VARISCO V Series User manual




Operating Manual
V-Series
Internal Gear Pumps with Magnetic Coupling

Page2
Declaration of Conformity
in accordance with Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX) on equipment and
protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
Certificate
Manufacturer:
declares that
when ordered as ATEX pump or ATEX pump unit, the following pumps
are in conformity with Directive 94/9/EC of 23 March 1994 :
within the meaning of Machinery Directive 98/37/EC, Annex II A
and ATEX Equipment Directive 94/9/EC, Annex X B.
We hereby declare that the pump unit of the V Series described on page 1 under "Technical Data"
delivered by us is in conformity with the following directives and standards:
EC Machinery Directive 98/37/EC, Annex I No. 1
ATEX Equipment Directive 94/9/EC, Annex II.
Applied harmonized European standards, in particular:
EN1127-1:1997 Explosive atmospheres – Explosion Protection, Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology
EN13463-1:2001 Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres –
Part 1: Basic method and requirements
prEN13463-5:2002 Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres –
Part 5: Protection by constructional safety (“C“)
prEN13463-6:2002 Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres –
Part 6: Protection by control of ignition source (“b“)
prEN13463-8 Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres –
Part 8: Protection by liquid immersion (”k“)
Applied national technical standards and specifications, in particular:
DIN EN ISO 9906 VDMA 24276
DIN 24250 VDMA 24279
DIN 31001
DIN EN 22858
DIN ISO 5199
DIN EN 12723
Marking: symbol and certificate number are part of the marking.
Special requirements for safe operation are described in the supplementary
operating instructions for pumps in potentially explosive atmospheres.

Page3
Table of Contents:
Page
Declaration of Conformity 2
1 General 5
2 Safety 5
2.1 Marking of instructions/notes in the Operating Manual 6
2.2 Qualification and training of personnel 7
2.3 Risks involved in non-compliance with safety instructions 7
2.4 Safety-consciouswork 7
2.5 Safety instructions for the owner/operator 7
2.6 Safety instructions for maintenance, inspection and installation work 8
2.7 Conversion and production of spare parts by customer 8
2.8 Improper modes of operation 8
2.9 Explosion protection 8
2.9.1 Filling the unit 9
2.9.2 Special operating conditions 9
2.9.3 Markings 9
2.9.4 Checking the sense of rotation 10
2.9.5 Mode of operation of the pump 10
2.9.6 T empera t urelimits 10
2.9.7 Maintenance 11
2.9.8 Safety and accident prevention standards 11
3 Transport,intermediatestorage 12
3.1 T ranspor t 12
3.2 Intermediate storage/preservation 13
3.3 Return 13
4 Description of the product and accessories 14
4.1 General description 14
4.1.1 General description of the pump 14
4.1.2 Operating principle of the gear pump 15
4.2 Designation 15
4.2.1 Marking of the pump 15

Page4
4.2.2 Rating plate 16
4.2.3 Marking pursuant to EU Directive on equipment and protective systems
intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres 16
4.3 Main components 16
4.3.1 Magnetic coupling 16
4.3.2 Bearings 17
4.3.3 Materials 17
4.3.4 Monitoring 17
4.3.5 Permissible forces, torques and moments on the pump branches 18
4.3.6 Expected noise levels 18
4.4 Accessories 18
4.5 Dimensions and weights 18
5 Mounting/Installation 18
5.1 Safetyregulations 18
5.2 Installation 19
5.2.1 Checks 19
5.2.2 A TEXCertification 19
5.3 Checks prior to installation 19
5.4 Foundation 20
5.5 Piping 20
6 In- und Außerbetriebnahme..........................................................................21
7 Ausbau ...........................................................................................................22
8 Risikoanalyse nach EN 13463-1 ...................................................................22
9 Disassembly 26
9.1 General 26
9.2 Disassembly of the pump cover 27
9.3 Disassembly of the pump casing 28
9.4 Disassembly of the plug-in unit 29
9.5 Disassembly of the bearing bracket 31
9.6 Adjusting the axial play 32
Annex: Certificate of No Objection

Page5
1 General
This state-of-the-art Varisco pump has been manufactured with greatest care and is subject to
continuous quality control.
The present Operating Manual will familiarize you with the pump, its intended purpose and
fields of application.
This Operating Manual contains important information on the safe, proper and efficient operation of the
pump. Follow these instructions to ensure the pump’s reliable operation and long service life and to avoid
potential risks.
This Operating Manual does not include any site-specific regulations. The owner of the pump is responsible
for complying with such regulations. This also applies to the assembly/installation personnel concerned.
This pump unit must not be operated beyond the operating limits specified in the technical documentation in
terms of pumped medium, delivery rate, speed, density, pressure, temperature and motor power or other
instructions given in the Operating Manual or contract documentation. If you have any questions or
require further information, please do not hesitate to consult the manufacturer.
Pump series/size, major operating data and the series number are indicated on the rating plate. We kindly
request you to supply this information whenever you have questions, for supplementary orders and when
ordering spare parts.
2 Safety
This Operating Manual contains important information to be observed during installation, operation,
supervision and maintenance. Therefore, ensure that the fitter of the pump and the future operator/owner
carefully reads and understands this manual prior to installation and commissioning. Make sure that this
Operating Manual is always available at the place where the pump is used.
Apart from the general safety instructions provided in this Section, all other relevant safety information,
particularly as regards the use of the pump in potentially explosive atmospheres as described in Section
2.9 must also be observed.
 Persons who have a pacemaker must not stay in the vicinity of the pump because of
the pump’s strong magnetic field!
 Be aware of potential hazards (both during transport and handling) before returning
the unit.

