manual are reprinted with permission of the copyright
holder. Technical Systems Consultants, Inc., of Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
The operating system software copyright information is embedded in the
code.
It can be read via the "info" utility.
Smalltalk-80 is a trademark of Xerox Corp.
UniFLEX is a registered trademark of Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.
WARRANTY FOR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
Tektronix warrants that this software product will conform to the specifications set forth herein, when used properly in
the specified operating environment, for a period of three (3) months from the date of shipment, or if the program is
installed by Tektronix, for a period of three (3) months from the date of installation. If this software product does
not conform as warranted, Tektronix will provide the remedial services specified below. Tektronix does not
warrant that the functions contained in this software product will meet Customer's requirements or that operation of
this software product will be uninterrupted or error-free or that all errors will be corrected.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the
warranty period and make suitable arrangements for such service in accordance with the instructions received from
Tektronix. If Tektronix is unable, within a reasonable time after receipt of such notice, to provide the remedial services
specified below, Customer may terminate the license for the software product and return this software product and any
associated materials to Tektronix for credit or refund.
This warranty shall not apply to any software product that has been modified or altered by Customer. Tektronix shall not
be obligated to furnish service under this warranty with respect to any software product a) that is used in an operating
environment other than that specified or in a manner inconsistent with the Users Manual and documentation or b)
when the software product has been integrated with other software if the result of such integration increases the
time or difficulty of analyzing or servicing the software product or the problems ascribed to the software product.
TEKTRONIX DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO PROVIDE REMEDIAL SERVICE WHEN
SPECIFIED, REPLACE DEFECTIVE MEDIA OR REFUND CUSTOMER'S PAYMENT IS THE SOLE AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX WILL NOT
BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF
WHETHER TEKTRONIX HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
PLEASE FORWARD ALL MAIL TO:
Artificial Intelligence Machine
Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 1000 M.S. 60-405
Wilsonville, Oregon 97070
Attn: AIM Documentation

MANUAL REVISION STATUS
PRODUCT: 4405 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM
This manual supports the following versions of this product: Serial Numbers 8010100 and up.
REV DATE DESCRIPTION
APR 1986 Original Issue
4405 USERS

Table of Contents
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
ABOUTPRELIMINARYMANUALS ................................................................................... 1-1
ABOUT THIS MANUAL .................................. ... ........................................................ ... ....... 1-1
YOUR QUALIFICATIONS .................................................................................................. 1-1
UNPACKINGTHE4405 ........................................................................................................ 1-2
OVERVIEWOFTHE4405 .................................................................................................... 1-2
GENERALINFORMATION ................................................................................................ 1-2
4405HARDWAREOVERVIEW ......................................................................................... 1-3
The 4405 Display/CPU ........................................................................................................ 1-3
The 4405 Keyboard ............................................................................................................. 1-7
The 4405 Mouse .. ........................................... ... .................................................................. 1-7
THE 4405 STANDARD MASS STORAGE UNIT .. ............................................................ 1-8
4405 STANDARD AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE ............................................................ 1-11
STANDARDSOFTWARE ................................................................................................. 1-11
Smalltalk-80 ....................................................................................................................... 1-11
The 4405 Operating System .............................................................................................. 1-11
4405 OPI'IONS ..................................................................................................................... 1-12
Additional 2 MB Physical Memory .............................
... .......... ... ........................................ 1-12
Additional 4 MB Pllysical Memory ..................................................................................... 1-12
ETHERNET® Interface ...................................................
:.................................................. 1-12
Franz LISP ........................................................................................................................... 1-12
Common LISP
.. ... ..................... ... ........ ... ............................................................................. 1-12
PROLOG ............................................................................................................................. 1-12
EMACS ................................................................................................................................ 1-13
OtherOptions ....................................................................................................................... 1-13
Mass Storage Expansion ...................................................................................................... 1-13
4405 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................... 1-13
STANDARD DOCUMENTATION .................................................................................... 1-13
The 4405 User's Manual (This Book) ............................................................................... 1-13
AnIntroduction to the Smalltalk-80 System ..................................................................... 1-13
The 4400 Series Operating System Reference
Manual.. ................................................... 1-14
4400 Series Assembly Language Reference ........................... ... ........................................ 1-14
4400 Series 'c'Language Reference ................................................................................ 1-14
OOCUMENTATIONOFOPI'IONS .................................................................................. 1-14
OPTIONAL DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................... 1-14
Smalltalk-80 Documentation .............................................................................................. 1-14
Service Documentation ...................................................................................................... 1-15
The 4405 Field Service Manual ....................................................................................... 1-15
The 4405 Component-Level Service Manual .................................................................. 1-15
SECTION 2 THE FIRST TIME
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2-1
COMMENTED TRANSCRIPT OF SESSION .. ..................................................................... 2-1
TURN ONTHE 4405 .. .......................................................................................................... 2-1
FII...ES AND DIRECTORIES ................................................................................................ 2-2
MOVING AROUND IN THE DIRECTORY ....................................................................... 2-4
SOME sheU FEATURES ...................................................................................................... 2-5
history .................................................................................................................................. 2-5
Command Line Editing ....................................................................................................... 2-7
Table of Contents-l

