Tennant 8400D User manual

8400D
MM312
Operator Manual

This manual is furnished with each new TENNANT Model 8400D. It provides necessary operating and
preventive maintenance instructions. Read this manual completely and understand the machine before
operating or servicing it.
This machine will provide excellent service. However, the best results will be obtained at minimum
costs if:
 The machine is operated with reasonable care.
 The machine is maintained regularly – per the maintenance instructions provided.
 The machine is maintained with TENNANT supplied or approved parts.
Manual Number – MM312
Revision: 02
Published: 4–96
Copyright 1994, 1996 TENNANT, Printed in U.S.A.

CONTENTS
1
8400DMM312 (4--96)
CONTENTS
Page
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS3.................
OPERATION7............................
OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY7.........
MACHINECOMPONENTS9.............
CONTROLPANELSYMBOLS10..........
CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS12......
OPERATIONOFCONTROLS13..........
DIRECTIONALPEDAL 13..............
BRAKE PEDAL 14....................
PARKINGBRAKE LEVER14...........
PARKINGBRAKE PEDAL 14...........
HAZARD LIGHTSWITCH (OPTION)15. .
OPERATINGLIGHTS SWITCH 15......
FILTERSHAKERSWITCH 15..........
HOPPER RAISE SWITCH 15...........
HOPPER DOORSWITCH 16...........
HOPPERLOWERSWITCH 16.........
SIDE BRUSHSWITCH 16..............
VACUUMFANSWITCH 16.............
MAINBRUSH NORMALSPEED
SWITCH 17........................
MAINBRUSHII SPEEDtSWITCH 17....
CHARGINGSYSTEMLIGHT17........
ENGINEOILPRESSURELIGHT18.....
ENGINEWATERTEMPERATURE
LIGHT18..........................
HOPPERTEMPERATURELIGHT--
THERMOSENTRYt18............
CLOGGEDFILTERLIGHT18..........
RECOVERYTANKFULL LIGHT19.....
FUEL LEVELGAUGE19...............
HOURMETER19.....................
EStSWITCH (OPTION)19............
DETERGENT FLOWSWITCH
(OPTION)20......................
EDGECLEANSWITCH 20.............
SCRUB BRUSHSWITCH 20...........
SQUEEGEE AND VACUUMFAN
SWITCH 21........................
STEERINGWHEEL 21................
HORN BUTTON22....................
IGNITIONSWITCH 22.................
TURN SIGNALSWITCH (OPTION)22...
STEERINGCOLUMNTILTLEVER23...
CIRCUITBREAKERS23...............
MAINBRUSH DOWNPRESSURE
KNOB24..........................
SCRUB BRUSH DOWNPRESSURE
KNOB24..........................
SIDE BRUSH DOWNPRESSURE
KNOB24..........................
SOLUTIONFLOWLEVER25...........
LATCHES 25.........................
THROTTLELEVER25.................
Page
FUSE 26.............................
OPERATORSEAT27..................
HOPPERSUPPORTBAR27...........
HOWTHEMACHINEWORKS 28..........
PRE-OPERATION CHECKLIST28.........
STARTINGTHEMACHINE31.............
SWEEPING, SCRUBBING, AND BRUSH
INFORMATION33....................
SWEEPING35..........................
STOP SWEEPING36....................
EMPTYINGTHEHOPPER37.............
FILLINGTHETANKS 38..................
SCRUBBING40.........................
DOUBLE SCRUBBING42.................
STOP SCRUBBING42...................
DRAININGAND CLEANINGTHETANKS 43
STOPTHEMACHINE45.................
POST-OPERATION CHECKLIST47........
ENGAGINGHOPPERSUPPORTBAR49. .
DISENGAGINGHOPPERSUPPORTBAR50
OPERATIONONINCLINES 51............
OPTIONS52............................
VACUUMWAND (WET)52.............
TIE-DOWNS55.......................
MACHINETROUBLESHOOTING56.......
MAINTENANCE58.........................
MAINTENANCECHART58...............
LUBRICATION60........................
ENGINE60...........................
REARWHEELSUPPORT60...........
FRONTWHEELBEARINGS61.........
HOPPERLIFT ARMPIVOTS61........
HOPPER DOORPIVOTS61...........
REARSQUEEGEE CASTERS61.......
HYDRAULICS62........................
HYDRAULICFLUID RESERVOIR62....
HYDRAULICFLUID62................
HYDRAULIC HOSES 63...............
PROPELLINGMOTOR63..............
ENGINE64.............................
COOLINGSYSTEM64................
AIRFILTERINDICATOR64............
AIRFILTER65........................
FUELFILTER66......................
FUEL LINES 66.......................
PRIMINGTHEFUELSYSTEM66....
BATTERY67............................
BELTS AND CHAINS68..................
ENGINE BELT68.....................
STATIC DRAGCHAIN68..............
DEBRISHOPPER69.....................
HOPPER DUST FILTER69.............
REMOVINGHOPPER DUST
FILTER69......................
THERMOSENTRYt71...............