2.1
Sa
f
No
W
a
an
d
Saf
e
Non
Th
e
ex
a
W
Markin
g
f
ety inform
a
G
n-complian
c
a
rning of el
e
d
explosion
e
ty instructi
o
-complianc
e
following
w
a
mple, due
arning of a
g
of instru
c
a
tion contai
n
eneral haz
a
c
e with the
e
ctric powe
r
protection:
o
ns pertaini
e with thes
e
w
arning si
g
to the stro
n
magnetic fi
c
tions/not
e
n
ed in this
O
a
rd symbol
safety info
r
r
:
Safety
s
ng to mach
e
notes ma
y
g
n is used t
o
n
g magneti
c
eld:
e
s in the O
O
perating
M
for areas a
r
mation pro
v
s
ymbol acc
o
ines and th
y
cause ha
z
o
indicate t
h
c
field:
Page6
perating
M
M
anual is in
d
ccording to
v
ided may
c
o
rding to IE
C
eir function
s
z
ardous co
n
h
at persons
M
anual
d
icated by
t
ISO 7000
–
c
ause haza
r
C
417 - 50
3
s
are indic
a
n
ditions for
who have
a
t
he followin
g
–
0434
r
ds to pers
o
3
6
a
ted by the
f
the machi
n
a
cardiac p
a
g
symbol:
o
ns.
f
ollowing s
y
n
e and its f
u
a
cemake
r
a
y
mbol:
u
nctions.
re at risk, f
o
o
r

It is
M
a
2.2
Th
e
sui
Th
e
op
e
th
e
th
e
M
a
2.3
In
p
2.
4
A
ll
re
g
re
g
2.
5
imperative
a
ke sure th
e
Qualifi
c
e
personne
tably qualifi
e
owner m
u
e
rators are
e
owner o
f
t
h
e
owner mu
s
a
nual.
Risks i
n
N
e
i
p
articular,
n
-
-
-
-
4
Safety-
c
safety info
r
g
ulations o
n
g
ulations of
W
o
5
Safety
i
I
c

C
r
P
c
to observe
- S
e
- S
y
- R
a
e
y are kept
c
ation and
l entrusted
w
ed for the j
o
u
st clearly
d
not sufficie
h
e machin
e
s
t ensure t
h
n
volved in
N
on-compli
e
nvironme
n
i
n the loss
o
n
on-compli
a
Fail
u
Fail
u
Ris
k
expl
Env
c
onscious
r
mation inc
l
n
explosio
n
the owner
s
W
hen the p
u
o
bserve the
i
nstructio
n
I
f hot or col
d
c
ontact.
C
ontact pr
o
r
unning.
P
ersons wh
o
c
oupling clo
s
important
i
e
nse of rota
y
mbol for li
q
a
ting plate
clean and
a
training o
f
w
ith the op
e
o
b.
d
efine scop
e
ntly qualifi
e
e
, the manu
h
at the per
s
non-com
p
ance with
s
n
t and the
m
o
f any and
a
a
nce of saf
e
u
re of impo
u
re of spec
i
k
s to perso
n
osions,
ironmental
work
l
uded in thi
s
n
protecti
o
s
hall be ob
s
u
mp unit is
u
sections in
n
s for the o
w
d
machine
o
tection on
m
o
have a p
a
s
e to their
b
i
nformation
/
tion arrow
q
uid conne
c
a
re easily l
e
f
personn
e
e
ration, ma
i
e
s of respo
n
e
d, they are
facturer/su
p
s
onnel has
r
p
liance wit
h
s
afety infor
m
m
achine. F
u
a
ll claims f
o
e
ty informa
t
rtant machi
i
fic method
s
n
s caused
b
hazards ca
s
Operatin
g
o
n, accide
n
s
erved.
u
sed in are
a
this Opera
t
w
ner/oper
a
parts may
c
m
oving par
t
a
cemaker
m
b
ody becau
Page7
/
signs dire
c
c
tions
e
gible.
e
l
i
ntenance,
i
n
sibility, co
m
to be train
e
p
plier may
p
r
ead and fu
h
safety in
m
ation may
u
rthermore,
or
damages
t
ion may re
ne/equipm
e
s
for maint
e
b
y electric,
m
used by le
a
g
Manual,
a
n
t preventi
o
a
s with pot
e
t
ing Manua
l
a
to
r
c
ause pote
n
t
s (e.g. cou
m
ust not sta
se of the e
f
c
tly attache
d
i
nspection
a
m
petences
e
d and inst
r
p
rovide su
c
lly underst
a
structions
result in ri
s
non-obser
v
.
sult in the
f
e
nt functio
n
e
nance and
m
echanical
a
ks of haza
r
a
s well as a
o
n and in-
e
ntially expl
l
marked wi
n
tial risks,
s
pling) must
y in the vic
i
f
fects of th
e
d
to the m
a
a
nd installa
t
and super
v
r
ucted appr
o
c
h training,
i
a
nds the co
n
s
ks/hazard
s
v
ance of sa
f
f
ollowing h
a
n
s
repai
r
and chemi
r
dous subs
t
ll applicabl
e
house lab
o
osive atmo
s
th the Ex s
y
s
uch parts
m
not be re
m
i
nity or brin
g
e
strong ma
g
a
chine such
t
ion of the
p
v
ision of th
e
o
priately.
O
i
f necessar
y
ntents of th
s
to person
s
f
ety instruc
t
a
zards/risk
s
cal effects
a
t
ances.
e
national
a
o
ur, indust
s
pheres, it
i
y
mbol.
m
ust be pro
t
m
oved whe
n
g
parts of t
h
g
netic field
.
as
p
ump must
b
e
personnel
O
n request
y
. Furtherm
is Operatin
g
s
, the
t
ions may r
e
s
:
a
s well as
a
nd internat
rial and s
a
i
s imperativ
t
ected agai
n
the syste
m
h
e magneti
c
.
b
e
. If
by
ore,
g
e
sult
ional
a
fety
e to
nst
m
is
c

