Tektronix 067 -0794-00 User manual

Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, Oregon 97077
070-2343-00
TEKTRONI»
067 -0794-00
ROMULAN LOADER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
First Printing MAY 1977

Copyright© 1977 by Tektronix, Inc. Beaverton, Oregon. Printed
in the United States of America. All rights reserved. Contents
of
this publication may not be reproduced in any form without
permission of Tektronix, Inc.
This instrument, in whole or in part, may be protected by one or
more U.S. or foreign patents or patent applications. Information
provided on request by Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton,
Oregon 97077.
TEKTRONIX is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.

This manual supports the following versions of this product: 067-0794-00 with 670-4173-00/01
MANUAL REVISION STATUS
REV.
DATE
DESCRIPTION
@ 5/77
Original Issue
-
067-0794-00 ROMULAN
@

Section 1
CONTENTS
OPERATION Page
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Loading a Program With Romulan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Programmed Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Romulan IPL Bootstrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
MKPHT· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Starting MKPHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Processor Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Memory Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Error Codes ( 1-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Locating a Faulty Chip (Error Code 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
HexpanelTest ................................... 1-12
Keyboard Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
WARNING I
The remaining portion of this Table of Contents lists servicing instructions thatexpose
personnel to hazardous voltages. These instructions
are for qualifiedservice personnel
only.
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
INSTALLATION
Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
THEORY OF OPERATION
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Romulan Circuit Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
REPLACEABLE PARTS
SCHEMATIC
CHANGE INFORMATION
Table
1-1
Figure
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
067-0794-00 ROMULAN
TABLES
Description Page
Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
ILLUSTRATIONS
Description
The Romulan Card
Romulan Address Switches .......................... .
ASCII Code Chart With Hexadecimal Equivalents ......... .
Hexpanel Display Indicators for Faulty Chip Location ..... .
Memory Card Bit Locations ......................... .
Hexpanel Display of Function Keys During Keyboard Test
Romulan Component Locations
@
Page
Frontis
1-2
1-7
1-9
1-10
1-13
ii

Fig. 1-1. The Romulan Card.
iii @ 067-0794-00 ROMULAN

Section 1
OPERATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
The 067-0794-00 Romulan Loader card (Fig. 1-1) is a special purpose circuit card that plugs
into the card cabinet of the 4081 Graphic System; it loads programs or data into the 4081
System's Memory. Romulan is equipped with four sockets for mounting Programmable Read-
Only Memory (PROM) devices which permanently store the program to be loaded.
Two PROMs are furnished with the Romulan card. The IPL (Initial Program Load) PROM
contains.a bootstrap program which, when started, locates the 4081's main program
(operating system) wherever it resides in disc memory, and loads it into the 4081 's Memory.
The other PROM contains MKPHT -Memory, Keyboard, Processor, and Hexpanel Test-a
diagnostic program which tests the basic 4081 System, except for the Display Controller,
Communications Interface, and the Cartridge Tape Unit. MKPHT sequentially exercises the
Memory, the Keyboard, the Processor, and the 067-0772-00 Hexadecimal Display Panel
(Hexpanel). Itis asophisticated program which should generally be operated only bysomeone
familiarwith theSystem and its theory ofoperation. The Hexpanel is used to diagnose memory
problems.
The Romulan card mayalso be used with custom-programmed PROMs. The card, as shown in
Fig. 1-1, has four sockets for PROMs, labelled U351, U151, U131, and U331.
Referringagain to Fig. 1-1, noticethatthereare 13 slideswitches at the leftside of the Romulan
card as it is viewed in the illustration. The bottom one is the Load/Start switch, which is
normally left in the up (Load) position. When Load/Start is in the Start position, Romulan is
effectively removed from the system.
067-0794-00 ROMULAN @
1-1

OPERATION
1-2
The other 12 slide switches are Address Switches. They are set to manually address a PROM
plugged
into one of the four sockets on the Romulan card. As indicated in Fig. 1-2, a switch in
the left position enters a "O" character in the address, and in the right position it enters a "1 ".
Starting addresses (digits enclosed in quotesand preceded by "X" are hexadecimal notation)
of the PROM sockets are as follows:
U351 is X'OOO' (Switches set to 0000 0000 0000)
U151 is X'400' (Switches set
to 0100 0000 0000)
U131 is X'800' (Switches set
to 1000 0000 0000)
U331 is
X'COO' (Switches set to 1100 0000 0000)
~-- Front of 4081 Cardcage
0~1
.LOAD
DSTART
Address Switches
Address Switches Set to X'400'
LOAD/ST ART Switch Set to LOAD
Fig. 1-2. Romulan Address Switches.
@
2343-2
067-0794-00 ROMULAN

