Vanguard Instruments Company TRF-100 User manual

TRF-100
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER TURNS-RATIO METER
USER’S MANUAL
Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc.
1520 S. Hellman Ave.
Ontario, California 91761, USA
TEL: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
April, 2016
Revision 1.0

TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
i
SAFETY SUMMARY
FOLLOW EXACT OPERATING PROCEDURES
Any deviation from procedures described in this User’s Manual may create one or more safety hazards, damage
the TRF-100, damage the test transformer, or cause errors in the test results. Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc.
assumes no liability for unsafe or improper use of the TRF-100. The following safety precautions must be observed
during all phases of test setup, test hookups, testing, and test lead disconnection.
SAFETY WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
The TRF-100 shall be used only by trained operators. All transformers under test shall be off-line and fully
isolated. Always ground the TRF-100 to a substation ground before connecting the test cables to a transformer. Do
not perform test procedures or service unless another person is also present who is capable of rendering aid and
resuscitation.
SERVICE AND REPAIR
• Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to any TRF-100 test unit.
• Repairs must be performed only by Vanguard Instruments Company factory personnel or by an authorized
repair service provider. Unauthorized modifications can cause safety hazards and will void the manufacturer’s
warranty.
EQUIPMENT RATINGS
IP Rating: The enclosure for TRF-100 has an IP rating of 32.
Pollution Degree: The TRF-100 has a pollution rating of 2.
Operating Voltage: The TRF-100 is rated for use with an operating voltage of 120V or 240V, auto-ranging ±10% of
selected voltage.
Power Cord: The TRF-100 is supplied with a 16 AWG, 16A power cord with a NEMA 5-15P plug. Replacement cable
shall have the same or better rating and is available through the manufacturer.
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS
The TRF-100 must be operated with the enclosure lid open.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
Indicates that caution should be exercised
Indicates location of chassis ground terminal
CLEANING
To clean the TRF-100:
• Disconnect all cables and turn the unit off.
• Use a soft, lint-free cloth to wipe all surfaces clean.
• Avoid getting moisture in openings and connectors.
• Don't use any cleaning products or compressed air.

REV 1.0 TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT ....................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 General Description and Features ................................................................................... 2
1.2 TRF-100 Technical Specifications ..................................................................................... 4
1.3 Controls and Indicators .................................................................................................... 5
2.0 PRE-TEST SETUP ................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 LCD Screen Contrast Control ............................................................................................ 7
2.2 Printer Paper Control (if printer installed) ....................................................................... 7
2.3 Printer Paper (if printer installed) .................................................................................... 7
3.0 OPERATING PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Connection Diagrams ....................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1. Typical Connections to a Delta-Wye Transformer ................................................... 8
3.1.2. Typical Connections to a Single Phase Transformer ................................................ 9
3.1.3. Typical Connections to a Voltage Regulator .......................................................... 10
3.1.4. Typical Connections to a Donut Type (un-mounted) Current Transformer........... 11
3.1.5. Typical Connections to a Multi-Tap Current Transformer ..................................... 12
3.1.6. Typical Connections to a Bushing Mount CT on a Single Phase Transformer ........ 13
3.1.7. Typical Connections to Bushing Mount CT’s on Delta Transformer ...................... 14
3.1.8. Typical Connections to Bushing Mount CT’s on Wye Transformer ....................... 15
3.2 Setting the Test Voltage ................................................................................................. 16
3.3 Toggling the Calibration Notification Feature ............................................................... 18
3.4 Setting the User Interface Language ............................................................................. 20
3.5 Setting the Date and Time ............................................................................................. 22
3.6 Using the Turns Ratio Calculator ................................................................................... 23
3.7 Performing Tests ............................................................................................................ 25
3.7.1. Entering Test Record Header Information ............................................................. 25
3.7.2. Testing a Single Phase Transformer ....................................................................... 28
3.7.3. Performing a Three-Phase Test (dT-Y Example) ..................................................... 35
3.7.4. Performing a Special Transformer Test .................................................................. 43
3.7.5. Performing a Quick Test ......................................................................................... 49
3.7.6. Testing a Three Phase Transformer Using Auto Detect Mode .............................. 52
3.8.1. Restoring a Test Record From Flash EEPROM ........................................................ 56
3.8.2. Reviewing a Test Record ........................................................................................ 60
3.8.3. Printing the Test Record Directory (TRF-100 with built-in printer option only) .... 62
3.8.4. Erasing Test Records from the Flash EEPROM ....................................................... 64
3.9 Working With Test Plans ................................................................................................ 67
3.9.1. Performing a Test Using a Transformer Test Plan .................................................. 67
3.9.2. Unloading a Test Plan From the Working Memory ................................................ 73
3.9.3. Printing the Test Plan Directory (TRF-100 with built-in printer option only) ........ 75
3.9.4. Printing a Test Plan (TRF-100 with built-in printer option only) ............................ 77
4.0 DIAGNOSTICS, VERIFICATION, AND TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................. 80
4.1 Performing an H and X Cable Diagnostic Test ............................................................... 80

TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
iii
4.2 Performing a Verification Test ....................................................................................... 82
APPENDIX A – TRANSFORMER VECTOR GROUP CODES ............................................................... 84
APPENDIX B – Common ANSI Transformer Descriptions ............................................................. 85
APPENDIX C – CEI/IEC 60076-1 Transformer Descriptions ........................................................... 93
APPENDIX D – Australian Std.2374 Transformer Descriptions ................................................... 100
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. TRF-100 Technical Specifications ...................................................................................... 4
Table 2. Functional Descriptions of TRF-100 Controls and Indicators ............................................ 6
Table 3. Descriptions of Single Phase Test Results Elements (Column Format) .......................... 33
Table 4. Descriptions of Single Phase Test Results Elements (Detailed Format) ......................... 34
Table 5. Descriptions of Y to Delta Test Results Elements (Column Format) ............................... 40
Table 6. Descriptions of Y to Delta Test Results Elements (Detailed Format) .............................. 42
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. TRF-100 Controls and Indicators ...................................................................................... 5
Figure 2. Typical H & X Cable Connections to a Delta-Wye Transformer ....................................... 8
Figure 3. Typical Connections to a Single Phase Transformer ........................................................ 9
Figure 4. Typical Connections to a Single Phase Auto Transformer ............................................... 9
Figure 5. Typical Connections to a Type A Voltage Regulator ...................................................... 10
Figure 6. Typical Connections to a Type B Voltage Regulator ...................................................... 10
Figure 7. Typical Connections to a Donut Type (un-mounted) Current Transformer (CT) ........... 11
Figure 8. Typical Connections to a Multi-Tap Current Transformer ............................................. 12
Figure 9. Typical Connections to a Bushing Mount CT on a Single Phase Transformer ............... 13
Figure 10. Typical Connections to Bushing Mount CT's on Delta Transformer ............................ 14
Figure 11. Typical Connections to Bushing Mount CT's on Wye Transformer ............................. 15
Figure 12. Test Record Printout Showing Calibration Due Date ................................................... 19
Figure 13. Single Phase Test Results Printout - Column Format .................................................. 33
Figure 14. Single Phase Test Results Printout - Detailed Format ................................................. 34
Figure 15. Delta to Y Test Results Printout - Column Format ....................................................... 39
Figure 16. Delta to Y Test Results Printout - Detailed Format ...................................................... 41
Figure 17. Special Dy11 Transformer Test Printout ...................................................................... 48
Figure 18. Typical Test Record Directory Printout ........................................................................ 63
Figure 19. Test Plan Test Results Printout .................................................................................... 72
Figure 20. Sample Test Plan Directory Printout ............................................................................ 76
Figure 21. Sample Test Plan Printout ............................................................................................ 79

