Volvo STD 101-0001 User manual

Standard STD 101-0001
Volvo Group
Established December 2007 Version 4 Page 1(36)
The English language version is the original and the reference in case of dispute.
BASIC RULES FOR REPRESENTATION
Digital product-definition data practices
Orientation
This standard is based on the international standard ISO 16792:2006 and the American standard
ASME 14.41-2003.
The technical content of section 3, dealing with the combination of drawing and Digital Shape Model
(DSM), corresponds to version 3 of this standard.
This version differs from version 3 in that the title of the standard has been changed from Digital Shape Model
basis – DSM basis to Digital product-definition data practices, which is equal to the title of ISO 16792. In order to
bring the standard in line with ISO 16792, the contents have been completely re-worked and sections 2 Terms
and definitions, 4 Model-only and 5 Reference to this standard on model have been added.
Contents
1 Scope and field of application
2 Terms and definitions
3 Drawing and Digital Shape Model (DSM) in combination
3.1 Reference on drawing
4 Model-only
4.1 General model requirements
4.2 Digital Shape Model (DSM) requirements
4.3 Common requirements for product-definition data
4.4 General notes and local notes
4.5 Model values and dimensions
4.6 Datum applications
4.7 Geometrical tolerances
4.8 Surface texture
4.9 Other applications of 3-D annotation
5 References to this standard on model
1 Scope and field of application
This standard specifies requirements for the preparation and presentation of digital product-definition data,
hereafter referred to as data sets. It supports two methods of application: model-only, and model and drawing in
digital format.
Some parts of the standard are primarily intended as guidelines for IT engineers, but may also be
of general interest. These parts have been marked with the following symbol in the right-hand
margin of the standard.
The rules are intended for use within all Business units and Business areas of the Volvo Group. However, before
starting using model-only (annotated models), the method shall be approved for use within each organization in
question. For approval, this check list shall be used:
•Are all necessary functionalities implemented in the concerned CAD systems?
•Is there a clear business case (e.g. shorter lead-times, increased quality)?
•Are all down-stream systems and work processes aligned (purchasing, manufacturing, aftermarket, etc.)?

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Volvo Group
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NOTE: The figures included in this standard are merely intended to illustrate how annotations shall or can be
made in 3-D environment. They are not intended as recommendations when choosing type of tolerance, size of
tolerance zone, etc. Nor are the illustrations intended to show the complete set of requirements needed to define
a part.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
annotation
dimension(s), tolerance(s), note(s), text or symbol(s) visible without any manual or external manipulation
annotation plane
conceptual plane containing annotation
NOTE 1 −It is desirable that annotation planes intersect or coincide with a model feature.
NOTE 2 −The plane is “conceptual” because it is not physically shown as geometry on the model, but is provided to
replace the drawing media.
associated entities
portion of a product definition to which annotation pertains
associated group
user-defined set of related digital elements
associativity
established relationship between digital elements
attribute
dimension, tolerance, note, text or symbol required to complete the product definition or model feature of the
product that is not visible but available upon querying the model
digital shape model (DSM)
portion of the data set that contains model geometry and supplemental geometry
NOTE 1 −In ISO 16792:2006, the term design model is used to denote this concept.
digital element
geometric element, model feature, group of model features, annotation, associated group or attribute that exists in
a data set
model geometry
geometric elements in product definition data which represent a designed part
geometric element
graphic entity used in a data set
EXAMPLES Representation of geometric feature as defined in ISO 14660-1, representation of model coordinate
system, or representation of crosshatching.
management data
data required for the release, control and storage of product-definition data as well as other relevant engineering
data
model
combination of digital shape model, annotation and attributes that describes a part
model feature
model geometry that represents a physical portion of a part
model value
numerical value derived by querying the model that quantifies the form and spatial relationships of the geometry
composing a digital shape model or assembly of models to the precision (number of decimal places) of the
computer system

