Varta CoinPower CP 1654 A4 Release Note
COINPOWER | 2
Content
1. GENERAL INFORMATION _____________________________________ 3
1.1 Definitions _________________________________________________ 5
1.2 Features ___________________________________________________ 6
1.3 Applications ________________________________________________ 7
1.4 General design and application criteria _________________________ 8
1.5 Construction and electromechanical
processes of CoinPower Batteries _____________________________ 9
2. MISCELLANEOUS ___________________________________________ 10
2.1 Specification table VARTA CoinPower Batteries __________________ 11
2.2 Data-Matrix Code ___________________________________________ 13
3. CHARGING AND DISCHARGING ________________________________ 15
3.1 Charging ___________________________________________________ 16
3.2 Discharging ________________________________________________ 18
3.3 Charging IC _________________________________________________ 19
4. RELIABILITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY __________________________ 20
5. STORAGE __________________________________________________ 22
6. SAFETY ____________________________________________________ 24
6.1 Safety Tests ________________________________________________ 25
6.2 Product Safety ______________________________________________ 26
6.3 Protection Circuit Module (PCM) _______________________________ 29
7. HANDLING PRECAUTIONS AND PROHIBITIONS __________________ 30
7.1 General Information _________________________________________ 31
7.2 Charging ___________________________________________________ 31
7.3 Discharging ________________________________________________ 32
7.4 Protection Circuit Module (PCM) _______________________________ 33
7.5 Application _________________________________________________ 33
7.6 Storage ____________________________________________________ 34
7.7 Others issues _______________________________________________ 34
7.8 Marking ____________________________________________________ 37
8. BATTERY ASSEMBLY ________________________________________ 38
8.1 Single Cell Assembly ________________________________________ 39
8.2 Multicellular Assembly _______________________________________ 39
8.3 Soldering __________________________________________________ 39
9. APPLICATION CHECK LIST ____________________________________ 40
10. GLOSSARY _________________________________________________ 42
COINPOWER | 4
COINPOWER | GENERAL INFORMATION
General Information
VARTA Microbattery is a leading manufacturer
of batteries and provides professional support
worldwide to customers to help them to design VARTA
batteries into their applications. Quality, reliability,
high performance and customer satisfaction are the
main reasons for our leading position in the market.
VARTA Microbattery provides solutions to major OEM
companies for high-tech applications such as Bluetooth
headsets, activity trackers, heat cost allocator
devices, back-up for memory and the real-time clock
in PCs / notebooks as well as alarm systems, medical
equipment, consumer electronics and many more
product types.
VARTA Microbattery produces all major chemistries
in various form factors. We are fully equipped to
produce customized batteries. We are confident that
we can provide an optimized battery solution for most
application requirements.
Product Highlights of
VARTA CoinPower Batteries
• 6 patented innovations
• Capacity from 29 mAh to 155 mAh
• Low internal resistance
• For discharge currents up to 3C
• Fast charge capability: ready to go in 15 min.
• Long life expectancy
• Excellent charge & discharge characteristics
• Safe & reliable (UL and IEC recognition)
• Smaller designs and lighter products for increased
user comfort
• Produced on highly automated production lines
in Germany
Comparison of the
energy density of
various rechargeable
battery systems:
A = Lithium Polymer
B = Lithium-Ion
C = Ni-MH
D = Ni-Cd
E = Lead acid
FIG. 1 Comparison of diffe-
rent rechargeable battery
systems
COINPOWER | 5
1.1 Definitions
Unless otherwise stated, specified values are valid for
operation at room temperature 20 ºC ± 2 ºC.
Specific Data
The gravimetric energy density of the Li-Ion Coin Power
series depends on battery size, and is in the range of
130 – 190 Wh / kg. Volumetric energy density is in the
range of 380 – 520 Wh / l.
Voltage Definitions
Open Circuit Voltage (OCV):
Equilibrium potential 3.0 V to 4.3 V on average,
dependent on temperature, storage duration and state of
charge. Nominal Voltage of Li-Ion cells is 3.7 V
End of Discharge Voltage (EOD):
The voltage at the end of discharging is nominally 3.0 V
per cell, but depend on discharge rate and temperature.
End of Charge Voltage: (EOC)
Terminal voltage after charge is 4.3V.
Capacity Definitions
The capacity C of a cell is defined by the discharge
current I and the discharge time
t: C = I · t
I = constant discharge current
t = duration from the beginning of discharge until the
end of discharge voltage is reached
Nominal Capacity
The nominal capacity C denotes the energy amount
in mAh (milli-Ampère hours) that the cell can deliver
at the 5 hour discharge rate (0.2 CA). The reference
temperature is +20 ºC ± 2 ºC, and the final discharge
voltage is 3.0 V.
