ABB HCB-1 Manual

A
»
11
mv
ABB
Power
T
&
D
Company
Inc
.
Relay
Division
Coral
Springs
,
FL
33065
Instruction
Leaflet
I
.
L
41
-
971.31
-
Type
HCB
-
1
Pilot
Wire
Relay
System
Effective
November
1988
Supersedes
I
.
L
41
-
971.3
K
dated
August
1985
sfc
Denotes
change
since
previous
issue
CAUTION
2.1
Sequence
Filter
The
sequence
fflter
consists
of
a
three
-
legged
iron
core
reactor
and
a
set
of
resistors
designated
R
1
andRO
.
The
reactor
has
three
windings
;
two
primary
and
a
tapped
secondary
winding
,
wound
on
the
center
leg
of
a
“
F
’
type
of
lamination
.
The
secondary
taps
are
wired
totheA
,
BandCtapconnectionsinfrontofthereiay
.
R
0
consists
of
three
tube
resistors
with
taps
wired
to
the
F
,
G
and
H
tap
connections
in
the
front
of
the
relay
.
Before
putting
protective
relays
into
service
,
remove
all
blocking
which
may
have
been
inserted
for
the
purpose
of
securing
the
parts
during
ship
-
ment
,
make
sure
that
all
moving
parts
operate
freely
,
inspect
the
contacts
to
see
that
they
are
clean
and
close
properly
,
and
operate
the
relay
to
check
the
settings
and
electrical
connections
.
1
.
APPLICATION
2.2
Saturating
Transformer
The
type
HCB
-
1
relay
is
a
high
speed
pilot
wire
relay
designed
forthe
complete
phase
and
ground
protection
of
two
and
three
terminal
transmission
lines
.
Simultane
-
ous
tripping
of
the
relay
at
each
terminal
is
obtained
in
about
20
milliseconds
for
all
faults
.
A
complete
installa
-
tion
for
a
two
terminal
line
consists
of
two
relays
,
two
insulating
transformers
,
and
an
interconnecting
pilot
wire
circuit
.
For
a
three
terminal
line
,
three
relays
,
three
insulating
transformers
,
and
a
wye
-
connected
pilot
wire
circuit
with
branches
of
equal
series
resistance
are
required
.
The
output
of
the
sequence
filter
connects
to
the
primary
of
a
two
-
winding
saturating
transformer
.
The
primary
winding
is
tapped
and
wired
to
a
tap
blockT
in
the
front
of
the
relay
.
The
secondary
winding
is
con
nected
to
the
Zener
d
ipper
circuit
and
from
a
fixed
tap
to
the
relay
coil
circuits
.
2.3
Polar
Unit
This
unit
consists
of
a
rectangular
-
shape
magnetic
frame
,
an
electromagnet
,
a
permanent
magnet
,
and
an
armature
with
either
one
or
two
contacts
.
Thepoles
of
the
crescent
-
shaped
permanent
magnet
bridge
the
magnetic
frame
.
The
magnetic
frame
consists
of
three
pieces
joined
in
the
rear
with
two
brass
rods
and
sflvei
solder
.
These
non
-
magnetic
joints
represent
air
gaps
which
are
bridged
by
two
adjustable
magnetic
shunts
.
The
operating
and
restraint
windings
are
concentrically
wound
around
a
magnetic
core
.
The
armature
is
fas
-
tened
to
this
coreatoneend
and
floatsfnthefrontair
gap
atthe
otherend
.
The
moving
contact
is
connected
to
the
free
end
of
a
leaf
spring
.
The
HCB
-
1
and
HCB
relays
are
not
compatible
,
since
the
filter
response
is
not
the
same
.
2
.
CONSTRUCTION
The
relay
consists
of
a
combination
positive
,
nega
-
tive
,
and
zero
phase
sequence
filter
,
a
saturating
auxil
-
iary
transformer
,
two
full
wave
rectifier
units
,
a
polar
unit
,
a
Zener
dipper
,
and
an
indicating
contactor
switch
(
ICS
)
,
all
mounted
in
a
single
case
.
The
external
equip
-
ment
normally
supplied
with
the
relay
consists
of
an
insulating
transformer
,
a
millimeter
and
test
switch
.
All
possible
contingencies
which
may
arise
during
installation
,
operation
,
or
maintenance
,
and
all
details
j
and
variations
of
this
equipment
do
not
purport
to
be
covered
by
these
instructions
.
If
further
information
is
desired
by
purchaser
regarding
this
particular
installation
,
operation
or
maintenance
of
this
equipment
,
the
local
Asea
Brown
Boveri
representative
should
be
contacted
.
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
9713
L
in
Figure
4
.
Since
the
voltages
add
,
most
of
the
current
will
circulate
throughthe
restraint
coils
andthe
pilot
wire
,
with
a
minimum
of
operating
coil
current
.
The
relative
effects
of
the
operating
and
restraint
coil
currents
are
such
that
the
relay
is
restrained
.
2.4
Restraint
Taps
A
set
of
restraint
taps
are
located
on
the
front
of
the
relay
near
the
polar
unit
These
taps
are
the
maximum
and
minimum
restraint
taps
of
the
relay
.
2.5
indicating
Contactor
Switch
Unit
(
ICS
)
During
an
internal
fault
,
the
relative
Vs
voltages
reverse
.
Since
the
VS
voltages
now
oppose
each
other
,
most
of
the
current
flowing
in
the
restraint
coils
is
also
forced
through
the
operating
coils
with
a
minimum
of
current
in
the
pilot
wire
.
This
increase
in
operating
current
overcomes
the
restraining
effect
and
both
the
relays
operate
.
Thedc
indicating
contactor
switch
isasmall
dapper
-
type
device
.
A
magnetic
armature
,
to
which
leaf
-
spring
mounted
contacts
are
attached
,
is
attracted
to
the
magnetic
core
upon
energization
of
the
switch
.
When
the
switch
closes
,
the
moving
contacts
bridge
two
stationary
contacts
,
bypassing
the
main
relay
contacts
.
Also
during
this
operation
,
two
fingers
on
the
armature
deflect
a
spring
located
on
the
front
of
the
switch
,
which
allows
the
operation
indicator
target
to
drop
.
Thetarget
is
reset
from
the
outside
of
the
case
by
a
push
rod
located
at
the
bottom
of
the
cover
.
Within
limits
,
as
defined
in
Figure
7
and
under
“
Characteristics
,
”
all
the
relays
will
operate
for
an
inter
-
nal
fault
regardless
of
the
fault
current
distribution
at
the
various
stations
.
The
nominal
pickup
(
total
internal
fault
current
)
of
the
relaying
system
is
equal
to
the
minimum
trip
of
a
single
relay
multiplied
by
the
number
of
relays
.
For
example
,
if
the
pickup
of
each
relay
,
with
the
pilot
wire
open
,
is
6
amperes
,
a
two
terminal
line
system
has
a
nominal
pickup
of
2
X
6
=
12
amperes
.
The
front
spring
,
in
addition
to
holding
the
target
,
provides
restraint
forthe
armature
,
and
thus
controls
the
pickup
value
of
the
switch
.
3.1
Pilot
Wire
Effects
3
.
OPERATION
In
Figure
4
it
can
be
seen
that
a
short
-
circuited
pilot
wire
will
short
circuit
the
relay
operating
coils
.
Depend
-
ing
on
the
location
of
the
short
,
at
least
one
of
the
relays
will
fail
to
trip
during
an
internal
fault
.
If
the
pilot
wire
is
open
circuited
,
almost
all
the
restraint
coil
current
will
flow
through
the
operating
coil
,
and
the
relay
operates
as
an
overcurrent
relay
on
fault
currents
.
The
connection
of
the
HCB
-
1
system
of
relays
to
the
protected
transmission
line
shown
in
Fig
.
10
.
In
such
a
connection
,
the
relays
operate
for
faults
within
the
line
terminals
but
not
for
faults
external
to
the
protected
transmission
line
.
This
is
accomplished
by
comparing
the
relative
polarities
of
voltages
at
opposite
ends
of
the
transmission
line
by
means
of
a
metallic
pilot
wire
.
Excessive
pilot
wire
series
impedance
will
ap
-
proach
an
open
-
circuited
condition
and
the
relays
will
operate
during
external
faults
.
Excessive
pilot
wire
shunt
capacitance
will
approach
a
short
-
circuited
con
-
dition
and
the
relays
will
not
operate
.
The
pilot
wire
requirements
are
given
in
Table
IV
.
As
shown
in
Figure
4
,
the
composite
sequence
filter
of
each
HCB
-
1
relay
receives
three
phase
current
from
the
current
transformers
of
the
transmission
line
.
The
composite
sequence
filter
of
the
HCB
-
1
converts
the
three
-
phase
current
input
into
a
single
-
phase
voltage
output
,
Vp
,
of
a
magnitude
which
is
a
function
of
the
positive
,
negative
and
zero
sequence
components
of
fault
current
.
This
voltage
,
Vp
,
is
impressed
on
the
primary
wiring
of
the
saturating
transformer
.
The
satu
-
rating
transformer
output
voltage
,
Vs
,
is
applied
to
the
relay
coils
and
to
the
pilot
wire
through
an
insulating
transformer
.