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query
means of interrogating a digital element or the relationship between digital elements
represented line element
supplemental geometry line or curve segment indicating the orientation of a direction-dependent tolerance
resolved dimension
model value that is rounded to the number of decimal places required for the design
supplemental geometry
geometric elements included in product-definition data to communicate design requirements but not intended to
represent a portion of the manufactured product
3 Drawing and Digital Shape Model (DSM) in combination
In order to provide a complete definition of a part, a drawing and a digital shape model (DSM) are often used in
combination as primary documents. In such cases, the following fundamental requirements and other provisions
apply:
•When dimensions and other properties are indicated on the drawing, these apply.
•Dimensions displayed on the drawing are considered resolved dimensions. These must not be in conflict
with dimensions obtained from the model; however they shall be rounded to the number of decimal places
required for the design. See section 4.5.2.2.
•Dimensions, e.g. theoretically exact dimensions, which are not displayed on the drawing, shall be
obtained by querying the model.
•Values obtained from the model for any feature(s) where no tolerance or datum target specification has
been stated, shall be considered auxiliary dimensions.
The part may be represented on a drawing using one or more orthographic or axonometric views and sections.
Figure 1 shows a digital shape model without any annotation. A drawing shall be used along with it to provide
geometric and other requirements.
Figure 1 - Digital Shape Model (DSM)

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Figure 2 gives an example of an orthographic drawing depicting the modelled part and figure 3 shows an
axonometric drawing stating the same requirements. Irrespective of the method used to depict the part,
orthographic or axonometric, the drawing shall contain a note stating that DSM is basis for dimensions not stated
on the drawing, and also give reference to this standard. See also section 3.1.
20
40
40
40
22
A
B
C
A
A
1234567X
Ø1 M A B C
4xØ15±0,5
0,8 B
0,8
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED
DIGITAL SHAPE MODEL
IS BASIS WHERE DIMENSIONS ARE OMITTED
STD 101-0001
SYMBOLS, DESIGNATIONS AND GENERAL DRAWING
METHODS STD 101-0005
A B C
2
Figure 2 – Orthographic engineering drawing to be used along with the DSM

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Volvo Group
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1234567X
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED
DIGITAL SHAPE MODEL
IS BASIS WHERE DIMENSIONS ARE OMITTED
STD 101-0001
SYMBOLS, DESIGNATIONS AND GENERAL DRAWING
METHODS STD 101-0005
A B C
2
Figure 3 – Axonometric engineering drawing to be used along with the DSM
3.1 Reference on drawing
When a drawing shall be used in combination with a digital shape model (DSM) in order to provide a complete
definition of a part, the following text note shall be indicated in the text space of the drawing:
DIGITAL SHAPE MODEL
IS BASIS WHERE DIMENSIONS ARE OMITTED
STD 101-0001
In exceptional case, when the model number of the DSM is not linked to the part through the main document in
the PDM system, it may be included in the text note on the drawing in accordance with the following example:
DIGITAL SHAPE MODEL No: xxxxxxxx
IS BASIS WHERE DIMENSIONS ARE OMITTED
STD 101-0001
4 Model-only
4.1 General model requirements
The data set shall provide complete product definition. For example, a DSM, its annotation, and related
documentation.
4.1.1 Fundamental principles
The following are the fundamental requirements and other provisions applicable to annotated models.
•The ability to query the model shall be available.