The shell Environment ........................................................................................................ 2-9
Environment Variables ...................................................................................................... 2-9
Aliases .............................................................................................................................. 2-10
Saving Definitions ............................................................................................................. 2-11
CONTROLLING THE TERMINAL EMULATOR ........................................................... 2-12
ANSI Commands ............................................................................................................... 2-12
Other Terminal Attributes ................................................................................................. 2-12
RS-232 Terminal Emulation .............................................................................................. 2-12
ENDING THE SESSION .................................................................................................... 2-13
SECTION 3 USING THE 4405
INTRODUcrION ................................................................................................................... 3-1
POWER ON AND SYSTEM BOOT .................................................................................... 3-1
POWER-UP SELF-TEST AND BOOT .............................................................................. 3-1
BOOTING THE SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 3-1
THE LOGIN PROCESS ........................................................................................................ 3-2
CHECKING THE PASSWORD FILE ................................................................................ 3-2
USER INITIALIZATION ................................................................................................... 3-2
SETTING PASSWORDS .................................................................................................... 3-2
STOPPING THE SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 3-2
STOP .................................................................................................................................... 3-3
POWER OFF ....................................................................................................................... 3-3
THE OPERATING SYSTEM AND UTILITIES .................................................................. 3-3
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 3-3
COMMANDS AND COMMAND SYNTAX ..................................................................... 3-4
Options ............................................................................................................................... 3-4
Arguments and Parameters ................................................................................................ 3-4
Options That Take Arguments .......................................................................................... 3-5
MANUAL SYNTAX CONVENTIONS ............................................................................. 3-5
FILE STRUCfURE ............................................................................................................ 3-5
Directory Contents
;-; dir ... ............................................................................................. 3-6
Moving Around The Directory Tree .................................................................................. 3-6
Adding and Removing Files .............................................................................................. 3-7
\VII...D CARD EXPANSION ............................................................................................... 3-7
MULTI-TASKING .............................................................................................................. 3-7
USER COMMANDS BY FUNCfION ................................................................................. 3-7
FILE MANIPULATION ..................................................................................................... 3-7
copy .................................................................................................................................... 3-7
create .................................................................................................................................. 3-8
edit ..................................................................................................................................... 3-8
link ..................................................................................................................................... 3-8
list ...................................................................................................................................... 3-8
move .................................................................................................................................. 3-8
remove ............................................................................................................................... 3-8
rename ................................................................................................................................ 3-8
FILE PROCESSING ........................................................................................................... 3-8
compare .............................................................................................................................. 3-8
dump .................................................................................................................................. 3-8
filetype ............................................................................................................................... 3-8
find ............................ ~ ........................................................................................................ 3-8
Table of Contents-2

info ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9
touch .................................................................................................................................. 3-9
tail ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9
DIRECTORY MANIPULATION ...........................................................................
... ....... 3-9
chd ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9
crdir .................................................................................................................................... 3-9
dir ....................................................................................................................................... 3-9
path .................................................................................................................................... 3-9
SYSTEM ACCESS AND STATUS
.. .................................................................................. 3-9
date ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9
dperm ................................................................................................................................. 3-9
exit ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9
help .................................................................................................................................. 3-10
login ................................................................................................................................. 3-10
owner ............................................................................................................................... 3-10
password .......................................................................................................................... 3-10
perms ................................................................................................................................ 3-10
status ................................................................................................................................ 3-10
stop ................................................................................................................................... 3-10
DISK MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 3-10
backup .............................................................................................................................. 3-10
diskrepair ......................................................................................................................... 3-10
format ............................................................................................................................... 3-10
free ................................................................................................................................... 3-11
restore .............................................................................................................................. 3-11
COMMAND EXECUTION .............................................................................................. 3-11
echo .................................................................................................................................. 3-11
int ..................................................................................................................................... 3-11
jobs ................................................................................................................................... 3-11
script ................................................................................................................................ 3-11
shell .................................................................................................................................. 3-11
wait .................................................................................................................................. 3-11
COMMUNICATIONS ...................................................................................................... 3-11
commset ........................................................................................................................... 3-11
conset ............................................................................................................................... 3-11
remote .............................................................................................................................. 3-12
PROORAM DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................... 3-12
asm ................................................................................................................................... 3-12
cc ...................................................................................................................................... 3-12
debug ................................................................................................................................ 3-12
headset ............................................................................................................................. 3-12
libgen ............................................................................................................................... 3-12
libinfo ............................................................................................................................... 3-12
load .................................................................................................................................. 3-12
sma11talk ........................................................................................................................... 3-12
strip .................................................................................................................................. 3-12
relinfo ............................................................................................................................... 3-12
update ............................................................................................................................... 3-13
SECTION 4 SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
Table of Contents-3

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4-1
THEFACTORYCONFIGURATION .................................................................................. 4-1
USERpublic ........................................................................................................................ 4-2
File Protection and Ownership .......................................................................................... 4-2
Passwords .......................................................................................................................... 4-2
Backing up UserFiles ........................................................................................................ 4-2
A Suggestion ...................................................................................................................... 4-3
RESPONSIBILITIES OF USER system ............................................................................ 4-4
BACKING UP
THE SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 4-5
Performing a system Backup .......................................................................................... 4-5
ADDING AND DELETING USERS .................................................................................. 4-5
INSTALLING SOFTWARE
ON THE 4405 ....................................................................... 4-6
ERROR RECOVERY AND SYSTEM REBUILDING ...................................................... 4-7
SECTION 5 RECOVERY AND REBllLD
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5-1
PROBLEMS ............................. ... .......................................................................................... 5-1
REBUILDING ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................ 5-1
YOUR BACKUP DISKETTES ............................................................................................. 5-1
YourSYSREFORMAT Disk .............................................................................................. 5-2
Types
of Hard Disk Reformatting Utilities ....................................................................... 5-2
Virtual Memory And Swap Space ..................................................................................... 5-3
Names
Of Reformatting Utilities ....................................................................................... 5-3
System Rebuilding Utilities ............................................................................................... 5-3
Your
SYSINST ALL Disk .................................................................................................... 5-4
YourDISKREPAIR Disk ....................................................
00 ............................................. 5-4
Your Standard System Diskettes ......................................................................................... 5-5
SOFTWARE FIRST AID ........................................................................................................ 5-6
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE .................................................................................................. 5-6
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM REPAIRS ..................................................................................... 5-6
REMOVING A FORGOTTEN system PASSWORD .......................................................... 5-6
RESTORING A USER'S FILES ........................................................................................... 5-6
RESTORING FILES ON A BOOTABLE SYSTEM ............................................................ 5-7
WHENTHE SYSTEM WILL NOT BOOT ,,,"',,.................................................................. 5-7
RECOVERING AN UNBOOTABLE SYSTEM .................................................................. 5-7
NON-DESTRUCTIVE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE ................................................ 5-9
OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 5-9
STEP 1DISKREPAIR ..................................................................................................... 5-11
A - Boot the DISKREPAIR Diskette ........................................................................... 5-11
B - Mount me Hard Disk ............................................................................................... 5-13
C - Run diskrepair ........................................................................................................ 5-13
D - Inspect Your Hard Disk Files ................................................................................. 5-13
E - Unmount the Hard Disk and Stop me System ........................................................ 5-15
STEP 2. COpy THE OPERATING SYSTEM FILE STRUCTURE .............................. 5-15
STEP 3. RESTORE THE SYSTEM FILES. .. .................................................................. 5-15
STEP 4. RESTORE THE PASSWORD FILE ................................................................. 5-18
COMPLETE SYSTEM REBUILD PROCEDURE .............................................................. 5-19
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 5-19
STEP 1- FORMAT THE WINCHESTER WITH SYSREFORMAT ........................... 5-20
A - Boot the SYSREFORMAT Diskette ...................................................................... 5-21
Table of Contents-4