CONTENTS
8400DMM312 (4--96)
2
Page
SCRUBHEAD71........................
BRUSHES 71............................
MAINBRUSH71......................
REPLACINGMAINBRUSH72.......
CHECKINGAND ADJUSTING
MAINBRUSHPATTERN 73......
SIDE BRUSH75......................
REPLACINGSIDE BRUSH75.......
SIDE BRUSHGUARD 76..............
SCRUB BRUSHES 76.................
REPLACINGTHE SCRUB
BRUSHES 76...................
SOLUTIONSYSTEM77..................
SOLUTIONVALVE 77.................
RECOVERYTANK77.................
SOLUTIONTANK77..................
SQUEEGEES 78.........................
LEVELINGTHEREARSQUEEGEE 78. .
ADJUSTINGREARSQUEEGEE
BLADEDEFLECTION79............
SQUEEGEE BLADES 80.................
REARSQUEEGEE 80.................
REPLACING OR ROTATINGREAR
SQUEEGEE BLADES 80.........
SIDE SQUEEGEES 81................
REPLACINGSIDE SQUEEGEE
BLADES 81.....................
SKIRTS AND SEALS82..................
HOPPERLIP SKIRTS82...............
HOPPERSIDE SKIRT82..............
BRUSH DOORSKIRTS82.............
REARSKIRTS83.....................
BRUSH DOORSEALS83..............
HOPPERSEALS83...................
HOPPERINSPECTION DOORSEAL 83.
HOPPER DOORSEALS84............
HOPPER COVERSEAL 84.............
HOPPER DUSTSEAL 84..............
HOPPERVACUUMFANSEAL 84.......
DEMISTERAND COVERSEALS85.....
BRAKES AND TIRES 85..................
SERVICE BRAKES 85.................
PARKINGBRAKE 85..................
TIRES 85............................
REARWHEEL 85.....................
PUSHING, TOWING, AND
TRANSPORTINGTHEMACHINE86....
MACHINEJACKING87...................
STORINGMACHINE87..................
SPECIFICATIONS88.......................
GENERALMACHINE PERFORMANCE88. .
POWERTYPE 89........................
STEERING89...........................
HYDRAULICSYSTEM89.................
INDEX 90..................................