The
saturating
transformer
and
a
zener
clipper
across
its
secondary
winding
serve
to
limit
the
energy
input
to
the
pilot
wire
.
3.2
Polar
Unit
Theory
The
polar
unit
flux
paths
are
shown
in
Figure
5
.
With
balanced
air
gaps
,
the
permanent
magnet
produces
flux
flowing
in
two
path
,
one
through
the
front
gaps
and
one
through
the
rear
gaps
.
This
flux
produces
north
and
south
poles
,
as
shown
.
By
turning
the
left
shunt
in
,
some
of
the
flux
is
forced
through
the
armature
,
making
it
a
north
pole
.
Thus
,
reducing
the
left
hand
rear
gap
will
produce
a
force
tending
to
pull
the armature
to
the
right
.
Similarly
,
reducing
the
right
-
hand
gap
will
produce
a
force
tending
to
pull
the
armature
to
the
left
.
During
an
external
fault
,
assuming
matched
relays
,
the
magnitude
of
Vs
at
both
stations
will
be
the
same
.
The
relative
polarities
of
the
Vs
voltages
will
be
as
shown
2
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
Fig
1
.
Type
HCB
-
1
Relay
Without
Case
(
Front View
)
3
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
9713
L
50
Ohm
Resistor
Saturating
T
ransformer
Fixed Resistor
Point
Diode
Bridge
Fig
.
2
.
Type
HCB
-
1
Relay
Without
Case
(
Rear
View
)
4
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
9713
L
the
relay
will
pick
up
at
approximately
53
%
of
the
tap
setting
.
This
difference
in
pickup
current
for
different
phase
-
to
-
phase
faults
is
fundamental
;
and
occurs
be
-
cause
of
the
angles
at
which the
positive
and
negative
sequence
components
of
current
add
together
.
Electrical
flux
produced
by
current
flowing
in
the
operating
and restraint
windings
of
the
polar
unit either
adds
to
or
subtracts
from
the
magnetic
flux
.
In
the
case
of
restraint
current
,
the
flux
adds
to
the
magnetic
flux
to
keep
the
armature
to
the
right
.
On
the
other
hand
,
the
operating
current
subtracts
from
the
magnetic
flux
to
move
the
armature
to
the
left
.
On
an
ampere
turn
basis
,
the
polar
unit
operates
when the
operating
ampere
turns
are
greater
than
the
restraint
ampere
turns
plus
the
magnetic
restraint
or
bias
expressed
in
ampere
turns
.
In
some
applications
,
the
maximum
load
current
and
minimum
fault
current
are
too
dose
together
to set
the
relay
to
pick
up
under
minimum
fault
current
,
and
not
operate
under
load
with
the
pilot
wire
accidentally
open
.
For these
cases
,
tap
B
is
available
which
cuts
the
three
phase
sensitivity
in
half
,
while
the
phase
-
to
-
phase
set
-
ting
is
substantially unchanged
.
The
relay
then
trips
at
90
%
of
tap
value
for
AB
and
CA
faults
,
and
at
twice
tap
value
for
three
-
phase
faults
.
The
setting
for
BC
faults
is
65
percent
of
tap
value
.
4
.
CHARACTERISTICS
The
voltage
,
VF
,
impressed
by
the
filter
upon
the
saturating
transformer
varies
with
the
tap
setting
(
A
,
B
,
C
)
of
the
relay
.
It
is
possible
to
eliminate
response
to
positive
se
-
quence
current
entirely
,
and
operate
the
relay
on
nega
-
tive
-
plus
-
zero
sequence
current
.
Tap
A
is
available
to
operate
in
this
manner
.
The
relay
picks
up
at
about
tap
value
for
all
phase
-
to
-
phase
faults
,
but is
unaffected
by
balanced load
current
or
three
-
phase
faults
.
V
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Y
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S
^
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V
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INDICATING
CONTACTOR
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JtasjNO
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]
For
ground
faults
,
separate
taps
G
and
H
are
avail
-
able
for
adjustment
of
the
ground
fault
sensitivity
to
about
1
/
4
or
1
/
8
of
the
upper
tap
plate
setting
.
For
example
,
if
the
upper
tap
plate
is
set at
tap
4
,
the
relay
pick
-
up
current
for
ground
faults
can
be either
1
or
1
/
2
ampere
.
It is
possible
to
eliminate
response
to
zerc
sequence
current
.
Tap
F
provides
such
an
operation
.
»
2
'
"
Cui
-
M
*
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
ZENER
AC
CLINFER
"
"
W
ruse
RESISTORS
«
0
S
WINDING
MUTUAL
REACTOR
FORMED
WIRE
RESISTOR
.
a
CHASSIS
OPCRATCO
SNORTING
SWITCH
HOTE
:
TERMINALS
TO
»
E
JUMREREC
AT
RCLAT CASE
RED
HANDLE
CURRENT
TEST
JACK
The
response
of
the
relay
to
various
types
of faults
are
summarized
in
the
following
tables
.
L
6
frri
TEST SWITCH
TERMINAL
0
FRONT
VIEW
Sub
5
763
A
628
TABLE
I
-
PHASE
FAULTS
Sequence Components
in
Sequence
Filter
Output
Taps Pickup
-
Multiples
ofT
*
Fig
3
.
Internal
Schematic
of
the
Type
HCB
-
1
Relay
in
FT
-
42
Case
(
Double
Trip
Circuit
)
.
For
the
Single
Trip
Relay
,
the
Circuits
Associated
with
Terminal
llare
omitted
BC
AB
3
*
CA
C
Pos
.
,
Neg
.
,
Zero
86
53
1
B
Pos
.
,
Neg
.
,
Zero
9
£
5
2
The
sequence
network
in
the
relay
is
arranged
for
several
possible
combinations
of
sequence compo
-
nents
.
For
tap
C
the
output
of
the
network
will
contain
the
positive
,
negative
and
zero
sequence
components
of
the
line
current
.
In
this
case
,
the
taps
on
the
upper
tap
plate
indicate
the
balanced three
phase
amperes
(
posi
-
tive
sequence
amperes
)
which
will
pick
up
the
relay
with
the
pilot
wire
open
.
Neg
.
,
Zero
A
UOO
1.00
TABLE II
-
GROUND
FAULTS
Ground
Fault
Pickup
Multiples
of
T
Tap
Comb
.
Lower
Left
TapG
TapH
Tap
C
.
25
.
12
1
For
phase
-
to
-
phase
faults
AB
and
CA
,
enough
nega
-
tive
sequence
current
has been
introduced
to
allow
the
relay
to
pick
up
at
86
%
of
the
tap
setting
.
For
BC
faults
,
B
.
20
.
10
2
A
.
20
.
10
3
5
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
9713
L
The
voltage
,
Vp
,
impressed
by
the
filter
upon
the
saturating
transformer
is
:
For
a
phase
A
to
ground
fault
,
if
IA
1
=
U
2
=
IAO
0
A
2
is the
phase
A
negative
sequence
current
)
:
VF
-
C
1
IA
1
+
^
2
A
2
+
0
)
IQ
0
)
0.2
T
=
-
.
2
IAI
+
.
461
A
2
+
4.9
IAQ
Table
III
shows
the
values
of
the
C
-
constants
in
Eq
.
(
1
)
0.2
T
=
<
A
2
=
*
A
0
A
1
“
5.2
Table
III
-
CONSTANTS
FOR
EQUATION
(
1
)
But
:
is
=
^
A
1
=
IA
2
+
I
AO
=
3
Ia
1
C
1
C
2
Co
Tap
(
0.2
T
) (
3
)
A
0 0.26
B
-
0.08
0.34
(
0.2
TX
3
)
C
-
0.20
0.46
So
:
lg
=
3
IAI
=
=
0.12
T
(
A
-
G
fault
)
(
6
)
F
0
5.2
G
2.5
H
4.9
ForT
=
4
ls
=
0.5
For
tap
settings
of
C
and
H
,
the
voltage
,
Vp
,
im
-
pressed
by
the
filter
upon
the
saturating
transformer
is
:
4.2
Nominal
Pickup
(
All
Relays
)
(
2
)
Vp
=
-
,
2
IA
1
+
.
461
Ag
+
4.91
/
^
Volts
The nominal
pickup
,
I
is
defined
as
nom
>
4.1
Single
Relay
Pickup
(
Pilot
Wire
Open
)
ls
=
Kis
(
7
)
nom
Single
relay
pickup
,
ls
,
isdefined
asthe
phase
current
required
to
operate
one
relay
with the
pilot
wire
side
of
the
insulating
transformer
open
circuited
(
H
1
-
H
4
)
.
The
single relay
pickup
point
in
terms
of
filter
voltage
is
:
where
I
total internal
fault
current
nom
K
number
of
relays
(
2
or
3
)
•
s
=
single
-
relay
pickup
with
pilot
wire
disconnected
(
see
above
)
Vp
=
0.2
T
(
Tap
C
)
Vp
=
0.15
T
(
Tap
A
)
VF
=
0.16
T
(
Tap
B
)
(
3
)
For
example
,
in
the
previous example
or a
phase
-
A
-
ground
fault
,
the
single
-
relay
pickup
was
determined
as
lg
=
0.5
ampere
for
4
CH
taps
with
the
pilot
wire
open
.