OPERATION
Loading A Program with Romulan
There are several methods for loading a program that is stored in Romulan into the System's
Main Memory. After the program is loaded, the
4081 begins executing the program. Steps A
and B
of the first method (INIT) are common to all methods.
1. INIT Button.
A. With the Romulan card plugged into the 4081, set the Address switches on Romulan to the
starting address
of the IPL PROM. For example, if IPL is plugged into the U151 socket, the
switches should be exactly as shown in Fig. 1-2, to address X'400'.
B. Check that the Load/Start switch on Romulan is set to Load.
C. Press the INIT button on the Hexpanel's keyboard. The IPL Software will load from disc
into Memory.
2. Warm Start.
A. Check that the WARM START strap on the Keyboard Controller is set to IN.
B. Simultaneously press the SHIFT and RESET keys on the 4081 keyboard.
3. Without Hexpanel.
A. Mount any tape in the Cartridge Tape Unit.
B. Push the IPL button on the Cartridge Tape Unit.
C. The tape will rewind to the load point, run forward a short distance, and stop briefly.
Remove the tape from the unit, and the System will load from disc.
4. Power Up Load.
If the Power-Up switch on the Tape Interface card is on (down position), the loading
sequence will automaticallystartwhen the 4081 's Powerswtich is turned on. There must be
a tape in the CartridgeTape Unit for the loading process to complete itself. Wait for thetape
to rewind, move forward, and stop briefly. Then remove the tape from the drive, and the
operating system will load from disc.
NOTE
Power-Up Bootstrap loading will not work from a hard disc if the hard disc is not
ready (up to speed) at the moment the 4081 's power is turned on.
067-0794-00 ROMULAN
@ 1-3

OPERATION
1-4
PROGRAMMED OPERATION
A program running on the 4081 may access data or a subroutine stored in a PROM on the
Romulan card. The program first must send the starting 12-bit PROM address to Romulan. A
Write Halfword instruction sent to device X'05' (Romulan) sets the starting address (12 least-
significant bits of the data halfword). Subsequent Read Data instructions (or a Read Block
instruction) retrieves the data from sequential locations in the 1024-byte PROM. Starting
addresses related
to PROM locations in the Romulan sockets are discussed under "General
Information "earlier in thissection. TheAddressswitchesare not used for program operation,
but the Load/Start switch must be in the Load (up) position. A Sense Status instruction will
normally result in astatus byte with all bits reset. Ifthedevice is not installed, or the Load/Start
switch is in Start position, the Examine bit of the status byte will be set. Other common
input/output instructions (e.g., Output Command) have no effect on Romulan. Interrupt-
driven operations are not possible with Romulan. Refer to the Plot 80: Assembly Language
Programming Manual for general 4081 programming information.
ROMULAN IPL BOOTSTRAP
The IPL Bootstrap program is approximately 800 bytes in length, and is contained on one
PROM.
To run the program, Romulan must be installed in the 4081 card cabinet. Start the IPL
Bootstrap program by following the procedure described under "Loading A Program With
Romulan". As soon as this is done, the Bootstrap program begins its search for a file titled
???IPL.SYS (the question marks represent
any characters describing the operating system in
use-for example, GOS or IGT). The Bootstrapfirstsearches hard disc locations DKO through
DK?, then runs through floppy disc locations FOO through FD3. Each device's primary
directory is searched for a file bearing the proper name. When ???IPL.SYS is located, the
Bootstrap loads it into Memory, ???IPL.SYS then becomes the 4081's operating system.
Ifa device is unavailable, or thefile cannot befound, the nextdevice in sequence is searched. If
the file can't be found on any of the devices, or if there is an error on all devices, the keyboard
lights are lighted and the program loops. Ifthe proper media is mounted and INIT is pressed
again at this point, a valid program load
should result. If a hard disc is used, wait for its Ready
light to go on before attempting to use the IPL Bootstrap.
@ 067-0794-00 ROMULAN