Typical Capacity
The typical capacity is the average capacity at a
discharge rate of 0.1 CA to a final discharge voltage
of 3.0 V.
Available Capacity
Li-Ion cells deliver their nominal capacity at 0.2CA. This
assumes that charging and discharging is carried out
as recommended. Factors which affect the available
capacity are:
• Rate of discharge
• End of discharge voltage
• Ambient temperature
• State of charge
• Age
• Cycle history
At higher than nominal discharge rates the available
capacity is reduced.
Current Definitions
Charge and discharge rates are given as multiples of the
nominal capacity (C) in Amperes (A) with the term CA.
Example:
Nominal capacity C = 1000 mAh
0.1 CA = 100 mA, 1 CA = 1000 mA
Nominal Discharge Current
The nominal discharge current of a Li-Ion cell is the
5hour discharge current (0.2 CA).
It is the current at which the nominal capacity of a cell
is discharged in 5 hours.
COINPOWER | GENERAL INFORMATION
COINPOWER | 6
1.2 Features
VARTA CoinPower batteries are the first choice for a
number of modern high-tech portable products. They
provide a long lasting, reliable main power source which
is lightweight and occupies a minimum of space in the
host device.
VARTA CoinPower batteries meet the most important
design requirements of these products:
Reliable high-power output, design flexibility with a
minimum of space requirement and a round form factor.
Feature
• High energy density
• Wound electrode design
• Built-in safety device with
chemical safety components
• Fully automated production in Germany
• Worldwide branch offices with technical support
Advantage
• Lightweight and small size
• High discharge currents
• The market’s best safety performance
• High reliability and consistent quality
• Close customer relationship
Customer Benefit
• Best performance and long battery life
• Suitable for applications with high peak currents
• Additional cell protection in case the electronic circuit
malfunctions
• high reliability in the field
• Local contact, local knowledge, local language
COINPOWER | GENERAL INFORMATION
COINPOWER | 7
VARTA CoinPower batteries are
especially suitable for modern
electronic applications such as
Bluetooth Mono / Stereo Headsets,
Sensors for Fitness / Sport /
Healthcare, Smart Watches,
Wearable Technology, Smart Car
Keys and many more. These cells
are the ultimate power source for
your electronic devices and make
your products smaller, lighter and
more attractive. VARTA CoinPower
provides outstanding performance
and reliability, excellent quality
along with very safe operation.
1.3 Applications
COINPOWER | GENERAL INFORMATION
IOT
Wearables
Smart Home
Medical
Automotive
COINPOWER | 8
Choose the most suitable battery from our range of
VARTA CoinPower cells for the needs of your application
and the conditions in which it is expected to operate.
The most important criteria for the selection of battery
type are these:
• Required minimum operating time
• Max. and average current drain
• Min. and max. operating voltage
• Operating temperature range
• Mechanical properties
• Available space
• Environmental conditions
You can choose a cell from the VARTA CoinPower range
to operate within the following limits:
Operating Voltage: 3.0 V… 4.3 V
Capacity: 29 mAh to 155 mAh
Height: 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 5.4 mm
Diameter: 9.4 mm, 12.1 mm, 14.1 mm, 16.1 mm
VARTA Microbattery’s professional design-in team,
available worldwide, will be happy to assist you with
further recommendations and will guide you through the
whole design and production process.
1.4 General design and
application criteria
VARTA CoinPower production in Ellwangen / Germany
COINPOWER | GENERAL INFORMATION
COINPOWER | 9
1.5 Construction and electromechanical
processes of CoinPower Batteries
The housing of the CoinPower cells consists of two
stainless steel parts. This gives the cell very high
mechanical stability during assembly in the end-product
as well as during the product’s use by the customer.
Inside the cell the anode, cathode and separator are
wound to a coil. The connection of the electrodes to the
housing is made by welding from the outside to the lid
and cup. The innovative design of the housing, combined
with its foil gasket, provides for the most efficient use
of the space inside the cell for energy-storing material.
This is why the energy density of the CoinPower
batteries is one of the highest of any cell in this small
form factor.
In Li-Ion batteries such as in the CoinPower cells
Lithium Ions move from the anode to the cathode during
discharge and from the cathode to the anode when
charging. Aluminum and copper are used for the positive
and negative current collector. A liquid electrolyte
provides for the movement of Lithium Ions through
the separator.