B - Fonnat th.e Hard Disk .............................................................................................. 5-21
Logical Fonnat .............................................................................................................. 5-21
Physical Fonnat ............................................................................................................. 5-21
STEP 2 - RESTORE THE SYSTEM WITH THE SYSINSTALL DISK ...................... 5-22
A - Boot
th.e SYSINSTALL Disk ................................................................................. 5-22
B - Restore Files from Your System Backups .............................................................. 5-22
C - Stop me System and Reboot ................................................................................... 5-22
STEP 3 - RESTORE USER'S FII.,ES ............................................................................. 5-23
4405 SELFI'EST ................................................................................................................... 5-23
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 5-23
RUNNING SELF TEST ...................................................................................................... 5-23
Key
f1 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24
Key f2 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24
Key
f3 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24
Key f9 .............................................................................................................................. 5-24
Key flO ............................................................................................................................ 5-24
Key
f11 ............................................................................................................................ 5-24
Key f12 ............................................................................................................................ 5-25
FINDING INTERMITTENT ERRORS ............................................................................ 5-25
Invoking Continuous selftest ........................................................................................... 5-25
Appendix A UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................... A-I
SELECTING A SITE ............................................................................................................. A-I
UNPACKING ......................................................................................................................... A-2
UNPACK THE MSU ............................................................................................................ A-2
UNPACK THE DISPLAY/CPU ........................................................................................... A-2
CHECK THE ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................ A-2
ASSEMBLE THE MOUSE .................................................................................................. A-3
CONNECTTHE CABLES .................................................................................................. A-3
READ SECI'ION 1 ................................................................................................................. A-4
Appendix B CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
GENERAL CLEANING ......................................................................................................... B-1
CLEANINGTHE MOUSE ..................................................................................................... B-1
CLEANING SPILLS ONTHE KEYBOARD ........................................................................ B-1
Appendix C Options
Appendix D CONNECTING PERIPHERALS
INTRODUCI'ION .................................................................................................................. D-1
THE SCSI BUS .................................................................................................................... D-l
LOCATION ........................................................................................................................ D-l
SOFTWARE ACCESS ....................................................................................................... D-l
THE RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS PORT ........................................................................ D-2
LOCATION ........................................................................................................................ D-2
SOFTWARE CONTROL ................................................................................................... D-2
THE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT ...................................................................................... D-2
LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... D-2
SOFTWARE ACCESS ......................................................................................................... D-2
Table of Contents-5

