UAB Aldrea Totem MiniLab User manual

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MiniLab User Guide
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Totem by UAB Aldrea
ver 1.1!

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Totem MiniLab
Table of contents
Introduction 3.........................................................
Who is it for 3......................................................................................................................
What’s in the box 3..............................................................................................................
Overview 4..............................................................
LabBoard 4...........................................................................................................................
TotemDuino 5......................................................................................................................
Using MiniLab 6.....................................................
Powering up 6......................................................................................................................
Measuring voltages 8...........................................................................................................
Setting output voltage 9.......................................................................................................
Digital inputs 11...................................................................................................................
Frequency meter 13.............................................................................................................
Measuring current 14..........................................................................................................
Setting programmable voltage output 16............................................................................
Using pulse counter 18........................................................................................................
Generating pulses 19............................................................................................................
Programming with MiniLab 22..............................
Connecting MiniLab to your computer 22..........................................................................
Using Arduino IDE 23.........................................................................................................
Expanding MiniLab 28...........................................
Using breadboards 28.........................................................................................................
Side panels 29......................................................................................................................
What’s next 31.........................................................
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Introduction
We at Totem congratulate you on getting your first electronics laboratory! Totem MiniLab
contains all the necessities for starting your path in the world of electronics and
programming. This document will guide you through all the steps in getting to know your
MiniLab, setting it up and learning about all of its capabilities.
Using MiniLab should be simple and fun! While building it, we tried to address and
improve all the negative parts about prototyping — no longer you’ll have to deal with
messy wiring, fragile connections and headaches of where to mount every separate part of
your experiment.
MiniLab is meant to be used together with Totem construction system which allows users
to build solid workbenches with integrated breadboards, as well as available expansion
boards which can expand the capabilities of the MiniLab even further.
Who is it for
Our main goal with MiniLab is to make a platform which would give an easy and
approachable way for students and young makers communities to build up on, using it as
a stepping stone into the world of electronics and programming.
While not intended to be used in place of a professional level equipment, MiniLab has its
own advantages — small size, speed of setup and versatility could find its place in any
makers shop.
What’s in the box
In the MiniLab kit you’ll find:
•TotemDuino - our improved version of Arduino UNO platform,
•LabBoard - a capable experimentation and measuring platform,
•34-pin flat cable — use it to connect TotemDuino and LabBoard together,
•Collection of Totem construction parts — for building Totem workbench.
• Voltage adapter — to power MiniLab from the mains,
• Breadboards — to extend your experimentation area,
• Breadboard cables — short male to male cables useful for experimentation,
• Building instructions — suggested use of Totem parts for building a workbench
where everything neatly mounts together.
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Overview
MiniLab at its core consists of two main parts - LabBoard and TotemDuino. In this
chapter, their main attributes are presented together with a quick feature list. While the
best functionality is achieved when using them together connected via supplied flat cable,
they can fully function on their own, keeping in mind that some functionality such as
TotemDuino connections will not be available without main TotemDuino board.
LabBoard
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Fig. 1 MiniLab board overview
This board has a dual use — firstly it can be used as an expansion board to the
TotemDuino system, offering easily accessible input and output connections, and secondly
— it is a measuring and testing unit, containing such modules as:
•Digital to Analog converter — a 3 channel, 12 bit converter, capable of outputting a
pre-set voltage in the 0-2.5V range.
•Voltage measure — three inputs in the +-0.5 V, +-5V and +-50V range.
•Current measure — sensing current up to 800 mA.
•Frequency meter — digital signal frequency measurement module, capable of signals
up to 1 MHz.
•Pulse counter — digital signal pulse counter, counting up to 999999999 pulses in a
signal.
•Pulse generator — unit capable of generating finite or infinite series of pulses, with
programmable pulse width and period.
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TotemDuino
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Fig. 2 TotemDuino board
TotemDuino expands upon the great Arduino UNO platform idea. While it is kept fully
backwards compatible with Arduino, a lot of additional features are included as well, such
as:
•Output protection — nothing limits creativity as the fear of making a mistake and
breaking something. TotemDuino comes with all of its output pins going into LabBoard
protected against over-voltage or short-circuit conditions. No experiment could go
wrong this way!
•Expansion port — a 34 pin flat-cable connection connects to the LabBoard for easy
pin access.
•Powerful 5 V regulator — you'll be less likely to run out of power while
experimenting with higher power loads such as motors.
•Selectable microcontroller logic voltage — as the world progresses from 5 V
towards 3.3 V logic voltage, TotemDuino can work with both just by the flip of a switch,
without the need for any additional adapters or converters.
