Vanguard Instruments Company WRM-10 User manual

WRM-10TM
TRANSFORMER WINDING RESISTANCE METER
USER’S MANUAL
Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc.
1520 S. Hellman Ave.
Ontario, California 91761, USA
TEL: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
June 2009
Revision 2
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
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SAFETY SUMMARY
FOLLOW EXACT OPERATING PROCEDURES
Any deviation from the procedures described in this User’s Manual may create one or more
safety hazards, may damage the WRM-10, damage the test transformer, or cause errors in the
test results. Vanguard Instruments Company, Inc. assumes no liability for unsafe or improper
use of the WRM-10.
All safety precautions provided in this manual must be observed during all phases of testing
including test preparation, test lead connection, actual testing, and test lead disconnection.
SAFETY WARNING AND CAUTIONS
The WRM-10 shall be used only by trained operators. All transformers under test shall be off-
line and fully isolated.
DO NOT MODIFY TEST EQUIPMENT
To avoid the risk of introducing additional or unknown hazards, do not install substitute parts or
perform any unauthorized modification to any WRM-10 test unit. To ensure that all designed
safety features are maintained, it is highly recommended that repairs be performed only by
Vanguard Instruments Company factory personnel or by an authorized repair service provider.
Unauthorized modifications can cause safety hazards and will void the manufacturer’s
warranty.
WARNING
Do not remove test leads during a test. Failure to heed this warning can result in lethal
electrical shock to personnel and damage to the equipment.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT ..................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 General Description and Features ................................................................................... 2
1.3 Technical Specifications ................................................................................................... 3
1.4 WRM-10 Controls and Indicators .................................................................................... 4
2.0 PRE-TEST SETUP ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Operating Voltages .......................................................................................................... 6
3.0 OPERATING PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 9
3.1 WRM-10 Cable Connections ............................................................................................ 9
3.2 General Procedures ....................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Performing Transformer Tests....................................................................................... 12
3.3.1. Performing a Single Resistance Test ...................................................................... 12
3.3.2. Performing a Voltage Regulator Test ..................................................................... 14
3.4 User Diagnostic Mode.................................................................................................... 16
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. WRM-10 Controls and Indicators .................................................................................... 4
Figure 2. 100 – 120 Vac Jumper Settings ........................................................................................ 6
Figure 3. 200 – 240 Vac Jumper Settings ........................................................................................ 6
Figure 4. Relay Location .................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 5. Typical WRM-10 Connections Diagram #1 ...................................................................... 9
Figure 6. Typical WRM-10 Connections Diagram #2 .................................................................... 10
Figure 7. Typical Dual Winding Connections Diagram.................................................................. 10
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. WRM-10 Technical Specifications ..................................................................................... 3
Table 2. Functional Descriptions of WRM-10 Controls and Indicators .......................................... 5
Table 3. Voltage Selection Jumper Settings.................................................................................... 6

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CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT
This document uses the following conventions:
•The WRM-10’s control knob is referenced as [CONTROL KNOB]
•Menu names are referenced as “MENU NAME”
•WRM-10 LCD screen output is shown as:
•Warning messages are indicated as:
WARNING
Warning message
•Important notes are indicated as:
NOTE
Note details
MAIN MENU
<RUN TEST>

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Description and Features
The WRM-10 is designed to accurately measure the winding resistance of highly inductive
power transformers. The unit’s dual resistance-reading input channels can measure two
winding resistances simultaneously. Four-wire (Kelvin) connections provide high accuracy
voltage reading and require no lead compensation. The WRM-10 provides stable resistance
readings of very large transformers by utilizing a 36 Vdc power supply capable of outputting up
to 10 Amperes. The resistance reading of a 100MVA transformer can be achieved in 5 minutes
or less. The unit’s power supply is cooled by heavy-duty fans designed for continuous
operation.
Since the WRM-10 can accurately measure resistances ranging from 1 micro-ohm to 2,000
ohms, it can also be used to measure EHV circuit-breaker contact resistance, motor winding
resistance, or any low resistance. In addition to measuring the resistance value, the WRM-10
also checks the “make-before-break” tap-switching sequences of voltage regulators and load
tap changers.
The WRM-10 is furnished with three 50-foot test cables, a ground cable, a power cord, and a
cable carrying bag. Each test cable lead is terminated with a quick-disconnect test clip.
1.2 Functional Description
The WRM-10’s operation is based on the electrical relationship described by Ohm’s law: R=V/I,
where I is a known current and V is the DC voltage measured across the unknown resistance.
The value of the unknown resistance is calculated by dividing the measured voltage by the
current which is calculated by the microprocessor. Calculated resistance readings are then
displayed on the unit’s back-lit LCD screen.
A special current source allows the WRM-10 to output up to 10 Amperes of test current. The
test current is automatically adjusted depending on the load resistance. For added safety, the
current source circuit is thermally protected. Also, a built-in discharge circuit automatically
discharges the stored energy in the transformer at the end of each test.