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•All angular values shall be queried from the model. Exceptions to this are model coordinate system(s) and
planes and axes in datum systems.
•Annotation in any given annotation plane shall not overlap other annotation in the same annotation plane
when the model is viewed perpendicular to the annotation plane.
•Annotation text within any given annotation plane shall not be placed over the DSM when the model is
viewed perpendicular to the annotation plane.
•All annotation shall be specified in one or more annotation planes. Figure 4 shows the principle of using
annotation planes. When CAD software does not support maintenance of annotation-plane orientation
relative to the model, the model-only method shall not be used.
a) Perpendicular annotation plane
b) Coincident annotation plane
Figure 4 – General application of perpendicular or coincident annotation plane
•The associated entities, annotations, and attributes shall be in agreement.
•Resolved dimensions created from queried model values are considered the same as dimensions
displayed on a model.
•Display of centrelines or centre planes for features of size is optional.
•To ensure that the annotation is readable −the text, for example, could be upside down or
backwards following rotation of the model −one of the following techniques shall be used:
oensuring that the reading direction is updated after rotation of a model
oinclusion of means of determining the correct reading direction in each annotation
plane applied to a model
owhen using saved views, ensuring that the model is orientated in the intended view direction −for
example, by including a means of determining the correct reading direction in the view.
•Dimensions and tolerances to internal features may be shown without the use of a section. See figure 5.

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Figure 5 – Showing internal features without using a section
4.1.2 Associativity
The ability to associate digital elements shall be available and maintained. Associativity
information shall be electronically accessible.
4.1.3 Model coordinate systems
A DSM shall contain one or more model coordinate systems. For further information regarding model coordinate
systems, see ISO 16792:2006. Concerning coordinate systems for heavy vehicles, see STD 5026,1.
4.1.4 Applications of supplemental geometry
When supplemental geometry is used, there shall be a clear distinction between the supplemental geometry and
the model geometry.
a) Represented line element
The following geometric tolerances may use a represented line element to clarify the direction of a two-
dimensional tolerance zone of parallel lines. When a represented line element is used to indicate the
direction of a geometric tolerance application, the leader from the tolerance indicator shall terminate on
the represented line element in an arrowhead, see figure 6a. The following geometric tolerances may use
a represented line element to clarify the directionality of a two-dimensional tolerance zone of parallel lines:
•Straightness applied to the line elements of a planar surface.
•Orientation tolerance applied on each line element on a surface.
•Profile any line. See figure 6a.

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Query
Visual response
Figure 6a Figure 6b
b) Associativity
The represented line element, the tolerance frame and the controlled feature should be organized as an
associated group, see figure 6b.
4.1.5 Part features not fully modelled
A conventional simplified representation of part features such as threads and splines may be shown using a
partial geometry definition, annotations, attributes or a combination thereof.
4.1.6 General methods requirements
4.1.6.1 Data set methods
The following subsections cover the product-definition methods listed below. Each different method for specifying
product definition is used in support of different industry processes and requirements. The data set is the original
for all the methods. Any copy, no matter what the media of presentation, is subordinate.
4.1.6.2 Model only
The following is applicable when a model, but no drawing, is used as primary document in the definition of a part.
a) Product-definition data including, but not limited to notes, marking requirements, dimensions and
tolerances shall be contained or referenced in the data set.
4.1.7 Title block on model
When model-only (annotated models) is used, a title block in accordance with STD 910-0001 shall be included in
the model. The title block shall be placed on the general-notes annotation plane which is possible to display on
request and which does not rotate with the model. See section 4.4.

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4.1.8 Views and sections on models
4.1.8.1 Views on models
Saved views of a DSM may be defined to facilitate presentation of the model and its annotation. A saved view
shall have an identifier, be retrievable on demand, contain a model co-ordinate system that denotes the direction
of the view relative to the model and may contain one or more of the annotation plane(s), a selected set of
annotation, or a selected set of geometry.
4.1.8.2 Sections
Saved views may be used to retain sections. All sections shall be the same scale as the DSM. A representation of
a cutting plane shall be used to indicate the location and viewing direction of a section. A means to identify all
cutting planes in a model shall be available. A visible viewing arrow or arrows shall be included to show the
direction in which the section is viewed, see figure 7. When the resultant section is shown as curves in the model,
the viewing arrows can be omitted.
ZZ
Figure 7a - DSM cutting plane Figure 7b - Resultant section shown on curves in the
model
A - A
X
Z
Figure 7c - Resultant section in saved view

