TIE T90-DTU User manual

T90-DTU_User Manual
1. Introduction
1.1. Brief introduction
T90-DTU (900SL22) is a data transceiver with military-grade LoRa modulation technology. With multiple transmission modes, it
works in the (920-925MHz) frequency band. The transceiver provides transparent RS232/RS485 interface and supports 8~. 28V
voltage input. LoRa direct-sequence spread spectrum technology will bring longer communication distances, and has the advantages of
concentrated power density and strong anti-interference ability. It features a software FEC forward error correction algorithm, which
has high coding efficiency and strong error correction capability. In the case of sudden interference, it can proactively correct the
interfered data packets, greatly improving reliability and transmission distance. In the absence of FEC, such packets can only be
discarded. It has data encryption. The data transmitted by the transceiver over the air is random, and the data interception is
meaningless through strict encryption and decryption algorithms. Packet length setting is available to support different real-time and
data packets.
As a communication medium, wireless data transceiver has the same scope as optical fiber, microwave and bright line: it
provides real-time and reliable data transmission of monitoring signals in private networks under certain special conditions, with low
cost, installation and maintenance. It is convenient, has strong diffraction ability, flexible networking structure and long coverage. It is
suitable for occasions with many points and scattered, complex geographical environment, etc. It can be connected with PLC, RTU,
rain gauge, liquid level meter and other data terminals.
1.2. Features
★All core components are imported, featuring the most advanced functions, the smallest volume and the best price.
★Using military-grade LoRa modulation technology, with data encryption, the packet length is available for configuration.
★Large single package, single package is up to 240 bytes, adapt to Modbus.
★Simple and efficient power supply design, support power adapter or crimping mode, support 8~28V power supply.
★Transmit power is up to 1W, multi-level adjustable, with all technical indicators meeting European industrial standards.
★Support LBT function, the transceiver automatically waits to send data according to the current ambient noise intensity. The
communication success rate of the module in harsh environments is greatly improved.
★Remotely configure or read wireless module parameters by sending command packets wirelessly.
★Multi-level relay networking can be realized，which effectively extends communication distance for ultra-long-distance
communication.
★With temperature compensation circuit, the frequency stability is better than ±1.5PPM.
★Operating temperature range: -40 °C ~ +85 °C, to adapt to a variety of harsh working environment.
★All-aluminum alloy casing, compact size, easy installation and good heat dissipation; perfect shielding design, with good
electromagnetic compatibility and strong anti-interference ability.
★Multiple protection functions such as power reverse connection protection, over-current protection, and antenna surge protection
greatly increase the reliability of the device.
★Powerful software functions, all parameters can be programmed: such as power, frequency, air data rate, address ID, etc.

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★Ultra-low power consumption, the standby current is only 10mA (lower than power consumption in power-saving mode and sleep
mode), and the transmitting current is ≤0.1A.
★with built-in watchdog and precise time layout, once an exception occurs, the transceiver will automatically restart, and continue to
work according to the previous parameters.
2. Dimensions
2.1. Parts description
No.
Name
Function
Note
1
DB-9 female
socket
RS-232 interface
Standard RS-232 interface
2
3.81 terminal block
RS-485, power
interface
Standard RS-485 interface and pressure line
power interface
3
PWR-LED
Power LED
Red, lit when the power is on
4
TXD-LED
Transmit LED
Yellow, blinks when sending data
5
RXD-LED
Receive LED
Yellow, blinks when receiving data
6
DC power interface
Power interface
In-line round hole, outer diameter 5.5mm,
diameter 2.5mm
7
DIP switch
DIP switch
Controlled by working mode
8
Antenna interface
SMA-K interface
external thread, 10mm, 50Ωcharacteristic
impedance

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2.2. Dimensions
单位：mm

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3. Interface definition
3.1. Power interface
Users can choose ⑥DC power interface,using the power adapter supply with the interface of the 5.5mm outer
diameter , 2.5mm diameter ;
Also users can choose the VCC and GND terminal power supply from ②, both are optional；
8 ~ 28V DC power supply, it is recommended to use 12V or 24V DC power supply for T90-DTU.
3.2. RS232
The T90-DTU can be connected to the device via RS-232 using the standard DB-9 interface.
3.3. RS485
T90-DTU can be connected to the 485_A terminal and 485_B terminal from ②with the RS-485 A terminal
and B terminal of other device respectively.
Pin NO.
Definition
Function
Description
1
VCC
Crimping power interface,
positive
8 ~ 28V DC, recommended 12V or 24V
2
GND
Crimping power interface,
negative
The power supply negative pole is connected to
the system ground and the housing
3
485_B
RS-485 interface, interface B
The RS-485 interface B is connected to the
device interface B
4
485_A
RS-485 interface, interfaceA
The RS-485 interface A is connected to the
device interface A

