Trinity Newton+ User manual

Newton+ – Operational Manual
TRINITY
[1]
USER’S MANUAL
Newton+
AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION RELAY
This document contains the latest technical information about Automatic Power
Factor Correction Relay, Newton+ which is a micro-controller based KVAR controller.
The product, Newton+ is sophisticated electronic equipment and, the user is advised
to read this User’s Manual carefully before attempting to install or operate the
equipment.
Published on: (mention the date of publishing)
Document Version: 1.0

NEWTON+ – Operational Manual
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Warranty statement
Trinity warrants to the original retail purchaser of the Trinity product enclosed with this
limited warranty statement that the product, if purchased new and used in the India
conforms to the manufacturer’s specifications and will be free from defects in
workmanship and materials for a period of one year from the date of original
purchase, unless expressly stated otherwise by Trinity, in a written format.
Should your Trinity product prove defective during the warranty period, please bring
the product securely packaged in its original container or an equivalent, along with
proof of the date of original purchase, to our Trinity Dealer or Factory. You are
responsible for all costs (shipping, insurance, travel time) in getting the product to the
service location. Trinity will, at its option, repair or replace on an exchange basis the
defective unit, without charge for parts or labor. When warranty service involves the
exchange of the product or of a part, the item replaced becomes Trinity property. The
replacement unit may be new or refurbished to the Trinity standard of quality, and at
Trinity’s option, the replacement may be another model of like kind and quality.
Trinity’s liability for replacement of the covered product will not exceed the original
retail selling price of the covered product. Exchange or replacement products or parts
assume the remaining warranty period of the product covered by this limited warranty.
What This Warranty Does Not Cover:
This warranty does not apply to refurbished or reconditioned products. This warranty
covers only normal use in India. This warranty does not cover damage to the Trinity
product caused by parts or supplies not manufactured, distributed or certified by
Trinity. This warranty is not transferable. This warranty does not cover third party
parts, components or peripheral devices added to the Trinity product after its
shipment from Trinity. Trinity is not responsible for warranty service should the Trinity
label or logo or the rating label or serial number be removed or should the product fail
to be properly maintained or fail to function properly as a result of misuse, abuse,
improper installation, neglect, improper shipping, damage caused by disasters such
as fire, flood, and lightning, improper electrical current, interaction with non-Trinity
products, or service other than by an Trinity Authorized Service.
The warranty and remedy provided above are exclusive and in lieu of all other
express or implied warranties including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In the event, the remedies above
fail, Trinity’s entire liability shall be limited to a refund of the price paid for the Trinity
product covered by this limited warranty. Except as provided in this written warranty,
neither Trinity Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. nor its affiliates shall be liable for any loss,
inconvenience, or damage, including direct, special, incidental, or consequential
damages, resulting from the use or inability to use the Trinity product, whether
resulting from breach of warranty or any other legal theory.

NEWTON+ – Operational Manual
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Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................4
System Considerations ......................................................................................... 4
The Main Features Available in This System ....................................................... 5
Technical Specifications ....................................................................................... 6
Installation and Commissioning...............................................................................7
Connection Scheme.............................................................................................. 9
Operational Details ..................................................................................................10
Programming Mode ................................................................................................11
1. Selecting the Mode of Control Action ............................................................11
2. Setting the Main CT Ratio..............................................................................12
3. Setting the Capacitor CT Ratio ......................................................................12
4. Setting Scroll Display in Run Mode ...............................................................13
5. Setting the Desired PF...................................................................................13
6. Setting the Time Delay in between stages ....................................................14
7. Setting On Delay with Lagging PF.................................................................14
8. Setting OFF Delay with Leading PF ..............................................................15
9. Selecting a Capacitor Bank Stages ...............................................................15
10. Selecting for a Sense in percentage of Minimum Bank................................16
11. Performing Autosense of Capacitor Bank ...................................................16
Run Mode ...............................................................................................................18
1. Screen Displays ..............................................................................................18
Control Outputs........................................................................................................19
(A) Trouble Shooting .............................................................................................19
(B) Trouble Shooting Guide...................................................................................22