2.
6
Th
e
au
t
Th
e
W
o
foll
Pu
pr
o
Pri
o
2.
7
2.
8
.
2.
9
I
f
e
o
c
T
c
p
I
o
N
6
Safety
i
e
owner h
a
t
horized an
d
e
pump mu
s
o
rk on the
m
ow the shu
mps or pu
m
o
tective cov
e
o
r to restar
t
7
Conve
r
A
t
a
T
8
Improp
O
f
d
9
Explos
i
I
t
f
hazardou
s
e
xposure o
f
o
bserved.
F
c
omponent
s
T
ake meas
u
c
ountry-spe
c
p
ublic utiliti
e
I
f the units
o
perated a
s
N
on-compli
i
nstructio
n
a
s to ensur
e
d
duly quali
f
s
t have am
b
m
achine sh
o
tdown pro
c
m
p units tha
t
e
rs should
b
t
ing the pu
m
r
sion and
p
A
ny modifi
c
t
he manufa
a
ccessorie
s
T
he use of
er modes
o
O
perationa
f
ollowing s
e
d
ata sheet
i
on protec
t
I
f the units
a
t
aken and i
n
s
media (e.
g
f
people or
F
urthermor
e
s
.
u
res to prev
e
c
ific regula
t
e
s).
are used i
n
s
intended.
ance may
c
n
s for main
t
e
that all
m
f
ied person
b
ient temp
e
o
uld typical
c
edure des
c
t
discharge
b
e reattach
e
m
p, follow t
h
p
roduction
c
ation of or
cturer or wi
s
authorize
d
other parts
o
f operati
o
l safety is
o
e
ctions of t
h
are not ex
c
t
ion
a
re used in
n
structions
g
. explosiv
e
the enviro
n
e
, the magn
e
nt any dan
t
ions and/o
n
locations
c
ause the
p
t
enance, i
n
m
aintenanc
e
nel who is
w
e
rature. It
m
ly be carri
e
c
ribed in thi
s
media haz
a
e
d or their
f
h
e notes lis
t
of spare
p
changes to
thin a scop
d
by the m
a
may annul
o
n
o
nly guaran
h
e Operati
n
c
eeded und
potentially
provided i
n
Page8
e
, toxic, hot
)
n
ment to an
y
etic field m
i
ger caused
r informati
o
subject to
p
ump to ex
c
n
spection
a
e
, inspectio
n
w
ell familia
r
m
ust be dep
r
e
d out only
w
s
Operatin
g
a
rdous to h
e
f
unction res
t
ed in the
S
p
arts by cu
s
the machi
n
e permitte
d
a
nufacturer
liability for
teed if the
e
n
g Manual.
M
er any circ
u
explosive
a
n
Sections
2
)
leak out, t
h
y
risk. Rele
i
ght damag
e
by electrici
t
o
n issued b
y
explosion
c
eed the op
e
a
nd install
a
n
and insta
l
r
with the c
o
r
essurized
a
w
hen the
m
g
Manual.
e
alth must
b
tored imm
e
S
ection “Sta
s
tome
r
n
e are only
d
by the ma
n
should be
u
any resulti
n
e
quipment
i
M
ake sure
u
mstances.
a
reas, alwa
y
2
.9.1 to 2.9.
h
ey must b
e
vant legal
p
e
data carri
ty
. (For det
a
y
local ene
r
hazards,
m
e
rating tem
a
tion work
l
lation wor
k
o
ntents of t
h
a
nd draine
d
m
achine sta
n
b
e deconta
m
e
diately upo
rt-up and p
allowed aft
e
n
ufacture
r
.
u
sed becau
n
g consequ
e
i
s used pro
the operati
n
y
s follow th
e
6 to guara
n
e
drained o
f
p
rovisions
m
i
ers and el
e
a
ils, please
r
gy supply
c
m
ake sure t
h
peratures
s
k
will be pe
r
h
is Operatin
d
of any pro
d
n
ds still. It i
m
inated.
A
l
n completi
o
lacing out
o
e
r previous
Original sp
a
se they gu
a
e
nces.
perly in co
m
n
g limits s
p
e
notes on
n
tee explos
i
f
f to preve
n
m
ust be
e
ctronic
consult
c
ompanies
/
h
e unit is
s
pecified.
r
formed on
g Manual.
d
uct.
s imperati
v
l safety an
d
o
n of work.
o
f service“
(
consultati
o
a
re parts a
n
a
rantee saf
e
m
pliance w
i
p
ecified in t
h
measures
t
on protecti
o
n
t
/
ly by
v
e to
d
(
6.).
o
n of
n
d
e
ty.
i
th the
h
e
t
o be
o
n.

Page9
2.9.1 Filling the unit
Normally the system of suction and discharge lines and consequently the pump’s interior that is in contact
with the fluid is permanently filled with the pumped medium during pump operation to prevent any potentially
explosive atmosphere and the risk of dry running.
If the operator cannot meet this requirement, we recommend providing appropriate monitoring facilities.
Moreover, ensure that auxiliary, heating and cooling systems are filled properly.
2.9.2 Special operating conditions
In the standard model of the pump, the inner (fluid-filled) space of the magnetic coupling is cooled by a
partial flow that branches off from the main fluid flow. If particular properties of the fluid (sticking, clogging)
lead to a disruption of the cooling flow, the temperature may rise inadmissibly. If such risk exists, make
sure to take suitable monitoring measures (see 4.3.4).
In case of overloading, overheating or non-observance of design data or improper selection of the
magnetic coupling, the internal and external magnet may become desynchronized. Furthermore, thermal
energy generated in the containment shell or on the external magnet may also cause an inadmissible rise
in temperature. If such risk exists, make sure to take suitable monitoring measures (see 4.3.4).
If an environmental hazard arises as a result of damage to the containment shell (rare incident) causing
liquid to leak, make sure to provide leakage detection facilities (see 4.3.4). If necessary, check if there is
any potential interaction between the liquid and the pumped medium.
2.9.3 Markings
Markings and signs on the pump refer only to a specific pump section, i.e., shaft coupling and motor should
be considered separately. A Manufacturer’s Declaration with the appropriate marking is required for the
shaft coupling. The drive is subject to a separate marking on the pump section. Example of marking on
the pump section: II 2 GT3 -T4.
The marking shows the range of theoretically available temperature classes. Admissible temperatures
depending on the relevant pump design are specified in 2.9.6.
Variant 1:
II 2 G Eex c T3 – T4
II 2 G: Surface unit intended for use in an area where an explosive atmosphere in the form of
gases or mists is likely to occur occasionally in normal operation (EN 1127-1 Sec. 6.3)

Eex c: Equipment with protection by constructional safety (prEN 13463-5) 
T3 – T4: Temperature classes T3 – T4