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
3
8400DMM312 (2–94)
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The following precautions are used throughout
this manual as indicated in their description:
WARNING: To warn of hazards or
unsafe practices which could result in
severe personal injury or death.
FOR SAFETY: To identify actions which
must be followed for safe operation of
equipment.
The machine is suited to sweep disposable
debris. Do not use the machine other than
described in this Operator Manual. The machine
is not designed for use on public roads.
The following information signals potentially
dangerous conditions to the operator or
equipment:
FOR SAFETY:
1. Do not operate machine:
– Unless trained and authorized.
– Unless operator manual is read and
understood.
– If it is not in proper operating
condition.
– In flammable or explosive areas unless
designed for use in those areas.
– In areas with possible falling objects
unless equipped with overhead guard.
2. Before starting machine:
– Check for fuel, oil, and liquid leaks.
– Keep sparks and open flame away
from refueling area.
– Make sure all safety devices are in
place and operate properly.
– Check brakes and steering for proper
operation.
3. When starting machine:
– Keep foot on brake and directional
pedal in neutral.
4. When using machine:
– Use brakes to stop machine.
– Go slow on inclines and slippery
surfaces.
– Use care when reversing machine.
– Move machine with care when hopper
is raised.
– Make sure adequate clearance is
available before raising hopper.
– Do not carry passengers on machine.
– Always follow safety and traffic rules.
– Report machine damage or faulty
operation immediately.
5. Before leaving or servicing machine:
– Stop on level surface.
– Set parking brake.
– Turn off machine and remove key.
6. When servicing machine:
– Avoid moving parts. Do not wear loose
jackets, shirts, or sleeves.
– Block machine tires before jacking
machine up.
– Jack machine up at designated
locations only. Block machine up with
jack stands.
– Use hoist or jack of adequate capacity
to lift machine.
– Wear eye and ear protection when
using pressurized air or water.
– Disconnect battery connections before
working on machine.
– Avoid contact with battery acid.
– Avoid contact with hot engine coolant.
– Allow engine to cool.
– Keep flames and sparks away from
fuel system service area. Keep area
well ventilated.
– Use cardboard to locate leaking
hydraulic fluid under pressure.
– Use Tennant supplied or approved
replacement parts.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
8400DMM312 (4–96)
4
WARNING: Engine emits toxic gases.
Severe respiratory damage or
asphyxiation can result. Provide
adequate ventilation. Consult with your
regulatory authorities for exposure
limits. Keep engine properly tuned.
WARNING: Raised hopper may fall.
Engage hopper support bar.
WARNING: Lift arm pinch point. Stay
clear of hopper lift arms.
WARNING: Moving belt and fan. Keep
away.
WARNING: Flammable materials can
cause an explosion or fire. Do not use
flammable materials in tank(s).
WARNING: Flammable materials or
reactive metals can cause explosion or
fire. Do not pick up.
WARNING: Strong vacuum. Keep away
from fan inlet when fan is running.
WARNING: Hot bumper. Keep away.
CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65
WARNING: Engine exhaust from this
product contains chemicals known to
the State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, or other reproductive
harm.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
5
8400DMM312 (2–94)
The following safety labels are mounted on the
machine in the locations indicated. If these or any
label becomes damaged or illegible, install a new
label in its place.
HOPPER SUPPORT BAR LABEL –LOCATED
ON THE HOPPER SUPPORT BAR AND ON
BOTH HOPPER LIFT ARMS.
ENGINE FAN AND BELT LABEL –LOCATED
ON THE RADIATOR SHROUD.
EMISSIONS LABEL –LOCATED ON THE SIDE
PANEL OF THE OPERATOR COMPARTMENT.
09078
FOR SAFETY LABEL –LOCATED ON THE
SIDE PANEL OF THE OPERATOR
COMPARTMENT.
FLAMMABLE SPILLS LABEL –LOCATED ON
THE SIDE PANEL OF THE OPERATOR
COMPARTMENT.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
8400DMM312 (2–94)
6
STRONG VACUUM LABEL –LOCATED ON
THE VACUUM FAN HOUSING.
HOPPER LIFT ARMS LABEL –LOCATED ON
BOTH HOPPER LIFT ARMS.
09078
FLAMMABLE MATERIALS LABEL –LOCATED
ON THE SOLUTION TANK COVER.
HOT BUMPER LABEL –LOCATED ON THE
REAR LEFT PANEL.

OPERATION
7
8400DMM312 (12–94)
OPERATION
OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY
The operator’s responsibility is to take care
of the daily maintenance and checkups of
the machine to keep it in good working
condition. The operator must inform the
service mechanic or supervisor when the
required maintenance intervals occur as
stated in the MAINTENANCE section of this
manual.
Read this manual carefully before operating
this machine.
FOR SAFETY: Do not operate machine,
unless operation manual is read and
understood.
Check the machine for shipping damage.
Check to make sure machine is complete
per shipping instructions.
Check the hydraulic fluid level in the
hydraulic reservoir.
Check the engine oil level.
07324

OPERATION
8400DMM312 (12–94)
8
Check the radiator coolant level.
FOR SAFETY: When servicing machine,
avoid contact with hot engine coolant.
Fill the fuel tank.
FOR SAFETY: When servicing machine,
keep flames and sparks away from fuel
system service area. Keep area well
ventilated.
After the first 50 hours of operation, follow
the recommended procedures stated in the
MAINTENANCE CHART.
Keep your machine regularly maintained by
following the maintenance information in this
manual. We recommend taking advantage
of a regularly scheduled service contract
from your Tennant representative.
Order parts and supplies directly from your
authorized Tennant representative. Use the
parts manual provided when ordering parts.
10188

OPERATION
9
8400DMM312 (2–94)
MACHINE COMPONENTS
ABC
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
09078
A. Instrument Panels H. Side Squeegee
B. Steering Wheel I. Sweeping Brush Access Door
C. Operator Seat J. Side Brush
D. Demister Cover K. Hopper Cover
E. Engine Side Door L. Recovery Tank
F. Rear Squeegee M. Recovery Tank Cover
G. Solution Tank

OPERATION
8400DMM312 (2–94)
10
CONTROL PANEL SYMBOLS
These symbols identify controls and displays on
the machine:
Hazard Light Engine Water Temperature
Operating Lights Hopper Temperature –Thermo Sentry
Filter Shaker Fuel
Hopper Raise Hourmeter
Hopper Door Close ES
Hopper Lower Detergent Flow
Side Brush Down and On Scrub brush edge clean
Fan Scrub Brushes Down and On
Main Brush Down and Normal Speed Rear Squeegee Down and Vacuum On
Main Brush Down and II SpeedHorn
Charging System Main Brush Down Pressure Light
Filter Clogged Main Brush Down Pressure Heavy
Recovery Tank Full Steering Tilt
Engine Oil Pressure Parking Brake