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★Note: The transceiver will be in poor communication when connected to multiple devices , it is recommended
to be connected to a single device, please try to use parallel 120Ω resistor between 485_A terminal and 485_B.
4. Technical specification
4.1. Model specification
Model No.
Frequency
TX power
Distance
Features
Recommended application
Hz
mW
km
T90-DTU
920M
7.9
5
LoRa，
anti-interference
Suitable for transmission of fast
speed in complex environment with
data interference over a long distance
Note: Test condition: in clear and open air without shelters, 12V /2Apower supply, 5dBi gain sucker antenna over 2
meters height from the ground, with the factory default parameters.
4.2. General specification parameter
No.
Item
Value
Note
1
Size
82 * 62 * 25 mm
See more in 3.2. Dimensions
2
Weight
130g
±4.5 g
3
Temperature
-40℃～85℃
Meet industrial request
4
Antenna
impedance
50 Ω
Standard 50 Ω characteristic impedance
5
Supply voltage
+8 ~ +28V DC
It is recommended to use 12V or 24V
6
Communication
interface
RS232/RS485
Standard DB9 hole / 3.81 terminal block
7
Baud rate
Default 9600
From 1200~115200
8
Address
Default 0
65536 configurable address

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4.3. Frequency and channel numbers
Model No.
Default Frequency
Frequency Range
Channel Interval
Channel numbers
Hz
Hz
Hz
T90-DTU
920M
920~925MHz
1M
81，half duplex
★Note: In the same area when multiple data transceivers are communicating one to one at the same time , it is
recommended to set the channel spacing between each group of data transceivers at 2MHz or more.
4.4. Transmitting power
Model No.
22dBm
17dBm
13dBm
9dBm
T90-DTU
-
-
-
√
★Note: The lower the transmit power, the closer the transmission distance, but the working current won’t be
declined in exact proportion , it is recommended to use the maximum transmit power.
4.5. Air data rate
Model
Default
Levels
Air data rate (bps)
bps
bps
T90-DTU
2.4k
8
0.3、1.2、2.4、4.8、9.6、19.2、38.4、62.5k
★Note: The higher the air data rate, the faster the transmission rate, the transmission distance is also closer; when
the rate meets the requirements , the lower air data rate, the better quality.
4.6. Current
Model
TX current mA
Standby current mA
12V
24V
12V
24V
T90-DTU
45
26
10
7
★Note: It is recommended to retain more than 50% of the current margin when selecting the power supply, which
will help the data transceiver to work steadily for a long time.

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4.7. TX and RX FIFO and sub-packing method
Model No.
Buffer
Sub-packing method
T90-DTU
1000 bytes
Can be sub-packed to 32/64/128/240 byte each time via
command
★Note:1. When the receiving data is more than a single packet capacity, the beyond part will be
automatically assigned to the second transmission until it is completed;
2. The data transceiver can not receive data which is more than the buffer capacity;
5. Function Description
5.1. Fixed Transmission

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5.2. Broadcast Transmission
5.3. Broadcast Address
For example: Set the address of module Aas 0xFFFF and channel as 0x04;
When module A is the transmitter (same mode, transparent transmission), all modules under channel 0x04 will receive the data, the purpose of
broadcast is realized.
5.4. Monitor Address
For example: Set the address of module Aas 0xFFFF and channel as 0x04;
When moduleA is the receiver, it can receive the data sent from all modules under channel 0x04. The purpose of monitor is realized.
6. Operating mode
There are four operating modes, if low power consumption is not required, for normal communication it is
recommended to configure the data transceiver to the normal mode (mode 0);
The factory default is normal mode (mode 0).
Categories
M1
M0
Notes
Mode 0
Normal Mode
ON
ON
Open UART Comm port and RF，transparent
transmission is on, configuration over air via special
command is available.
Mode 1
WOR Mode
ON
OFF
Can be defined as WOR transmitter and WOR receiver，WOR is
available.
Mode 2
Configuration
Mode
OFF
ON
Users access the register through the serial port to control the
working state of the device. The DTU can be configured through