THE Ex:rERNAL SPEAKER JACK ..................................................................................... D-2
LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... D-2
SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... D-3
SOFfW ARE ACCESS ......................................................................................................... D-3
THE ETHERNET INTERFACE ............................................................................................ D-3
Appendix E SPECIFICATIONS
Figures
1-1. 640 X 480 Window Into 1376 X 1024 Bit-Map. ............................................................. 1-3
1-2. Display/CPU FrontPanel Controls.. ................................................................................ 1-5
1-3. Display/CPU RearPanel. ................................................................................................. 1-5
1-4. The 4405 Keyboard.. ........................................................................................................ 1-7
1-5. The 4405 Mouse.. ............................................................................................................. 1-8
1-6. Front
of MSU.. ................................................................................................................. 1-9
1-8. SCSI Terminator. ........................................................................................................... 1-11
5-1. Non-Destructive System Rebuild Procedure.. .................................................................. 5-9
5-2. Step
1. Using (BIDISKREPAIRP. ................................................................................ 5-11
5-3. Step 3. Restore Files. ..................................................................................................... 5-15
Examples
5-1. Minimum Bootable System. ........................................................................................... 5-14
Tables
2-1 Moving Commands ................................................. ... ....................................................... 2-8
2-2 Deleting Commands ................................................
... .......... ... .......................................... 2-9
E-l CPU/DISPLAY UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ........................................................ E-1
E-2 MASS STORAGE UNIT PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ................................................... E-1
E-3 CPU/DISPLAY ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................... E-2
E-4 MASS STORAGE UNIT ELECTRICAL SPECIFICAITONS ....................................... E-2
E-5 CPUiDISPLAY ENVIRONMENIAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................ E-3
E-6 MASS STORAGE UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................. E-4
E-7 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. E-5
E-8 GRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................. E-5
Table ofContents-6

Section 1
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT PRELIMINARY MANUALS
Some of the 4400 Series manuals are preliminary. They are as complete and accurate as they can
be, given the lead time required for writing and printing. Some
of the information given in
preliminary manuals may be inaccurate
or missing.
We
of AIM Documentation want each customer to receive complete, final manuals as soon as
possible. In order that you not be missed (sometimes addresses get lost or are unavailable) please
fill out and return the enclosed, postage-free, card.
Of course, we would appreciate any
comments you can make to help us make the documentation for this system better. (We also like
praise, too,
if we've done something right.) If the card is missing, or if you have more comments
to send at a later time, send them
to:
Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 1000
Wilsonville, OR 97070
D.S.60-405
Attention: AIM Documentation
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This is the introductory manual to the 4405 Artificial Intelligence System. (We call it the 4405
from here on.) You should read this manual before attempting to use your new 4405 -it
contains useful information that can help you get the most out
of the 4405. You'll find
instructions on how to unpack and connect the system, a guided tour
of the first time you tum it
on, a discussion on how to work with the system on a day-by-day basis, suggestions for working
with more than one user on the system, and some ways to recover from the inevitable errors to
which humans are prone.
YOUR QUALIFICATIONS
This manual is not a tutorial document. Although we've tried to keep this manual clear and
simple, it assumes that you're an experienced computer user. You need not have systems
programming experience, or
be a "Wizard," but you should be past the neophyte stage on a large
computer operating system. You should be comfortable with a hierarchical or tree-structured
filing system, know how to issue commands and run applications, and, in general, be a
"knowledgeable user."
If you're comfortable with an operating system such as Unix®, TOPS-IO/20®, VMS®, RSTS®,
or any of the other multi-user operating systems that abound, you should have little trouble
adapting to the 4405 operating system.
If you are not, you should take a course, read through one
of the many tutorials, or find a knowledgeable person to help you adjust to the 4405. If you must
search out tutorial information on your own, look for tutorials on the Unix operating system. The
4405 operating system is not Unix, but the structure and philosophy behind it is not too
dissimilar, and tutorial information explaining the Unix operating system is readily available.
4405 USERS
1-1

