Victron Energie Atlas Combi 12/450 User manual

ENGLISH
USER MANUAL
Victron Atlas Combi 12/450
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INTRODUCTION
Victron Energie has established an international
reputation as a leading designer and manufacturer of power
systems. Our R&D department is the driving force behind this
reputation as it is continually seeking new ways of incorporat-
ing the latest technology in our products. Each step forward
results in value-adding technical and economical features.
Our proven philosophy has resulted in a full range of state-of-
the-art equipment for the supply of electrical power that
meets the most stringent requirements.
Victron Energie systems provide you with high-quality AC
supplies in places where there are no permanent sources of
mains power.
An automatic stand-alone power system can be created with a
configuration comprising a Victron Energie inverter, battery
charger, mains manager (if required) and, last but not least,
batteries with sufficient capacity.
Our equipment is suitable for countless situations in the field,
on ships or other places where a mobile 230-Volt AC power
supply is indispensable.
Victron Energie has the ideal power source for all kinds of
electrical appliances used for household, technical and admin-
istrative purposes, including instruments susceptible to inter-
ference. All of these applications require a high-quality power
supply in order to function properly.
Victron Atlas Combi 12/450
This manual contains directions for installing the Atlas Combi
model 12/450. It describes the functionality and operation of
the Atlas Combi, including its protective devices and other
technical features.
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CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION 7
1.1 General 7
1.2 Victron Atlas Combi 7
1.3 The battery charging section 8
1.4 The inverter section 8
1.5 Changeover 9
1.6 Charging 9
2 PROTECTIVE DEVICES 11
2.1 Short-circuits 11
2.2 Maximum power 11
2.3 Overload 11
2.4 Temperature 12
2.5 Low input voltage 12
2.6 High input voltage 12
2.7 Reversed polarity 12
3. INSTALLATION 13
3.1 Materials required 13
3.2 Location 13
3.3 Connections 13
3.3.1 Earth 13
3.3.2 230 VAC output 14
3.3.3 230 VAC input 14
3.3.4 Battery 14
3.3.5 Battery cables 15
4. START-UP 17
4.1 Operation 17
4.2 “On” position 18
4.3 “Stand by” position 18
4.4 Changeover 18
4.4.1 Engaging 230 V mains 18
4.4.2 Disengaging 230 V mains 19
4.5 Charger 19
4.6 Adjustments 20
4.6.1 Frequency 20
4.6.2 Output voltage 20
4.6.3 Switch-on sensitivity on “stand by” 20
4.7 Battery charger 21
4.7.1 Adjustment of voltage 22
4.7.2 Float 22
4.7.3 Equalize 22
4.8 Maintenance 23
4.9 Jumpers 23
4.10 Potentiometers 24
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5. FAULT TRACING LIST 25
5.1 General 25
5.2 The inverter fails to start 25
5.3 The (unloaded) AC output voltage is too low 26
5.4 The battery charger fails to start 27
5.5 The batteries overcharge 27
5.6 The batteries do not charge fully 27
6. SPECIFICATIONS 29
6.1 Inverter 29
6.1.1. Input 29
6.1.2. Output 29
6.1.3. Automatic Economy Switch (AES) 30
6.2 Battery charger 30
6.2.1 Input 30
6.2.2 Output 30
6.2.3 Changeover 31
6.3 Mechanical data 31
7. DRAWINGS 33
Atlas Combi 12/450 cabinet dimensions 34
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1. DESCRIPTION
1.1 General
Victron Atlas Combi 12/450 units are tested to ensure correct
functioning before leaving the factory. They are packed in
shock-absorbing polystyrene and packed in sturdy cardboard
boxes for secure transportation. Along with the equipment it-
self, the box also contains a manual.
The Victron Atlas Combi is housed in a robust aluminium
cabinet (IP21) suitable for floor or wall mounting. The AC
output terminals and the DC battery terminals are located on
the front of the cabinet.
1.2 Victron Atlas Combi 12/450
The Atlas Combi is a compact combination of an inverter and
an automatic battery charger, hence the name Atlas Combi.
The coding of the Combi models is composed as follows:
example: Atlas Combi 12/450:
12/ = 12 Volt, battery voltage
/450 = 450 Watt, continuous power
The Atlas Combi delivers a modified sinewave alternating cur-
rent of 230 V, 50 Hz. Continuous power can be delivered at
all times. A maximum short-duration power can be delivered
for about one second: at a bat-
tery voltage of 12 Volt, the
maximum power is 700 Watt.
Almost any electric or elec-
tronic device powered by a
230 VAC (50 Hz) supply may
be connected to the inverter
of the Atlas Combi.
IP21=
protection against
materials larger
than 12 mm (for
example a finger)
and protection
against vertically
descending water-
drops (condensa-
tion).
Watt =
unit of power
Volt =
unit of voltage
Volt
rms
=
root mean square
(effective value of
alternating wave)
Hertz =
unit of frequency
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1.3 The battery charging section
The battery charger of the Atlas Combi is suitable for a 230 V
(50 Hz) mains voltage. The charger works automatically and
delivers a maximum current of 25 amp.
The battery may remain permanently connected to the
charger, even during winter storage. The Atlas Combi is suit-
able for starter batteries and semi-traction batteries of the
lead/acid type in open or sealed designs.
1.4 The inverter section
The inverter converts a direct current of 12 V into an alternat-
ing current of 230 V, 50 Hz (see illustration 1). With the Atlas
Combi switched on (i.e. switch set to “on”) the inverter’s own
no-load power consumption is 14 Watt.