For
a
two
-
terminal
line
,
the
nominal
pickup
for
a
phase
-
A
-
to
ground
fault
(
4
CH
taps
)
is
:
where
T
is the
saturating
transformer
tap
value
.
Single
relay
pickup
is
defined
by equating
(
2
)
&
(
3
)
:
(
4
)
a
0.2
T
=
-
0.2
Ia
1
+
.
461
^
+
4.9
lA
0
(
A
to
G
)
=
0.5
=
0.5
X
2
=
1.0
ampere
I
Current
ls
varies
with
the
type
of fault
For
example
,
fora
3
phase
fault
,
ls
=
IA
1
,
since
only
positive
sequence
current
is
present
.
Substituting
ls
=
IA
1
in
Eq
.
(
4
)
and
rearranging
,
the
3
phase
fault
pickup
is
:
nom
4.3
Minimum
Trip
(
All
Relays
)
With
equal inputs
to
all
relays
and
zero
pilot
-
wire
shunt
capacitance
,
the
relays
will
operate
at
their
nomi
-
nal
pickup point
.
The
minimum
trip
points
will
vary
somewhat
from
nominal
value
,
depending
on
the
pilot
-
wire
constants
and the
magnitude
and
phase
angle
of
the various
relay
input
currents
.
For
example
,
Figure
6
shows the
relay
operating
points
for
a
two
-
terminal line
,
assuming
input
current
one
relay
only
.
0.2
T
(
3
phase
fault
)
•
s
=
U
1
+
=
T
(
5
)
.
2
For
4
tap
:
ls
=
T
=
4
amp
.
(
3
phase
fault
)
6
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

IX
.
41
-
971.3
L
INSULATING
TRANSFORMER
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
PILOT
r
<
s
>
N
A
FILTER FILTER
B
c
j
c
WIRE
R
-
RESTRAINT
COIL
OP
-
OPERATING
COIL
Vs
-
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE OUTPUT
{
RELATIVE
POLARITIES
ARE
FOR
THRU
CURRENT
OR
EXTERNAL
FAULT
)
Sub
5
183
A
061
Fig
.
4
.
Simplified
External
Schematic
of
the
HCB
-
1
Relay
System
SHUNT
X
-
u
i
?
PERMANENT
MAGNET
7
N
JL
i
HKT
"
)
—
•
J
T
ARMATURE
ADDITIONAL
FLUX
PATH
N
4
iiPI
'
•
S
N
i
(
j
^
N
i
G
MOVING
CONTACT
I
t
BALANCED
AIR
GAPS
UNBALANCED
AIR
GAPS
1
Sub
5
183
A
062
i
1
Fig
.
5
.
Polar
Unit
Permanent
Magnet
Flux
Paths
An
example
of
the
characteristics
with
various
cur
-
rent
distributions
shown
in
Figure
6
.
The
filter
output
voltage
,
VF
,
of
each
relay
,
as
defined
by
equation
(
1
)
must
be
in
phase
or
180
degrees
out
of
phase
,
in
order
for
Figure
7
to
apply
.
4.4
Insulating
Transformer
TABLE
IV
Insulating
Transformer
Rat
»
6
/
1
No
.
of
Relays
4
/
1
I
cs
cs
RL
Unless
otherwise noted
,
all
characteristics
pre
-
sented
includean
insulating
transformerwith
each
relay
.
Two
ratios
are
available
:
4
/
1
and
6
/
1
.
The
high
voltage
side
(
H
1
-
H
4
Terminals
)
is connected
to
the
pilot
-
wires
.
1.5
2
2000
:
0.75
'
1000
/
LEG
500
/
LEG
1.8
3
series
loop
resistance
in
ohms
,
total shunt
capacitance
in
microfarads
(
total wire
to
wire
capacitance
)
Where
the shunt
capacitance
excess
the
abovr
;
amount
,
it
may
be
feasible
in
some
cases
to
provide
shunt
reactors
to
compensate
for
the
excessive
capac
-
RL
Cs
4.5
Pilot
-
Wire
Requirements
The
relays
should
not
be
applied
with
pilot
-
wire
series
resistance
or
shunt
capacitance
exceeding
the
following
values
:
7
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

LL
.
41
-
9713
L
tance
.
The
amount
of
capacitance
which
can
be
com
-
pensated
is
limited
and
varies
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
pilot
-
wire distributed
effect
.
A
shielded
,
twisted
pilot
wire
pair
,
preferably
of
#
19
AWG
or
larger
,
is
recommended
;
however
,
open
wires
may
be used
if
they
are
frequently
transposed
in
areas
of
exposure
to
power
circuit induction
.
The
voltage
impressed
across
either
insulating
transformer
(
HrH
4
Terminals
)
as a
result
of
induction
or
a
rise
in
station
ground
potential
,
should be
less
than
7.5
volts
to
prevent
undesired
relay
operation
.
For
three
-
terminal
applications
,
the
loop
resistance
of
all
legs
of
the
pilot
wire
must
be
balanced
within
5
percent
,
with
variable
resistors
.
The
pilot
wire
resistance
to
be
balanced
is
divided
by
16
and
36
for
the
4
to
1
and
6
to
1
ratio
insulating
transformers
respectively
,
since
the
balancing
resistors
are
located
on
the
relay
side
of
the
insulating
transformers
.
Induced
voltages
and
rises
in
station
-
ground
poten
-
tial
may
be handled
by
the
following
means
:
a
)
Neutralizing
reactors
may
be
connected
in
series
with
the
pilot
to
hold
pilot
wire
potential
close
to
the
remote
ground
potential
in
the
presence
of
a
rise
in
station
-
ground
potential
.
They
do
not
limit
pilot
-
wire
voltages
to
safe
values
in
the
presence
of
a
longitudinal
induced
voltage
.
When
usingthe
neutralizing
reactor
,
the
pilot
-
wire sheath
should
be
insulated
from
station
ground
to
minimize
sheath
-
to
-
pair
potential
.
All
other
parts
in
the
cable
which
are
connected
to
station
ground
should also
be
protected
with
neutralizing
reac
-
tors to
minimize
pair
-
to
-
pair
voltages
.
b
)
Drainage
reactors
may
be connected
across
the
pilot
wire
to
ground through
a
KX
642
protector
tube
.
The
drainage
reactor
is
particularly
effec
-
tive
in
limiting
pair
-
to
-
ground voltage
in
the
pres
-
ence
of
an
induced
voltage
.
When the tube
flashes
,
both wires
are
connected
to
ground
through
the
drainage
reactor
windings
which
offer
a
low
impedance
to
ground
but
maintain
a
high
impedance
to
an
ac
voltage
across
the
wires
.
Thus
,
the
HCB
-
1
system
will
operate
normally
even
though
the
protector
tube has
flashed
over
.
The
drainage
reactor
is
not
in
-
tended
to
handle
a
rise
in
ground
potential
.
c
)
The
neutralizing
and
drainage
reactors
may
be
utilized
together
.
If
the
neutralizing
reactor
is
to
be
of
any
value
,
the
drainage
reactorthrough
the
protector
tube
must
be
connected
to remote
ground
.
111
l
-
UECq
:
HCB
MINIMUM
TRIP
CHARACTERISTIC
C
160
_
140
m
120
100
m
NEAR
RELAY
TRIPS
:
::
FAR
RELAY
TRIPS
80
60
40
20
500 1000
1500
2000
2500
Sub
1
619594
R
-
PILOT
WIRE
RESISTANCE
IN
OHMS
MICROFARADS
DISTRIBUTED CAPACITY
.
.
001
R
Fig
.
6
.
Typical
Curves
Showing
the
Effect
of
the
Pilot
Wire
on
Minimum
Trip
Current
,
Two
-
Terminal
Line
(
Maximum Restraint
Tap
)
.
In
-
sulating
Transformer
4
/
1
ratio
.
For
information
with
reference
to
the insulation and
protection
equipment
,
refer
to
I
.
L
41
-
971.4
.
4.6
Trip
Circuit
The
main
contacts
will
safely
close
30
amperesat
250
volts
d
.
c
.
,
and the seal
-
in
contacts
of
the
indicating
contactor
switch
will
safely
carry
this
current
long
enough
to
trip
a
circuit
breaker
.
The
indicating
contactor
switch has
two
taps
that
provide
a
pick
-
up
setting
of
0.2
or
2
amperes
.
To
change
taps
requires
connecting
the lead
located
in
front
of
the
tap
block
to
the desired
setting
by
means
of
a
screw
connection
.
5
.
SETTINGS
There
are
four
settings
in
the
relay
.
The
correct
tap
setting
should
be determined
as
outlined
under
‘
Setting
Calculations
”
1
)
Restraint
taps
-
maximum
or
minimum
To
change
taps
,
connect
the
lead
in
front of
the
relay
to
the
correct
tap
.
2
)
T
tap
-
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
10
,
and
12
3
)
RT
tap
-
A
,
B
,
C
4
)
R
0
tap
-
F
,
G
and
H
8
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

IX
.
41
-
9713
L
TYPE
HCB
RELAY
TYPICAL
OPERATING
CHARACTERISTICS
-
MAXIMUM
RESTRAINT
.
WITH
INSULATING
TRANSFORMERS
AND
2000
OHM
PILOT
WIRES
.