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Using MiniLab
In this chapter all of the main features of the MiniLab are explained and a usage example
is provided for each of intended use-case. Features discussed here do not affect
TotemDuino, and work independently from it, so no matter what code or experiment
you’re working on at a given time, all of the LabBoard features are still available to use.
If used together with suggested Totem construction system, MiniLab is mounted in the
workbench style system, which allows easy access to all of available pins, as well as
breadboard work area.
Fig. 3 An ongoing experiment on MiniLab workbench
Powering up
MiniLab comes with a 12 V, 1.5 Amp external power supply. Internally, supply voltage is
then regulated into several voltages needed to run various parts of the system. Each of
these can be used during measurements or experiments, as they do have easily accessible
pins that equipment can be connected to.
While MiniLab can easily use any of the available voltage for your experiments, digital
signals going to and from TotemDuino shouldn’t be higher than the currently selected
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running voltage for it. A selector switch on the TotemDuino board can set the supply
voltage for the TotemDuino microcontroller either at 5 or 3.3 volts. This allows you to set
the logic level interfacing with various external equipment that could only be used at one
of these voltages without any additional voltage level converters. Refer to TotemDuino
section for explanation on how to set the voltage.
Voltages that are available to use are:
• 12 V, 1.0 A — direct supply voltage,
• 5 V, 0.5 A — regulated supply voltage, shared with TotemDuino,
• 3.3 V, 0.25 A — regulated supply voltage, shared with TotemDuino and LabBoard
processor,
• -5 V, 0.5 A — separate regulated voltage, for experimentation with operation amplifiers,
•0..3.3 V programmable regulated voltage output, up to 0.35 A.
A power supply schematic is provided for reference:
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Fig. 4 Power regulators in MiniLab
It is possible to run only from USB power, but in that case modules relying on higher
voltage, such as programmable regulator will not be available.
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Measuring voltages
LabBoard has a 3 channel voltage measurement module. Each has a pre-set measurement
range:
• ± 0.5 V - best to be used when measuring small scale signals when maximum precision
is required.
• ± 5 V - for measuring TTL logic level signals.
• ± 50 V - for external signal measuring.
Left display is used in the LabBoard for showing currently measured voltage. Currently
active channel is selected with a button under the display, and the current active channel
LED lights up.
Display shows value in millivolts when using ± 0.5 V channel, otherwise the output is in
Volts. Blinking display indicates that currently measured voltage is negative.
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Fig. 5 Voltage measuring module
Example
1. Connect the ± 5 V input with a 3.3 Volt output.
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2. Press the channel selector button until the ± 5 V input LED lights up.
3. Observe the display — it should indicate a value close to 3.3 Volts:
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Fig. 6 Measuring one of the supply voltages
Setting output voltage
Using inbuilt 3 channel Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) allows you to output any
voltage in the 0..3V range, at up to 15 mA current. This is useful for experimenting with
comparators or operational amplifiers, as they need various reference or input voltages.
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Fig. 7 Programmable output voltage
Middle display is used for showing the current output voltage for the active channel,
which itself is indicated by the middle column of LED’s. Pressing middle SELECT button
allows you to change the active channels. To edit currently preset voltage, SELECT button
must be held until LED starts blinking. Then SET+ and SET- buttons can be pressed to
adjust currently selected channels voltage. All other inactive channels still keep the same
preset voltage until it’s changed by SET buttons on the side of the board.
Example
1. Connect the DAC1 output to the ± 5 V voltage measuring channel input.
2. Using middle select button switch the current output channel until DAC1 Out LED
lights up.
3. Using left select button switch the measure channel to ± 5 volts.
4. Hold SELECT button until DAC1 Out LED starts to blink.
5. Using Set+ and Set- button change the output value of the DAC1 channel.
6. Observe that voltage measure display follows the same value as the DAC output one.
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Fig. 8 Example usage of output voltage module
Digital inputs
MiniLab has a two channel digital input module, meant to indicate the current logic state
of the signal with an LED.
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Fig. 9 Using digital inputs
0 to 6 Volts are accepted input range. A low input value (0..1.3V) turns of corresponding
LED, where a high value (1.8V..6V) turns the LED on.
Example
1. Connect DIG1 input with +5V output
2. Observe that DIG1 LED follows the state of the input by lighting up.
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Fig. 10 Example usage of Digital input
Frequency meter
This module allows to measure digital signal frequency in 0..1 MHz range. This is a
special mode, which temporarily disables all other modules while this one is active.
To enter into frequency measurement mode, hold the SET- button until the display clears
up and shows “H2”.
Frequency meter uses DIG1 as its input. Only signals in the amplitude from 3.3 V to 5 V
can be measured.