INTRODUCTION
UNPACKING THE 4405
If you've just purchased your 4405 -congratulations! You'l1 want to get it put together and
running
as soon as possible. First, don't discard your shipping cartons. If you everwant to move
your 4405 any distance, you should use these containers. Exercise patience, follow instructions,
and you should have
no trouble bringing the system up for the first time.
To save time and trouble, follow this sequence:
1. Skim overthis procedure to get a feel for the sequence.
2. Tum to Appendix A and follow those instructions. This appendix shows you, in detail,
how to unpack and connect the pieces that form the 4405.
3. Come back to this point and read the rest of Section 1, the introduction. You need to get an
overview
of the 4405 before trying to use it.
4. Read Section
2, The First Time User next. Follow the examples on your 4405. This
section takes you through an initial introduction to the 4405 operating system and shows
you a few
of its many features.
5. Next read through Section 3, Using the 4405. This section talks about normal, day-to-day
use
of the 4405. You'll want to experiment with the system -you shouldn't have any
trouble at this point.
6. Read Section 4, Software Maintenance, to get an idea of the maintenance tasks you'll have
to deal with.
If more than one user will be using the 4405, one person should be
responsible for these tasks.
7. Section 5, Recovery and Rebuild, is the section we all hope to avoid. If you must, you can
find system rebuilding procedures here.
OVERVIEW OF THE 4405
GENERAL INFORMATION
The 4405 is a single-user computer system that has been designed for the efficient development
and use
of artificial intelligence (AI) applications. (Single-user means that, although the 4405
can have many separate user accounts, it is not a time-sharing system; only one user may be
logged in at a time.) The 4405 can be used both
as a stand-alone applications development
system and
as a terminal connected to a host computer.
As an applications development system, the 4405 provides a programming environment for the
Smalltalk-80 system, LISP, and PROLOG. These languages run under the 4405's multi-tasking
operating system. The 4405 also has a hierarchical file system, complete with various graphics
and mathematics libraries to assist with program development. In addition, the 4405 contains a
'c' programming environment that allows porting of many applications programs to it.
As a terminal, the 4405 easily interfaces, via a RS-232-C line, to various computers in use by the
AI community. The 4405 functions as an ANSI X3.64 compatible terminal with some extensions
to allow it to work with most popular screen-oriented editors.
1-2

INTRODUCTION
4405 HARDWARE OVERVIEW
The 4405 consists of two major components, the Display/CPU module and mass storage unit
(MSU). These, in addition to a keyboard and mouse, make up the basic 4405. The following
discussion examines each component in detail.
The 4405 Display/CPU
The Display/CPU is the heart of the 4405 system. Although it is no larger than the display
cabinet
of a conventional terminal, it contains a monochrome 640 X 480 pixel bit-map display,
the central processing unit, one megabyte (standard, two
or four additional megabytes available
as options) of fast semiconductor memory, and the interface electronics that allow the 4405 to
communicate with the outside world.
Connected to the rear
of the Display/CPU unit are the power cord, mass storage unit, keyboard,
and mouse. There, we also find a volume control for the internal speaker, an audio connector for
an external speaker, a parallel printer port, the RS-232 port, the ethernet connector, and a reset
button.
The 4405 uses a monochrome 640 X 480 pixel display
as a window into a 1376 X 1024 bit-map.
The 4405's electronics allow smooth panning
of the 640 X 480 window over the virtual display
under control
of the operating system.
Figure
1-1 shows how the 640 X 480 pixel display relates to the 1376 X 1024 bit-map.
4405 USERS
1-3

INTRODUCTION
(0,0) (639,0) (1375,0)
~--------------~-----------------+~
This is the default
screen position.
(0,479) t-+-+l~~~~~~
1376x1024
... ------ VIRTUAL DISPLAY
BIT-MAP
AREA SEEN BY DISPLAY
(PANNED FROM
DEFAULT POSITION)
(0,1023)
1-4
640x480
Physical Display
j:==640 Pixel.~
Figure 1-1.640 X 480 Window Into 1376 X 1024 Bit-Map.
480
Pixels
5603-2A

iNTRODUCTION
Figure 1-2 shows the front of the Display/CPU unit. Two controls are located at the front of the
unit: the brightness control and the power switch. Figure 1-3 shows the rear panel controls and
connectors on the Display/CPU.
4405 USERS
POWER
SWITCH
BRIGHTNESS
KNOB
Figure 1-2. Display/CPU Front Panel Controls.
5931-2
1-5