VF
OF
NEAR
&
FAR
RELAYS
IN
PHASE
OR
130
°
OUT
OF
PHASE
IF
3000
tV
-
•
ISJ
•
l
\
-
'
\
Z
\
\
.
i
!
t
-
V
.
i
.
\
i
1
.
V
:
i
-
X
I
:
~
1
t
-
X
I
i
>
\
i
i
\
i
;
\
TT
vT
I
;
t
»
\
V
'
•
V
I
I
f
X
;
M
•
•
Vi
~
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)
•
•
\
J
’
•
»
Xi
»
i
M
itS
2500
i
i
i
•
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•
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iV
i
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:
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:
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•
us
<
I
&
2000
“
c
:
z
V
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v
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;
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*
7
NO
TRIP
AREA
!
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=
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•
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VJ
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~
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V
X
I
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zu
.
1500
V
:
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/
V
:
IV
V
n
\
x
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»
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i
j
-
—
®
i
;
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r
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•
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1
-
CURRENT
-
IN
NEAR
RELAY
(
N
)
—
r
I
•
:
I
I
;
i
i
i
1000
2000
3
C
00
f
+
CUSXEMT
IN
XEAR
RELAY
(
h
)
—
—
PSRCENT
OF
NOMINAL
PICXUP
“
X
M
-
COO
7
i
-
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:
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-
LX
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!
t
I
<
t
WITH
HATCHED
TRANSruRHERS
NORMAL
LOAD
AND
THRU
FAULT
;
7
—
.
!
CURRENT
FALL
ALONG
THIS
UNE
^
V
^
T
"
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K
)
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1
V
^
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»
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ill
:
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•
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CURRENTS
=
THRU
CURRENT
+
-
CURRENTS
=
INTERNAL
FAULT
X
IF
PLOTTED
CURRENT
FALLS
IH
THESE
AREAS
ONLY
ONE
RELAY
TRIPS
!
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I
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Sitb
1
619591
Fig
.
7
.
Typical
Operating
Characteristics
of
the
HCB
-
1
Relay
System
-
Maximum
Restraint
Tap
,
with
4
/
1
Insulating
Transformers
and
2000
-
Ohm
Pilot
Wire
.
VF
of
Near
and
Far
Relays
in
Phase
or
180
°
Out
of
Phase
5.2
Setting
Calculations
5.1
Indicating
Contactor
Switch
(
ICS
)
TheHCB
-
1
relay
has
four
sets
of
taps
:
R
^
T
,
Ro
.
and
restraint
taps
.
The
following
discussion
establishes
limits
forthe
various
tap
settings
under
different
operat
-
ing
conditions
.
It
should
be
kept
in
mind
that
settings
to
obtain
operation
on
minimum
internal
fault
conditions
are
based
on
the
total
fault
current
that
flows
into
the
protected
line
from
all
terminals
.
The
only
setting
required
on
the
ICS
is
the
selection
of
the
0.2
or
2.0
ampere
tap
setting
.
This
selection
is
made
by
connecting
the
lead
located
in
front
of
the
tap
block
to
the
desired
setting
by
means
of
the
connecting
screw
.
9
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
TERMS
The
taps
must
be
set
the
same
at
all
stations
.
Where
the
CT
ratiosare
not
identical
use
auxiliary
CT
’
sto
match
the
currents
within
5
%
of
each other
.
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
,
F
,
G
,
H
-
Relay
taps
total
minimum internal
3
-
phase
secondary
fault
current
fed
from
all
terminals
,
divided
by
the
number
of
terminals
(
2
or
3
)
UP
5.2
.
2
Ground
Fault
Sensitivity (
Rg
TAP
)
The
ground
fault
pickup
is determined
by
G
,
H
and
T
taps
.
(
T
should
be
determined
by
the
phase
setting
.
)
The
minimum
fault
current
lg
should exceed
the
follow
-
ing
:
maximum
secondary
load
current
flowing
through
the
protected
line
.
IL
Tap
A
or
B
:
lg
=
.
20
T
(
Tap
G
)
;
lg
=
.
10
T
(
Tap
H
)
Tap
C
:
lg
=
.
25
T
(
Tap
G
)
;
lg
=
.
12
T
(
Tap
H
)
total
minimum
secondary
ground
fault
current
fed
into
the
protected
line
from
all
ter
-
minals
,
divided
by
the number
of
terminals
.
’
g
For cable
circuits
,
where
the line
charging
current
exceeds
5
%
of
nominal
positive
sequence
pickup
cur
-
rent
,
set
tap
G
;
otherwise
set
tap
H
.
The
taps
must
be
set
identically
at
all stations
.
Use
auxiliary
CT
’
s
where the
main
CT
’
s
have
a
different
ratio
.
The
currents
should
match
within
5
%
.
Inom
.
(
P
-
P
)
nominal
internal
phase
to
phase
fault
sensitivity
.
5.2
.
3
Restraint
Tap
(
Max
.
and
Min
.
Taps
)
Inom
(
P
-
G
)
nominal internal line
to
ground
fault
sensitivity
.
Set
in
maximum
restraint
tap
for
all
two
-
terminal
lines
.
Set
in
minimum
restraint
tap
for
all
three
terminal
lines
.
The
use
of
maximum restraint
on
two
terminal
applications
allows
the
relay
to
be
used
for
all
pilot
wires
as
indicated
in
Table
IV
.
The
use
of
minimum
restraint
on
three
terminal
applications
compensates
for
the
desensitizing
effect
of
a
third
terminal
.
RNC
(
I
)
,
R
NC
(
II
)
current
transformer
ratio
at
Station
I
and
II
respectively
5.2
.
1
Phase Fault
Sensitivity
(
R
1
AND
Taps
)
The
phase
fault
pickup
is determined
by
the
B
,
C
and
T
taps
.
I
n
order
to
operate
on
the
minimum
3
phase
fault
current
,
the
T
tap
should be
set
for
not
more
than
:
Note
:
The
relay
pick
-
up
calibration
will
change
slightly
(
within
5
%
)
between minimum
restraint
tap
and
maximum
restraint
.
In
most
application
,
it
is
not
necessary
to
recalibrate
the
relay
when
changing
to
the
minimum
re
-
straint
tap
.
(
8
)
T
=
l
3
p
(
tap
C
)
;
T
=
0.5
lap
(
tap
B
)
In
order
to
prevent
operation
on
load
current
if
the
pilot
wires
become
open
circuited
,
the
T
tap
should
be
set
for
not
less
than
:
5.2
.
4
Tapped
Loads
Where
one
transformer
bank is
tapped
to
a
line
protected
with
two
HCB
-
1
relays
,
the
critical
point
is
to
set
above
the
fault
current
flow
for
a
fault
on
the
other
side
of
the
bank
.
Set
the
T
for
not
less
than
:
(
tap
B
)
(
9
)
T
=
lL
(
tap
C
)
;
T
=
II
2
The
available
taps
are
:
T
=
1.91
!
PL
(
tapC
)
;
T
=
1.52
IPL
(
tapB
)
(
12
)
T
:
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
10
,
12
where
lPL
=
total
secondary
fault
current
feed
from
all
terminals
to
a
phase
-
to
-
phase
fault
on
the
low
side
of
the
bank
,
divided
by
the
number
of
terminals
(
2
or
3
)
Where
sufficient
fault
current
is
available
,
it
is
recom
-
mended
that
the
relays
be
set
as
follows
:
T
=
1.25
lL
(
tap
C
)
;
T
=
0.62
lL
(
tap
B
)
(
10
)
10
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
Note
:
The
tapped
bank
must
not
act
as
a
ground
source
for
high
-
side
faults
.
Ordinarily
this
means
that
the
R
0
tap
settings
(
G
,
H
)
need
not
be
changed
since
no
zero
-
sequence
cur
-
rent
flows
in
the
line
when
the
low
side
is
grounded
.
5.3
.
2
Ground
fault
pickup
Set
R
0
=
H
For
line
to
ground
fault
:
*
3
"
400
+
285
X
5
=
2.85
A
600
2
5.3
Setting
Example
lnom
=
2
X
0.12
X
4
=
0.96
A
Assume
:
5.3
.
3
Restraint
tap
Two
-
terminal
line
.
CT
ratio
=
600
/
5
Full
-
load
current
=
lL
=
400
A
Minimum
3
-
phase
internal
fault
current
:
Through
Station
I
=
1500
A
Through
Station
II
=
2500
A
Minimum
internal
line
-
to
-
ground
fault
current
:
Through
Station
I
=
400
A
Through
Station
II
=
285
A
Use
maximum
restraint
tap
.
6
.
INSTALLATION
The
relays
should
be
mounted
on
switchboard
panels
or
their
equivalent
in
a
location
free
from
dirt
,
moisture
,
excessive
vibration
,
and
heat
.
Mountthe
relay
vertically
by
means
of
the
four
mounting
holes
on
the
flange
for
semi
-
flush
mounting
,
or
by
means
of
the
rear
mounting
stud
or
studs
for
projection
mounting
.
Either
a
mounting
stud
or
the
mounting
screws
may
be
utilized
for
grounding
the
relay
.
The
electrical
connections
may
be
made
directly
to
the
terminals
by
means
of
screwsfor
steel
panel
mounting
or
to
the
terminal
studs
furnished
with
the
relay
for
thick
panel
mounting
.