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Fig. 11 Frequency measurement module
Experiment
1. First find a source digital signal with the frequency that you want to measure. As an
example, you could use a “PlayMelody” sketch from Arduino webpage, which plays a
tone on one of digital outputs.
2. Code the sketch to TotemDuino.
3. Connect the digital signal (in the “PlayMelody” example, D9 is used) with the
frequency meter input DIG1 pin.
4. Observe that frequency meter measured a frequency (in the “PlayMelody” case it
should be close to 524 Hz).
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Fig. 12 Measuring 524 Hz signal with LabBoard
Measuring current
TotemDuino has a current measuring module, which allows to measure current up to 800
mAmps. Rightmost display is used for showing current measurement result, when the
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current mode is mAmp (indicated by an LED). As the current sensor reuses the same
hardware as used in voltage measurement module, you need to connect the signal from
the shunt resistor with +-0.5 V channel:
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Fig. 13 Current measuring module
Experiment
1. Connect SHUNT and ± 0.5 V input together.
2. Connect any external circuit (in this example a 100 Ohm resistor is used), powering it
from the LabBoard +5 V output, but instead of connecting negative end to ground,
connect it to SHUNT ground pin.
3. Using right select button switch into mAmp mode.
4. Observe that it measures close to 5 mA.
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Fig. 14 Current measuring example using 100 Ohm resistor
Setting programmable voltage output
LabBoard has a built-in variable voltage output module, capable of providing up to Vin - 3
V at up to 500 mA. Vin is the supply voltage for the MiniLab (Vin = 12 V when using an
included power adaptor).
Output for the regulator is marked with VREG symbol. The current output value in Volts
is shown on the right display and can be changed with SET+ and SET- buttons when
VREG mode is activated. The last set value persists even when the mode is changed, so
once setup is done, it can be changed to measure current flowing from the VREG.
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Fig. 15 Programmable regulated voltage output
Example
1. Connect VREG together with ± 50 V input.
2. Set the VREG voltage to some value.
3. Observe that the ± 50 V input measurement follows the VREG setting.
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Fig. 16 Measuring programmable output voltage
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Using pulse counter
LabBoard has a special mode where digital pulses sent to DIG1 are counted. This works
only with digital logic-level signals, and has a maximum frequency of 1 MHz.
Pulse counter mode is selected by holding STEP+ button for at least 3 seconds. When in
this mode, all other features are deactivated. All three displays show the number of pulses
counted, and up to 999999999 pulses can be registered.
To exit back from the pulse counter mode press STEP+ button.
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Fig. 17 Pulse counter module
Example
1. Similarly to frequency measurement mode, here a digital signal is again needed. In this
example a “blink” demo sketch is used, outputting 1 Hz signal.
2. Connect D9 output pin to DIG1 pulse counter input.
3. Enter pulse counter mode by holding SET+ button.
4. Observe that the counter increments every second.
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Fig. 18 Pulse counter experiment
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Generating pulses
LabBoard can also be used as a digital signal generator with programmable output signal
period and pulse width. It can work in infinite mode, where signals are generated until
stopped, or in finite mode, when only a preset number of pulses are emitted.
To enter generator mode, hold left SELECT button for at least 3 seconds. This will cause
LabBoard to go into special signal generation mode. In this mode all other modules are
paused, only the generator part is active.
Once in the generator mode, all three screens turns off briefly, then “PPP” is presented on
the leftmost screen. Pressing corresponding SELECT button enters into signal generation
mode configuration screen. This is confirmation entry mode:
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Fig. 19 Confirmation mode entry
While entering numerical value in numerical entry mode in the configuration menu,
rightmost SELECT button always toggles over available configuration entry, middle and
left SELECT are used for selecting currently active number (indicated by a blinking dot)
to be adjusted with SET+ and SET- buttons. This is a numerical entry mode:
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Fig. 20 Numerical mode entry
In the following list, all available menu entries are described. Refer to figures above
describing how to orientate in the menu system.
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1. Delete settings / Exit mode screen, confirmation mode type:
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Fig. 21 Delete/Exit mode screen
Left selection — exit from pulse generation mode,
Right selection — Confirm deletion of previously entered values in pulse generation
configuration
2. Period setting screen, numerical value parameter type:
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Fig. 22 Period entry screen
Active selection value — current period in µs.
3. Pulse width setting screen, numerical value parameter type:
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Fig. 23 Pulse width entry screen
Active selection value — current pulse width in µs. Mustn’t be larger than period
length.
4. Pulse count setting screen, numerical value parameter type:
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Fig. 24 Pulse count entry screen
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