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the configuration software on computer.
Mode 3
Sleep Mode
OFF
OFF
DTU is in sleep mode.
Note: WOR(mode 1) and sleep mode(mode 3) are for low power consumption. If users do not require low
power, then it is OK to use mode 0 and mode2 only.
6.1. Normal mode（mode 0）
M0 = ON，M1 = ON，device works in Mode 0
Transmitting
Users send data via UART. The device will start wireless transmission.
Receiving
Wireless receiving is enabled, data received will be output via pin TXD.
6.2. WOR mode（mode 1）
M0 = OFF，M1 = ON，device works in Mode 1
Transmitting
As a transmitter, a certain preamble code will be added before each transmission.
Receiving
Wireless receiving is enabled, its function is same as Mode 0.
6.3. Configuration mode（mode 2）
M0 = ON，M1 = OFF，device works in Mode 2
Transmitting
Wireless transmission is off.

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Receiving
Wireless receiving is off.
Configuration
Users can visit register to configure the working status.
6.4. Sleep mode（mode 3）
M0 = OFF，M1 = OFF，device works in Mode 3
Transmitting
Wireless transmission is unavailable.
Receiving
Wireless receiving is unavailable.
Note
When entering other modes from the sleep mode, the parameters will be reconfigured. During the configuration process, AUX
remains low level;
After the configuration, it outputs high level, it is recommended that users detect the rising edge T_BUSY.
7. Register read and write control
7.1. Command format
In configuration mode（mode 2：M1=OFF，M0=ON），supported commands are as follows（only 9600，8N1 are available）：
NO
Command format
Description
1
Configure register
command：C0+start address+length+parameter
Reply：C1+start address+length+parameter
Example 1：set channel as 0x09
command start address length parameter
Transmit：C0 05 01 09
Return：C1 05 01 09
Example 2：set module address（0x1234),network address (0x00),UART(9600 8N1),air data rate(1.2K)
Transmit：C0 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return：C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
2
Read register
Command：C1+start address+length
Reply：C1+start address+length+parameter
Example 1: read channel
command start address length parameter
Transmit：C1 05 01
Return：C1 05 01 09
Example 2: read module address, network address, UART and air data rate
Transmit：C1 00 04
Return：C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
3
Configure temporary
register
Command：C2 +start address+length+parameter
Reply：C1 +start address+length+parameter

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Example 1：Set channel as 0x09
command start address length parameter
Transmit：C2 05 01 09
Return：C1 05 01 09
Example 2：set module address（0x1234）, network address (0x00), UART (9600 8N1), air data rate (1.2K)
Transmit：C2 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return：C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
5
Wireless
configuration
Command：CF CF + general command
Reply：CF CF + general response
Example 1：set channel as 0x09
wireless command head command start address length parameter
Transmit：CF CF C0 05 01 09
Return：CF CF C1 05 01 09
Example 2：set module address（0x1234）, network address(0x00), UART(9600 8N1), air data rate(1.2K)
Transmit：CF CF C0 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return：CF CF C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
6
Format error
Reply: FF FF FF
7.2. Register description
Address
Read/W
rite
Name
Description
Remark
00H
Read/W
rite
ADDH
ADDH（Default 0）
High and low byte of the module address.
Note：When the module address is FFFF, it can
be used as the broadcast and monitor address,
that is the module will not perform address
filtering.
01H
Read/W
rite
ADDL
ADDL（Default 0）
02H
Read/W
rite
NETID
NETID（Default 0）
Network address, used to distinguish the
network. When communicating with each other,
they should be set to the same.
03H
Read/W
rite
REG0
7，6，5 UART baud rate（bps）
000：baud rate is 1200
001：baud rate is 2900
010：baud rate is 4800
011：baud rate is 9600（Default）
100：baud rate is 19200
101：baud rate is 38900
110：baud rate is 57600
111：baud rate is 115200
-----------------------------------------------
4，3：UART parity bit
00：8N1（Default）
01：8O1
10：8E1
11：8N1（same as 00）
-----------------------------------------------
2，1，0，air data rate
000：air data rate is 0.3k
001：air data rate is 1.2k
010：air data rate is 2.4k（Default）
011：air data rate is 4.8k
100：air data rate is 9.6k
101：air data rate is 19.2k
110：air data rate is 38.4k
111：air data rate is 62.5k
For the two modules that communicate with
each other, the serial port baud rate can be
different, and the verification method can also
be different.
When transmitting large packets continuously,
users need to consider the data blocking caused
by the same baud rate, and data may even be
lost. It is generally recommended that both
parties have the same baud rate.
-------------------------------------
It should be the same for both communication
parities .
The higher the rate, the shorter the distance.