The
terminals
stud
may
be
easily
removed
or
inserted
by
locking
two
nuts
on
the
stud
and
then
turning
the
proper
nut
with
a
wrench
.
5.3
.
1
Phase
fault
pickup
1500
+
2500
5
=
16.7
(
tap
C
)
I
(
max
)
=
Igp
=
2
600
l
(
max
)
=
0.513
P
=
8.3
(
tap
B
)
400
For
detailed
Flexitest
case
information
,
refer
to
I
.
L
41
-
076
.
I
(
min
)
=
l
[
_
=
—
=
3.3
(
tap
C
)
120
'
L
7
.
ACCEPTANCE
TESTS
l
(
min
)
=
=
1.7
(
tap
B
)
2
Thefollowing
tests
are
recommended
when
the
relay
is
received
from
the
factory
.
The
phase
fault
current
is
sufficient
to
allow
the
relay
to
be
set
to
prevent
tripping
on
an
open
circuited
pilot
®
wire
.
Therefore
,
the
desired
taps
would
be
:
HCB
-
1
current
pickup
values
will
be
within
5
%
toler
-
ance
of
the
I
.
L
specification
,
onlyforthosetaps
at
which
the
relay
is
calibrated
.
For
other
tap
settings
,
the
tolerance
may
be
higher
than
5
%
of
nominal
,
unless
recalibration
of
the
relay
is
performed
.
T
=
1.251
(
_
=
4.1
(
tapC
)
T
=
0.62
lL
=
2.0
(
tap
B
)
Set
both
relays
forT
=
4
,
R
1
=
C
The
HCB
-
1
is
factory
calibrated
atthe
following
taps
:
“
C
”
Tap
“
H
”
Tap
“
4
”
Amps
If
other
tap
settings
are
used
,
the
HCB
-
1
relay
must
be
recalibrated
at
the
applied
settings
to
obtain
pickup
current
within
5
%
of
the
I
.
L
specifications
.
Rl
:
R
0
:
The
nominal
3
phase
fault
pick
-
up
current
from
equation
7
is
:
T
:
I
=
2
T
=
8
amperes
nom
11
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

LL
.
41
-
971.3
L
INSUL
.
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MA
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0
-
25
MA
0
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(
IN
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RETURN
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PANEL
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o
REMOTE
POSITION
NORMAL
POSITION
CIRCULATING
POSITION
LOCAL
POSITION
NOTE
I
.
TEST
SWITCH
IS
SUPPLED
WITH
ASSEMBLED
CONNECTORS
.
THUS
EXTERNAL
CONNECTIONS
NEED
ONLY
8
E
MADE
AT
DESIGNATED
TCRMNALSL
V
All
i
Sub
3
293
B
225
NOTE
2
.
TEST
SWITCH
CONTACTS
SHOWN
IN
"
NORM
'
POSITION
Fig
.
8
.
HCB
-
1
Relay
Test
Circuits
with
S
#
508
A
468601
-
G
02
Type
W
-
2
Switch
and
S
#
291
B
318
A
09
Milliameter
0
-
5
-
25
ma
Now
,
connect
a
resistance
,
Rpw
,
across
H
1
and
H
4
of
the
insulating
transformer
,
with
a
10
-
mfd
capacitor
connected
between
H
2
and
H
3
.
Connect
a
capacitor
.
CPW
in
parallel
with
Rpw
.
With
Rpw
and
Cpw
set
as
specified
in
Table
V
suddenly
apply
I
35
=
30
amperes
(
through
terminals
3
and
5
)
.
TABLE
V
7.1
Main
Unit
Connectthe
relay
to
the
insulating
transformer
as
shown
in
Figure
8
,
and
set
C
,
H
,
4
and
maximum
restraint
tap
.
With
the
insulating
transformer
terminals
H
1
and
H
4
open
circuited
,
measure
the
minimum
pick
-
up
current
(
min
.
)
,
with
current
applied
through
terminals
7
and
9
.
This
value
should
not
be
greater
than
:
2.25
amperes
I
79
RPW
TEST
-
MAX
.
RESTRAINT
TAP
R
1
=
C
,
RO
=
H
,
T
-
4
Note
:
The
relay
may
operate
at
values
of
cur
-
rent
lower
than
2.25
amperes
depending
upon
the
insulating
transformer
used
and
the
prior
history
of
the
polar
unit
.
The
pickup
should
not
be
lower
than
1.4
amperes
.
To
increase
pickup
,
short
H
1
-
H
4
of
insulating
transformer
,
apply
40
amperes
momentarily
to
terminals
3
and
5
of
relay
and
check
pickup
of
relay
.
Should
be
2
.
l
2
+
5
%
amperes
.
If
not
,
the
polar
unit
should
be
recalibrated
per
“
Polar
Unit
Calibration
.
”
INSULATING
TRANSFORMER
RATIO
Cpw
RPW
*
IN
OHMS
IN
MICROFARADS
1200
1900
0.75
4
to
1
2700
4300
0.33
6
to
1
*
The
relay
should
not
operate
at
the
lower
value
of
RPW
,
but
should
operate
at
the
higher
value
.
12
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
9713
L
Additional
tests
for
the
sequence
filter
and
the
oper
-
ating
unit
are
described
under
“
Calibration
Check
.
”
These
latter
tests
are
not
required
unless
the
relay
fails
to
meet
the
acceptance
tests
.
VF
=
.
8
+
5
%
volts
with
tap
settings
C
and
H
.
Repeat
this
voltage
measurement
with
159
=
3.44
amperes
.
7.2
.
3
Operating
Unit
The
following
test
will
check
the
polar
unit
calibration
and
the
performance
of
the
rectifiers
.
Connect
available
non
-
inductive
resistor
across
the
high
-
voltage
terminals
of
the
insulating
transformer
(
H
1
to
H
4
)
,
and
connect
d
-
c
millimeters
in
series
with
the
operating
and
restraining
coils
of
the
polar
unit
by
opening
these
circuits
.
(
The
restraint
can
be
opened
at
the
tap
circuit
for
max
.
and
min
.
restraint
.
The
operating
circuit
has
to
be
opened
at
the
polar
unit
.
The
operating
coil
terminals
are
the
rear
terminals
of
the
polar
unit
.
)
These
millimeters
should
have
low
resistance
and
should
be
capable
of
reading
in
the
order
of
20
to
25
ma
in
the
operating
coil
and
100
to
150
ma
in
the
restraining
circuit
.
Using
C
,
H
,
and
4
,
energize
the
relay
with
135
=
10
amperes
(
terminals
3
and
5
)
and
increase
the
variable
resistance
across
the
insu
-
lating
transformer
high
-
voltage
terminals
until
the
relay
just
trips
.
The
values
obtained
should
conform
to
the
following
equations
:
7.1
.
1
Indicating
Contactor
Switch
(
ICS
)
Close
the
main
relay
contacts
and
pass
sufficient
direct
current
through
the
trip
circuit
to
close
the
contacts
of
the
ICS
.
This
value
of
current
should
not
be
greater
than
the
particular
ICS
tap
setting
being
used
.
The
indicator
target
should
drop
freely
.
7.2
Calibation
Check
The
following
tests
are
recommended
whenever
a
check
on
the
relay
calibration
is
desired
.
7.2
.
1
Over
-
All
Relay
Check
Over
-
all
calibration
can
be
checked
by
the
proce
-
dure
described
under
“
Acceptance
Tests
.
”
If
the
relay
has
been
recalibrated
in
the
minimum
restraint
tap
(
factory
calibration
is
made
in
the
maximum
restraint
tap
)
the
RPW
test
should
be
made
in
accordance
with
Table
VI
instead
of
Table
V
.
For
minimum
restraint
:
l
0
=
0.12
IR
+
7
For
maximum
restraint
:
l
0
=
0.16
IR
+
7
TABLE
VI
where
l
0
and
lR
are
operating
and
restraining
coil
cur
-
rents
,
respectively
,
in
milliamperes
.
The
results
are
subject
to
variations
between
individual
relays
,
due
to
different
exciting
impedances
of
the
insulating
trans
-
formers
.
However
,
the
value
should
never
be
lower
than
:
RPW
TEST
-
MIN
.
RESTRAINT
TAP
R
1
=
C
,
R
0
=
H
,
T
=
4
RPW
*
INSULATING
TRANSFORMER
RATIO
Cpw
IN
IN
OHMS
MICROFARADS
For
minimum
restraint
:
l
0
=
0.12
IR
+
4
For
maximum
restraint
:
lD
=
0.16
IR
+
4
4
to
1
800
-
1400
0.75
7.3
Calibration
Procedure
6
to
1
1800
-
3100
0.33
If
the
factory
calibration
has
been
disturbed
,
the
following
procedure
should
be
followed
to
recalibrate
the
relay
.
*
The
relay
should
not
operate
at
the
lower
value
of
RPW
,
but
should
operate
at
the
higher
value
.
7.3
.
1
FILTER
CALIBRATION
7.2
.
2
Sequence
Filter
This
adjustment
is
performed
by
means
of
the
taps
on
the
formed
wire
resistor
(
see
Fig
.
2
for
location
)
.