A full-load efficiency of approximately 85% is achieved
through the use of FET transistors.
The Atlas Combi has an AES (“Automatic Economy
Switch”), as standard. It is activated by setting the switch to
the “stand by” position. The AES switches the inverter off
when the external equipment does not require power. This lim-
its power consumption to 2 Watt and the inverter operates
when a load is detected. Substantially reduced power con-
sumption is achieved when there are intermittent loads. The
sensitivity of the AES can be adjusted, for more information
see section 4 “Start-up”.
starter battery =
a battery used
only to start
machines (such as
the engine of a
boat) and suitable
for high cold
currents
semitraction
battery =
a combined
starter/light battery
Illustration 1. Outputvoltage
waveform during “on” mode.
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1.5 Changeover
When a mains voltage is
connected to the Atlas
Combi, the “on” LED goes
out. The load of the in-
verter is automatically
switched to mains after
about 1 second. As a result,
the inverter is immediately
switched off. More informa-
tion about this changeover
is given in section 4.4.
1.6 Charging
The automatic part of the charger starts up about 1 second af-
ter the charger switch has been set to the “on” position and
230 VAC is present.
Charging takes place according to the WoUoU characteristic,
with a maximum current of 25 amp at a battery voltage of 12
V. The boost charging voltage is set to a standard value of
14.25 VDC (see illustration 3).
AES =
Automatic
Economy Switch
AC =
Alternating Cur-
rent. This is the
normal type of volt-
age supplied by
the mains or shore
power systems
DC=
Direct Current.
This is the type of
Voltage deliverd by
batteries and bat-
tery chargers.
intermittent
load =
a load regularly
switched on and
off automatically
in equipment such
as refrigerators or
electric heaters
with thermostats.
Illustration 3. Charging current wave-
form in relation to battery voltage.
Illustration 2. Output voltage
waveform during “AES” mode.
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2. PROTECTIVE DEVICES
The Atlas Combi is extremely reliable thanks to numerous
built-in protective devices. Descriptions of these devices are
given below.
2.1 Short-circuits
The inverter’s output is protected against short-circuiting. For
the Atlas Combi 12/450, the short-circuit output current
amounts to 3 amp.
In this condition the output voltage approaches 0 V. Once the
short-circuit has been rectified the inverter immediately res-
umes normal operation. This eliminates the need to fit a fuse
in the inverter’s output circuit.
2.2 Maximum power
The maximum power which can be delivered by the inverter
is 700 Watt. This level, which is limited electronically, can be
delivered for several seconds. If the equipment is overloaded
for too long, the input plate fuse (50 A) will become defective.
2.3 Overload
If the inverter is subjected to a high load, it may reach the
critical limit and the overload protection will be activated.
With the Atlas Combi 12/450 this critical limit is ca. 600 Watt.
The overload protective device fitted to the Atlas Combi
12/450 works as follows:
❐When the critical limit is reached, the “overload” LED
lights up. Although the inverter will not switch off, the
output voltage will fall as the load increases.
❐When the overload situation has ended, the voltage
will automatically return to the correct level.
short circuit
current =
current supplied
when a short-
circuit on the out-
put occurs.
LED =
Light Emitting
Diode
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2.4 Temperature
The temperature of the electronics is measured continuously.
The inverter switches off before the temperature reaches an
unacceptably high level due to short-circuiting, overloading
or excessive ambient temperatures. The “temperature” LED
lights up when this situation occurs and the inverter restarts
automatically once the temperature has dropped to an accept-
able level.
2.5 Low input voltage
The inverter switches off if the input voltage is too low. This
input voltage limit is 9.0 V. The inverter restarts when this
voltage exceeds +10.5 V.
2.6 High input voltage
The inverter switches off if the input voltage rises above 17V
and restarts once the input voltage has dropped below +15 V.
2.7 Reversed polarity
If the positive (“+”) and negative (“-”) poles are switched
when the equipment is being connected up, the inverter will
not switch on. Once this has been corrected the inverter will
switch on. You should therefore follow the connection instruc-
tions given in section 3.3.4, on page 18 very carefully.
input voltage =
DC voltage
delivered by
batteries
output voltage =
AC voltage
delivered by the
Victron product
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3. INSTALLATION
3.1 Materials required
❐Two mains leads, 1.5 mm2, maximum length 6 m.
❐Battery cables.
❐The Atlas Combi model 12/450 is fitted with a mains
lead, so a screwdriver is not required.
3.2 Location
❐Install the inverter in a dry area with good ventilation.
Note: High ambient temperatures will reduce output
power, impair efficiency and shorten working life
(see section 6 “Specifications”).
❐There are holes in the bottom and rear of the cabinet
for floor or wall mounting. For the dimensions, refer
to section 7 “Drawings”, page 38.
❐Install the Atlas Combi in an upright position with suf-
ficient space for natural cooling through the grill of the
cabinet. If this is not possible forced cooling must be
provided by fitting a fan to the underside. Make sure
you will have easy access to the front of the unit after
installation.
❐Keep the distance between the Atlas Combi and the
battery as short as possible.
3.3 Connections
3.3.1 Earth
Connect the mains earth wire to the earth contact of the
socket. The circuit is functional only if the cabinet is con-
nected to earth. An M5 earth screw is fitted on the front of the
cabinet (see illustration 4, on page 19). Connect the cabinet
earth terminal to earth. The earth for vessels is the hull or
earth plate; for motor vehicles it is the chassis.
3.3.2 230 VAC output
The Atlas Combi 12/450 is fitted with a socket, which is lo-
cated on the front, at the lower left-hand side (see illustration
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