Construction of VARTA CoinPower
FIG. 8
Chemical reaction in Li-Ion rechargeable battery
FIG. 9
Negative
Electrode
Copper
negative
current
collector
Positive
Electrode
Aluminum
positive
current
collector
Discharge
Charge
Li+ and Graphene
structure
NixMnyCozO2
layer structure
COINPOWER | GENERAL INFORMATION
COINPOWER | 11
COINPOWER | MISCELLANEOUS
2.1 Specification table VARTA
CoinPower Batteries
The CoinPower cell is available in
four different diameters and three
different heights (4.0 mm, 5.0 mm
and 5.4 mm). See specification
table below.
Rechargeable Button Cells (Li-Ion) CoinPower
TYPE DESIGNATION TYPE NO. VOLTAGE (V) CAPACITY (mAh)DIAMETER (mm)HEIGHT (mm)WEIGHT (g)
Main types
CP 1654 A4 63165 3.7 155 16.1 5.4 3.2
CP 1454 A4 63145 3.7 114 14.1 5.4 2.4
CP 1254 A4 63125 3.7 77 12.1 5.4 1.6
CP 1250 A4 63121 3.7 62 12.1 5.0 1.6
CP 1240 A4 63124 3.7 55 12.1 4.0 1.2
Special types
CP 9454 A4 63095 3.7 41 9.4 5.4 1.0
CP 9440 A4 63094 3.7 29 9.4 4.0 0.8
Further types on request
COINPOWER | 12
Model Number
The model numbers are two
uppercase letters and a figure
consisting of four digits.
The version number consists of
one letter and one figure as
shown in the example.
Model Number
CP16 54 A4
Battery
Type (CP –
CoinPower)
Cell Height
(here: 5.4 mm)
Cell Diameter
(here: 16 mm)
Version
COINPOWER | MISCELLANEOUS
COINPOWER | 13
2.2 Data-Matrix Code
In order to make every single cell fully traceable, two
data matrix codes are printed on lid and cup of each one.
This codes provide information about the production
date, the version and the winder or assembly line.
Please note that the codes are printed on every
individual cell produced in Germany. The battery code
is different, and is indicated on the battery drawing.
COINPOWER | MISCELLANEOUS
0123789ABC1254A401
Year
2020 – 0
2021 – 1
Unique cell
identification code
Day of
the year
01240740ABCD1254A401X
Year
Day of
the year
Data-Matrix Code
Data-Matrix Code
2D Datamatrixcode
CP1240 A4, CP1250 A4, CP1254 A4, CP1454 A4, CP1654 A4
Unique cell
identification code
COINPOWER | 14
COINPOWER | MISCELLANEOUS
0123789ABC999
Year
2020 – 0
2021 – 1
Unique cell
identification code
Day of
the year
0124010740
Year Version
number
VARTA
Day of
the year
CPM Line ID
Data-Matrix Code
Date Code
0124010740
2D Datamatrixcode
CP9440 A4, CP9454 A4
COINPOWER | 16
COINPOWER | CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
3.1 Charging
Applicable for CP1654, CP1454, CP1254,
CP1240, CP1250
The CoinPower A4-Version can be charged with
different charging rates and procedures. In order to find
the best solution for the various applications please see
the different options below. For more information please
consult your Key Account Manager.
Standard Charging
The CoinPower A4-Version can be standard charged
with a maximum C-Rate of 0.5C over the entire
temperature range between 0 ºC and 45 ºC. The charging
procedure must be Constant-Current Constant-Voltage
(CCCV).
Fast Charging
The CoinPower A4-Version can be fast charged with
a maximum C-Rate of 1C over the entire temperature
range between 0 ºC and 45 ºC. The charging procedure
must be Constant-Current Constant-Voltage (CCCV).
For this charging procedure the performance stated
in the datasheet regarding capacity and cycle life
may decrease.
Rapid Charging
Furthermore the A4-Version can be rapid charged with
a two-step procedure: A charging rate of 2C can be
applied up to max. 4.0 V, then continue with standard
rate of 0.5C or fast rate of 1C until 4.3 V. The charging
voltages should be controlled within tolerances of ± 50
mV. The charging procedure must be Constant-Current
Constant-Voltage (CCCV) as well. The temperature
range for the CC phase at 2C rate must be between
20 °C and 45 °C. For this charging procedure the
performance stated in the datasheet regarding capacity
and cycle life may decrease.
Charging Procedures Comparison
An overview about the different charging procedures with the related
time and charged capacity can be found in the table below.
Charged Capacity 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
Standard Charge (0.5C) 35 min 60 min 90 min 166 min
Fast Charge (1C) 15 min 30 min 45 min 135 min
Rapid Charge (2C // 4.0 V - 0.5C // 4.3 V) 8 min 12 min 45 min 130 min
Data may vary due to temperature, age of cell and accuracy of voltage and current.