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Multiple connected cutting planes shall be used for offset sections. See figure 8.
Multiple connected cutting planes
Figure 8 – DSM with offset section
4.2 Digital shape model (DSM) requirements
4.2.1 General
Digital shape models (DSM) represent a part in ideal geometric form at a particular dimensional condition. Unless
otherwise stated as a general note in the general-notes annotation plane, the dimensional condition applied for
the model shall be that all features are modelled at the nominal size from which the upper and lower limits of size
are derived.
4.2.2 Geometric scale and precision
DSMs shall be modelled using scale 1:1.The model precision indicates the numeric
accuracy required in the production of the part in order to fulfil the design intent. The
number of significant digits of the DSM shall be specified in the data set. The number of
decimal places required for the design cannot exceed the precision of the DSM.
4.2.3 Model completeness
The model shall contain geometry, attributes and annotation as required to provide a complete definition of the
part. The model shall be constructed so as to provide a complete definition of the part. In the event this facility is
not used, e.g. in early stages
•models not fully modelled shall be identified as such, e.g. a partially modelled symmetrical part,
•features that are not fully modelled shall be identified as such, e.g. threaded holes that are only shown as
holes, and
•thin parts for which the thickness has not been fully modelled, see figure 9.

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Figure 9 – Thickness indicator for a non-modelled thin part
4.3 Common requirements for product-definition data
4.3.1 General
This section establishes the common requirements for the application, display management and query of product
definition data. Specific requirements for particular types of product-definition data are given in sections 4.4 to 4.9.
4.3.2 Common requirements
4.3.2.1 Display management
Display management shall include the ability to enable or disable the display of annotations
completely, by type or selectively.

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Ra 6,3
+0,3
General notes:
Z
a) Model with all annotations displayed
Figure 10 – Display management

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Z
b) Model with one type of annotation displayed
Figure 7 (continued)
Ra 6,3
+0,3
General notes:
Z
c) Model with selected annotations displayed
Figure 10 (continued)

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4.3.2.2 Hard copy
For working purpose, a hard copy of any visual display shall be available on demand. This hard copy is for
reference only.
4.3.3 Model requirements
4.3.3.1 General
The following subsections give requirements for annotation applied to a DSM. These are general requirements,
which apply to all types of annotation. Specific requirements for particular types of annotation are addressed in
sections 4.4 to 4.9.
4.3.3.2 Associativity
The following are general provisions for defining an associative relationship between digital elements.
Annotation shall be associated to a model feature, a group of features, or a portion of an applicable model feature,
for example, the associated entities for a dimension.
Annotation, model geometry, and supplemental geometry may be placed in associated groups to indicate their
relationships.
See figure 11.
Example 1: Supplemental geometry used to define location, orientation, or further clarify the application of
annotation to a model.
Example 2: A model coordinate system for datum systems.
Example 3: Qualifying notes and size limit indications.
Query
Visual response
a) Size tolerance query
Figure 11 – Tolerance query associativity

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Query
Visual response
(eight associative features)
b) Pattern of features query
Figure 11 (continued)
4.3.3.3 Attributes
Attributes are used to capture additional information that is not shown using geometry or in the
model annotation. Attributes shall be available on demand. Attributes may be presented using
text description, forms or other techniques. Applications of attributes include, but are not
limited to hardening, coating, knurling, screw threads and centre holes.
4.3.3.4 Annotation planes
The orientation of the annotation plane shall be maintained relative to model geometry as the
model is manipulated in 3-D. For example, as the geometry is rotated, the text rotates corre-
spondingly. See figure 12. When a CAD system does not support maintenance of annotation
plane orientation relative to the model, annotation planes shall not be used.