Remove
tap
screw
from
uppertap
plateand
connect
a
high
-
resistance
voltmeter
across
the
common
of
the
uppertap
plate
and
Terminal
2
.
Energize
the
relay
with
17
g
=
2.05
amperes
(
terminals
7
and
9
)
.
The
measured
open
-
circuit
voltage
,
VF
,
should
be
:
1
.
Remove
tap
screw
from
upper
tap
plate
and
set
lower
tap
screws
in
A
and
H
.
13
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
9713
L
2
.
Connect
voltmeter
(
low
-
reading
,
high
resistance
rectox
)
across
tap
A
and the
common
of
the
upper
tap
block
.
7.3
.
3
Polar
Unit
Contact
Adjustment
Place
a
.
088
to
.
095
inch
feeler
gage
between the
right
hand
pole
face
an
the
armature
.
This
gap
should
be
measured
near
the
front of
the
right
hand
pole
face
.
Bring
up
the
backstop
screw
until
it
just
makes
with
the
moving
contact
.
Place
.
045
to
.
050
gage
between
moving
contact
and the
stationary
contact
on
the
left
-
hand side
of
the
polar
unit
.
Bring
up
the
stationary
contact
until
it
just
makes
with
the
gage
and
lock
in
place
.
For
relays
with
double
contacts
make
sure
that
both
upper
and lower
contacts
make
at
the
same
time
.
3
.
Pass
10
amperes
a
.
c
.
into terminal
7
and
out
terminal
5
of
the
relay
and record
voltage
(
Volt
-
age
should be
.
70
to
.
80
)
.
4
.
Remove
voltmeter
leads
and
connect
them
to
non
-
adjustable
point
of formed
resistor
in
rear
of
relay
and
the
front
of
left
hand tube resistor
.
(
F
.
V
.
)
5
.
Adjust
upper
adjustable
point
of formed
resistor
until voltmeter
reads
1.73
times
voltage
of
step
3
.
7.3
.
4
Polar
Unit
Calibation
6
.
Check
of
Calibration
Connect
the
restraint
tap
link in
the
position
in
which
it
will
be used
.
Connect
terminals
X
1
and
X
2
of
the
insulating
transformer
across
the
pilot
-
wire
terminals
of
the
relay
.
Connect
the
relay
taps
on
4
,
C
,
and
H
.
a
.
Settaps
on
C
and
H
.
(
T
tap
removed
)
Pass
10
amps
,
into
terminal
7
and
out
terminal
9
.
Measure
the
voltage
across
terminal
5
and
common
of
upper
tap
block
.
(
Should
be
between
3.8
and
4.0
volts
)
The
sensitivity
of
the
polar
unit
is
adjusted
by
means
of
two
magnetic
,
screwtype
shunts
at
the
rear
ofthe
unit
.
Looking
at
the
relay
front
view
,
turning
outthe
right
-
hand
shunt decreases the
amount
of
current
required
to
dose
to
the
right
hand
stop
.
Conversely
,
drawing
out
the
left
hand shunt
decreases the
amount
required
to
trip
the
relay
.
In
general
,
the
farther
out
the
shunt
screws are
turned
,
the
greater
the
toggles
action
will
be
and
as a
result
,
the
dropout
current
will
be
lower
.
In
adjusting
the
polar
units
,
be
sure
that
a
definite
toggle
action is
obtained
,
rather
than
a
gradual
movement
of
the
arma
-
ture
.
b
.
Pass
10
amperes
into terminal
5
and
out
terminal
7
.
Measure
voltage
across
non
-
ad
-
justable
point
of
formed
resistor
in
rear
of
relay
and
the
front
screw
of
left
hand tube
resistor
(
F
.
V
.
)
.
Voltage
should be
equal
to
1
/
3
of
voltage
of
step
6
a
.
7
.
Connect
voltmeter
to
middle
adjustable
point
and
upper
adjustable
point
of formed
resistor
.
Start
with
both shunts
out
4
to
5
turns
.
Short
out
the
pilot
wire
on
the
high
side
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
Momentarily apply
40
amperes
from
terminals
5
to
3
.
Now
remove
the short
from
H
1
to
H
4
and
apply
current
to
terminals
7
and
9
.
Adjust
the
shunts
at
the
rear
of
the
polar
unit such that the unit
operates
at
2.10
to
2.15
amperes
and
resets at
1.0
amperes
or
higher
.
8
.
Pass
10
amperes
into
terminal
5
and
out
termi
-
nal
7
.
9
.
Adjust
middle
adjustable
point
until
voltage
equals
1
/
3
of
that
of
step
4
.
7.3
.
2
RgTaps
Note
:
right
hand shunt controls
pickup
while
left
hand shunt
controls
dropout
No
adjustments
can
be made
on
the
R
0
resistors
.
Value
of
resistance
can
be checked
by
passing
5
am
-
peres
a
.
c
.
through
terminal
3
and
out
terminal
5
.
T
tap
must
be disconnected
.
Following
voltages
should be
measured
across
terminal
2
and
the
specified
tap
of
R
0
.
Afterthis
adjustment
is
complete
,
short
out
pilot
wire
and
apply
40
amperes
momentarily
from
terminals
5
to
3
.
Now
remove
the
short
from
H
1
to
H
4
and check
pickup
for
l
/
g
.
If
value
has
changed
from
before
,
it
wfll
be
necessary
to
re
-
adjust
the
right
hand shunt
.
Several
trials
may
be
necessary
before
the
relay
will
pickup
at
2.10
amperes
and
dropout
at
1.0
amperes
or
higher
.
In
each
case
,
40
amperes
should
be
applied
to
terminal
5
and
3
with
the
H
1
and
H
4
terminals
shorted
before
any
additional
adjustments
are
performed
on
the
shunt
ROTap
Setting
Volts
A
.
C
.
G
3.8
to
4.2
7.6
to
8.4
H
14
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
Additional
tests
are
recommended
with
the
pilot
wire
connected
as
described
under
“
Complete
System
Test
.
”
After
the
shunts
have
been
adjusted
,
apply
40
am
-
peres
momentarily
to
terminals
3
and
5
of
the
relay
with
the
pilot
wire
open
.
Pickup
will
be
approximately
1.4
amperes
with
current
applied
to
terminals
7
and
9
.
This
change
in
pickup
is
due
to
a
change
in
the
residual
magnetism
in
the
polar
unit
of
the
relay
.
In
the
de
-
energized
state
,
the
permanent
magnet
of
this
unit
produces
a
flux
or
magnetic
bias
to
keep
the
contacts
open
.
When
the
unit
is
energized
,
a
second
flux
(
elec
-
trical
)
is
produced
which
either
adds
toor
subtracts
from
the
magnetic
flux
.
When
the
electrical
flux
is
removed
,
the
magnetic
structure
of
the
polar
unit
is
changed
.
Hence
,
the
flux
produced
by
an
excess
of
restraint
current
,
adds
to
the
magnetic
bias
,
and
the
flux
pro
-
duced
by
an
excess
of
operating
current
subtracts
from
the
magnetic
bias
.
This
characteristic
is
inherent
in
the
polar
unit
and
has
no
effect
on
the
overall
performance
of
the
relay
.
9
.
COMPLETE
SYSTEM
TEST
At
the
time
of
the
initial
installation
and
at
subsequent
maintenance
periods
,
it
is
recommended
thatthefollow
-
ing
relay
system
checks
be
made
,
with
the
pilot
wire
connected
.
9.1
Minimum
Pickup
PRECAUTION
In
making
this
test
with
the
relay
in
place
on
the
switchboard
,
it
is
necessary
to
connect
the
load
box
in
the
circuit
between
the
relay
an
the
“
hot
”
side
of
the
supply
circuit
.
If
this
precaution
is
not
observed
,
it
is
possible
to
cause
a
short
circuit
between
the
grounded
station
service
supply
circuit
and
the
ground
of
the
current
transformer
circuit
.
After
the
shunt
adjustment
has
been
made
,
change
the
input
current
connections
to
terminals
3
and
5
.
Apply
40
amperes
momentarily
with
H
1
and
H
4
terminals
shorted
.
Remove
short
and
measure
pickup
with
cur
-
rent
applied
to
terminals
3
and
5
.
The
relay
should
trip
with
135
=
0.45
to
0.55
amperes
.
The
minimum
pickup
of
each
relay
should
be
checked
before
starting
the
system
tests
.
With
taps
4
CH
,
as
specified
in
Fig
.
9
,
and
the
pilot
wire
circuit
open
on
the
high
side
of
the
insulating
transformer
,
each
relay
should
trip
with
l
^
=
0.45
to
0.55
amp
orwith
Igc
=
2.10
to
2.15
amp
.
8
.
ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE
8.1
Contacts
All
contacts
should
be
cleaned
periodically
.
A
con
-
tact
burnisher
,
S
#
182
A
836
H
01
,
is
recommended
for
this
purpose
.
The
use
of
abrasive
material
for
cleaning
is
not
recommended
,
because
of
the
danger
of
embed
-
ding
small
particles
in
the
face
of
the
soft
silver
and
thus
impairing
the
contact
With
the
pilot
wire
connected
,
energized
one
relay
with
IAN
and
determine
the
minimum
pick
-
up
of
all
relays
.
Repeat
this
test
by
energizing
the
other
relay
or
relays
.