Va
II
2
Ee
x
TX
2.
9
If t
cir
c
in
c
2.
9
O
p
a
c
2.
9
Un
ca
s
ca
s
te
m
m
u
Te
m
th
e
Th
e
op
e
te
m
riant 2:
2
G:
S
g
x
c:
E
:
I
s
s
p
9
.4 Checki
n
here is a ri
c
umstance
s
c
ase of con
t
9
.5 Mode
o
p
en all gat
e
c
losed sys
t
9
.6 Tempe
r
de
r
normal
s
ing, the m
a
s
ing is equ
i
m
perature
c
u
st have fr
e
A
t
d
m
perature
c
e
oretical lim
e
maximu
m
e
rating con
d
m
perature o
II 2
G
S
urface uni
g
ases or m
i
E
quipment
I
f the pump
s
witch off t
h
s
ite of appli
p
umped m
e
n
g the sen
sk of expl
o
s
by briefly
s
t
act with ro
t
o
f operatio
n
e
valves a
n
t
em!
r
ature limi
t
operating
c
a
gnetic co
u
i
valent to t
h
c
lasses sp
e
e
e contact
w
A
t any rate
,
t
emperatur
e
d
epends o
n
c
lasses ac
c
it values fo
r
m
admissibl
e
d
itions of th
f
40°C.
G
Eex c Tx
t intended
f
i
sts is likel
y
with protec
is used in
a
h
e pump a
u
cation is re
e
dium shou
se of rotat
o
sion durin
g
s
witching o
t
ating or st
a
n
of the pu
n
d shut-of
f
t
s
c
onditions,
u
pling and
a
h
e tempera
e
cified in th
e
w
ith the en
v
,
the owner
e
) is obser
v
n
the releva
c
ording to E
N
r
the pump
e
e
temperatu
e pump. T
h
Tem
p
Tmax.
a
T
4
T
3
T
2
T1
f
or use in a
n
y
to occur in
tion by con
s
a
potentiall
y
u
tomatically
ached. On
ld be at lea
ion
g
the install
n the unfill
e
a
tionary par
t
mp
f
elements
i
expect the
a
ntifriction
b
ture of the
e
Annex a
r
v
ironment.
of the plan
t
v
ed. The m
a
nt tempera
t
N
13463-1
a
e
d medium.
re of the p
u
h
e temperat
p
erature cla
s
a
cc. to EN 1
3
4
– 135°C
3
– 200°C
2
– 300°C
– 450°C
Page10
n
area whe
normal op
e
s
tructional
s
y
explosive
10°C befo
r
the suction
st 10°C bel
ation phas
e
e
d pump in
t
s.
i
n the pipi
n
highest te
m
b
earings. T
h
pumped m
r
e observe
d
t
must ens
u
a
ximum ad
m
t
ure class.
a
re given i
n
u
mped med
ures given
i
s
ses
3
463-1
r
e an explo
e
ration occ
a
s
afety (prE
N
area, the
a
r
e the maxi
m
side of the
ow the tem
p
e
, do not c
order to pr
e
n
g. The p
u
m
peratures
h
e surface
edium. If t
h
d
. In the ar
e
u
re that the
m
issible te
m
n
the table
ium depen
d
i
n the table
Temp
e
Pumped
125°
C
190°
C
290°
C
290°
C
sive atmos
p
a
sionally (
E
N
13463-5)
a
ttached te
m
m
um admi
s
pump the
t
p
erature sp
e
heck the s
e
e
vent any
p
u
mp must
n
to occur at
temperatu
r
h
e pump is
e
a of the b
e
specified fl
m
perature
o
below toge
d
s on the te
below refe
r
e
rature
medium
C
C
C
C
p
here in th
e
E
N 1127-1
S
m
perature
m
s
sible temp
e
t
emperatur
e
e
cified for
s
e
nse of rot
a
p
ossible ris
e
n
ot discha
r
the surfac
e
r
e occurrin
g
heated, en
e
aring fram
uid temper
a
o
f the pump
e
ther with th
e
mperature
c
r
to a maxi
m
e
form of
S
ec. 6.3)
m
onitor will
e
rature for
t
e
of the
s
hutdown.
a
tion unde
r
e
in temper
a
r
ge agains
t
e
o
f
the pu
m
g
on the pu
sure that t
h
e the pum
p
a
ture (oper
a
e
d medium
e
resulting
c
lass and t
h
m
um ambie
n
t
he
r
any
a
ture
t
m
p
mp
h
e
p
a
ting
h
e
n
t

S

2.9.
7
F
c
2
C
S
afety info
r
The rel
e
is oper
a
pump”,
A
ssumi
n
ensure
t
occur i
n
pumpe
d
(e.g., d
u
7
Mainten
a
F
or safe an
d
c
ondition. T
h
The act
u
conditi
o
caused
Regula
r
auxiliar
y
proper
f
2
.9.8 Saf
e
Wear a
p
A
void
l
get ca
u
meets
hearin
g
Do no
t
not co
m
coupli
n
parts.
D
C
AUTION!
S
t
r
mation:
e
vant admi
s
a
ted at a hi
g
contact the
n
g an ambi
e
t
hat tempe
r
n
the event
o
d
medium.
O
u
e to evap
o
a
nce
d
reliable
o
h
is also ap
p
u
al service
o
ns on site.
by overhe
a
r
ly monitor
v
y
systems
a
f
unctioning.
e
ty and ac
c
p
propriate
c
l
oose garm
e
u
ght in mo
v
safety reg
u
g
protector
s
t
perform a
n
m
e close w
i
n
gs, etc.) D
D
o not ste
p
S
witch the
t
he plant.
s
sible oper
a
g
her tempe
r
manufactu
e
nt temper
a
r
ature clas
s
o
f an insuff
i
O
perating t
h
o
ration in th
e
o
peration,
m
p
lies to the
f
life of the
a
Regular ch
e
a
ted bearin
g
v
ibration b
e
a
re installe
d
c
ident prev
e
c
lothing wh
e
e
nts with lo
o
v
ing compo
n
u
lations: glo
v
s
and helm
e
n
y mainten
a
i
th your ha
n
o not com
e
p
on the mo
t
motor off
a
ting tempe
r
ature and
n
rer for the
m
a
ture of 40
°
s
T4 is main
i
ciently fille
d
h
e pump o
u
e
interio
r
).
m
ake sure
t
f
unction of
t
a
ntifriction
b
e
cks of the
g
s, start-up
e
haviour to
e
d
, check to
s
e
ntion sta
n
e
n working
o
se parts (t
n
ents. Wea
r
v
es, insula
t
e
t (see figu
r
a
nce work
w
n
ds to any
m
e
close with
t
or pump t
o
in case of
Page11
rature of th
e
n
o data sh
e
m
aximum
a
°
C, grease l
tained for t
h
d
interior, b
u
tside the a
d
t
he unit is
p
t
he antifricti
o
b
earings de
p
running no
of the exte
r
e
nsure the
s
ee whethe
n
dards
in the vicini
ies, scarve
s
r
protective
t
ing footwe
a
r
e on the ri
g
w
ith the mot
m
oving part
s
your hand
s
o
perform in
emergenc
y
e
pump is i
n
e
et is availa
dmissible
o
ubrication
a
h
e antifricti
o
ut also in t
h
d
missible r
a
p
roperly se
r
o
n bearing
s
p
ends on t
h
ise prevent
r
nal rotor o
n
proper fun
c
r monitorin
g
ty of the pu
s
, etc.) that
clothing th
a
ar
, goggles,
g
ht).
o
r running.
s
(e.g. belt
s
s
to hot mo
t
terventions
y
. Inform t
h
n
dicated in
ble or the
p
o
perating te
a
nd proper
o
n bearing
s
h
e presenc
e
a
nge may
a
r
viced and
s
.
h
e mode of
the risk of
n
the lanter
c
tioning of t
h
g
facilities
s
mp.
could
a
t
Do
s
,
t
or
.
h
e person
n
the data s
h
p
ump is use
mperature
o
maintenan
c
s
. Dry-runni
e
of high ga
a
lso lead to
kept in pe
r
operation
a
excessive
t
n or defecti
h
e plain be
a
s
hould be i
n
n
el respon
s
h
eet. If the
p
d as a “po
o
o
f the pum
p
c
e and ope
r
ng may no
t
s contents
dry-runnin
g
r
fect techni
c
a
nd the spe
c
t
emperatur
e
ve bearing
a
rings. If
n
stalled to
e
s
ible for
p
ump
o
l
p
.
r
ation,
t
only
in the
g
c
al
c
ific
e
s
seals.
e
nsure