COINPOWER | 17
Applicable for CP9440, CP9454
The CoinPower A4-Version can be charged with
different charging rates and procedures. In order to
find the best solution for the various applications please
see the different options below. For more information
please consult your Key Account Manager or contact
us on our website (www.varta-microbattery.com/en/
contact#form).
Standard Charging
The CoinPower A4-Version can be standard charged
with a maximum C-Rate of 0.5C over the entire
temperature range between 0 ºC and 45 ºC. The charging
procedure must be Constant-Current Constant-Voltage
(CCCV).
Fast Charging
The CoinPower A4-Version can be fast charged with
a maximum C-Rate of 1C over the entire temperature
range between 15 ºC and 45 ºC. The charging procedure
must be Constant-Current Constant-Voltage (CCCV).
For this charging procedure the performance stated
in the datasheet regarding capacity and cycle life
may decrease.
Charging Procedures Comparison
An overview about the different charging procedures with the related
time and charged capacity can be found in the table below.
Charged Capacity 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
Standard Charge (0.5C) 35 min 65 min 95 min 165 min
Fast Charge (1C) 15 min 30 min 45 min 105 min
Data may vary due to temperature, age of cell and accuracy of voltage and current.
COINPOWER | CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
COINPOWER | 18
3.2 Discharging
Thanks to its coiled electrode design the CoinPower
series can handle very high discharge currents without
any damage or reduction in cycle life while operating
with a very low voltage drop. The cell can be discharged
at 2C continuous and 3C in pulse mode for 2 s. This
makes it possible to run power-hungry devices and to
support even high pulse load profiles. The supported
discharge current can be even higher than 3C for shorter
durations than 2 s.
Discharge Temperature
The cell should be discharged within a temperature
range between -20 ºC and 60 ºC.
Over-Discharging
If not used for a long time, the cell(s) might become
over-discharged. In order to prevent over-discharging,
the cell(s) should be charged periodically to maintain
avoltage in the range of 3.0 V to 3.8 V.
Over-discharging may cause some loss of cell
performance or impair battery function. The host
product should be equipped with a device which
prevents further discharging below the cut-off voltage
specified in the data sheet.
Important: The PCM over-discharge detection
threshold / voltage must not be used as the cut-off
voltage for the battery.
Also the charger shall be equipped with a device to
control the recharging procedure as follows:
In case of over-discharging, the cell(s) should be
charged with a low current (0.01 – 0.07 C) for 15 – 30
minutes, i.e. pre-charging, before standard charging
starts. Charging according to the data sheet should be
started after the individual cell voltage has risen above
about 3.0 V and within 15 – 30 minutes. This timing can be
controlled by the use of an appropriate timer for pre-
charging.
If the individual cell voltage does not rise to about
3.0 V within the pre-charging time, the charger should be
able to stop charging and display a notification that the
cell(s) is / are in an abnormal state. In case the individual
cell voltage falls below 2.0 V PCM shall have functions
to disconnect the cell(s) from electronic circuit and cell
shall not be recharged in any case.
Discharging Performance
The graphs below show the discharge curves of all three
cell sizes of the CoinPower series at various currents
(C-rates) and temperatures. The discharge capacity can
be determined when the colored lines reach the 3.0 V
level (End-of-Discharge Voltage). In every header there
is detailed information about the discharge procedure.
The second graph in each example shows the discharge
performance at a 0.2C-Rate at various temperatures
(-20 °C to +60 °C).
COINPOWER | CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
COINPOWER | 19
Illustrates the different phases during a charge cycle
3.3 Charging IC
CoinPower batteries may be charged with any standard
single-cell Lithium charging-IC which implements the
CC / CV-procedure for Lithium systems.
Important: The charging current control have low
level setting. The charging procedure can also be
implemented by a microcontroller or DSP.
A Constant-current Constant-voltage (CC / CV)
controlled charge system is used for charging Lithium
and some other battery types that may be vulnerable
to damage if the upper voltage limit is exceeded. The
manufacturers‘ specified constant current charging
rate is the maximum charging rate that the battery
can tolerate without damaging the battery. Special
precautions are needed to maximize the charging rate
and to ensure that the battery is fully charged while at
the same time avoiding overcharging. For this reason
it is recommended that the charging method switches
to constant voltage before the cell voltage reaches
its upper limit. Note that this implies that chargers for
Lithium-Ion cells must be capable of controlling both
the charging current and the battery voltage.
Recommended charging ICs for VARTA CoinPower
batteries:
Texas Instruments
• BQ 24040
• BQ 24050
• BQ 24052
Linear Technology
• LT 4070
• LT 4071
Please note: There are many more charging ICs
available on the market for use in charging VARTA
CoinPower batteries.
COINPOWER | CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
COINPOWER | 20
4. Reliability and
life expectancy
This manual suits for next models
13
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