Record
these
values
for
future
reference
.
9.2
Verification
Circuit
Tests
(
Ref
.
Fig
.
9
)
8.2
ICS
Unit
Close
the
main
relay
contacts
and
pass
sufficient
direct
current
through
the
trip
circuit
to
close
the
con
-
tacts
of
the
ICS
.
This
value
of
current
should
not
be
greater
than
the
particular
ICS
tap
setting
being
used
.
The
indicator
target
should
drop
freely
.
In
performing
these
tests
,
the
following
procedure
should
be
used
.
1
.
Standard
testing
equipment
is
recommended
for
permanent
installation
withthe
relays
as
shown
in
Fig
.
8
.
If
this
equipment
is
not
available
,
a
similar
portable
test
should
be
set
up
using
a
low
-
resis
-
tance
-
ac
-
milliammeter
.
8.3
Operating
Unit
Checkthe
relay
minimum
pick
-
up
withthe
pilot
wires
disconnected
from
terminals
H
1
and
H
4
of
the
insulating
transformer
,
by
energizing
with
l
79
current
(
terminals
7
and
9
)
.
Pick
-
up
current
should
be
:
I
79
(
MIN
)
=
.
53
T
+
5
%
AMPERES
2
.
Red
-
handle
flexitest
case
switch
should
be
open
to
interrupt
the
breaker
trip
circuit
.
3
.
A
test
crew
is
necessary
at
each
substation
with
a
means
of
communication
between
them
.
15
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

LL
.
41
-
971.3
L
4
.
When
the
test
calls
for
delivering
only
specified
currents
to
the
relay
,
it
is
necessary
to
use
a
thin
piece
of
insulating
material
in
the
ammeter
test
jack
.
For
example
,
test
#
5
of
Fig
.
9
relay
“
N
”
.
To
apply
phase
A
to
N
current to
the
near
relay only
,
the switches
associated
with
terminals
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
of
figure
3
must
be
open
.
Opening
switches
6
and
8
short
circuits
the
current
transformers
for
phases
B
and
C
.
However
,
it
is also
necessary
to
insert
the
insulating
material
in
the
ammeter test
jacks
associated
with
terminals
7
and
9
in
orderto
break
UP
the
connection
between the
filter
in
the
relay
chassis and the
grounded
input
circuits
from
current
transformer
circuits
from
current
transformers
in
phases
B
and
C
.
leads
from
the
pilot
wire
terminals
to
the
insulating
transformer
(
open
H
1
and
H
4
)
at
that terminal
.
This
leaves
the
remaining
portion
of
the
line
operating
as a
two
terminal line
.
Now
perform
the
normal
tests
as
outlined
for
the
two
terminal line
system
test
.
When
these
test
have
been
satisfactorily
completed
,
return
the
third
terminal
relay
to
normal and
close the
breaker
at
that
station
.
Repeatthe
above
procedure
witha
different
breaker
open
and
relay
disconnected
.
This
will
com
-
plete
the check
of
the three terminal line
.
9.4
Energy
Requirements
The volt
-
ampere
burden
of
the
type
HCB
-
1
relay
is
practically
independent
of
the
pilot
-
wire resistance
and
of
the
current
tap
used
.
The
following
burdens
were
measured
at
a
balanced three
-
phase
current
of
5
am
-
peres
:
5
.
Tofacilitatemakingtest
#
2
ofFig
.
9
,
towammeter
test
plug
wired
together
with
a
foot
or
two
of
flexible
wire
should
be used
.
With
these
two
test
plugs
suitably
wired
together
,
one
of
them
may
be
shoved
in
the
ammeter
test
jack
associated
withterminal
9
,
Figure
3
.
(
Thisshouldnotbedone
until the switches
for
terminals
6
and
8
have been
open
,
thus
short
circuiting
the
current
transform
-
ers
involved
)
.
It
is
desirable
to
wire the
test
plugs
together
such
that
when
one
is shoved
in
the
one
ammeter test
jack
with
the
red side
up
,
and
the
other
is
shoved
in the
other
ammeter
test
jack
with
the black side
up
,
it
is
then known
that the
B
and
C
phase
currents to
the
relay
have been
reversed
at
the
input
to
the
chassis
in
line
with
test
#
2
,
Fig
.
9
.
After
these
test
plugs
are
properly
inserted
,
it
is then
appropriate
to
close the
switches associated
with
terminals
6
and
8
,
Fig
.
3
,
in
order
to
remove
the
short
circuit
from
the
current
transformer
secondaries
.
Phase
B
Phase
C
Relay
Phase
A
Taps
VA
Angle
VA
Angle
VA
Angle
A
-
F
-
4
ATH
-
10
B
-
F
-
4
B
-
H
-
10
C
-
F
-
4
OH
-
10
2.4
5
°
3.25 0
*
0.6
O
'
0.8
100
*
0.63
O
'
2.35
90
*
0.78
CT
3.83 80
*
2.5
50
*
1.28
55
*
2.45
55
*
2.3 0
*
4.95
0
*
2.32 0
*
6.35 342
*
0.3 60
*
2.36
50
*
1.98
185
*
*
Single
Phase
to
Neutral
Current
of
5
A
Relay
Phase
A
Phase
B
Phase
C
Taps
VA
Angle
VA
Angle
VA
Angle
ArF
-
4
A
-
H
-
10
B
-
F
-
4
B
-
H
-
10
OF
-
4
OH
-
10
2.47
0
*
736 0
*
2.45 0
*
16.8
55
*
2.49
0
*
31.2
41
*
2.1
10
*
12.5 53
'
2.09
15
*
1.97
20
*
6.7
26
*
2.07
10
*
22.0
50
*
12.3
38
*
1.99
15
*
36.0
38
*
2.11
15
*
23.6
35
*
Perform
the
tests
as
indicated
in
Figure
9
recording
the milliameter
readings
and
the
relay
input
current
at
the
same
instant
,
for future reference
.
The
headings
“
Circulating
”
and
“
Remote
”
in
the
table
of
Figure
9
refer
to
the
test
switch
positions
,
“
CIRC
”
and
“
REM
.
”
For
tests
3
to
6
of
Figure
9
,
the
input
current
should be
increased
to
about
1.5
amperes
by
an
auxiliary
current
transformer
,
if
the
secondary
load
current
is
below this
value
.
Also record the
input
and
output
readingswith
the
test
switch
in
the
“
Local
”
position
.
Typical
values
forthe
“
Local
”
position
readings
are
shown
in
Figure
13
.
The
angles
above
are
the
degrees
by
which
the
current
lags
its
respective
voltage
.
The continuous
rating
of
the
relay
is
10
amperes
.
The
two
-
second overload
ratings
of
the
relay
are
150
amperes
phase
and
125
amperes
ground
currents
.
9.5
Pilot
-
Wire
Energy
The
current
and
voltage
impressed
on
the
pilot
wire
do
not
exceed
100
milliamperes
and
60
volts
.
The
wave
form
and
magnitude
of
the
pilot
-
wire
current
are
such
that
telephone
interference
is
within
theiimits
allowed
by
the
local
operating
telephone
company
.
This
permits
the
use
of
leased
telephone
lines
as a
pilot
-
wire channel
.
9.3
Three
Terminal
Lines
A
similar
procedure
to
Figure
9
should
be
followed
forthree
-
terminal
line
applications
.
In
this
case
open
the
line
circuit breaker
at
one
terminal
,
and
disconnect
the
16
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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L
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41
-
9713
L
APPROXIMATE
RESISTANCE
VALUES
OF
COMPONENTS
IN
HCB
-
1
RELAY
Start
to
Tap
20
to
30
ohms
Start
to
Finish
110
to
140
ohms
Transformer
Secondary
Winding
290
-
320
ohms
Polar
Unit
Operating
Coil
Maximum
12
-
16
ohms
Minimum
9
-
12
ohms
Restraining
Coil
Polar
Unit
41
-
44
ohms
Rc
Resistor
Total
of
1.6
ohms
Tube
Resistor
R
0
0.131
ohms
Formed
Resistor
R
1
IN
91
Germanium
Diodes
Rectifiers
0.2
amp
Tap
6.5
ohms
2.0
amp
Tap
0.15
ohms
Indicating
Contactor
-
Switch
10
.
RENEWAL
PARTS
Repair
work
can
be
done
most
satisfactorily
at
the
factory
.
However
,
interchangeable
parts
can
be
fur
-
nished
to
users
who
are
equipped
for
doing
repair
work
.
When
ordering
parts
,
always
give
the
complete
name
-
plate
data
.
17
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
C
.
T
.
'
s
ywy
C
.
T
.
'
s
-
AVr
Transmission Line
F
”
Relay
«
4
Insulating
Transformers
“
N
”
Relay
T
.
HCB
-
l
Pilot
Wires
HCB
-
l
.
I
:
wT
Pilot
Wire
Current
*
read
with
Milliammeters
Test
Switches
T
I
Note
:
The
line
should be
carrying through
load
current
amounting
to
at
least
1.5
amperes
as
measured
in
the
secondary
of
the
Current
Transformers
.
This
test
is
based
on
the
ratio
of
the
C
.
T
.
’
s
being
the
same
at
each
end
of
the
line
.
In
performing
these
tests
,
the
verification
tests
of
page
15
should
be
followed
.