3
3

D
c
b
T
i
n
p
T
li
f
a
3
Transp
o
3
.1 Transp
o
T
o
r
tr
a
It
l
o
i
n
sl
M
w
D
uring star
t
c
omponent
s
b
e used.
T
ransport a
n
n
order to p
p
ersonnel.
T
he lifting lu
f
ting comp
o
a
re indicate
Always
u
that the
p
p
ump u
n
!
o
rt, inter
m
o
rt
he pump u
n
r
pump unit
a
nsport su
s
is not per
m
o
ops of the
m
n
jury and d
a
inging poin
M
ake sure t
o
w
ith the pu
m
t
-up and m
a
s
. To this
e
n
d handling
revent any
gs of the v
a
o
nents. The
d in bold i
n
M
u
se two rope
p
ump canno
t
n
it is suspen
d
m
ediate sto
n
it must be
remains in
s
pension p
o
m
itted to att
a
m
otor.
A
ny
a
mage to p
r
t for the pu
m
o
use suita
b
m
p can be r
e
a
intenanc
e
e
nd, suitabl
must be p
e
damage to
a
rious com
p
suspensio
n
the figure
M
ax. lifting
s
s to be secu
r
t
slip. Make
s
d
ed in a horiz
o
rage
transporte
d
a horizont
a
o
ints.
a
ch the slin
g
slippage o
f
r
operty. Ple
a
m
p.
b
le lifting d
e
e
moved aft
e
e
, ensure s
a
e suspens
i
e
rformed b
y
the pump
a
p
onents ma
y
n points of
on the rig
h
s
peed: V/
m
r
ed in such
a
s
ure that the
o
ntal positio
n
Page12
d
properly
b
a
l position
d
g
ing ropes
t
f
the transp
o
a
se note th
e
vices fo
r
tr
a
e
r transport
a
fe transp
o
i
on facilitie
s
y
competen
t
a
nd injuries
y
only be u
s
some sup
p
h
t.
m
ax < 0.5 m
/
a
wa
y
p
n!
i
b
y compete
n
d
uring tran
s
t
o the free
s
o
rt suspen
s
at the ring
b
a
nsport. Th
.
o
rt of all
s
should
t
personnel
to
s
ed fo
r
p
ort frame
s
/
s
Never lift th
e
p
oint only. I
n
i
njur
y
and/or
n
t personn
e
s
port so tha
t
s
haft end o
f
s
ion points
m
b
olt on the
b
e transport
s
e
pump at o
n
n
correct liftin
g
damage to
p
e
l. Make su
r
t
it will not
s
f
the pump
m
ay cause
b
earing lan
t
locking de
v
n
e suspensi
o
g
may result i
n
p
ropert
y
.
r
e that the
p
s
lip out of t
h
or to the ri
n
risk of per
s
t
ern is the
o
v
ices suppli
o
n
n
personal
p
ump
h
e
n
g
s
onal
o
nly
ed

3.2
A
f
o
n
C
N
3
Interme
d
A
s required,
o
r a period
n
eutral dete
r
C
lean the p
u
N
ever start
3
.3 Return
Pumps
before t
A decla
r
be encl
o
precaut
i
d
iate stora
pumps sh
o
of six mo
n
r
gent.
u
mp prior t
o
up the pu
m
that have
d
hey are ret
u
r
ation of co
n
o
sed with t
h
i
ons and d
e
ge/preser
v
o
uld be tes
t
n
ths from t
h
o
installatio
n
m
p with w
a
d
elivered c
o
u
rned to th
e
n
formity co
n
h
e returned
e
contamina
t
v
ation
t
ed and set
h
e time of
d
n
if the fille
d
a
ter and d
o
o
rrosive or
p
e
manufact
u
n
firming th
a
pump (see
t
ion measu
r
Page13
using a liq
d
elivery. T
h
d
-in liquid
m
o
not leave
p
oisonous
m
u
rer.
a
t it is safe t
Anne
x
”Ce
r
es taken.
u
id that als
o
h
is liquid is
m
ight conta
m
any traces
m
edia must
o
use and
a
rtificate of
C
o
serves to
a mixture
o
m
inate the
p
of water i
n
be thoroug
h
a
safety dat
a
C
onformity“
)
protect th
e
o
f lube oil
p
roduct to
b
n
the pum
p
h
ly flushed
a
sheet for
)
. Please st
a
e
pump’s in
t
a
nd passiv
a
b
e pumped.
p
.
and cleane
d
the mediu
m
a
te safety
t
erior
a
ting
d
m
must