OPERATION
11
8400DMM312 (2–94)
Solution Flow Circuit Breaker 5
Scrub Brush Pressure Circuit Breaker 6
Fast Circuit Breaker 7
Idle Circuit Breaker 8
Off Circuit Breaker 9
Side Brush Down Pressure Light Variable Flow
Side Brush Down Pressure Heavy Variable Pressure
Circuit Breaker 1 Diesel Fuel Only
Circuit Breaker 2 Hydraulic Fluid Only
Circuit Breaker 3 Jackpoint
Circuit Breaker 4

OPERATION
8400DMM312 (4–96)
12
CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS
A
B
D
E
F
G
H
I
JK
L
M
N
O
P
Q
RSTU
W
X
Y
Z
AA
BB
CC
DD
EE
FF
GG
HH
II
JJ
C
For machines below
serial number 10462
10733
A. Directional Pedal S. Recovery Tank Full Light
B. Brake Pedal T. Fuel Level Gauge
C. Parking Brake Lever U. Hourmeter
D. Hazard Light Switch (Option) V. ESSwitch (Option)
E. Operating Lights Switch W. Detergent Flow Switch (Option)
F. Filter Shaker Switch X. Edge Clean Switch
G. Hopper Raise Switch Y. Scrub Brush Switch
H. Hopper Door Switch Z. Squeegee and Vacuum Fan Switch
I. Hopper Lower Switch AA. Throttle Lever
J. Side Brush Switch BB. Steering Wheel
K. Vacuum Fan Switch CC.Horn Button
L. Main Brush Normal Speed Switch DD. Ignition Switch
M. Main Brush ll SpeedSwitch EE. Steering Column Tilt Lever
N. Charging System Light FF. Circuit Breakers
O. Engine Oil Pressure Light GG.Main Brush Down Pressure Knob
P. Engine Water Temperature Light HH. Scrub Brush Down Pressure Knob
Q. Hopper Temperature Light –II. Solution Flow Lever
Thermo SentryJJ. Parking Brake Pedal
R. Clogged Filter Light

OPERATION
13
8400DMM312 (2–94)
OPERATION OF CONTROLS
DIRECTIONAL PEDAL
The directional pedal controls direction of travel
and the propelling speed of the machine. You
change the speed of the machine with the
pressure of your foot; the harder you press the
faster the machine travels.
Forward: Press the top of the directional pedal
with the toe of your foot.
Reverse: Press the bottom of the directional
pedal with the heel of your foot.
Neutral: Take your foot off the directional pedal
and it will return to the neutral position.
07790
07791
07792

OPERATION
8400DMM312 (4–96)
14
BRAKE PEDAL
The brake pedal stops the machine.
Stop: Take your foot off the directional pedal and
let it return to the neutral position. Step on the
brake pedal.
PARKING BRAKE LEVER
The parking brake lever sets and releases the
front wheel brakes for machines below serial
number 10462.
Set: Move the brake lever from the short to the
long slot with your foot. Step on the brake pedal to
lock the pedal in place.
FOR SAFETY: Before leaving or
servicing machine; stop on level
surface, set parking brake, turn off
machine and remove key.
Release: Step on the brake pedal to release it,
and move the brake lever to the left with your foot
at the same time. Lock the lever in place in the
short slot.
PARKING BRAKE PEDAL
The parking brake pedal sets and releases the
rear wheel brakes for machines serial number
10462 and above.
Set: Press on the brake pedal as far as possible,
then press on the parking brake pedal with the toe
portion of your foot to lock the parking brake pedal
in place.
FOR SAFETY: Before leaving or
servicing machine; stop on level
surface, set parking brake, turn off
machine and remove key.
Release: Press on the brake pedal to unlock the
parking brake pedal.
07754

OPERATION
15
8400DMM312 (4–96)
HAZARD LIGHT SWITCH (OPTION)
The hazard light switch powers on and off the
hazard light.
On: Press the hazard light switch. The indicator
light above the switch will come on.
Off: Press the hazard light switch. The indicator
light above the switch will go off.
OPERATING LIGHTS SWITCH
The operating lights switch powers on and off
the headlights and taillights.
On: Press the operating lights switch. The
indicator light above the switch will come on.
Off: Press the operating lights switch. The
indicator light above the switch will go off.
FILTER SHAKER SWITCH
The filter shaker switch starts the hopper
dust filter shaker. The shaker automatically
operates for 40 seconds.
Start: Press the filter shaker switch. The indicator
light will remain on while the filter shaker is
operating.
NOTE: The vacuum fan shuts off while the filter
shaker is operating.
HOPPER RAISE SWITCH
The hopper raise switch raises the hopper.
Raise: Press and hold the hopper raise switch.
The indicator light above the switch will come on.
Hold: Release the hopper raise switch.
WARNING: Raised hopper may fall.
engage hopper support bar.
NOTE: The main brush, side brush, and vacuum
fan will stop operating when the hopper is raised.
09293
09292
09294
09295