NEWTON+ – Operational Manual
TRINITY
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Introduction
The relay is meant for flush mounting in a panel for connection to the electrical
system. The relay is the `intelligence' which controls the automatic system for
correction of the power factor. It senses the power factor by taking the ratio of the
true-rms KW of the system, and the KVA, for any one phase of the three phase
electrical system, when it operates in PF sensing mode. This means that phase and
neutral wire are connected as voltage inputs and the current of the same phase as
current input, for PF sensing mode of operation. For VAR sensing mode of
operation, the relay calculates the KVAR requirement of the system (VxIxsin). For
correct operation of the relay, however, there are some minimum system
requirements to be met. Unless the various points in the system which are
mentioned below are correctly setup, proper operation of the relay cannot be
expected.
System Considerations
1. If there is an imbalance loads in the three phases, the current transformer (CT)
must be mounted on the phase which has maximum load. All the load currents
and the capacitor current must pass through the bus on which the main CT is
mounted. Ensure that this condition is achieved for proper operation of relay.
2. The actual load current at the time of operation should be more then 5% of the
CT primary current rating. If this is not true, the relay will not operate.
3. The relay assumes a uniform loading of the three phase system. In case a
capacitor banks are not operating and the relay indicates LEAD power factor,
then the Main CT, S1 and S2 must be interchanged so as to correct the polarity
error.
4. The relay senses the power factor and switches ON or OFF the capacitor banks
(through contactors in a panel), to bring power factor closest to the set value.
For this the voltage must be within plus/minus 20 % of the rated voltage of the
relay. The voltage is to be sensed between any phase and neutral.
5. If need is failed for an external auto control, there is no harm in having one
provided, it must be implemented properly. An improperly implemented scheme
might cause the multi-operation of the panel. Make sure this is not the case
before putting the blame on the relay.
6. Capacitor CT rating must be calculated for autosense as,
CT Primary Total KVAR X 1.6
7. Check all these points carefully in the system. If found ok, installation and
commissioning of the relay is easy.

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The Main Features Available in This System
Full functional 16 x 2 backlight LCD
Selectable Main CT Ratio and Capacitor CT Ratio
Automatic Power Factor Control through PF, Binary and VAR Action
Programmable target PF setting
Programmable Time Delay for step switching
System KVAR value
Selectable Capacitor Bank Stages and Autosense of its bank sizes
Selectable for Run Mode display Scroll and Unscroll
Measurement of System Active Power (KW).
NEWTON+ 16X2 LC DISPLAY

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Technical Specifications
Parameter
Type Name Statistics
INPUT
Supply One Phase and Neutral of a 3P4W system
Voltage Direct Voltage Input : Up to 300V L-N
Burden : 0.5VA
Current
Secondary Current Input : 5A or 1A (To be specified at the
time of Ordering)
CT Ratio : Site Selectable
Range of Reading : 5 – 5000A
Burden : < 1.0VA
Overload : 5A CT = 6A RMS Continuous
1A CT = 1.2A RMS Continuous
Power Supply Self Powered from mains. Wide operating Voltage SMPS: 80
VAC - 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz.
OUTPUT
Relay
Switching Voltage : Max. 230 VAC
Switching Power : Max. 1000W
Expected Mechanical Life: >10 x 106switching operations.
Expected Electrical Life : >4 x 106switching operations.
@(Load = 200VA, Cosφ= 0.5)
MEASUREMENT
True RMS Basic Parameters
Voltage (Volts L-N) Accuracy : 0.5% of Reading
Current
(Amps) Accuracy : 0.25% of Reading
Capacitor Current CT Ratio : Site Selectable
Accuracy :1.0% of Reading
Power Factor Accuracy : 1.0% of Reading (IPFI≥0.5)
Range of Reading : 0.05 to 1.00 Lag/Lead
MISCELLANEOUS
Dimensi ons
Bezel 96X96 mm
Depth of installation 55 mm
Operating temp 10°C to 50°C
Weight 0.3 kg (aprox.)
Min. Operating Current 1% of CT Primary in VAR mode, 6% in PF mode.