Page14
4 Description of the product and accessories
4.1 General description
4.1.1 General description of the pump
V-Series internal gear pumps are volumetric rotary displacement pumps with internal gears designed to
deliver fluids of any viscosity. The flow of the fluid to be delivered is produced by two gears: The directly
driven rotor designed as a gear and the pinion which, also designed as a gear, engages the rotor in an
off-centre configuration.
Rotor and pinion are isolated from one another by a stationary steady (crescent-shaped partition). For the
pumped fluid to be drawn in (inlet), the teeth of the rotor and the pinion in engagement will come out of
mesh, whereas the teeth moving into mesh will result in discharge of the fluid (outlet).
The pump shaft is supported in the bearing housing in a plain bearing; similarly, the pin of the pinion
(single-ended shaft) is also supported in a plain bearing. The plain bearings are lubricated by the pumped
fluid. The pumps are self-priming. Optionally, the pumps are equipped with a safety relief valve (a pressure
relief valve designed as a bypass). When the valve operates, as a rule fluid will flow from the discharge side
to the suction side of the pump, which - in an extreme case - can entail recirculation (internal circulation)
with overheating.
It is the key property of pumps with magnetic couplings (VTRM Series) that they are driven through a
magnetic coupling. The external magnet core is connected to the motor shaft; it serves to transmit the
torque to the internal magnet core that is mounted to the pump shaft. The magnetic field generated by the
motor-driven magnet hub with the externally placed set of (permanent) magnets causes the internal
magnet core and, thus, the rotor to rotate.
Arranged between the two magnet cores is a containment shell which hermetically seals the pumped fluid
from the atmosphere without any shaft seal fitted. Suitably designed coolant and lubricant grooves are
provided to continuously dissipate heat to which the magnetic coupling is exposed because of eddy current
losses. The coolant flow is returned to the pump's suction side through the gap between the containment
shell and the internal rotor, via the internal rotor's rear side and a centre port in the pump shaft.
Pumps with a drive-end magnetic coupling and a pressure relief valve at the opposite end do not have any
dynamic shaft seals fitted. These pumps are hermetically sealed.
The drive shaft which mounts the magnet hub at its drive end is supported in the bearing flange in two ball
bearings with a shaft seal made of Perbunan fitted to cover the bearings towards the outside. Where it is
desirable to monitor the temperature on the magnetic coupling the pumps can be equipped with a PT 100
temperature sensor that is inserted into the flange of the containment shell from above. Moreover,
provision for PT 100 temperature monitoring is made directly on the pump casingr.
The maximum operating pressure for all pump types is in the range from 8 to 16 bar, depending on pump
type, design and operating conditions.
The ambient temperature range TA is: - 40°C… to TA + 60°C.
The maximum allowable operating temperature range (at the same time the
pumped-fluid temperature range) is: - 40°C to + 220°C.

Page15
4.1.2 Operating principle
Arranged in a pump casing a gear pump has two gears that mesh to provide its pumping action through
rotation in opposite senses. The gears are mounted on two shafts which, in turn, are supported in the pump
casing and the pump cover. One of the two gears is driven through a shaft, with the former also driving
the second gear in mesh. As the space between any two teeth opens a pressure below atmospheric is
generated, drawing the fluid into the pump and advancing it between the tooth spaces and the casing wall.
In the area where the teeth re-mesh the fluid is forced from the tooth gaps and into the outlet. Thus, the fluid
can also be delivered against a higher pressure.
The figure above shows the liquid as it advances through the pump; the point where the teeth come out of
mesh governs the phase of the liquid entering between the rotors and is, therefore, physically located
close to the suction zone. The liquid is carried between the teeth and the steady and the discharge opening
developing as the teeth come into mesh eject the liquid.
The permanent-magnet coupling guarantees operation that requires no maintenance, it is without leakage,
and prevents air entrainment, e.g., when product is drawn in from a vacuum.
4.2 Designation
4.2.1 Marking of the pump
SAXMAG V 80-2 G - K +Y
Ma
g
netic cou
p
lin
g
V6,V12,V20,V25-2,
V30-2, V60-2, V80-2
second shaft
extension
G all grey cast iron,
with carbide plain
bearing
K stainless steel with
carbide plain bearing
+R: Pump casing with heating jacket (or cooling jacket). From V50-3 with flange or flange
with groove to DIN 2512 (+RN).
+R2: Heating jacket on casing cover. Specifically used on pumps made of S.S.
+Y: Pressure relief valve (bypass).
+Y
Y
: Double block and bleed valve (b
y
pass).

Page16
4.2.2 Nameplate
The data on the nameplate relates to a final acceptance with oil at 20°C and a viscosity of 100 cSt.
4.2.3
II 2 G C X
See below
Protection by constructional safety to EN 13463-5
Use in atmospheres with gas/vapour/mist
Category 2
Group II
As the actual maximum surface temperature varies with the temperature of the pumped fluid rather than
the ignition sources, no marking is made to show a temperature class or temperature. The marking
includes the symbol "X" and reference to surface temperatures occurring is made in Section 2.9.6 of this
Operating Manual.
4.3 Main components
4.3.1 Magnetic coupling
The external rotor is driven by an electric motor through antifriction
bearings. It is due to the magnetic forces of the permanent magnets
that the internal rotor is driven in synchronism with the motor
speed. The rotating magnetic field induces in the containment shell
eddy currents attributable to the conductivity of the latter. Hence,
there is a heat build-up in the containment shell. In the hydraulic
section, part of the pumped fluid is branched off through ports in the
rear casing cover, to pass through the inside of the containment
shell and return through a shaft bore, thereby dissipating heat. The
hydrodynamic plain journal bearings are lubricated by the pumped
fluid present in the containment shell.