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1.3 Technical Specifications
Table 1. WRM-10 Technical Specifications
TYPE Portable transformer winding resistance meter
PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS 16.8”W x 12.6”H x 10.6”D (42.6 cm x 32.0 cm x 27 cm); Weight: 27 lbs
(12.2 kg)
INPUT POWER 100 – 120 Vac or 200-240 Vac (factory pre-set), 50/60 Hz
RESISTANCE READING
RANGE
1 micro-ohm – 2,000 ohms
ACCURACY 1 – 19,999 micro-ohms: ±0.5% reading, ±1 count
20 – 999 milli-ohms: ±1% reading, ±1 count;
1 – 2,000 ohms: ±1.5% reading, ±1 count
TEST VOLTAGE 36 Vdc max
TEST CURRENT RANGE Auto range, 10 Amperes max
DISPLAY Back-lit LCD Screen (16 characters by 2 lines); viewable in bright sunlight
and low-light levels
CONTROL Single “turn-and-push” knob
COMPUTER INTERFACE RS-232C port (19,200 baud) used for factory calibration and diagnostics
SAFETY Designed to meet IEC61010 (1995), UL61010A-1, CSA-C22.2 standards
ENVIRONMENT Operating: -10˚C to 50˚C (15˚F to +122˚F); Storage: -30˚C to 70˚C (-
22˚F to +158˚F)
CABLES Three 50-foot test cables, ground cable, power cord and cable bag
OPTIONS Transportation case
WARRANTY One year on parts and labor
NOTE
The above specifications are valid at nominal operating voltage and at a
temperature of 25°C (77°F). Specifications may change without prior notice.

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1.4 WRM-10 Controls and Indicators
The WRM-10’s controls and indicators are shown in Figure 1 below. A leader line with an index
number points to each control and indicator, which is cross-referenced to a functional
description in Table 2. The table describes the function of each item on the control panel. The
purpose of the controls and indicators may seem obvious, but users should become familiar
with them before using the WRM-10. Accidental misuse of the controls will usually cause no
serious harm. Users should also be familiar with the safety summary found on the front page of
this User’s Manual.
Figure 1. WRM-10 Controls and Indicators

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Table 2. Functional Descriptions of WRM-10 Controls and Indicators
Item
Number Panel Markings Functional Description
1 V1 Voltage sensing input channel #1. Female connector jacks used for connecting
voltage-sensing test leads.
2 I Current output. Female connector jacks used for connecting current test leads.
3 None Back-lit LCD screen (16 characters by 2 lines); viewable in bright sunlight and
low-light levels.
4 GROUND
Safety ground terminal. 5/16-18 threaded stud with hand-turned wing nut. This
must be connected to the station ground before connecting any WRM-10 test
leads to the transformer.
5
100-120 Vac. 2A,
50-60 Hz
Fuse: 250 Vac, 3A
Slow-Blow
Input power connector with third-wire safety ground. On/Off rocker toggle switch
with built-in fuse protection.
6 RS-232C
9-pin RS-232C interface port; female DB type. Data rate is set to 19,200 baud,
1 start bit, 2 stop bits, 8 data bits and no parity bit.
Pin Signal
2 RX
3 TX
5 Signal Ground
7 DISCHARGE
Red LED indicator light. This warning indicator is lit when the WRM-10 is
discharging the stored energy in the transformer. Do NOT disconnect the test
leads when this light is on. Failure to heed this warning can result in
shock and/or fatal injury to personnel.
8
CHANGE
“PUSH” TO
SELECT
Single turn-and-press control knob used to operate the WRM-10. You can scroll
through different menu options by turning this knob, and you can select a
function by pressing the knob.
9 HIGH VOLTAGE
PRESENT
Red LED indicator light. This warning light is illuminated when there is a
possibility of high voltage across the test leads. Do NOT disconnect the test
leads when this light is on. Failure to heed this warning can result in
shock and/or fatal injury to personnel.
10 V2 Voltage input sensing channel #2. Female connector jacks used for connecting
voltage-sensing test leads.

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2.0 PRE-TEST SETUP
2.1 Operating Voltages
The WRM-10’s operating voltage is preset at the factory and is selectable between 100-120
Vac, 50/60 Hz or 200-240 Vac, 50/60 Hz. The voltage is set by placing jumper(s) on the power
terminal block as listed in Table 3 and illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The relay must also be
changed if the voltage settings are changed. Please see Figure 4 for the location of the relay.
Table 3. Voltage Selection Jumper Settings
Voltage
Selection Terminal Block Jumpers Relay Part Number
100
–
120 Vac Brown to Blue and Yellow to Green HE2aN-Q-AC120V
200
–
240 Vac Blue to Yellow HE2aN-Q-AC-240V
Figure 2. 100 – 120 Vac Jumper Settings
Figure 3. 200 – 240 Vac Jumper Settings

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Figure 4. Relay Location