1
.
Test
#
1
of
#
2
:
The
relay
at
both
ends
of
the
line should
be
set
on
Rj
=
C
,
Ro
=
F
,
and
T
=
4
.
This
setting
will
permit
tests
,
1
&
2
to
be
performed
without
the
influence
of
any
zero
sequence
current
unbalance
which
may
exist
.
2
.
Test
#
3
,
4
,
5
,
and
6
:
The
relay
at
both ends
of
the line should be
set
on
=
C
,
RQ
=
H
,
and
T
=
4
.
RELAY
”
N
”
RELAY
"
F
”
Test
Switch
NABC
Test
Switch
NABC
Pilot
Wire
Current
”
Pilot
Wire
Current
”
05
O
*
Z
4
4
4
I
Relay
Trip
Relay
Current
Relay
Trip
Relay
Current
w
o
b
Z
b
Remote
Circ
.
Circ
.
Local
Local
Remote
ttii
tt
«
(
1
)
(
1
)
A
.
B
.
C
.
N
No
(
1
)
1
No
(
1
)
1
(
1
) (
1
)
A
.
B
.
C
.
N
(
2
)
(
2
)(
2
)
A
.
C
.
B
.
N
(
2
)(
2
)
2
No
2
No
A
.
C
.
B
.
N
(
2
)
(
3
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
3
A
.
N
Yes
None
(
4
)(
3
)
(
3
) (
4
)
None
(
4
)
3
O
Yes
UKJJf
4 4
4
4
(
3
)
(
4
)
None
(
4
) (
3
)
O
A
,
N
Yes None
(
4
)
Yes
(
3
)
(
4
)
4
4
(
3
)
tii
*
tu
;
(
3
)
(
3
)
A
.
N
No
No
5
(
3
)
5
A
,
N
(
3
)
(
3
)
(
3
)
l
£
Cl
!
(
3
)(
4
)
(
3
) (
4
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
6
A
.
N
Yes
(
6
)
(
6
)
6
B
.
C
.
N
Yes
(
3
)
(
4
)
REMARKS
Tests
1
and
2
are
to
check
normal
positive
sequence
rotation
of
phases
.
Tests
3
and
4
simulate
internal
Phase
A
to
Ground
fault
with
single
end feed
.
Test
5
simulates
an
external Phase
A
to
Ground
fault
.
(
5
)
Test
6
simulates
an
internal Phase
A
to
Ground
fault
,
with
equal
feed
from
the
two
ends
,
since
Ig
+
Ic
=
*
A
’
balanced
load
.
To
Relay
UBC
LEGEND
OF
TEST SWITCH
SYMBOLS
:
Phase
A
current
from
C
.
T
.
’
s
to
Relay
.
Phase
B
and
C
.
T
.
’
s
shorted
to
neutral
.
.
.
Ill
EXAMPLE
Normal
Connection
.
All
Currents
to
NABC
Relay
.
To
C
.
T
.
’
s
Fig
.
9
.
HCB
-
1
Relay
System
Verification
Tests
18
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
(
1
)
The
“
pilot
wire
current
”
will
vary
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
through
load
current
and
the
characteristics
of
the
pilot
wire
.
See
Figures
11
,
12
and
13
.
Since
the
relay
is
temporarily
connected
for
negative
sequence
,
these
currents
should
be
approximately
2.3
times
the values
of
test
1
.
These
readings
may
be
“
off
scale
”
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
load
current
.
The
relay
at
this
station
should
reset
because the
relay
operating
coil
will
be
receiving
no
current
from
either
the
pilot
wire
or
the
current
transformers
.
Test
4
and
5
can
be
repeated
using
phase
B
to
neutral
current
and
again
with
phase
C
to
neutral
current
,
but
this
is
not
strictly
necessary
on
the
basis
that
,
having
proved
the
phase
sequence
with
tests
1
and
2
,
and
having
proved
the
correspon
-
dence
of
phase
A
at
the
two
ends
of
the line
with
test
5
,
then
phases
B
and
C
must
be
correct
.
Some
pilot
wire
current
will
be
read
,
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
distributed
capacity
of
the
pilot
wire
in
com
-
bination with the
magnetizing
impedance
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
(
2
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
(
5
)
(
6
)
INTERPRETATION OF
TESTS
1
.
Tests
#
1
and
#
2
are
designed
to
indicate
that
the
relays
have been wired with
the
correct
phase
rotation
.
a
.
If
either
relay
has
inadvertently
been
connected
for
the
wrong
phase
rotation
,
then the
fact
will
be
apparent
when
reading
local
current
.
Local
current
should be
interpreted
from
Figure
13
,
with
the
amount
of
load
current
which is
present
.
Although
Figure
13
shows
positive
sequence
amperes
input
for
the
abscissa
,
it
can
still be
used
to
interpret
test
#
2
in
line with
note
(
2
)
because
,
with the
relay
on
tap
Rj
=
C
as
specified
,
and
with the
temporary
reversal
of
phases
B
and
C
,
the
relay
has
an
increased
output
as
noted
in
note
(
2
)
.
b
.
In
the
event
the
pilot
wire
is
open
-
circuited
,
the
apparent
circulating
current
will
be
quite
low
,
being
limited
to
the
magnetizing
current
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
Also
,
it
will
not
be
possible
to
read
current
from
the
remote
end
.
c
.
If
the
pilot
wire is short
-
circuited
,
then the
circulating
current
will be
near
normal
,
but
it
will
not
be
possible
to
read
current
from
the
remote
end
.
2
.
If
the
pilot
wire is reversed
,
(
a
)
the
circulating
current
will be low
on
test
#
1
,
but
it
will be
possible
to
read
pilot
-
wire
cur
-
rent
from
the
remote
relay
,
(
b
)
Both
relays
will
trip
on
test
#
5
.
If
the
monitoring
relays
also
suffer
from
this
error
in
connection
,
then the
error
should
be corrected
at
one
relay
location
by
reversing
the
connections
to
the
H
1
-
H
4
terminals
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
However
,
if
the
monitoring
relays
do
not
suffer from
this
error
,
then the
polarity
of
the
pilot
wires insofar
as
the
HCB
-
1
relay
installation
is
concerned
may
be
suitably
corrected
by
making
a
reversal
of
connections
either
at
the
Xj
-
X
2
ter
-
minals
of
one
insulating
transformer
,
or
at
the
output
terminals
of
the
relay
,
#
18
and
#
19
,
Figure
3
.
3
.
If
the
phases
are
rolled
at
one
end
of
the
line
,
then
this will
be
picked
up
by
test
#
5
.
On
test
#
5
,
neither
relay
should
trip
when
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
is
delivered
to
each
of
the
two
relays
with the
switching
arrangement
as
shown
and discussed
However
,
if
one
or
both
relays
trip
,
then
try
checking
the
near
relay
,
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
,
against
phase
-
B
-
to
-
neutral
cur
-
rent
at
the
far
relay
.
Also
,
check
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
at
the
near
relay
against
phase
-
C
-
to
-
neutral
current
at
the
far
relay
.
If
,
for
example
,
neither
relay
trips
when
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
is
used
for
the
near
relay
and
phase
-
B
-
to
-
neutral
current
is
used
at
the
far
relay
,
then
it
is
an
indication
that
what had
been
thought
to
be
phase
B
current
at
the
far
location
really
identifies
with
phase
A
current
at
the
near
location
.
This identifies
a
rolled
-
phase
condition
,
and
also
indicates
the correction
which
must
be
made
in
the
connections
of
the
current
transformer
input
to
the
relay
.
4
.
One
combination
of
errors
which
is
somewhat
tricky
to
pick
up
is the
combination
of
pilot
wires
reversed
plus
a
rolled
-
phase
condition
at
one
end
.
Let
it
be
assumed
that
the
pilot
wire
is
reversed
at
the
far
end
,
making
an
error
of
180
degrees
.
Then let
it
be assumed
that
the
phases
are
also rolled
by
120
degrees
,
thereby
adding
another
error
of
120
degrees
.
Adding
these
two
together brings
the total
up
to
300
degrees
,
which
is within
60
degrees
of
what would
be normal
.
Because
of
this
,
the
only
symptom
which
will
appear
in
the
fust four
tests
is
that
the
circulating
current
is
likely
to
be lower
than
one
would
expect
when
read
at
one
end
or
the other
on
test
#
1
.
However
,
test
#
5
may
be used
to
identify
this
combination
of
errors
.
When
the condi
-
tion exists
as
described
,
when
test
#
5
is
extended
to
check
phase
A
current
at
the
near
end
against
each
of
the three
currents
at
the
far
end
in
turn
,
it
will
be
found
that
at
least
one
of
the
two
relays
will
always
trip
.
If
this
condition is
found
,
reverse
the
pilot
-
wire connection
,
check
out
the rolled
-
phase
condition and
correct
it
,
and
then
proceed
with
all
six
tests
.
5
.
Test
#
6
is
a
final
verification
test
.
19
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.3
L
-
rfWFt
-
.
f
92
7
4
1
C
KT
*
I
*
J
I
v
te
s
>
r
*
n
Ul
Hca
-
i
^
RELAY
t
Ot
*
.
8
?
1
1
Ml
OB
OA
ftl
Cs
-
TOTAL
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