Page17
4.3.1.1 Internal rotor
The internal rotor is mounted on the pump drive shaft. The magnets are pasted on the rotor outside and
hermetically sealed in to protect them from chemical attack.
4.3.1.2 External rotor
The external rotor with the coupling hub is mounted on the motor shaft. The magnets sit on its inside. The
magnets actually fitted are provided as a function of the torque to be transmitted by the coupling.
4.3.1.3 Magnets
The magnets consist of high-grade samarium cobalt (SmCo). Outstanding features are high magnetic
energy density and low unit volume as well as a high field service temperature limit. Given the magnets'
limited chemical resistance the internal rotor is encapsulated (i.e., hermetically sealed).
4.3.2 Bearings
The drive-end shaft is supported in deep groove ball bearings which, featuring C3 bearing clearance and
high-temperature grease packing, have sealing washers on either side.
The pump-end shaft is supported in hydrodynamic carbide plain bearings which are lubricated by the
pumped fluid.
4.3.3
Pump componentMaterials
Pump casing S.S. Grey iron
ShaftCeramics-coated S.S.
Plain bearings Carbide / Bronze
External magnet Samarium cobalt (Sm2Co17)
Internal magnet Samarium cobalt (Sm2Co17)
Containment shell 1.4571 S.S.
Radial shaft seal Perbunan (temperature-resistant up to 100°C)
Gaskets between containment
shell and bearing housing
Centellen / PTFE
4.3.4 Monitoring
Depending on the unit's operational reliability and availability requirements, it is recommended that
appropriate monitoring equipment be fitted.
On request we can supply equipment for the following functions:
Level monitoring to prevent running dry;
Temperature monitoring on the containment shell to detect overtemperature inside the
containment shell (must be fitted as called for in the ATEX certification);
Pressure monitoring;
Motor monitoring (current consumption).

4.
3
4.
3
Th
e
dis
4.
4
Sh
To
u
Ba
s
4.
5
Di
m
5
5.1
Eq
re
g
Pe
ge
n
3
.5 Permi
s
P
u
V6, V
V20,
V
V60-
2
V80-
2
V100
-
3
.6 Expe
c
e
sound pr
e
tance from
4
Acce
s
aft couplin
g
u
ch guard:
s
eplate:
5
Dime
n
m
ensions a
n
Moun
t
Safet
y
uipment o
p
g
ulations. T
h
r
sons who
h
n
erated by
t
s
sible for
c
u
mp Type
12
V
25-2, V30
-
2
2
-
2
c
ted noise
e
ssure leve
l
the pump,
s
sories
g
: Flexi
b
Coupl
Weld
e
desig
n
Wher
e
by th
e
n
sions and
n
d weights
t
ing/Install
y
regulatio
n
p
erated in p
o
h
is require
m
h
ave a pac
e
t
he magnet
c
es, torque
s
Flan
g
(D
N
1
5
-
2 4
0
5
0
8
0
10
l
of V-Serie
s
is less tha
n
b
le coupling
ing guard
e
d fabricati
o
n
.
e
complete
e
supplie
r
.
weights
can be see
n
ation
n
s
o
tentially e
x
m
ent is clea
e
maker sh
o
ic coupling.
Tempe
r
s
and mo
m
g
e
N
)
5
0
0
0
0
s
Varisco p
u
n
75 dB for
with / with
o
o
n, for co
m
units are d
e
n
from the
p
x
plosive at
m
r from the r
a
o
uld not be
Persons
w
Page18
r
ature mo
n
m
ents on t
h
Fx, F
y
, F
z
N
196
520
650
1,040
1,300
u
mps with
d
all models.
o
ut adapter
m
plete (to IS
e
livered th
e
p
ump's inst
a
m
ospheres
a
ting plate
s
allowed in
t
w
ithin 2 m o
f
n
itoring
h
e pump b
r
Mx,
M
N
m
9
9
2
6
3
3
5
2
6
6
d
rive, as m
e
sleeve
O 3661) u
n
e
coupling
a
a
llation dra
w
must comp
l
s
of the pu
m
t
he vicinity
o
f
the pump
w
r
anches
M
y
, M
z
m
9
6
0
3
0
2
0
6
0
e
asured at
t
n
it (pump a
n
a
nd the cou
p
w
ing.
l
y with rele
v
m
p and the
m
o
f the stron
w
ould be ri
s
t
he pump h
e
n
d motor) o
f
p
ling guard
v
ant explosi
m
otor.
g magneti
c
s
king their li
e
ight at 1 m
f
torsionall
y
will be fur
n
on protecti
o
c
field
ves!
y
rigid
n
ished
o
n

5.
2
5.
2
5.
2
A
ll
co
v
as
s
su
p
5.
3
M
o
ar
o
fro
n
2
Instal
l
2
.1 Chec
k
• Pri
o
• Ch
e
do
c
re
q
• Da
m
is
r
do
u
• Ca
ad
v
ex
c
2
.2 ATEX
additional
c
v
ered by th
e
s
embled pu
p
plied by th
3
Chec
k
o
unt the pu
m
o
und to faci
n
t of the p
u
• Th
e
op
e
• M
a
•
A
n
• Th
e
po
s
we
• Th
e
gu
a
co
o
lu
b
gu
a
m
o
• M
a
si
m
co
n
l
ation
k
s
o
r to startin
g
e
ck to mak
e
c
umentatio
n
q
uirements.
m
age as m
a
r
equired to
h
u
bt or if da
m
re must be
v
ersely affe
c
eed 40°C.
Certificati
o
c
omponent
s
e
ATEX 95
mp unit is r
e
e manufac
t
k
s prior to
i
m
p as close
litate main
t
u
mp to per
m
e
pump an
d
e
ration.
a
ke sure th
a
electric m
o
e
pump sh
o
s
ition other
ll as on the
e
bearing b
r
a
rantee pr
o
o
ling may e
b
rication an
d
a
ranteed a
t
o
nitored.
a
ke provisio
n
m
ilar to are
a
n
form to IE
C
g
installatio
e
sure that
t
n
, etc.) is i
n
a
y have oc
c
h
ave been
s
m
age is fo
u
taken to m
a
ct the envir
o
n
s
such as c
o
certificatio
n
e
quired to
h
t
urer of the
i
nstallatio
n
as possibl
e
t
enance w
o
m
it the guar
d
d
the syste
m
a
t there is u
n
o
tor should
h
o
uld be mo
u
than speci
f
magnetic
c
r
acket nee
d
o
per
f
unctio
ntail unacc
e
d
, thus, pre
t
all times t
h
n
for equip
o
a
s in potent
i
C
60079-14
n, inspect
a
t
he data of
t
n
conformit
y
c
urred: The
s
tored prop
u
nd, please
a
ke sure th
a
ons of the
p
o
uplings, g
u
n
or certifie
d
h
ave a sep
a
pump unit.
n
e
to the tan
k
o
rk, inspect
i
d
to be att
a
m
must be
a
n
obstructe
d
h
ave a cle
a
u
nted horiz
o
f
ied will hav
e
c
oupling's p
r
d
s to be fre
e
ning and lu
e
ptable sur
f
mature ball
h
ere will be
o
tential bon
d
i
ally explos
i
.
Page19
a
nd check t
h
t
he unit (s
p
y
with the h
pump unit t
erly (for thr
e
contact yo
u
a
t hot air fr
o
p
ump syste
m
u
ards, driv
e
d
separatel
y
a
rate certifi
c
k
of the liqu
i
on and ch
e
a
ched.
a
ccessible f
o
d
air supply
a
rance of n
o
o
ntally and
p
e
an impac
t
r
oper functi
e
-standing i
n
brication o
f
f
ace tempe
r
bearing fa
i
a need for
d
ing betwe
e
i
ve atmosp
h
h
e entire u
n
p
ecified on
azardous
z
o be install
e
e
e years m
a
u
r supplier
o
m other in
s
m
; the amb
e
, motor, p
e
y
for the a
p
c
ation and
a
id to be pu
m
e
cks. K e e
p
o
r mainten
a
to the pum
p
o
t less than
p
laced dire
c
t
on drainin
g
on.
n
the atmo
s
the greas
e
r
atures of t
h
i
lure. Wher
e
the bearin
g
e
n the pum
p
h
eres, the
c
n
it and syst
e
the rating
p
z
one, the c
a
e
d must be
a
x.) prior to
of Varisco
p
s
tallations o
ient air tem
e
ripheral eq
p
propriate t
e
a
separate
r
m
ped and
a
p
enough f
r
a
nce and in
s
p
, the drive
25% of th
e
c
tly on the
p
g
, filling an
d
s
phere to p
e
e
-lubricated
h
e bearing
b
e
adequate
g
bracket's
s
p
and the f
o
c
onnection
t
e
m.
p
late, in the
a
tegory and
in a sound
installation
p
umps.
r systems
d
perature m
uipment, e
t
e
mperature
r
ating plate
a
llow suffici
r
ee space
s
s
pection du
and the m
o
e
motor dia
m
p
ump feet.
A
d
venting of
e
rmit coolin
ball bearin
g
b
racket, in
s
cooling ca
n
s
urface te
m
o
undation. I
t
o electric
p
the syste
m
condition
a
. In case o
f
d
oes not
ust not
t
c. must be
category.
T
which is
ent space
s
pecifically
ring
o
tor.
m
eter.
A
ny mounti
the pump
a
g and
g
s. Inadeq
u
s
ufficient
n
not be
m
perature to
n locations
p
ower must
m
a
nd
f
T
he
in
ng
a
s
u
ate
be