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Installation and Commissioning
The NEWTON+ is a single phase autosense. Make sure the Main CT must be
mounted on a phase which has a maximum load if there is an imbalance load in an
electrical installation. The phase itself must also be connected to the unit to supply
power from it. In case of VAR control action, ensure that the Capacitor CT must be
mounted on its same phase in order to give true PF value and autosense for each
capacitor banks.
To install and commission the unit, proceed the following instructions:
1. Push the unit into the Panel and mount it by using the clamps provided.
2. In case Y-phase has maximum load in your system, connect the two wires from
the Y-phase Main CT to terminals marked M and L such that S1 from CT goes
to M and S2 from CT goes to L on the unit. Make sure that the three phases
coming to the unit come through control fuses 1.0 Amp rating. This will protect
the electronics inside from damage due to severe over voltages or phase faults
in the system.

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3. Connect the two wires from the Y-phase capacitor CT to terminals marked CM
& CL such that S1 from CT goes to CM on the unit. (The capacitor CT is
applicable for operation in VAR mode only. In FIFO mode, the capacitor CT is
not applicable).
4. Connect the Y-phase and neutral wire to the terminals marked P and N such as
shown above.
[Ensure that the phase used for voltage connection is same as the phase on
which the Main CT is mounted and the current direction must be also proper
polarity. This is vital for the correct operation of NEWTON+].
5. Switch on the three phases supply, the unit will then prompt a power receiving
information such as - - - TRINITY- - - -for about 2 to 3 seconds.
6. First of all, user should program the following parameters of the unit: such as
Control Mode of operation, Main CT-Ratio, Scroll Seconds, desire PF, Time
Delay, On Delay, Off Delay, Bank Stages, Minimum Bank and Autosense.
(Refer Operational Details in the next section). The proper operation of the relay
will commence only after these parameters are defined.
In case of AUTOSENSE, the unit switches on one bank at a time and also,
displays the bank size of every stage. After AUTOSENSING is completed, the
unit will return into Run Mode.
7. Now, the unit is ready for operation.

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Connection Scheme

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Operational Details
The KVAR Based Controller NEWTON+ is a versatile meter, with all the features
needed to implement a robust electrical load management system. It can be
configured to suit most PF correction and communication needs and, is also
achieved by making as many parameters field programmable as much as possible.
There are basically two modes of operation in NEWTON+:
1. Programming Mode
2. Run Mode
After supplying power (80 VAC - 240 VAC) to the three phases, the unit displays
immediately power receiving information, - - - TRINITY- - - - on LCD
screen and by default, the display comes into Run Mode such as shown below.
Now, the unit can be operated by using the following keypad provided for both the
Programming Mode and Run Mode such as shown below.
VOLT=235.3

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Programming Mode
In order to operate for all the field programmable parameters, it is easy for user
interface by pressing the keys such as , and . Once the display is in
Programming Mode, press key to enter into the following programmable
parameters:
1. The Mode of Control Actions- PF_FIFO/ VAR/BINARY/NONE
2. CT Ratio for load currents
3. CT Ratio for current capacitor
4. Scroll displays in the Run Mode
5. Desired PF setting
6. Time Delay - delay between two successive switching operations of relay
7. On Delay with Lagging PF
8. Off Delay with leading PF
9. Capacitor Bank stages
10.Selectable of a minimum bank in percentage form
11.Autosense of capacitor bank.
1. Selecting the Mode of Control Action
For PF correction, there are three types of control action such as PF_FIFO, VAR,
BINARY and NONE which are also selectable at site. In case, the control action is
selected to VAR, Capacitor CT and AUTOSENSING parameters are applicable in
Programming Mode. However, both the two parameters will not be applicable in case
of PF and Binary selected.
To select the control action, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode such as shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Control mode by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. The unit will automatically reset and return into Run Mode. In case, your
setting is not completed, proceed the above instruction to specify for other
parameters.
CONTROL=VAR

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2. Setting the Main CT Ratio
In order to give actual current values in this unit, the main CT Ratio should be set
accordingly. The CT Ratio can be set from 5A to 5000A.
To set the Main CT Ratio, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Main CT Ratio
such as shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Main CT Ratio by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
3. Setting the Capacitor CT Ratio
For the application of VAR mode of Control Action, the Capacitor CT Ratio in
between the primary and secondary current should be set from 5 A to 2000 A.
To set Capacitor CT Ratio, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Capacitor CT
Ratio such as shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Capacitor CT Ratio by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
CTR_CAP=50
CTR_MAIN=500