INTRODUCTION
CORD
SCSI
CONNECTOR
PARALLEL
PRINTER
CONNECTOR
RS-232
CONNECTOR
1-6
ETHERNET
CONNECTOR
Figure 1-3. Display/CPU Rear Panel.
KEYBOARD
CONNECTOR
VOLUME
CONTROL
MOUSE
CONNECTOR
RESET
BUTTON
AUDIO
OUTPUT
CONNECTOR
5931-3

INTRODUCTION
The 4405 Keyboard
Figure 1-4 shows the 4405 keyboard. This keyboard is similar to that used by the Tektronix 4100
Series tenninals. The joydisk, function keys, numeric pad, and keyboard keys are all accessible
to the 4405 software. The only unfamiliar key is the up-arrowlleft-arrow key used in Smalltalk
programming.
Figure 1-4. The 4405 Keyboard.
The 4405 Mouse
The 4405 mouse, shown in Figure 1-5 is the primary pointing device used with Smalltalk-80.
The mouse consists of a rubber coated steel ball (to detect mouse movement over a surface) and
three buttons. To use the mouse, place it on a clean surface and guide
it with one hand. Use your
fingers to press the mouse buttons. The mouse connector plugs into the back
of the 4405
Display/CPU unit near the keyboard connector.
4405 USERS
1-7

INTRODUCTION
5931-4
Figure 1-5. The 4405 Mouse.
THE 4405 STANDARD MASS STORAGE UNIT
Figures 1-6 and 1-7 show the front and rear of the standard 4405 mass storage unit (MSU).
Figure 1-8 shows the SCSI terminator. The front panel of the MSU contains the winchester disk
activity light and flexible disk drive activity light to show when these drives are in use. The rear
of the MSU contains the power cord, the SCSI connector and terminator. The only controls used
on the MSU are the powerswitch and the doorhandle of the flexible disk drive.
1-8

REMOTE
POWER CONTROL
CONNECTOR
(NOT USED)
POWER CORD
CONNECTOR
Figure 1-6. Front of MSU.
FUSE
SCSI
CONNECTORS
Figure 1-7. Rear of MSU.
INTRODUCTION
LINE VOLTAGE
INDICATOR
4405 USERS 1-9
5603-8

INTRODUCTION
Figure 1-8. SCSI Terminator.
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INTRODUCTION
4405 STANDARD AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE
STANDARD SOFTWARE
Smalltal k-80
The standard programming language for the 4405 is Smalltalk-80, version 2, developed by Xerox
corporation. Smalltalk-80 is a object-oriented, general-purpose programming language that
makes extensive use
of the 4405 bit-mapped screen and mouse. A full description of the
Tektronix implementation
of Smalltalk-80 is given in the companion manual An Introduction to
the Smalltalk-80 System.
The 4405 Operating System
The 4405 contains a small, robust operating system, based on UniFLEX@, by Technical Systems
Consultants, Inc. The operating system gives one user at a time access to the 4405's resources.
The operating system gives you these features:
• Single-user operation
• Multiple user accounts (with password protection)
• A hierarchical, tree-structured file system
• Multi-tasking
• An interactive shell featuring command aliasing, history, shell variables, definable search
path, and command line editing
• Command file (script) execution
• User (public) and system utilities
• A relocating assembler and linking loader
• A 'c'compiler and libraries that include standard 'c'functions and a graphics library that
gives access to the 4405's hardware resources
• A symbolic debugging tool for 'c'and assembly language programs
• An ANSI X3.64 terminal emulator, available both to the 4405 operating system and to an
external host via a RS-232-C connection
• A line and content oriented text editor
• Printer support
• Remote file transfer and host communications
4405 USERS
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