OPERATION
8400DMM312 (4–96)
16
HOPPER DOOR SWITCH
The hopper door switch opens and closes the
hopper door. Close the hopper door when
emptying the hopper to control debris and dust.
Open: Press the switch. The indicator light above
the switch will go out.
Close: Press the switch. The indicator light above
the switch will come on.
NOTE: The hopper door opens automatically
when the main brush starts operating, and closes
automatically if the main brush is not operating.
HOPPER LOWER SWITCH
The hopper lower switch lowers the hopper.
Lower: Press and hold the hopper lower switch.
The indicator light above the switch will come on.
Hold: Release the hopper lower switch.
SIDE BRUSH SWITCH
The side brush switch controls the side brush
position and rotation. The main brush must be
operating for the side brush to work.
Down and On: Press the switch. The indicator
light above the switch will come on.
Up and Off: Press the switch again. The indicator
light above the switch will go off.
NOTE: The side brush operates automatically
when the main brush starts operating.
VACUUM FAN SWITCH
The vacuum fan switch starts and stops the
vacuum fan. Do not operate the vacuum fan when
sweeping in wet conditions.
Start: Press the switch. The indicator light above
the switch will come on.
Stop: Press the switch. The indicator light above
the switch will go off.
NOTE: The vacuum fan operates automatically
when the main brush starts operating.
NOTE: The vacuum fan will not operate unless
the main brush is operating.
09542
09543
09544
09545

OPERATION
17
8400DMM312 (2–94)
MAIN BRUSH NORMAL SPEED SWITCH
The main brush normal speed switch controls
the main brush position, speed, and rotation. Also
the side brush will lower and start, the vacuum fan
will come on, and the hopper door will open.
Normal speed is used for general sweeping.
Down and on: Press the switch. The indicator
light above the switch will come on.
Up and off: Press the switch again. The indicator
light above the switch will go off.
NOTE: Always raise the main brush when the
machine is not being operated for some time. This
prevents the main brush from getting a flat spot.
MAIN BRUSH II SPEEDSWITCH
The main brush II Speedswitch controls
the main brush position, speed, and rotation. Also
the side brush will lower and start, the vacuum fan
will come on, and the hopper door will open. II
Speedis used for sweeping light litter.
Down and on: Press the switch. The indicator
light above the switch will come on.
Up and off: Press the switch again. The indicator
light above the switch will go off.
NOTE: The main brush II Speedswitch can not
be operated while using the scrubbing features. If
the II Speedis operating when the scrub
brushes are started, the machine will
automatically change to main brush normal
speed.
NOTE: Always raise the main brush when the
machine is not being operated for some time. This
prevents the main brush from getting a flat spot.
CHARGING SYSTEM LIGHT
The charging system light comes on when
the existing voltage potential of the battery is not
within normal range; 10 to 14 Volts. Stop
operating the machine. Locate the problem and
have it corrected.
09546
09558
09222

OPERATION
8400DMM312 (2–94)
18
ENGINE OIL PRESSURE LIGHT
The engine oil pressure light comes on when
the engine oil pressure falls below 35 kPa (5 psi).
Stop operating the machine. Locate the problem
and have it corrected.
ENGINE WATER TEMPERATURE LIGHT
The engine water temperature light comes on
when the temperature of the engine coolant is
more than 107C (225F). Stop operating the
machine. Locate the problem and have it
corrected.
HOPPER TEMPERATURE LIGHT –THERMO
SENTRY
The hopper temperature light comes on when
there is too much heat in the hopper, possibly
from a fire. The Thermo Sentrywill stop the
sweeping vacuum fan. Stop operating the
machine. Locate the problem and have it
corrected.
The Thermo Sentryhas to be reset manually,
see THERMO SENTRYin MAINTENANCE.
CLOGGED FILTER LIGHT
The clogged filter light comes on when the
hopper dust filter is clogged.
To clean the filter, press the filter shaker switch. If
the clogged filter light remains lit, manually clean
the hopper dust filter. See HOPPER DUST
FILTER in MAINTENANCE.
09221
09220
09219
09223