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4. Setting Scroll Display in Run Mode
The Run Mode page is in Freeze Mode by default displaying with the first Run Mode
page, system Voltage which is also freely programmable from 5 to 12 seconds so as
to scroll to each parameter on a cyclic basis. However, the display will be frozen if
the SCROLL is set to zero.
To set the Scroll, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Scroll Second
such as shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Scroll Second by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
5. Setting the Desired PF
The desired PF can be set to either Lead or Lag side according to your requirement.
In case of PF_FIFO as well as Binary control action, the PF should be set in between
0.800 LAG to 1.000 LAG. In case of VAR Control Action the desired PF should be
set in between 0.800 LAG to 1 or 1.800 LEAD to 1. Here, a desired PF to be set for
0.999 LEAD should be set as 1.999.
To set the desired PF, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Set PF such as
shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired PF by pressing and keys and
then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
SET_PF=1.0
SCROLL_SEC=0

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3. The unit will automatically reset and return into Run Mode. In case, your
setting is not completed, proceed the above instruction to specify for other
parameters
6. Setting the Time Delay in between stages
This is one type of digital dead band. During the Time Delay, the unit will not take
any control action. Hence the Time Delay is settable from 40 to 180 seconds.
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Time Delay such
as shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Time Delay by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
7. Setting On Delay with Lagging PF
In case of PF Control Action, On Delay is freely programmable from 10 to 20. If the
system PF falls below the target PF with lagging PF, the unit checks whether the
switching capacitor could be persistent or no. If target PF is not achieved, the relay
switches on the capacitor bank accordingly.
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the On Delay such as
shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired On Delay by pressing and keys
and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
ON DELAY=10
TIME DELAY=40

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3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
8. Setting OFF Delay with Leading PF
In case of PF control action, Off Delay is freely programmable from 10 to 20. If the
system PF falls below the target PF with leading PF, the unit checks whether the
switching capacitor could be persistent or no. If target PF is not achieved, the relay
switches off the first capacitor on in order to correct PF with a FIFO mode of control
action.
To set the Off Delay, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Off Delay such as
shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Off Delay by pressing and keys
and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
9. Selecting a Capacitor Bank Stages
NEWTON+ supports upto 8 capacitor bank Stages. For user’s system requirement,
the number of Stages can be selected from 2 to 8 so as to operate the KVAR control.
To select the Stages, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Bank Stage such
as shown below.
STAGE=8
OFF DELAY=10

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2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Bank Stage by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
10. Selecting for a Sense in percentage of Minimum Bank
In case, the need KVAR exceeds 75% of the minimum capacitor bank, the relay
switches the minimum bank on. Hence, the parameter can also be set to 100%
according to your desire.
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Minimum Bank
such as shown below.
2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Minimum Bank by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
11. Performing Autosense of Capacitor Bank
In case, the Autosense is set to YES, the relay switches on all capacitor banks one
by one. The bank sizes will also display as they get sensed one by one and the user
must therefore be patient and wait for about 4 to 5 minutes while the autosense is in
progress. This process is vital for the smooth operation of the relay. Once all
capacitor banks could be sensed, the relay will restart for control action after a while.
To set the Autosense of capacitor, proceed the following instructions:
1. In Run Mode, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds and then the unit will
enter into Programming Mode. Press key to receive the Auto Sense such
as shown below.
MIN.BANK=75%

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2. Press key. Immediately, P starts blinking which shows that the parameter
can now be changed. Set the desired Auto Sense by pressing and
keys and then, press key to confirm the parameter setting.
3. In case, your setting is completed, press key for about 4 to 5 seconds to
return into Run Mode. Or press and keys to specify for other
parameters such as above instructions.
AUTO
SENSE?
YES