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04H
Read/W
rite
REG1
7，6：sub-packing setting
00：240byte （Default）
01：128byte
10：64byte
11：32byte
-----------------------------------------------
5 ：enable RSSI environmental noise
1：on
0：off（Default）
-----------------------------------------------
4，3，2 remain
-----------------------------------------------
1，0：TX power
00：22dbm（Default）
01：17dbm
10：13dbm
11：10dbm
When the data is smaller than the sub packet
length, the serial output of the receiving end is
an uninterrupted continuous output.
When the data is larger than the sub packet
length, the receiving end serial port will output
the sub packet.
--------------------------------------
When enabled, the C0 C1 C2 C3 command can
be sent in the transmitting mode or WOR
transmitting mode to read the register.
Register 0x00: Current ambient noise rssi
Register 0X01: rssi when the data was received
last time.
（Current channel noise is: dBm =-RSSI/2）
Command format: C0 C1 C2 C3 + starting
address + read length
Returns: C1 + address address + read length + read
valid value
E.g: send C0 C1 C2 C3 00 01
Return C1 00 01 rssi
-------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
Power and current are nonlinear, and power
efficiency is highest at maximum power.
The current does not decrease in proportion to
the decrease in power.
05H
Read/W
rite
REG2
Channel （CH）
0-80 stands for 81 channel respectively
Actual frequency= 920+ CH *1M
06H
Read/W
rite
REG3
7 enable RSSI byte
1：on
0：off（Default）
-----------------------------------------------
6，fixed transmission
1：fixed transmission
0：transparent transmission（Default）
-----------------------------------------------
5 enable repeater
1：on
0：off
-----------------------------------------------
4 enable LBT（listen before transmit）
1：on
0：off（Default）
-----------------------------------------------
3 WOR TX and RX control
1：WOR transmitter
TX and RX are enabled, certain preamble
code is added when transmitting date. Data receiving
is on.
0：WOR receiver（Default）
Transmission is unavailable. Module works
in WOR monitoring, (see details about WOR time
below) to save power.
When enabled, the module receives wireless
data and it will follow an RSSI strength byte
after output via the serial port TXD
.----------------------------------
The module recognizes the first three bytes of
the serial data as: address high + address low +
channel and takes it as the wireless transmitting
target.
---------------------------------------
After the reply function is enabled, if the target
address is not the module itself, the module will
forward it once.
In order to prevent data return-back, it is
recommended to use it in conjunction with the
fixed point mode. That is: the target address is
different from the source address.
-----------------------------------
When enabled, wireless data will be monitored
before it is transmitted, which can avoid
interference to a certain extent, but may cause
data delay.
-------------------------------------
Only valid in Mode 1.
After the WOR receiver receives the wireless
data and outputs it through the serial port, it
will wait for 1000ms before entering the WOR
again. Users can input the serial port data and
return it via the wireless during this period.
Each serial byte will be refreshed for 1000ms.