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REV 1.0 TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Description and Features
The TRF-100 is Vanguard’s third generation, microprocessor-based, automatic, three phase,
transformer turns-ratio tester. This lightweight, portable unit is designed for testing
transformers at utility power substations.
The TRF-100 determines the transformer turns-ratio using the IEEE C57.12.90 measurement
method. The transformer turns-ratio (ranging from 0.8 to 50,000) is determined by precisely
measuring the voltages across the unloaded transformer windings. To ensure accuracy, the TRF-
100’s measuring circuitry self-calibrates before each measurement. It requires neither
adjustment nor temperature compensation. The TRF-100’s turns-ratio measurement accuracy
is 0.1% or better.
The TRF-100 can perform a specific test for each transformer type (such as single phase, delta
to Y, Y to delta, delta to delta, or Y to Y) without the need to switch test hookup cables. Also,
the unit’s automatic transformer phase detection feature can detect different transformer
vector diagrams. The TRF-100 can automatically detect and test 67 transformer types defined
by ANSI, CEI/IEC and Australian standards.
To prevent an accidental wrong test-lead hook-up (e.g., when the operator reverses H and X
leads), the TRF-100 outputs a low-level test voltage to verify the hook-up condition before
applying the full test voltage to the transformer.
In addition to measuring a transformer’s turns-ratio, the TRF-100 can also measure a
transformer’s excitation current (in milli-amperes) and its winding phase angle.
Three test voltages (4 Vac, 40 Vac, 100 Vac) allow the TRF-100 to test CT’s and PT’s, as well as
power transformers.
The TRF-100 can also calculate the turns-ratio percentage error if the transformer’s nameplate
voltages are provided. The baseline turns-ratio is calculated using the nameplate voltages, and
the test results are compared to the baseline turns-ratio. The percentage error is then
calculated from the difference between the baseline and test turns-ratios.
User Interface
The TRF-100 features a back-lit LCD screen (20 characters by 4 lines) that is viewable in both
bright sunlight and low-light levels. The test results screen displays the transformer turns-ratio,
excitation current, and turns-ratio accuracy. The unit is controlled via a rugged "QWERTY"-style
membrane keypad.
Computer Interface
The TRF-100 can be computer-controlled via the USB interface using the supplied Vanguard
TTRA S2 turns ratio analysis PC software. The TTRA S2 software can be used to run a test and to
store test results on a PC. Test results can also be exported to Excel, PDF, and XML formats for
further analysis.

TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
3
Optional Transformer Load Tap Changer Control
Voltage regulator or LTC tap positions can be changed remotely using the optional Tap-Changer
Remote Control Box. This option eliminates the need to manually raise or lower tap positions
from the transformer control panel.
Internal Test Record Storage
Up to 1,000 test records can be stored in the TRF-100’s Flash EEPROM memory. Each test
record may contain up to 99 turns-ratio, excitation current, phase angle, and nameplate voltage
readings. Test records can be recalled locally or transferred to a PC via the USB interface.
Transformer Test Plans
The TRF-100 can store up to 128 transformer test-plans in its Flash EEPROM. A test plan is
comprised of the transformer nameplate voltages for each tap setting. The calculated turns-
ratio based on the nameplate voltages is compared with the measured turns-ratio to derive the
percentage error and Pass/Fail results. By using a test plan, a transformer can be quickly tested
and turns-ratio Pass/Fail reports can be reviewed. Test plans can be created with the included
PC software and can be transferred to the ATRT-03 via the USB interface.
Optional Built-in Thermal Printer
The TRF-100 can be outfitted with an optional built-in 4.5” wide thermal printer that can be
used to print test results.

REV 1.0
4
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TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
5
1.3 Controls and Indicators
The TRF-100 controls and indicators are shown in Figure 1. A leader line with an index number
points to each control and indicator, which is cross-referenced to a functional description in the
corresponding table. The purpose of the controls and indicators may seem obvious, but users
should familiarize themselves with them before using the TRF-100. Accidental misuse of the
controls will usually cause no serious harm. Users should also familiarize themselves with the
safety summary information found on the front page of this User’s Manual.
Figure 1. TRF-100 Controls and Indicators

REV 1.0 TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL
6
Table 2. Functional Descriptions of TRF-100 Controls and Indicators
Item
Number Panel Markings Functional Description
1
EMERGENCY
TURN OFF
"PUSH"
Emergency turn off test voltage switch
2 H H voltage connector
3 Optional built-in thermal printer
4 X X voltage connector
5 120-240~, 3A, 50-60Hz
Fuse: F5A 250V
Input power connector and fused power switch with third-wire safety
ground
6 GROUND Ground stud for connecting to sub-station ground
7 Rugged "QWERTY"-style membrane keypad
8 BUSY This LED flashes in response to commands or when a test voltage is
applied to the test transformer
9 USB PC USB PC interface port
10 Back-lit LCD screen (20 characters by 4 lines); viewable in bright
sunlight and low-light levels

TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
7
2.0 PRE-TEST SETUP
2.1 LCD Screen Contrast Control
To increase the LCD screen contrast, press and hold the [] key for two seconds. Release the
button when the desired contrast level has been reached.
To decrease the LCD screen contrast, press and hold the [] key for two seconds. Release the
button when the desired contrast level has been reached.
2.2 Printer Paper Control (if printer installed)
To advance the thermal printer paper, press and release the [] key.
To retract the thermal printer paper, press and release the [] key.
2.3 Printer Paper (if printer installed)
The TRF-100’s optional built-in thermal printers use 4.5-inch wide thermal paper for printing
test results. To maintain the highest print quality and to avoid paper jams, the use of thermal
paper supplied by Vanguard Instruments Company is highly recommended. Additional paper
can be ordered from the following sources:
Vanguard Instruments Co, Inc.
1520 S. Hellman Avenue
Ontario, CA 91761
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Part Number: VIC TP-4 paper
BG Instrument Co.
13607 E. Trent Avenue
Spokane, WA 99216
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Part Number: VIC TP-4 paper

REV 1.0 TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL
8
3.0 OPERATING PROCEDURES
The TRF-100 should always be grounded with the provided ground cable before connecting H
and X cables. The transformer bushings should also be grounded before connecting test leads
to the transformer. This will prevent inducing any voltages into the TRF-100. All transformer bus
connections must be removed, and the transformer must be isolated before performing any
tests. Typical transformer connection diagrams are illustrated in the sections below.
3.1 Connection Diagrams
3.1.1. Typical Connections to a Delta-Wye Transformer
Figure 2. Typical H & X Cable Connections to a Delta-Wye Transformer

TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
9
3.1.2. Typical Connections to a Single Phase Transformer
Figure 3. Typical Connections to a Single Phase Transformer
Figure 4. Typical Connections to a Single Phase Auto Transformer

REV 1.0 TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL
10
3.1.3. Typical Connections to a Voltage Regulator
Figure 5. Typical Connections to a Type A Voltage Regulator
Figure 6. Typical Connections to a Type B Voltage Regulator

3.1.4.
T
Fi
g
NO
T
ypical Co
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ure 7. Typic
a
TE
The
H
abov
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n
nections
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USER’S M
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NUAL RE
ransform
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ormer (CT)
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ions shown
V 1.0
11
e
r

REV 1.0 TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL
12
3.1.5. Typical Connections to a Multi-Tap Current Transformer
Figure 8. Typical Connections to a Multi-Tap Current Transformer

TRF-100 USER’S MANUAL REV 1.0
13
3.1.6. Typical Connections to a Bushing Mount CT on a Single Phase Transformer
Figure 9. Typical Connections to a Bushing Mount CT on a Single Phase Transformer

REV 1.0
14
3.1.7.
T
NO
TRF-100
U
T
ypical Co
n
Figure 10.
TE
The
C
U
SER’S MAN
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T turns-rati
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ormer

3.1.8.
T
NO
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ypical C
o
Figure 11
.
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.
Typical Co
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T turns-rati
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USER’S M
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Wye Trans
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test.
A
NUAL RE
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ormer
V 1.0
15

REV 1.0
16
3.2
S
The TRF-
40 Vac a
t
voltages
,
drive th
e
recomm
e
testing p
voltage:
NOTE
a. T
P
b. T
P
c. T
P
TRF-100
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S
etting the
100 offers t
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t
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,
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ower transf
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ress the [2]
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ress the [4]
he followin
g
ress the [2]
1.
TEST
2
.
SET
T
3.
SET
T
4
.
NEXT
1.
ENTER
2
.
REVIE
3.
SAVE/
4
.
NEXT
1
.
TEST
2
.
SETUP
3
.
CALCU
4
.
DIAG
U
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Test Volt
a
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ree test vo
The 4 Vac t
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e
a
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sting powe
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e [STOP]
k
u
nit and sta
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key (SETUP
g
screen will
key (NEXT
P
g
screen will
key (SET T
E
PLANS
TEST
VO
TIME/DAT
PAGE
R
XFMR
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RECOR
/REST
RE
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P
ULATOR
5
.
QU
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a
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ltages, 4 Va
c
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st voltage i
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nt Transfor
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us giving in
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transform
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ST VOLTAG
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04/28/
1
10:15:
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TS
c
, 40 Vac, a
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s for testin
g
m
ers (CT’s).
v
alid results
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rs. The 100
ments. Foll
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me will ret
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“
START-UP”
d:
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).
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20
T
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g
transform
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For meteri
n
.
The 40 Vac
Vac test vol
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w the step
s
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h
menu:
T
he unit al
w
e
rs which re
q
n
g CT’s, high
test voltag
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tage is reco
m
s
below to s
e
h
e “START-U
w
ays default
s
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uire low te
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er voltages
m
e
is
m
mended f
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t the test
P” menu.
s
to
s
t
m
ay
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r