5.
4
Th
e
dr
a
Th
e
fu
n
Th
e
ho
r
Su
tra
n
S
m
da
m
pi
p
5.
5
Ci
r
4
Foun
d
e
structure
a
wing/instal
e
concrete
f
n
ctional mo
u
e
concrete
f
r
izontal an
d
pport the p
u
n
smission
o
m
aller pump
s
m
pers bet
w
p
ing system
.
5
Pipin
g
Piping
neces
s
Piping
pump
n
comp
a
The fo
l
r
cumferen
t
A
s set f
o
to occu
r
d
ation
must be pr
e
lation draw
i
f
oundation
s
u
nting acco
r
f
oundation
m
d
level. The
u
mp syste
m
o
f vibration
s
s
may be i
n
w
een the pu
m
.
g
connected
s
ary to sup
p
must be a
d
n
ozzles. It i
s
a
red with th
a
l
lowing are
Pipin
g
Suction lin
e
Discharge l
Recirculati
o
t
ial speed:
Pump t
y
V 6
V 12
V 20
V 25-2
V 30-2
V 50-3
V 60-2
V 70
V 80-2
V 100-2
o
rth in prE
N
r
on the sh
a
e
pared suc
h
i
ng.
s
shall have
r
ding to DI
N
m
ust have
c
anchor bol
t
m
or parts t
h
s
and noise
n
stalled in t
h
m
p and the
to the pum
p
ort conne
c
d
equately di
s
recomme
n
a
t of the pu
m
guide valu
e
g
e
ine
o
n line
y
pe
Driv
e
dia
m
[
m
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
N
13463-5:
2
a
ft seals at
c
h
that the d
a sufficien
t
N
1045 or a
n
c
ompletely
t
s must be
s
h
ereof on vi
to the envi
h
e piping wi
piping so
a
p must not
t
c
ted pipes u
mensioned
n
ded for th
e
m
p's suction
e
s for the m
e
-shaft
m
eter
m
m]
1
4
1
4
1
4
2
2
2
2
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
0
5
5
2
002 Secti
o
c
ircumfere
n
Page20
imensions
c
t
concrete s
n
equivalen
cured prior
s
uspended
bration da
m
ronment.
thout any f
o
a
s to preve
n
t
ransmit fo
r
pstream of
. The size t
e
suction si
d
nozzle.
ax. flow ve
l
Recom
m
the
Max. spe
e
[rpm
]
1,450
1,450
1,450
1,450 ( 1,0
0
1,450 ( 1,0
0
700
640
500
500
350
o
n 5.1, no f
r
n
tial speed
s
c
onform to
t
trength (at
t standard.
to putting
t
in the bas
e
m
pers (whe
r
o
undation.
I
n
t transmiss
r
ces, torqu
e
the pump.
o be chose
d
e that the n
l
ocities in t
h
m
ended fl
o
piping sy
s
0.5 ... 1.0
3.0 ... 5.0
1.0 ... 2.0
e
d
]
cir
c
0
0 )
0
0 )
iction-indu
c
s
of 1 m/s.
t
hose sho
w
least Class
t
he unit in p
e
plate.
r
e necessa
r
I
n such an
a
ion of vibra
t
e
s or mome
n
n should n
o
ext larger n
h
e piping:
o
w velocit
y
s
tem [m/s]
Maxim
u
c
umferenti
[m/s]
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.67 ( 1.
0
1.67 ( 1.
0
1.09
1.14
1.04
1.04
1.00
c
ed temper
a
w
n in the di
m
X0) to per
m
lace. Its su
r
y) so as to
a
pplication,
t
ions from t
n
ts to the l
a
o
t be less t
h
ominal size
y
in
u
m
al speed
0
9 )
0
9 )
a
ture rise i
s
m
ensional
m
it safe an
d
rface must
reduce
install vibr
a
he pump to
a
tter; it may
h
an that of t
h
be chosen
s
anticipate
d
d
be
a
tion
the
be
h
e
d