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-----------------------------------------------
2，1，0，WOR time
000：500ms
001：1000ms
010：1500ms
011：2000ms（Default）
100：2500ms
101：3000ms
110：3500ms
111：9000ms
Users must transmit the first byte within
1000ms. --------------------------------------
Only valid in Mode 1.
Time T= （1+WOR）*500ms，Max 9000ms，
Min 500ms
The longer the WOR monitoring interval
period, the lower the average power
consumption, but the greater the data delay
Both the transmitter and the receiver must be
the same (very important).
07H
Write
CRYPT_H
key high byte（Default 0）
Write only, read and return 0.
Used for user encryption to avoid intercepting
airborne wireless data by similar modules.
The module will internally use these two bytes
as a calculation factor to transform and encrypt
the over-the-air wireless signal.
08H
Write
CRYPT_L
key low byte（Default 0）
80H~
86H
Read
only
PID
7 bytes of product information
product information: 7 bytes
7.3. Factory default parameter
Default parameter：62 00 00 00 00 00
Model NO.
Frequency
Address
Channel
Air data rate
Baud rate
Parity bit
TX power
T90-DTU
920MHz
0x0000
0x12
2.4kbps
9600
8N1
9dbm
8. Repeater networking mode
No.
Description
1
After setting the repeater mode by configuration, switch to the normal mode and the repeater starts working.
2
In the repeater mode,ADDH, ADDL are no longer used as the module address, but is correspondingly paired with the NETID. If the data
of one of the networks is received, it is forwarded to another network. The network ID of the repeater itself is invalid.
3
In repeater mode, the repeater module cannot transmit and receive data, and cannot perform low-power operation.
4
The user enters the other mode from mode 3 (sleep mode) or during the reset process, the module resets the user parameters during which
the AUX outputs low level.
Repeater networking rules:
1. Forwarding rules, the repeater can forward data in both directions between two NETIDs.
2. In repeater mode, ADDH\ADDL is no longer used as the module address, and it is used as a NETID forwarding pairing flag.
Figure:
①Primary repeater

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“Node 1” NETID is 08.
“Node 2” NETID is 33.
Primary repeater 1‘s ’ADDH\ADDL are 08，33.
So the signal sent by node 1 (08) can be forwarded to node 2 (33)
At the same time, node 1 and node 2 have the same address, so the data transmitted by node 1 can be received by node 2.
②Secondary repeater
Secondary repeater’s ADDH\ADDL are 33，05.
Therefore, Repeater 2 can forward the data of Repeater 1 to the network NETID: 05.
Thus node 3 and node 4 can receive node 1 data. Node 4 outputs data normally, and node 3 has a different address than node 1, so no
data is output.
③Two-way repeater
As shown in the figure: the data sent by node 1, the nodes 2, 4 can receive the data sent by node 2, 4, and node 1 can also receive it.
9. Application field
The data transceiver of TIE SMART SOLUTIONS CO,. LTD. is applied for all kinds of point to point, one
point to multiple points wireless data transmission system, such as smart home, Internet of things transformation,
power load monitoring, distribution network automation, hydrological and hydrological forecasting, water pipe
network monitoring, urban street lamps Monitoring, air defense alarm control, railway signal monitoring,
centralized control of railway water supply, oil supply pipe network monitoring, GPS system, remote meter reading,
electronic crane, automatic reporting, seismic forecasting, fire prevention, environmental monitoring and other
industrial automation system, as shown below:

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10.Operation notes
1. The device may not be operated in the vicinity of some flammable places (such as coal mines) or explosive dangerous objects (such
as detonators for detonators).
2. Appropriate DC stabilized power supply should be selected, which requires strong anti-high frequency interference, small ripple,
and sufficient load capacity; it also has functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage protection and lightning protection to ensure data
transmission.
3. Do not use it in a working environment that exceeds the environmental characteristics of data transceiver, such as high temperature,
humidity, low temperature, strong electromagnetic field or dusty environment.
4. Do not let the data transceiver continuously be in full-load transmission state, otherwise the transmitter may be burned out.
5. The ground wire of the data transceiver should be well connected with that of the external equipment (such as PC, PLC, etc.) and of
the power supply. Otherwise, it is easy to burn the communication interface; do not plug or unplug the serial port when electrified.
6. When testing the data transceiver, it must be connected with a matching antenna or a 50Ω dummy load, otherwise it will easily
damage the transmitter; if the antenna is connected, the distance of the human body from the antenna should preferably exceed 2
meters to avoid injury and cut. Do not touch the antenna while launching.
7. Wireless modem often have different communication distances in different environments. The communication distance is often
affected by temperature, humidity, obstacle density, obstacle volume, and electromagnetic environment. In order to ensure stable
communication, it is recommended to reserve 50. Communication distance margin above %.
8. If the measured communication distance is not ideal, it is recommended to check the antenna quality and the installation method of
the antenna.
9. Power supply is required to remain 50% of current, it should be noted that the ripple should not exceed 100mV.
10. Wireless communication products need to be connected with an impedance matching antenna to work properly, even for short-term
testing.

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FCC Caution:
Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's
authority to operate the equipment.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:
1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment.
The device has been evaluated to meet general RF exposure requirement. The device can be used in portable exposure
condition without restriction.