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a) Initial attitude of model geometry and annotation
b) Rotated about 90°about the Z axis
Figure 12 – Annotation planes relative to model geometry

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4.3.3.5 Leader lines
Leader lines directed to represented line elements shall terminate with an arrowhead. When an indicated element
is a surface, the leader line shall terminate with a dot within the bounds of the surface. Leader lines may terminate
on the rim or edge of a feature of size if this provides a clearer understanding of the intention of the annotation. A
continuous (solid) leader line shall be used to indicate all datum targets in a DSM.
4.3.3.6 Direction-dependent tolerances
When a direction-dependent tolerance (e.g. straightness) is applied to a DSM, the direction shall be explicitly
defined as follows.
•Supplemented geometry is added to the model to show the direction of application. The model geometry
to which the tolerance applies shall be the associated geometry for the annotation, see figures 6a and 6b.
•Direction-dependent tolerances may use a model-coordinate-system vector to define the direction of
application. The model coordinate system vector, associated entity and tolerance shall be organized as
an associated group, see figure 13.
•As indicated in STD 112-0003 – Geometrical tolerances.
Z
Visual response
Query
Z
Figure 13 – Direction of tolerance defined by coordinate system vector
4.3.3.7 Indicated limited application of a tolerance
Limited length, area and location indicators may consist of, but are not limited to, supplemental geometry and
associative annotation. When supplemental geometry is used, it shall be located on the model geometry, see
figure 14.

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Figure 14 – Limited-area indicator
4.3.3.8 Query types
The model shall contain information sufficient to satisfy the following query types.
a) Model values
b) Relationship between model geometry and annotation in either direction, including the following:
•Graphic display of associated entities: the associated entities for a piece of
annotation shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other entities on the
display on demand, see figures 11a) and b).
•Graphic display of associated annotation: all annotations associated with selected
geometry or model features shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from
other entities on demand, see figure 15.
Query
Visual
response
Figure 15 – One feature of a pattern

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c) Model geometry and model features
•Model features shall be identifiable by selecting a geometric element of the model
feature.
•All geometric elements in an associated group of model features shall be
identifiable by selecting any geometric element within the group.
•All model features in a group of model features shall be identifiable by selecting
one of the model features
d) Tolerance indicators, datum indicators and datum target indicators
•Upon selection of a tolerance indicator, the datum indicators and datum target
indicators that correspond to the datum references shall be highlighted or
otherwise distinguished from other entities on the display, see figure 16.
Query
Visual response: All datum feature symbols and datum target symbols respond
Figure 16 – Queries of datum feature symbols and datum target symbols
•Upon selection of a datum target indicator, all datum target indicators sharing the
same letter shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other entities of the
display, see figure 17
Query
Visual response
Figure 17 – Queries for datum targets

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•Upon selection of a datum indicator, the datum target indicators which have the same
datum letter shall be highlighted or otherwise distinguished from other entities on the
display, see figure 18.
Visual response
Query
Visual
response
Figure 18 – Queries for supplemental geometry
e) Supplemental geometry used in the definition of annotations, appropriately highlighted or
otherwise from other entities on the display.
f) Identification of all elements of an associated group, appropriately highlighted or otherwise
distinguished from other entities on the display, through the selection of any one element.
4.4 General notes and local notes
4.4.1 Model requirements
When a requirement of a particular type is generally applied or applicable to features not associated to another
requirement of the same type, a general note can be stated and placed in a notes-annotation plane
(corresponding to text space of a drawing) that does not rotate with the model. This annotation plane shall be
available for display with the model.
Example: UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED 2 A B
When special requirements apply to one or a few digital elements or areas of the modelled part, but are
unsuitable to specify in a model-annotation plane, a reference symbol, e.g. 1), A), symbol, etc. shall be placed in a
model annotation plane and repeated in the notes-annotation plane (text space) along with the applicable
requirement. These notes are called local notes.
Example MATING SURFACES
General notes do not require associativity. General notes may include general tolerances for
the entire model. Local notes shall be associative to applicable digital elements in the model.
1 XYZ