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PF= 1.000 LG
Run Mode
In the run mode, the various parameters calculated by the NEWTON+ are displayed
on different pages on a 16 X 2 backlit LC Display. There are five displays with the
different parameters showing its system values. Those displays can be entered and
analyzed one by one in this mode. The displays can also be frozen and unfrozen
according to your convenience by programming the Scroll at site.
1. Screen Displays
Press or keys on Run Mode so as to receive the following displays:
Displays Descriptions
The first display shows system voltage.
The second display shows system current. In
case, the unit is not loading, the display will
show LC at right side of the parameter.
The third display shows system PF.
The fourth display shows the system KVAR.
The fifth display shows the system Active Power
(KW).
VOLTS=242.3
AMPS=373.9
KVAR=32.42 LG
KW=50.4

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Control Outputs
The relays are protected by snubbers against fast voltage transients which occur
when inductive loads are switched off and therefore, the following points should be
taken care when using these relay contacts:
Use 230V AC coils only in the contactors. DO NOT use 440V AC coils.
DO NOT switch small loads like electronic Hooters, small relays with 240V AC
coils etc., directly from the relay contact of NEWTON+. If done so, the small
leakage current from the snubbers will not allow these loads to be switched off
fully. The electronic hooters thus will give a low hum continuously, and the small
relays will switch on but not switch off.
Use these relay contacts to switch an Auxiliary contactor and put the load on the
contactor contacts.
For correct operation, various points in the system need attention and unless these
are correctly set up, proper operation cannot be expected.
These points are noted in section (A) and (B) such as subsequent sections deal with
operational checks, setting up and trouble shooting.
(A) Trouble Shooting
The NEWTON+ is robust electronic equipment and must be handled with all the care
merited by it. It is quite rugged and will withstand a few hard knocks, but this cannot
make up for the deficiency in system design.
Repairs at site are not recommended because at most this can only be a patch work,
and sustained reliability is difficult to achieve with a site repaired Relay. This section
on Troubleshooting therefore deals with fault finding in the system and to establish
whether the Relay is defective or whether it is a system problem. If the fault is seen
to lie entirely with the Relay, it will have to be sent to factory for repairs.
System faults can be classified into three categories:
Those related to the basic configuration of the system.
Those related to the errors and mistakes in the implementation of the system
design.
Those related to the faults in the actual equipment.
a. Faults related to the actual system design:
The most common faults are:
External Manual Control not implemented properly
Here many designers provide a ‘Starter-relay’configuration for the manual control,
and just bring the connection from the relay contact to the contactor.

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There are two problems with this:
i. Timing function is not provided from Manual control.
ii. The scheme does not work in Auto mode. The remedy is to examine the
drawings and make changes at site. The temporary remedy is to change the
relay mode to Manual, and use the panel manually. The better alternative is to
change the control wiring to incorporate suitable isolating contacts, timers etc.
to make a proper system.
CT of the Capacitor Panel itself connected to the Relay
In this case obviously the Relay does not read the power factor of the system. There
is no current through the Relay when capacitors are off. If you force one of the
capacitors on, it may cause an indication of full Lead (if the current taken by the
capacitor is sufficiently high). If the Relay is in Auto mode, it will switch off the
capacitor immediately, and nothing further will happen.
The only remedy is to disconnect the CT (short the secondary!) and bring a six core
cable from the CT of the Main Incomer. Also check that the CT rating is near the
actual full load current. Change the CT if it is too large.
Faults related to the external cabling
Only two cables originate in the panel: the Power Incomer to the panel and the CT
connections.
The power flow from the source (such as the main transformer) to the capacitor
panel as well as to the entire load must be through the bus on which the CT is
mounted. It is best to provide separate CTs for the Relay to avoid problems.
b. Faults Related to the actual site conditions:
These faults occur when the actual site conditions are different from those assumed
by the designer of the system. These faults relate to the location of the load feeders
on the busbar, buscouplers, and connections from transformers etc. The locations
of the CT are the most important factor as far as the Relay is concerned.
Another problem frequently encountered is that of insufficient load on the power
system. This might occur because the Plant has not been commissioned fully, or
because the system allows for future expansion. In either case the actual current
through the CT is very low compared to the rating of the CT.
In such conditions, the relay, (specially, if there are no small banks in the capacitor
panel) will not take any control action at all. However, the transformer losses will
cause the monthly average PF to show up as very poor. The remedy is to connect a
small bank directly (independent of the automatic control scheme) for compensating
transformer losses.